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Constitutionalist and Republic.
UV JAMES GARDNER, JR.
[From the Baltimore Sun.)
■ ao3l Report of the Secretary of the Nary.
Kr a r.nuai report of the Hon. Wm.A. Gra-
R, Secretary of the Navy, occupies nearly five
‘ ot - the Republic, and gives an interesting
R 1 bit of the condition of the public service un-
Rbis supervision.
Write report commences by noting the move
■ ‘ ot JJur several naval squadrons during the
81-l-compliment* Cora. Platt, of the Albany,
Rthe eiuigy he displayed at Havana, during
K, aie invasion of Cuba—refers to the trip of
R Mississippi to the coast of Turkey, to take
Bboard Gen. Kossuth, and her return to the U.
B..p—,ind announces that the Independence,
rC'oiilv U- s. vessel in the Mediterranean, has
H! ordered home, being unsuited for winter
Brsin'’ > n that sea.
Bp-e'Vriean squadron, under Com. Lavalette.
B been assiduously and successfully engaged,
Bv,l hv the English squadron, in suppressing
B s >„ t , trade, but as Brazil has abolished the
Eve'trade among her subjects, it is proposed to
■ ~r n, (i re at Britain of our determination to
Bithdraw our squadron altogether from the Afri-
Bn coa«t and increase it on the coast of Brazil,
Btving the Horae Squadron to guard the use of
? ,i a 7, lcir the slave trade with the Spanish West
Such an arrangement, it is believed,
Ln, ld more certainly conduce to the suppression
P t)i( , s [ ave trade, aiid at the same time promote
(l e health of the otticersand crews of our vessels.
E The Bainbridge, of the Brazil squadron, has
L. aa ordered to relieve the Perry on the African
„*. the latter being oidered home,
r -fi.g [jrazil squadron is under the command of
If unniodjre McKeever, and its efficiency is duly
fcaiineii'led, asare also the Mediterranean squad
l ’ Coin! Morgan; the Home squadron. Com.
Kirker, V\acitio squadron. Com. McCauley; and
•C East India squadron Com. Aulick. who is on
fins way out in the Susquehanna. The Marion
t.il! be relieved on the arrival out of the Susque
li anna a! ,d Plymouth, and return home by the
Lay of the Cape of Good Hope, bringing, it is
ir x liected, valuable varieties of the seed or root ol
t ,, sl ,„ ar ’ cane, and also of the teaplant, collected
tinder the orders of the Department for distribu
tion j„ the sections of our country adapted to their
Cultivation.
In all quarters of the giobe our vessels have
b ell cordially received, and the officers well
treated. The interests of commerce, internation
al i.eace and friendship are. it is believed, prompt
ed bv the v isits of our armed vessels, and the dis
play of our Hag on foreign shores.
It is recommended that the officers and men of
[the late Grinned expedition be allowed the same
|j )lV ami emoluments that were granted to those
flu like positions in the late exploring expedition
ko the South Seas. Mr. Grinned has offered bis
[v essels again, should Congress see fit to authorise
t second expedition in search of Sir John Frank
Hie brig Dolphin, Lieut. Lee, has been des
patched to test new routes on the ocean, pointed
oat by the superintendent of the observatory, and
liivorable results are anticipated. During the
pear, ninety officers have been employed on the
roast survey, the supervision of which it is re
ronun. t'ded should be referred to the Navy De
partment.
The coast of the large stone dock at Brooklyn,
bas been $'>,144,335 3«. It was so far complet
hl in August as to be delivered tp the comuian
lant of the yard. The floating sectional dock
lasin and railway at Philadelphia, is reported
cady (or delivery, and the one at Porsmouth, N.
L, nearly ready. The balance dock, at Peiisa-
K,la, will not be ready before the ensuing sum
nei. The floating sectional dock on San Fran
co Day has been contracted for at SOIO,OOO,
md will be competed in two years from May
Ist. It* location cannot be determined until the
life for a navy ytrd is selected. The dock, it is
digested, when not in use for the repair of naval
relsels, may be used by merchant vessels. Alie
nate appropriations are urged for the San Fran
lisco navy yard.
Messrs Wells k Gowan, of Boston, have con
racted to remove the wreck of the steamer Mis
ouri froWi the Bay of Gibraltar, lor the sum of
159.000, and are now performing the duty, with
to doubt of success. ,
The report next discusses the propriety oi the
nadua! increase of our navy, and the necessity
if availing ourselves of all the improvements and
liscoveries of the age in gunnery, ordnance, na
tal architecture, and all the appliances of steam,
fts an instance of the improvement of the age,
t is stated that the boilers of the Mississippi,
planned fifteen years ago, can now be reduced
nearly one half in their dimensions and weight,
md at the same time made to double the present
power of the vessel with about the same quanti
;y of fuel now required.
It is recommended that authority be given to
wild, every year, two new vessels, one sail and
he other steam, upon such models as shall be ap
iroved; and as old vessels may be found unservi
•eable, from fault of model or other cause, they
nay he sold or broken up.
The recommendation of the Chief of the Bu
reau of Yards and Docks, that machinery be
erected, in one or more otthe navy yards ot the
country, for the building of steam engines, and
construction of war steamers complete, is recom
mended to the attention of Congress.
\ class of small vessels is much wanted to
ajve employment in command to senior lieuten
ants. many of whom are kept in long and te
d.ous inaction before their promotion to com-
minders, and would be highly useful to cruisers. <
especially those propelled by steam, by reason ol
their ability to penetrate into harbors and rivers
inaceesible to ships of larger class.
The previous recommendation to reduce tne
number of officers in the grades of captain, corn
uander and lieutenant of the navy, is renewed,
Abe same time that the number ol masters be
increased to fifty, and the grade of second lieu
tenant established. It is also urged again that
the ranks of commodore and two tear admirals
be legalized, to be conferred on surviving veterans
who. more than a third of a century ago. illustrat
ed our arms in conflicts on the ocean it woulu
he a stimulant to others to emulate their exam
ples. . ~ .
1 he establishment of a retired list is once more
pressed upon the attention of Congress, as are
also the disputed questions ol rank between the
sea officers and civil officers of the navy, and be
tween the several grades of officers of the army
snd navy.
The laws for the government of the navy,
passed more than fifty years ago, have been re
vised by a board of officers, and will be submit
ted for the actioH of Congress. The great delect
in the old laws is the failure to provide any pun
ishment as a substitute for corporal chastise
ment, which has lately bean abolished, to the
detriment of the service. A remedy must be
provided, or the consequences will become serious.
.Nearly one hundred trials of enlisted men. by
courts martial, have taken place since the passage
of the law in question. This law cannot he el-
Mtually tried until Congress shall prescribe some
substitute. Whether this shall be by the adop
tion of the system recommended by the board ol
officers above referred to, providing that courts
martial may be ordered by each officer in com
mand of a ship, and summarily held to determine
gu.'lt, and then graduating punishments as there
in sifted, as well as holding out rewards, or by
some other and more approved method, is reler
red to the determination of Congress.^
The buildings at the Annapolis Naval School
are in progress of erection, and the sloop-01-wai
ftsbls has been attached to ths academy as a
practice ship for instruction in practical seaman- J
ship. An important change has been made in ■
the plan of education, so as to require a continued
course of study of four years at the aca.lemy, !
without going to sea, except tiiat the vacation of
three months in each year is spent in a cruise in ]
the practice ship, the former course requiring two
years at the academy, three at sea, and then two
more at the academy. A class of fifty acting j
midshipmen was admitted in October last, and 1
will constitutethe first class to which this new j
system will apply. It is now believed that for
all the purposes of naval education, the academy J
affords advantages equal to those for military ,
education at West Point; and under the efficient 1
command of the present superintendent. Com-j
mander Stribling, it is hoped that these advanta
ges will be fully realized.
The expediency of appointing ten midship
men, to be made "at large,” is again urged.
The Naval Observatory aiul Hydrographical
Office have been in active operation during the
year. A second volume of Astronomical Obser
vations lias been published. The wind and cur- j
rent charts planned by Lieutenant Maury, the l
Superintendent of the Observatory, are being
extended to the Pacific and Indian oceans. This J
work has materially shortened the passage along
the highways by which our commerce passes in
to and through the southern hemisphere, bring- \
ing the ports of those distant parts ol the world—
some ten days, and some several weeks nearer to
us than before. A letter from the Superinten
dent ol the Observatory states the important
fact that vessels sailing from the Atlantic to the
Pacific ports of the United States, with the in
structions afforded hy» these charts, make the
voyage in forty diys less, upon the average, than
those sailing without them; and that there is rea
son to hope the time may he still further re
duced.
The reports of St. Gillis, the Nautical Almanac
of Lt. Davis, and the experiments of Professors
Page and Espy, are referred to, as well as the
success and condition ol our numerous mail ;
steamers.
The sum required lor the support of the Navy j
and Marine corps for ftie year ending June 30,
18. 'ill. is estimated at .88,340.693 08, of which
Si,OS.l,oao 89 is for special object*. The sum
estimated for the Navy and Marine corps last
year was $3,900,621, and for special objects $2,- j
210,980. There is an evetss therefore, in the
present estimates of $ 173.210 89, which is occa
sioned by the addition of pay tor increased ser- :
vice to the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, di- j
rected by the act of the last session ot Congress, ■
tlie completion of the dry iioci< in Cahloruia, and
some additions under the head ol improvements
in navy yards, buildings and nuchi.n ry.
The total expenditures ot the Department,
during the year, have been $9044,397 U,ofi
which $3,138, 817 91 was for special ol j 1 " l s. j
The establishment ol a Bakery in New 3 ork,
for the use of the Navy, is recommended as is
also the repeal of the law prohibiting con nuta
tion in money lor stopped rations. i
The recommendation of the Chiei oft! ■ 8u- j
reau of Medicine and Surgery for the inve nent
in productive stocks of the navy hospital land, j
and for retiring trom the list ol effective sin .eons
all the officers of that corpswlioaiejici.il rent- ;
ly unfitted for duty, and supplying their p'aces
'ey new appointments, a provision requi.ed in
every grade of the service, are commend d to
early action, and an appropriation asked to re
build barracks at the various stations for the
Marine corps.
The Secretary closes his report, by recom
mending the establishment of an additional Bu
reau, to be termed the Bureau ot Orders and
Discipline, to which shall he assigned the com
munication of orders and instructions touching'
naval service and discipline, a and the receipt and
preservation or distributor! ot returns and reports
pertaining to the same, in anology to the duties
required of the Adjutant General s Office in the
Department of War.
Mr. Thrasher's Last Addross to his Coantiymon.
In a Dungeon of the Punta Castle, I
Havana, Aov. 21s/, 1831. J
To the Government of the United States of Amer- j
ica and to a a Felloui Countrymen: An Aineri- j
can citizen, deprived of liberty and denied jus- !
tice, respectful: v begs leave to lay before you the ;
following facts and appeal. Upon leaving the
Steamer Georgia, oil tlie 16th ot October last, 1 ;
was suddenly, and without previous accusation, j
arrested, and taken to the office ot the police, j
On searching my person, and that ot a gentleman
who accomnanied me, no papers or letters ot
any kind were found upon either ot us. We
were then taken to the hotel, where I hoarded, ;
acommpanied by the Chief of Police, who de- |
manded to be shown my room. On ascertaining
that I had no room there, we were taken to iny
residence, and all my papers seized. Ihe gen
tleman who accompanied me, was then put at
liberty. Myself and all my books and papers
were taken to the residence of one of the police
commissaries, where four days were occupied by
two go\ eminent interpreters in reading my
letters. On the 21st October, I was thrown into
a dungeon of the city prison, and all connnum- ■
cation of my fiiemis strictly prohibited.
On the 25th, I was removed to my presen ,
dun ‘'eon. and the Fiscal of the Military Irihune
made his appearance and began a judicial exam
ination. On the 26th this was continued, and
then I saw no one until the ‘lth instant, when
the questioning was proceeded with; and on the
6th, I was again questioned,and tonally informed
that I was accused of treason. At the same
time I was required to select one from a list ol
officers that was presented to me, who should .
conduct my defence. Not knowing any of them,
I chose one at random, supposing he would con
sult with me and my legal advisers, as is usual
in such cases, in regard to my defence. On the
7th instant, I was, for the first time, allowed to
see my friends, and to consult with them as to
the best course to pursue. I conferred with our
Consui, and he passed several communications
in my behalf to the government here, all ol
which have been utterly disregarded, and not
replied to. On the Uth, I was informed that 1
was to be brought up the next day for sentence.
I immediately wrote to my nominal detender
to come at once to consult with me, and to bring
with him the proceedings which were in writ
ing He replied, verbablly, that he would come
in°the afternoon. He did not come, and I enter
ed at once a protest against the proceedings, al-
Wing that I had not been heard, and that neith
er myself nor my legal advisers had been con
sulted for a proper defence. I sent this to the
President of the Military Commission that m„ht
who refused to receive it. saying that it could
only be admitted by the Coptain General.
. The American Consul, -Mr. Owen, as soon as
■ informed of this, proceeded to the place and pro
tested against sentence being pronounced,as I had
: not been heard in defence. In the morning my
■ nominal defender came to my prison to mtorm
. me that he had been allowed by the court only
• twenty-four hours to prepare iny defence,
: he had been occupied till that moment examin
f ingthe proceedings, which were volut " l "T’
. and that within an hour he must reiurn them to
. the Fiscal. On the 12th, 1 was taken before a
i court martial, composed of a bngaoier g
. and six officers of the army. The lest imony and
v proceedings were read belore . was Drought in
- court, which was contrary to la w and to
and when brought in I w-as asked, what had to
,1 sav to the charges against me? I replied that L
ir had not been furnished with a copy ol the char
a 1 ges—that I had been denied access to the pro-
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1851.
ceedings and testimony—that my nominal de
fender had neither consulted with me nor with
my counsel—and that 1 now asked that my pro
test and petition for stay of proceedings should
lie admitted. 1 was told by the President of the
court that it should be considered. 1 was reman
ded to my dungeon, and heard nothing more ol
the proceedings until to-day, when 1 have been
formally notified that I have been sentenced to
eight years labor, in chains, at Ceuta, in Africa
with payment of costs.
It is unnecessary forme to enlarge upon the
impropriety of bringing me before a court mar
tial in a time of profound peace; on the injustice
of sentencing me without a hearing; on the litter
contempt of international law, civil rights, and
treaty stipulations, in my trial, or upon the wil
ful disregard, in the manner of proceeding, of the
constitution and rules of the very court which
has assumed a jurisdiction over me without right,
has tried me without a crime, and sentenced me
without defence. The government that has the
power and tne wiil to commit these acts, is be
yond the reach of reason, and my only resource
is, to appeal to the physical power of our own
government for that protection which its moral
power has not been able to extend over me, ar.d
to ask from my fellow countrymen such coun
tenance as will encourage the executive in the
manifestation of firmness, and carry some ap
preciation of national rights and national duties
to the hearts of the unscrupulous rulers of Cuba.
1 solemnly affirm that 1 have never had any
connection with the parties who invaded this
island, and that the only grounds for hatred to
me, on the part of the government and Spanish
portion ofthe population here, are, that I am an
an American; that 1 refused to abjure my nation-'
ality one year since, when required by this gov
ernment to do so, or to abandon the business 1
was then engaged in; that I succored, so lar us I
was able, those of my unfortunate countrymen
who were captives here; and that, in the court,
1 had the independent spirit (they call it audaci
ty) to rely upon my innocence and my rights as
an American citizen. Having been denied jus
tice, 1 now ask at the hands of the American
Government, and the American people, that
liberty of which lam so iniquitously deprived.
All the horrors of the Spanish galleys are before
me,and my only hopes are in the sympathies of
my countrymen, and the prompt action of our
nation! government. J. S. Thrasher.
[Telegraphed for the Baltimore Sun.)
Further per Steamer Pacific.
New York, Dec. 7.
The steamer Pacific arrived at 10 o’clock to
night, with 60 passengers, a fair freight, and
three days later from Europe. On December 3d,
at IP. M., in lat. 18 50, lon. II 46,she exchang
ed signals with the steamer Cambria, bound east.
Among the passengers of the Pacific is the
Hon. Wm. C. Rives, Minister to France.
Markets. —American descriptions ol cotton
have advanced id. Sales of the three days, 21,000
hales, of which speculators and exporters took
5,000 bales.
The London money market was easy; consols
closed at 97 J for money, and 98 J on account; rail
way shares were lower.
England.—The steamer Pioneer sailed for N.
York on Saturday.
A serious collision had occurred on the North
western Railway, by which many persons were
injured.
The cotton factory of Messrs. Dujaid, McPhail
& Co., at Grcenhead, was destroyed by fire on
the 20th. It employed 300 hands. Loss $20,000.
The Sunderland Bank had suspended payment.
France. —lntelligence from Paris announces
that M. Casabianca had been appointed Minis
ter of Commerce.
Numerous arrests continued to be made.
The Minister ofthe interior has declined be
ing a candidate for the department of the Senate.
The Bourse was unsettled, at a decline.
Owing to the probability of further differen
ces between the President and the Assembly, an
article in the Constitutionelle, charging the heads
of the party of order with a conspiracy against
the President, had caused a great sensation. The
Minister of the Interior had denied the existence
of such a conspiracy.
A bill had been proposed in the assembly for
regulating the responsibility of the President and
his Ministers. It is stated that there is a pros
pect of Louis Napoleon again presenting the
electoral hill recently defeated in the Assembly.
Hanover. —A new Ministry, under the Presi
dency of the Schaale, had been formed, which
will pursue an entirely new course of policy.
The new King had issued a proclamation pledg
ing himself to the most sacred observance of the
Constitution ot the country.
Austria. —The state ot Hungary was most
unsatisfatory, and the Government organs admit
that it is much agitated. The system of expul
sion was still carried on on a grand scale.
Italy. —The Neajiolitan Government intends
increasing the export duties on sulphur and oil.
Turkey. —Constantinople accounts announce
another ministerial crisis as at an end, and that
Ali Pasha had been induced to resume his duties
as foreign minister.
Spain. —News from this country is unimpor-
I tant. , •
Two vessels had arrived at Cadiz with an
other portion of the Lopez expedition on board.
Prussia. —The renewal of the Commercial
treaty between Prussia and Belgium had failed.
The Prince of Prussia was to leave Berlin on
the 23d, to take command of the army on the
1 Rhine. ,
Latest Intelligence,
[by electric telegraph.]
Paris , Wednesday, Nr.v. 26.—After post-hour
on Wednesday, the Minister of the Interior said,
in his reply to Mr. Creton, in an article of the
Constitutionelle, “I will reply categorically.—
Had we obtained proof of the existence ot such a
conspiracy, you may be well assured that who
ever were the men who participated in it, how
ever high their rank, we would not have hesita
ted to perform our duty/ 1 The Assembly then
adjourned.
London. Nov. 26.—Letters from Liverpool
state the suspension of two firms connected with
American trading—A ice, Pride & Jones, and
Hamden & Co. The liabilities of the firms arc
not mentioned, hut are supposed to be large.
Those of the latter are supposed to amount to
about £60.000 orXSO.OOO.
Paris, Nov. 26.—Bourse s's closed at 91: 3s j
66 10: Exchange between England and America
nominally 6 a7, leaving a small profit on the
importation of gold for the United States,
i Liverpool, Nov. 26. —The cotton market is ad
vancin'!, and is ad higher since Friday.
The Manchester market is active, with small
stocks. Prices are higher.
England. —The steamer City of Glasgow,
from Philadelphia, arrived at Liverpool on the
23d, in 17 days.
i The Europa made the passage out from Bos
ton in 10 days and 3 hours.
(From the N. O. Picayune, Uth insl.)
Later from California, the Isthmus, and Havana.
The steamship Philadelphia, Capt. W. H.
. Brown, arrived here last night from Chagres and
i Havana, with the California mails up to the Ist
l of November. This is, however, only three days
) later than papers received from San Francisco
• by the steamship Alabama a few days ago.
j She brings 435 passengers, and about $50,000
l in gold dust on freight, besides a considerable
■- 1 amount in the hands of passengers.
I Affairs upon the Isthmus remain in a quiet
state. There is, however, a deep feeling exist
ing, which a slight occasion would provoke into
another collision between the whites and the
foreign black population.
The accounts of the late affray at Chagres,
published in the papers throughout the United
States, are greatly exaggerated, and but little re
liance can be placed upon them.
We have only space this morning for a brief
summary of the news. The Southern Conven
tion for the division ot the State of California,
which met at Santa Barbara on the 20th of Octo
ber, did not effect anything. Only a few coun
ties were represented, and these were not by any
means harmonious. They adopted a set ot reso
lutions declaring their grievances, but disagreed
about the boundary of the proposed territory,
and adjourned without taking any action.
The news from the mines is very lavorahle.—
Gold is still found in great abundance.
The San Francisco Morning Post ot the Ist inst.
says that no serious disturbance exists among the
Indians on the frontier. m
The discovery of gold on Queen Charlottes
Island, off the coast of British Oregon, in latitude
53, in considerable quantities, is announced in
the late news from Oregon, in a shape we see no
reason to question.
The Post speaks of an expedition to the Sand
wich Islands, which had excited much specula
tion in San Francisco. It appears that two or
three vessels had left with a considerable num
ber of passengers.
The steamship Tennessee arrived at Panama
from San Francisco on the 16th ult., with $2,-
500,000 in gold.
The contract for conveying the U. S. mails
across the Isthmus was sold at Panama on the
13th ult. It was awarded to a Mr. Parades, who
made the lowest hid—sll 75 per hundred
pounds.
We did not receive onr papers or letters from
Havana last night, hut learn from passengers,
who arrived in the Philadelphia, that Mr.
Thrasher was to be sent to Spain in a day or
two after they left. They speak ol a silly rumor
which created considerable excitement in Ha
vana. It was to the effect that 2,000 Ameri
cans were ready to embark at Key West to in
vade the Island.
, m - |
AUGUSTA, OA.
THURSDAY MORNINO, DECEMBER 11. '
Mississippi Convention.
We have been trying for some days, to make I
room for the resolutions of the Mississippi Con- 1
vention, but legislative and other news, have so 1
crowded, and still crowds us, that we shall have |
to give a brief synopsis of them. <
The resolutions were reported by a committee (
of 13, and a minority rejiort accompanied that of
the majority. •
The majority report declares, that they will
accept the compromise as a permanent settle- ;
incut ot the slavery question, and will adhere to '
it, as long as it is adhered to by the North. 1 hat 1
they see nothing in the series of measures, that
should disturb the friendly relations existing <
between the general government and the people
of Mississippi, that they will abide by the Union
as it is, and the Constitution without amend
ment.
The sth resolution lays down a platform simi
lar, in substance, if not in its very words, to that
of the Georgia State Convention of last Decem
ber. The majority declares that, to avoid agita
tion, it was deemed unnecessary to submit the
action of the Convention to the decision of the
people for their approval or rejection- They
also expressed the opinion, that the call of the
Convention, by the Legislature,was unauthorized
by the people, and an unwarranted assumption
of power. A resolution was passed declaring )
that the agitation of the slavery question at the
North was dangerous and might be attended
with the most serious consequences.
Such is the substance of all the resolutions
adopted by the Convention, except the Ith, and
one other, which was introduced to express the
views of the Convention on Stale resistance. —
VVe give the 4th as follows, and shall show the
nature of the qualifications.
Resolved further. 4th. That in the opinion of
of this Con vention, the asserted rights of seces
sion Irom the Union, on the part of the State, or
States, is utterly unsanctioned by the Federal
Constitution, which was framed to “establish”
and not to destroy the Union of the States, and
that no secession can in tact take place, without a
subversion of the Union established, and which
will not virtually amount in its effects and con
sequences, to a civil revolution.
This utterly denies the right of secession, a
right which belongs to each State as one of the
creators ol the government. We thought it was
compatible with common sense even, that the
creator is not weaker than the creature, and sub
ject to its arbitrary will, and yet the majority
of the Mississippi Convention holds such an ab
surd and abject opinion.
The Convention says in the sth resolution :
“ Violations of the rights of the people of the
State may occur which would amount to into
lerable oppression, and would justify a resort to
measures of resistance.”
What kind of resistance ? Did not the Con
vention know that aggressions might occur
which would justify secession, and, yet, the ma
jority held that the State had no such right, thus
leaving her citizens subject to banishment, confis
cations, chains and the halter, if unable to main
tain, by force of arms, their withdrawal from a
Union which oppressed and degraded them.
Such was the platform of the majority of the
i Convention, representing what is call in Mis
sissippi, the Union party.
The report of the minority of the committee
was. of course, rejected. That represented the
views of the Southern' Rights party.
The minority held that
“They deem it inexpedient, that the State of
1 | Mississippi should take any new position on the
i subject ol slavery. They hold, that the rights
j and wrongs of the Stale, have been fully set forth
and expounded in the October Convention of
IS4‘J. Tl at they are unwilling that any other
or distinct State, should be permitted to make a
position, or pledge the action of the sovereignty
• of the State of Mississippi, touching the Union
• or the slavery question ; as she has already de
-1 veloped the piinciples upon which she can assert
t the one, or vindicate the other.”
’ The minority declared that they acquiesced in
the decision of the people of Mississippi, as ex-
J pressed in the result of the September election,
e and added:
:t Yet. we feel bound to say. that we do not and
cannot regard the election in September last, as
an expression, by the people, in favor of the jus
tice and wisdom of the whole series of these
measures, but rather, as a reluctant assent to them,
in preference to any course which might endan
ger the Union of the States, or jeopardize the
safety ol the South. A high regard for the truth
of history, and a keen sense ol the rights ol the
South, demand the assertion, that we consider
the people as protesting against a portion ol the
Compromise measures, and as being unwilling
that those measures, shall ever Nereafter I-■ in
voked as precedents of right against them •ne
future legislation ofthe general government
The minority emphatically maintained the
right of State secession—the right of a State to
withdraw from the Union, without being sub
ject to the pains and penalties of rebels and trai*
tors. Differing with the majority, they hold
that the Convention was lawfully called, and
asserted, that, unless such were the fact, they
had no right to remain in session a single hour.
We need enlarge no farther upo the views of
the minority. We have shown enough to con
vince those who are acquainted with the true
doctrines of the ol and Republican
parties, that the Union party, of Mississippi, :s
with the former, and the Southern Rights or
Democratic party, with the latter. State sover
eignty—State secession will he the last stay
and defence of the States of this Union, particu
larly of the Southern States, in those dire ex
tremities to which they may he reduced. Hence,
it is depressing to see so large a party, in Missis
sippi, offering up their State, almost as a smok
ing sacrifice, to the insatiable demands of the
monster of Consolidation. Our hope is. that the
people, having been deceived, will yet arouse
from such dreary impositions, and cast off such
doctrines, as fraught with the destruction both of
their rights and liberty.
A friend has furnished us the following notice,
of new publications, with the request that we
will publish:
Angklololy. —Remarks and rellections touch
ing the agency and ministration of Holy Angen.
By George Clayton. Henry Kernot, New York.
A hook in which the author shows research,
piety, and much earnestness of purpose, all tlircei
perhaps, essential adjuncts to the completion ot
any work designed to do better than merely
please. We commend Angelology especially to
our lady readers, and through them to the less
easily moved portion of the human race.
Caius Graf.chus —A Tragedy, by Louisa G-
McCord, published by Henry Kernot, N. York.
Tragedy may scarcely he supposed the fort of
any lady. Yet the fair author of “ Caius Grae
chus” has succeeded in producing a play of ster
ling worth and interest. Os course the most
moral people-folks, who won’t he seen in the
dress circle of a Theatre, may read a Drama; and
to all such, and to all general readers, we may
recommend a perusal of this volume.
A private despatch, from Savannah
dated Dec. 10, 8.30, P. M., says: “ Sales to-day
reach 2,400 hales. No advance.”
Oregon papers contain further accounts of the
discovery of gold, in large quantities, in Queen
Charlotte’s Island. The gold is found on the
surface of the ground near the beach, and is dug
by the natives in great quantities, without any
thing like a pick or shovel; having nothing hut
such tools as they can make themselves, they
manage to get from two to eight ounces per day
to one hand. They are friendly to the whites,
and are anxious to have them come and trade
and dig with them. Queen Charlotte’s Island
is in the North Pacific Ocean, and can be reached
in about seven days’ sail from Oregon city.
The prizes of the Lottery of gold ingots were
drawn in Paris on the 16th ult., in the presence
of a large concourse of spectators. A journey
man hair dresser obtained the prize of 200,000
francs, and an engine driver on a rail way the
first prize of 400,000 francs.
Four persons were killed, and some twenty
or thirty more or less injured, on the night of
the Ith inst., in consequence ot a collision hav
ing taken place on the Hudson River Railroad,
near Peekskill between two passenger trains.—
Several of the cars were much damaged.
Another General gone. —We learn from N.
Orleans Delta, that Gen. Belknap recently died
on the Brazos in Texas. This is the tenth Gene- ‘
ral who has died since the Mexican war. Gen.
Belknap was in the principal battles, under Get.
Taylor, in the Mexican war. At the battle oi
Buena Vista he was Adjutant-General, and com
manded the advance.
The Bank of the State of North Carolina ha s
declared a Semi-annual Dividend of Five per cent
—making an Annual Dividend of Ten and a
quarter per cent, that this institution has declared
for the year 1851.
%jT At the election for Directors of the Au
gusta Insurance & Banking Company, on Mon
day last, the following gentlemen were elected)
viz : Wm, M. D'Antignac, Haysßowdre, Lewis
Cress, Lambeth Hopkins, James Hope. At a
subsequent meeting of the Board, Wm. M. D’An
tignac was re-elected President.
An Error Corrected. —Before tho mooting of
the Legislature, from all the information wo could
then obtain, we bolieved there was a majority of de
mocrats elected. But since the meeting of that body,
from tho information obtained of tho members them
selves, and from every other quarter, we are con
vinced that thero is a majority of Whigs in both
Houses. — Fed. Union, 9th iust.
Municipal Election.— On Saturday las’,Dr.
George D. Case was elected Mayor of this City,
and the following gentlemen were elected Al
dermen: Messrs. W. A. Harris, W. T. Wright,
C. C. Carr, N. Hawkins, M. D. McComb and
Peter Fair. — lb.
Who has reen cheated. —We wish our
friends throughout the State to remember that
Mr. Toombs did not vote for the Democratic
candidate for Speaker or Clerk of Congress, as it
was promised he wo: Id do, when he was elec
ted Senator. We wish them also to notice the
important fact, that neither of the Union men
from this State voted for the National Democra
tic candidate for Speaker, whilst Mr. Jackson
and Mr- Bailey the two Southern Rights Demo
crats did vote for him. It can now be seen very
plainly which is the real Democratic party in the
State, and which acts with the National Demo
cracy.—Federal Union. 9th imt.
NEW SERIES —VOL. VI. NO. 147
[communicated.]
Messrs. Editors: —As your oolumns have been
used by an anonymous correspondent for the
purpose of intimating, that those entrusted with
the management of the Medical College, have
been wanting in respect to the remains of him
who contributed so much of his talent and en
ergy to the foundation of the institution, it be
comes proper that your readers be also put in
possession of the facts on this subject.
In the first place, then, your correspondent"
errs in affirming, that “ it was at the urgent so
licitations of the Medical Faculty, that his
friends allowed his remains to be interred in the
College Yard.” The Faculty were never, either
collectively or individually, even consulted as to
the propriety of such a step. It was done en
tirely under the direction of the Mayor of the
city, who was, doubtless, actuated by the lauda
ble desire to do honor to the remains ol an illus
trious fellow-citizen, who had just fallen a vic
tim to the prevailing pestilence. In matters
of taste, men are permitted’to differ, dnd, I doubt
that many will now be found to concur witu the
Honorable Mayor t as. to the a, propriatene? 3 of
the precise spot selected.. Be this as it ma;, the
grave being in front of the College edifice, the
Faculty did, at one of their earliest meetings i
after the sad event which left vacant the seat of
one of their most respected colleagues, take into
consideration, the course they should adopt, in
order to do proper honor to the remains of their
lamented brother. The propriety of erecting an
elevated monument over the giave, was mature
ly weighed, without any regard, whatever, to
cost, and it was determined, as more in accord
ance with good taste, as well as usage, to place
near the Lecture stand, which had been so ably
filled by the deceased, a nfcat tablet, upon which
a suitable inscription should commemorate the
leading traits of his character—and also to cover
the grave with a massive slab, placed upon a
firm foundation, and so near the earth as not to
be liable to the dilapidation so commonly ob
served in cemeteries, where they are more ele
vated.
The tablet, in the Lecture Room, is of the
purest Italian marble, of exquisite finish, and
bears the following inscription:
In memory of
MILTON ANTONY, M. D.,
Founder of this College,
A martyr to humanity and to tho dutios of his
profession,
During the fatal Epidemic of 1839.
Cheered by religious faith through the griefs and
trials of this life,
lie passed from tho cure of tho sick to tho
sleep of tho just,
Amid the tears and blessing f of tho poor.
True to his own favorito maxim,
That a virtuous will is almost omnipotent.
Ho overcame by study tho defeats of education.
And pationtly toiling to ominonco, bequeathed to
postority,
A noblo examplo of genius and industry,
Animated and diroctod by patriotism and benovo
lonco.
Upon the marble slab which covers the grave,
may be read the following epitaph:
Mortnlc, Quidquid, llabuit, Hie, Doposuit,
MILTON ANTONY, M. D.,
C'onditor, Collegii, Modiei, Georgiensis.
Exogit, monumentum, A3ro, Perennius.
Vixit, Annos, Quinquagiuta.
Obiit, Dio, xix. Septcmbris,
A. D. MDCCCXXXIX.
Which may he translated thus:
Hero repose the mortal remains of
MILTON ANTONY, M. D.,
The foamier of the Modical College of Goorgia.
He has erected a monument rnoro durable than brass,
lie departed this lifo in the fiftieth year of his age,
September 19, A. D., 1839.
The Faculty consisted then, as it does now,
of the personal friends of the deceased, and
could scarcely be presumed less mindful of the
respect due, in this case, to the dead, than
other members of the community. They have
done what they deemed most suitable, under
the circumstances, and although their views
of propriety and good taste may not accord
with those of all other persons, they can cer
tainly not be censurable for this.
Mbdicvs.
(Correspondence for the Baltimore Sun.)
Thirty-Second Congress—First Session.
Saturday, Dec. 6, 1851.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
After the reading of the Journals, several
members attended, and were sworn in by the
Speaker.
The Treasurer's accounts were laid before the
House, and ordered to be printed.
Mr. Evans, of Maryland, called the attention
of the House, to the. report of the Coast Survey,
and moved that it be laid on the t -ble and prin
ted, to the extent of 10,000 copies—one-half for
the use of the Coast Survey, and the other for
that of the Bureau. The present document, he
said, is one of unusual importance, and ap
plications would be made for it by com
mercial men from all parts of the globe.
The coast survey had never been able to fullil
the orders that had been hitherto received. He
went on to show the increased importance of
the present document, by which upwards of two
thousand new geographical positions of the high
est importance to commerce and navigation, had
been determined. It was highly desirable, there
fore, that it should be extensively circulated
among commercial men everywhere. He con
cluded by again adverting to the valuable details
of the report, which it was usual to move should
be printed.
Mr. Bayly. of Virginia, admitted that the im
portance of the report could not be over-rated,
but the demand, he said, could not be met by the
department or the coast survey; but must be sup
plied by the chart makers.
Mr. Jones, of Tennessee, contended that the
report ought; to be referred to the Committee on
Printing: and this being the opinion ol the Speak
er, Mr. Evans agreed that his motion should lie
over for that purpose, having in v ie\\ 'num
ber of copies and the disposal of them, as he had
proposed, t was therefore laid on the table,
there being no objection, to its being referred to
the committee on printing when it shall be ap
!>°Mr. Stevens, of Pa., moved that the House ad
journ till Tuesday, which was carried by a vote
of 113 in the affirmative, and the House stands
adjourned accordingly.
There was no meeting of the Senate to-dajr.