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CONSTITUTIONALIST.
AUGUSTA. GK4.
SUNDAY MORNING, MAY 6, 1866.
Our New York Correspondence.
New Yokk, April 30,1806.
It was as early as last October, I think, that,
with reference to the probable c»ul»e of the
dominant povfer at Washington respecting the
rchabiliment of the Southern States in their
suspended powers under the Constitution ol
the United States, I told your readers that their
representatives would not be admitted to the
Congress which was then about to assemble ,
and that it was the Intention of the Radicals,
if they found the scheme practicable, to delay
reconstruction until after the election lor Presi
dent in 1868.
We have at last the long report of the “ Re
construction Committee,” and it demonstrates
that the entire programme will be adhered to,
if possible. It is substantially this :1. The
Southern people shall not be restored to the
exercise of their rights until a Radical shall oc
cupy the Presidential chair, to debauch them
with the executive patronage. 2. If the South
ern States will not admit negroes to vote, they
shall be deprived of a portion of their just
representation in Congress. 3. If, in the pro
gress of time, the principle of States Rights
should be again acknowledged by the Federal
authorities, and it should be deemed just to re
imburse some of the sacrifices made in its de
fense, it shall, nevertheless, not be done. 4.
The Southern States to be governed as con
quered territory until these preposterous de
mands are submitted to, and engrafted upon
the Constitution of the United States.
Now, what are the prospects of this scheme
for success? It will go through the present
Rump Congress by the necessary two-thirds
vote. That’s certain. Even Mr. Bingham, of
Ohio, has united in the report; and he is among
the most Conservative of Republicans. Butthe
situation is not without its advantages. It will
compel P-esirtent Johnson to choose between
his friends and the friends of the country, and
their enemies. His late attitude is no longer
Wimble.
The intense but suppressed hatred with which
the mass of Republicans regard President John
son, begins at last to be acknowledged. I am
told'that leading Conservative Republicans have
recently spoken of it as a phenomenon in the
phases of public temper. Do the Southern
people hate Butler ? Then they may imagine
how the Radicals hate Johnson. And be can
no more placate them than could Butler hope
to regain the good opinion of the ladies of New
Orleans.
Recently, while in company' with several gen
tleman of both parties an article published in
Secretary Seward’s home organ, deprecating
the existing situation, as provocative of violent
scenes at the capital, was referred to, when a
Radical promptly proclaimed his readiness for
more war, rather than abate one jot of the
Radical programme.
It is a great mystery that President Johnson
does not change his Cabinet. Since Secretaries
Seward and Stanton went to the White House
and bullied him, neither pretend to any sort of
support to his policy. Their conversations
with their political friends assume a tone of
apology for the President. “We have got him
on our hands,” said Secretary Seward, the other
day, “and we must make the best we can of
him for the next three years.”
This would indicate that he does not joinin'
the scheme of impeachment.; but the Radicals
now say Johnson uses opium inordinately, and
that his mind is already shattered from this
cause. They have evidently not given up the
purpose of expelling him from office on some
pretext.
Here we have brought to mind the mischiev
ous influence exerted by certain journals print
ed in our midst, for “Southern circulation.”
One of them in this city, has recently entered
upon an untimely comparison between Federal
arid Confederate generals. Every careful and
just thinker must know that this matter is one
that may be safely left to the history that will be
written in a less impossioned period. The
assertion ot that merit in the Confederate offi
cers which all must feel to be theirs, is not now
called for. But when coupled with a contemp
tuous decrying the Federal Generals, it threatens
great mischief in a crisis that may not be far off.
It is enough to fix, as a mile stone', how for we
have advanced in the history of the Republic,
that we arc engaged in canvassing the bias of
the army on the political situation. When, be
fore, did we care to know the politics of a
General ?
It should be understood that Generals Grant,
Sherman and Sheridan achieved their advance
ment in the Federal army, on the ruins of
McClellan, Buell and Fitz John Porter, who
were driven into retirement by Radical clamor.
There are, therefore, the Grant—Sherman
“ wing” in the Federal army, and the remains
of the old McClellan clique, which probably
acknowledges General Sykes, formerly of the
fifth army corps, as its head. Os course, the
Grant—Sherman ' wing, with the aid of the Sec
retary of War, has no difficulty in controlling
the army. The course, of these extreme pro-
Southern, Northern journals, is calculated to
excite the bitter hostility of the dominant army
influence to President Johnson and his policy ;
and, in case of collision with Congress, deprive
them of a power that may be decisive in its in
fluence.
In a recent bankruptcy case in New Hamp
shire, it trauspired that the Republicans had
been the supporters of an extreme “Copper
head” organ, and it is well known that one of
the most impractible of these journals publish
ed in this city exists through the connivance of
Republican officials, by which it receives a large
amount of public patronage. Such journals
attemptj to save their employees by -the con
stant advancement, in the name of Democracy,,
of conceits about as practicable as the attempt
of the bull to butt the locomotive off the track.
They are constantly quoted in the Republicans,
as the real exponents of Democratic policy, aud
thus do mischief to the cause they profess to
advocate. For, magnanimous as it might seem,
even Northern Democrats arc not in favor of
restoring Lee, Johnston and Beauregard to the
Federal army, with rank equal to Grant’s, Sher
man’s and Sheridan’s; nor are they in favor of
transferring Admiral Semmes to the Federal
navy with his full rank. The advocacy of such
a proceeding, (which I am sure never would be
entertained by the distinguished Confederates I
have named,) rouses a thousand prejudices, all
injurious in their influence. And certainly, the
South have enough of these, with falsehoods,
to contend against, without unnecessarily add
ing to their number.
Willoughby.
Bad Eggs.— John C. Ford, Captain One
Hundred and Sixty-Third Company, Veteran
Reserve Corps, convicted of stealing by court
martial, at Mobile, and sentenced to a year in
the penitentiary and a fine of ten thousand dol
lars, has been pardoned by President Johnson.
Lieutenant Colonel Bryant, Third United
States negro artillery, has been dishonorably
dismissed the service at Memphis.
Captaiu T. W. Greenwood, U. S. A., is on
trial before a court-martial, afMobile, for re
ceiving property stolen by soldiers at Bladen
Springs, Alabama, knowing it to be stolen, and
screening the thieves.
We learn by General Canby’s General Order,
No. 34, kindly sent us, that those unworthy of
ficers of the colored troops, Captain W. T.
Goodwin, of the Sixty-Fifth Colored Infantry,
who cheated several men out of part of their
pay, and told falsehoods about it; and Captain
M. Billstone, who sold hay and oats belonging
to the United States to citizens, have been sen
tenced to make good the damage and be dis
missed the service.
The convictions of Lieutenant H. M. Roberts,
Sixty-Fifth Colored Infantry, who, it is said,
got so drunk as to lie in the guttem; and of
Lieutenant F. E. Erker, Eighty-First Colored
Infantry, who was found lying in a drug store,
in a drunken and helpless condition, as it was
said, were not approved, because General Can
by thought the evidence inconclusive, though
in the latter case there was strong presumptions
of guilt.— New Orleans Picayune , 24th ult.
Florida Railroad. —We learn from the
Fernandina Courier , of 24th inst., that at
a meeting of the stockholders of this road, held
at their office in Gainesville, on the 21st instant,
the following named gentlemen were chosen
Directors:
D. L. Yulce, President, F. C. Barrett, Secre
tary, E. N. Dickerson, Marshall O. Roberts, A.
H. Cole, Philip DeU, James B. Dawkins, H. A.
Corley and James T. Thomas.
Severe but Just. —Tho Richmond Times is
responsible for the following : “The editor of
the National Intelligencer is greatly to be envied.
He has a complete file of the Washington
Chronicle, in the eolumus of which tho “ dead
didapper ” has been turning somersaults once
a week for ijye years. During the last hall
decade Forney has daubed with praise and be
spattered with mud every prominent politician
and lending pleasure. With this terrible record
of his innumerable apostaefcs at his elbow, the
editor of the Intelligencer is enabled to impale
the “dead duck” at least three times a week.
If he quacks forth liis abuse of any distin
guished personage, it is simply necessary to
turn to the Chronicle to find the most fulsome
and sycophantic flattery of that very person by
Forney. If he denounces any public measure,
straightway the Intelligencer reproduces from
the editorial columns of the Chronicle the most
violent advocacy of that very measure.
“Providence having wisely provided every
animal with an epidermis sufficiently thick to
protect its owner, Forney is, of course, pro
tected, like a crocodile, with a skin of uncom
mon thickness. Occasionally, however, the
harpoon of the Intelligencer is driven so very
deep that he rises to the surface and * spouts
blood.’
“ For months past the 1 dead duck’ has
clamored for the trial, conviction and execu
tion of Mr. Jefferson Davis. Tlie desire of
Forney for the death of Mr. Davis dates, it is
said, from the refurnishing of the illustrious
prisoner’4 wardrobe last winter, as the wearing
apparel of the victim is always the perquisite
of the hangsman, and no species of plunder
comes amiss with Forney. In the midst of his
hoarse, red-mouthed yells for the blood of Mr.
Davis, the Intelligences• reproduced an editorial
of Forney’s highly eulogistic of Mr. Davis,
which article was written after the first battle
of Bull Run. This center shot was more than
even the 1 dead didapper’ could stand, and his
efforts to wriggle out of the difficulty are in
tensely fun Dy. His admiration for the late
President of the Confederate States was at
tributable, no doubt, to the proximity of the
Confederate forces to Washington. Had the
lortunes of war placed the Federal capital in
the hands of the Confederates, everybody
knows perfectly well that in ten minntes after
the fall of the city Forney would have crawled
to the JVhite House and humbly sought the
post of tbrgan grinder to the very man for
whose blood he is now so clamorous. If pub
lished in Salt Lake City the Chronicle would
advocate polygamy, and if irt the Fejee Islands
it would stoutly recommend cannibalism.”
Historical Fact. —lt is a fact that the Dem
ocratic party has always sustained every incum
bent of the Presidential chair who has defended
the Constitution, and the anti-Demoerats have
heartily opposed all such. The only three
Presidents ever elected by the anti-Demoerats
were Harrison, Taylor and Lincoln. Each died
in the Presidential office, and were succeeded
by Vice Presidents elected by the same party.
In each case the anti-Demoerats quareled with
the Vice Presidents because they would insist
on being guided by the Constitution—and they
each, in turn, bad to (brow themselves lor sup
port on the Democratic party. These are sig
nificant historical facts. What do they teach ?
[New Haven Register..
Great Freshet. —The Mobile Register
learns from a gentleman who has just arrived
from West Point, Miss., that in consequence
of the rain, which commenced on Monday
night, and has continued throughout the week,
with scarcely an intermission, the Mobile aud
Ohio railroad is impassable above West Point,
In many places above that point the road has
been washed away, and the prairie country if}
all inundated. All the streams are out of their
banks, and a great number of cattle have been
drowned. The damage fr.om this flood will lie
incalculable, as nearly all the crops will be
destroyed.
Irish Girls Selling their Hair.—A
French journal says that Ireland furnishes the
chief portion'of the false plaits worn nowa
days by Parisian ladies, and if the Corps Legis
latif would only bring in n bill for putting a
taxon the importation of Jrish hair into the
empire, France might, without damaging her
budget, abolish the stamp duty on newspapers.
Georgia Items.
Mr. Levi S. Russell was elected Judge and
Mr. John O. Ferriil Solicitor of Chatham
County Court at an election held in Savannah
on the 2d instant.
Col. Z. T- Connor, long an influential citizen
of Macon, and c.wlouel in the late war, died
near that city on the 29th ult.
The dwelling of Dr. Josiali Florney, near
Fort, Valley, was consumed by fire on Friday
night. This is tbc second dwelling the Doctor
has lost by fire.
The Albany Patriot gives a gloomy account
of the cotton prospects in that section. The
plant is dying out even where it came up well,
and in other cases much of the seed failed to
come up, The cause is supposed to be the use
of old seed that had lost a measure of its vitality
from age.
Harry L. Flash is at present in Macon.. The
Telegraph says: It may not be amiss to say that
Mr. Flash still retains his interest in the Tele
graph, being tlie proprietor of a third of the
property.
We see it stated that Justice Wayne, of the
Supreme Court, and Judge Erskine", of the U. 8.
District Court for Georgia,were to have left. New
York for Savannah by last Saturday’s steamer.
An Attempt at Rqbhery—The Robber
Killed.—On last night, while Mr. John C.
Herrington was on Fourth street, returning to
his home, he was accosted by a man named
McCormick, who demanded of him his money,
when Herrington told him he had but seventy
five cents, when the robber said that was just
the amount he wanted. Herrington told him
he could not get it, and McCormick told him
he should have it. By this time Herrington
had arrived at his home, when he went in and
told McCormick if he did not desist he would
shoot him; but McCormick was bent on
having money, and follow ed him up, when
Herrington drew a double-barreled shot gun,
and killed him. At an examination held be
fore Justices Burnett and Clark, the prisoner
was discharged, it being derided a case of justi
fiable homicide.—f Macon Journal A Messenger.
Unfortunate. —Some time during Saturday
night, a young girl called at the house of a min
ister in Macon, and asked to see him. The
minister-being out she insisted on coming in to
await his return. She was admitted to the
house; but in a few minutes she complained of
feeling: ill, and thought a walk in tlie garden
would help her. She went out and after being
absent an unreasonable length of time returned,
looking very pale, but saying that she felt much
relieved. In a short time she took her depar
ture without awaiting the return of the min
ister.
On Sunday morning the gardner, an old negro
man, found a new born babe in the garden
where the unnatural mother had deposited it to
die. But the child, a tine boy, was still living,
and was cared for by a negro woman.
The brutal mother was looked up, and after
considerable effort was induced to confess that
the child was hers, but she obstinately refused
to take charge of it. In the meantime the child
is receiving every attention.
Disappeared. —The young woman who act
ed so unfeelingly in regard to her ill-gotten off
spring, has disappeared, aud, it is thought, has
committed suicide.
After the unfortunate woman was run off
from her hoarding house, she was humanely
cared for by some few gentlemen, charitably
disposed and a place provided for her. On
Monday night, at a late hour, the colored wo
man who had her in charge, had occasion to go
out to procure some necessary things, and on
her return the unfortunate girl was missing.
She was seen going towards Rose Hill ceme
tery by various parties, and it is thought she
precipitated herself into the Ocmulgee. Should
she have done so, may she find tlie Eternal
Judge more lenient than public opinion.
[Macon Telegraph.
Public Meeting.
At a public meeting of county Os Baldwin at
Milledgeville, it being announced that our fel
low-citizen, Captain Thomas W. White, agent
of the Freedmen’s Bureau, was about to retire
from his ofliee, and that all the criminal pow
ers of that office had been transferred to tlie
State Justice of the Peace —a special meeting
was organized, calling Captain John Jones to
the chair, and Captaiu Howell Cobb as Secre
tary.
The business of the meeting being explained,
on motion, the chair appointed the following
committee to report a resolution expressive ot
the meeting, viz: Colonel William McKinley,
Dr. George D. Case and Oscar V. Brown, Esq.
After consultation, the committee reported the
following resolution, which was unanimously
adopted:
Resolved, Thut in-view of the happy and quiet
state ot affairs in Baldwin connty, in regard to
the free negroes, resulting from the judicious
exercise of his powers as Freedman’s Bureau
agent, by Capt. Thomas W. White, we, the peo
ple ot the county, hereby tender to Captain
w bite our hearty thanks and commendation for
the enlightened, moderate and useful adminis
tration ot his office among us, and hereby ac
knowledge our public obligations to him on his
retirement.
On motion of Dr. William A. Jarratt, it was
resolved that the proceedings be published in
the Milledgeville papers, and the meeting 1
adjourned.
John Jonhs, President.
Howell Cobb, Jr., Secretary. v
Milladgaville, April 28th, 1866.
(From the Richmond Examiner.
Yankee Literature—Now and Tlien.
Mr. James F. Shunk, of New York, recently
delivered an address at Bedford, Pennsylvania,
on “ The Abolition Literature of the North.”
The address is an able review nnd analysis of
the writings under consideration, and shows
what a striking contrast there i» bet ween the
present radical devotion to the Union and the
avowed hate of the same parties to it a few
years ago. He investigates the claims of New
England to her boasted intellectual superiority,
and says, truly enough :
Tell me how many kits of mackerel or pound,
of codfish were cuught last, year on tint Yankee
coast under the stimulus ot the ononnuim
Government bounty'; how many yards of calico
and bales of shoddy were thrown mu by the
mills of Lowell; bow many bushels ot unions
Weatherstield and Iter fragrant sister towns east
upon the market; how runny cheese came iVoiu
the dairies of Connecticut, and how main
clams from the shores of Rhode Island, and I
can form some idea of how much the country
owes New England for her annual contribution
to the common stock of wealth. But books
belong to a class of merchandise widely differ
ent to all these. Their qualitg is the ureas tire
of the debt rve owe the people who give them
to us. Their bulk, their weight, their numbers,
avail nothing toward an estimate of tint mlnil
from which they emanate. A pocket copy of
Shakspearc is worth all the trash under w itieli
the presses of New England ever groaned, all
the millions of pages which her diligent scrib
blers ever fastened between two covers. To
thank a nation of untiring literary hacks sim
ply for giving you plenty ol books, is to rate
poetry with cheese and codfish.
The original Abolitionists, as he well main
tains, were infidels, who discarded the Bible
and scoffed at it, because it gave them no aid
and comfort in their political tenets. Holy
Writ was subordinated to a “higher law,” and
these pious Puritans patronized Garrison’s
Liberator, which bore at its head the seditious
motto: “The Constitution of the United
States is a covenant with death and an agree
ment with hell.” Their daring blasphemy is
well delineated in the following paragraph :
Theodore Parker, their ablest writer, could
not conceal his scorn for the popular faith in
the Redeemer. He spoke of Christ as a man of
considerable talents and lair character, per
sonally unpopular because somewhat in ad
vance of his age. He sneered at the Lord’s
Supper, in so many words, as “ mere eating of
baker's bread, and. drinking of grocer's wine." —
Abby Kelley took somewhat different ground,
and, byway of reconciling her brethren to the
plan of salvation, roundly asserted that Jesus
Christ was a negro. Their newspapers, their
tracts, their anniversary addresses, the stump
speeches with which, under the name of ser
mons, they profaned the Sabbath, were stuffed
with such sentiments as these. I think, how
ever, that their blasphemy culminated in the
celebrated declaration of Henry C. Wright,
published in the Liberator —“ If God Almighty
has the power to abolish slavery, and does not do
so immediately, He is a veut great scoun
drel !”
Until they became rulers in the land treason
was the staple ot their daily utterances, and they
had no affection for the “Union” or the “glori
ous stars and stripes,” until they had the (ire
sumption to think themselves the masters of
both. Mr. Shunk well says :
Os the literature of the Abolitionists up to the
time when they grew to be a political force,
little need be said. It consisted chiefly of
newspaper articles, abusing everybody hut
themselves, sermons by divines who got their,
texts out of the “higher law” tracts written by
meddlesome old women in England, biogra
phiesof runaway negroes manufactured by long
haired, hungry scribblers in Boston, and ballads
of- the precise pattern of Greeley’s “Ode to the
American Flag ”:
“Tear down the flaunting lie!
Half mast the starry flag!
Insult no sunny sky
With hate’s polluted lag!” etc.
Contempt for Government was the great dis
tinguished feature of their early writings; hut
whether they despised the government of God,
or that of the Constitution, the Scriptures, or the
flag, tlie most, it is extremely difficult to decide
But a change came over the spirit of their
dream when they triumphed in the election of
Mr. Lincoln. Things before despised assumed
a new value, and literature changed its tone
with marvellous aptitude to suit itself to the
demands of the new situation.
The Abolitionists were now the dispensers
of patronage. Sword and.purse were theirs.—
Tlie nights and liberties of the whole people
were at the disposal of their ruthless will.—
They no longer assembled in cock lofts to hatch
treason; they sent kidnappers swarming over
the country to discern it in men’s eyes, to read
in the color of the ribbons about a baby’s neck
or tlie trimming of its mother’s bonnet, and to
drag these incipient traitors, sucking conspir •
tors and petticoated Catalines, to such dun
geons as the humanity of Beast Butler and his
kind might assign them. The seonters at law
ful power became tlie sticklers for the most
iron despotism. The “polluted rug” and the
“ flaunting lie *’ to which Greeley had address
ed his beautiful ballad, became “ the dear old
flag," and men who had bled under it when
Yankee blue lights were luring the enemy to
our coast, were beaten and imprisoned because
they refused to degrade those grand old colors
by "flinging them to tlie breeze at the bidding
of n brutal mob. Canting wretches who had
wept ov&r the separation ot young niggers in
Hie South ; whose pocket handkerchiefs had
been soaked over tlie agonizing recital by some
lugitive Saipbo of the shock which parting
• from his grandmother (lad cost him, clamored
loudly for a law which rent every dear dome
stic tie known to our blood ; which tore hus
band and wile, mother and son, brother and
sister, asunder and lorever.; which sent the
boss of a household, not to seek their subsist
ance in some new field of labor, but to lay
down their young lives amid tho hideous
scenes of bloody battle, or the want and misery
of a Southern prison ! Tlie “ party of free
dom,” as they still style themselves, proved to
be the party of slavery, whose shackles bound
tlie wrists of their own race.
Os the desecration of God’s houses, Mr.
Sbunk sarcastically, yet truly affirms, that in
tidelity and atheism has seized them for their
own; •
Half the pulpits of the couhtry have ,echoed
during the past five years with the harangues of
wandering intruders who never had a Bible in
their hand, except when they swore on one that
they were too old for the draft. Reverued gen
tlemen have suffered thoir flocks to be address
ed A)y a class ot men whose morals would ex
clude them from any decent household, not to
say any pious one.. The. blasphemer aud the
bigot have fondly embraced each other, and'sit,
cheek by jowl, grinning over the bloodshed and
ruin of the most terrible of civil wars. Stump
speakers have turned preachers anil preachers
have turned stmnp speakers in such vast num
bers, that a church-going man has sometimes
to inspect the pulpit, examine the hymn books
that lie in the seats, look euriyusly up at tjie
organ, and trace out the saintly'figures on tlie
painted glass to stisfy himself that’ lie is not
in a'pot-house, or at a ward meeting. Aisle and
chancel, transept and spire—mere architec
tural outlines—are all that, are left to identify
hundreds of churches in this laud as temples of
God.
The lecturer ably exposes the mean art by
which the Yankees endeavor to inculcate their
vile doctrines, of all kinds, through the me
dium of school books, from the primer up to
the highest text book : and then he examines
the base shirtings of Northern periodicals to
meet the popular taste of its chief supporters.
He takes Harper's Magazine and Weekly as two
notable examples, and denounces them to mer
ited execration. We regret thas we cannot
give the address in extenso, bat our limited
space forbids. We would call particular atten
tion to the two facts; first, that Mr. Shunk is a
citizen of New York, and that he addresses an
audience of Pennsylvanians, who have not the
fear of Thad. Stevens before their eyes. Mr.
Mr. Shunk concludes thus :
I have endeavored merely to sketch tlie evil
and the danger of this Yankee Abolition in
fluence as developed in literature. It is a sub
ject which could not be exhausted in many
addresses, and which I trust will be kept alive
in our newspapers, by our firesides and every
where. The remedy is as simple as the evil is
patent. Let us buy no more of their books, or
only buy those which we have cautiously ex
amined. Ido not propose to exclude the" pub
lications of these Abolitionists from our houses
because tl^ T advocate political views in oppo
sition to irors. I am willing to concede the
largest liberty of thinking upon all public ques
tions, and regard the Abolition fashion of sup
pressing newspapers, imprisoning editors, and
kidnapping speakers as one of the gravest of
crimes. But it is because their books are
grossly immoral, shockingly blasphemous ; be
cause they make a murderer and a horse-thief a
god, and call the Divine Father of us ail a
“scoundrel;” because they teach disobedience
to law as a virtue, aud lawless despotism as the
right of a dominant party ; it is for these
reasons that we should snatch their pol'ntcd
pages from tire fingers of children, and c’osc
our doors against a plague more terrible than
the locust or the lice of Egypt.
Let us beware of the incursions of their
agents, colporteurs aud tract-pedlers. Let us
search a publication which is brought to us by
such hands as carefully as tlie officers of quar
antine inspect an infected ship. Let us en
courage home books, home magazines, home
newspapers, which inculcate at least a decent
reverence for God, and a common respect for
the Constitution. We have the whole range of
English literature from which to fill the shelves
of our libraries, and if we produce fewer hooks
than the Yankees, they are a great, deal better
ones. Let us have the satisfaction of knowing
that those miserable people, if they will persist
in writing falsehoods and blasphemies and
printing them, are also doomed, exclusively, to
the task of paying lor them anil reading them.
Pennsylvania will then become as hopeless a
market for their poetry and their tracts as it is
now for their boots, kettles and all the me
chanical cheats with which they beguiled us
thirty years ago.
Brunswick, Ga. —The location of this infant
city, its facilities lor navigation, and unsurpass
ed lumber territory tributary to it, combine to
give it a prospective importance scarce equalled
by any city South. Lumber will constitute its
chief article of commerce, anil form tlie basis of
its prosperity. There are now “two large saw
mills in operations, and six others commenced,
and as many more breaking ground,” says a
correspondent. It is estimated that the exports
the present year will reach 20,000,000 feet, with
the prospeci of an indefinite increase hereafter.
Hon. Cave Johnson. —This gentleman, for
merly Postmaster General, was recently elected
to the Tennessee State Senate, bn t that body
refused to allow him to take his seat, on the
ground that hs was disloyal during the war.
[ From the New York Herald.
A Contrast—Slavery in Massachusetts
Formerly and Radicalism How.
In looking over a book recently published,
entitled “Notes on the History of Slavery in
Massachusetts,” and comparing the former con
duct ol tho people of that State with their con
duct In the great issues that brought on the war
and that now agitate the country, the contrast
is very striking. To the Puritans of Massachu
setts, and to them more than any other peo
ple, slavery In tills country owed its existence,
rimy Mint began to make slaves of the natives,
the Indians, taken in war. This was in the
earliest period of the colony. But previous to
etislavlllg the Indians they lmd sold into sl'ave
i y «Idle people as a punishment for otfences
against till) laws. Very soon the colonial slave
• fade la gan witli these “ pious Christians.” In
IMI 17 Hugh Peters writes to John Winthrop,
ti'ioii Hulein, as follows: “ Mr. Eudecot and
mvnell salute you tu the Lord Jesus, etc. Wee
have heard of a dlvidunec of women and chil
dren In the buy, and would bee glhd of a share,
\ u A young woman or girlc and a boy if you
thluUii good. I wrote to you for some boyes
lor lieiioMilas, which I tliinke is considerable.”
\V tii 1 1 1 ri >| > says tlmt some of these slaves, who
ran away and were brought in again, were
“ branded nit the shoulder;” and that “the
prisoneis warn divided, some to those of ye
rivci (the Liuumi'tleul. colony) and the rest to
us. Ol l||ese we send the male children to
Hynnuda, by Mr. Wllliniu Pierce, <fc ye women
•Vt. maid elilldreii are disposed aboute in ye
tounes." This Mr. Pierce brought back from
(lie West Indies “some cotton, tobacco and ne
t/rnrs, ele., and salt from Tortugas.” probably
in exchange in part for the Indians sdld. “Long
afterwards Dr. Belknap said of thaslave trade
that llie rum distilled in Massachusmts was the
mainspring of this traffic.” It nroears, too,
that they turned their attention very early to
breeding ol slaves. Josselyn, in his Account
ol Two Voyages to New England, uery quaint
ly describes how a Mr. Maverick want to work
about it, and liow, in one instance, BE met witli
sonic difficulty, for a negro woman, who was
said to have been a queen in her owi country,
not liking the maid she was compelSd to go to
bed with, “ kiekt him out again ; for “ this she
took in high disdain beyond her slavery.”
The secret of the establishment of Indian
slavery’ first and negro slavery afterwards is
found in the desire for gain and power. It is
the same with regard to the abolition and negro
agitation of the present day. The Uiotive of
the “ pious Christians” of New England is the
same, though the object is different. ,
“The first statute establishing slavery in
America is to be found in tlie famous Code of
Fundamentals, or Body of Liberties of the
Massachusetts colony in New England, adopted
in December, 1841.” It reads as follows:
“There shall never be any bond slaverie, vil
linage or eaptivitie amongst ns unless it be law
ful captives taken in just warres and such
strangers as willingly sclle themselves or are
sold to us. And these shall have all the liber
ties and Christian usages which the law ol God
established in Israeli concerning such persons
doetli morally require. This exempts none
troni servitude who shall be judged thereto by
authoritie,” The author of the “Notes” re
marks that tliis statute stood through the whole
colonial period and was never expressly repeal
ed. “It sanctions the slave trade and the per
petual bondage of Indians and negroes, their
children’s children, and entitles Massachusetts
to precedents over any and all otter colonies in
similar legislation. .It anticipates bv many
years anything of the sort to be found in the
statutes ol Virginia, or Maryland, or South
Carolina.”
We might here refer to the history of New
England, and of Massachusetts in particular, all
along up to the period of anti-slavery agitation
to show how active and ardent the people of
that section were in establishing, perpetuating
and defending the institution because it was
profitable to them. There is an abundance of
records to show how they initiated and encour
aged slavery under the pretext of divine au
thority ; how they established the slave trade
and enriched themselves upon it, and how they
carried it on while the people of the South pro
tested against it. Scripture was quoted abund
antly, of .. ourse, to justify all this, as it has been
since in opposition to slavery. It will be said,
doubtless, that the present ago is much more
advanced and enlightened, but the truth is the
conscience of the Massachusetts Puritans is very
flexible. Whatever suit s the interests or notions
ol that people is right. There is, however, a
large amount of hypocrisy iri all tlieir pretense
of humanity and morality. This was apparent
in their former laws and conduct with regard to
slavery, and it is seen to-day in other tilings.
Take Boston, lor example, where there is e
great pretense anil outward show of morality,
while it is well known that there is no place in
the world more immoral. Vice abounds tty-re,
but it is more covered up and secret than else
where. With regard to slavery the opposition
to it in Massachusetts, and in New England
generally did not arise from love of liberty,
philanthropy or regard for the negro. This is
evident if we look at the hard masters and
overseers the people from that section nearly
always made when placed over the slaves. Anti
slavery agitation gratified tlieir disposition for
theorizing and meddling, and gave them an
t insignificant portion of the population the
country compared with the whole political
prominence and power. Radicalism does the
same now. Restless and meddling, they must
have some subject for agitation. If not held in
check the old spirit of Puritan intolerance
which is in them- would ride rough-shod «jvei»
everybody. Wo be to the South just no if if
they had tlieir way. The liberties of the South
erners would be withheld and their lands seized
and appropriated, and Scripture would be
quoted to justify all this, just as it was quoted
to justify slavery and the slave trade in Mas
sachusetts formerly. Although the radical
views of New England to-day appear to be in
direct conflict with those of former times on the
subject of slavery, the spirit and motive of
action are the same. Restless ambition, dog
matism, love ol theorizing, selfishness and in
tolerance are tiie Massachusetts elements from
which sprung slavery and all its evils and from
which sprung our present political troubles.
[From the Montgomery Ledger.
The New York World— General Buell.
The New York World , in ail editorial written
to vindicate the lame of General Buel from
certain charges emanating from General Grant,
calculated to damage the military reputation of
the former oflicer, has fallen into grave errors
of fact and history highly injurious to the re
putation of the Southern armies and command
ers.
We agree with the World that Gen. Buell
has not had justice done him at the hands of
| Gen. Grant and his countrymen in the Nortli
j oru States, in the particular instance referred
i to, and which Gen. Buell himself has ably elu
cidated in a recent letter to the Lieutenant
General. But while we are glad to see Gen.
; Buell’s reputation vindicated from aspersion,
i we cannot consent that Generals Beauregard,
! Bragg, A. S. Johnston, Lee. J. E. Johnston and
others, should sutler in their military reputa
; lions by the publication of palpable errors and
the misstatements ol notorious and authenti
cated facts.
In the article referred to, the World uses the
following language :
It is quite time that some justice was done
to the generals who led the Union armies in
the first two years of the war. The indecisive
battles they fought were what broke the strength
of the South. The Northern armies were the
weakest and the Southern armies the strongest
at the beginning of the war. At first the North
.crn armies lacked in numbers, discipline, ex
perience and material of war.”
.In this short extract, we do not hesitate to
affirm, are several serious assertions that eannot
be substantiated, either by fact or history. In
what battle or battles, during the first two
years of the late civil war, did the Confederate
army outnumber the Union army? That is
the question, and we propose by reference to a
few well known facts concerning the relative
strength of the two armies, to show the serious
errors into whicli the New York World has
fallen, aud how injuriously the publication of
them is calculated to reflect upon the fair fame
of the Confederate officers and forces.
The first important battle occurring the first
year of the war was that of Manassas. In that
engagement, it is well known that McDowell,
the Union general, commanded an aggregate of
about fifty-five thousand men, while Gen. Beau
regard’s Confederate army was really about
twenty-nine thousand, never estimated higher
than thirty-five thousand. Who outnumbered
in that fight, the Union army, or Confeelerates ?
At Fort Donelson, the Confederate army did
not exceed twelve or fourteen thousand men,
while Grant’s could not have been less than
forty-five to fifty-five thousand men. Who out
numbered there ? At the battle of Shiloh, the
Confederate Generals, A. S. Johnston and Beau
regard, did not command a force exceeding
thirty-five thousand, while Grant’s army, on the
first day, was fully forty-five thousand men, re
inforced on the second by a fresh army under
Buell of not less than thirty thousand. It is
true that General Buell estimates the Confeder
ate force, in that conflict at forty-three thousand
men, but in that matter General Buell was sim
ply mistaken. But, conceding that General
Buell was right in liis computation, according
to that officer, Grant largely outnumbered Gen
eral A. S. Johnston, even on the first day for In
his recent letter to the Lieutenant General
Buell says, “You (Grant) liad several thousand
more than your assailant, (A. S. Johnston) and
the simplest disposition of your troops lor bat
tle ought to have secured you the victory ”
In the lighting around Richmond, during
1802, the second year of the war, the same vast
preponderance of force existed in favor of the
Union army over the Confederate. It is now
historical that one of the main allegations
brought, by the Northern people against Gener
al McClellan was that during his operations on
the Peninsula and in front of Richmond, and
which eventually caused his dismissal from the
command of the army of the Potomac was
that he liad wasted a splendid army of one’liun
dred and fifty thousand men without a success
or advantage to show for it. McClellan then
had one hundred and fifty thousand men, while
every intelligent person at the South kuows
that General Lee’s command never exceeded
seventy-live thousand.
At Perryville Buell commanded from seventy
to eighty thousand men, while General Brair°-’s
forty to forty-five thousand. bn
These are some of the facts to which we de
.sire to refer, in order to correct the errors of
the World, and do somewhat of justice to the
gallant officers aiid soldiers of the Confederate
army. We do not claim t hat they are precisely
accurate, but we are confident that they will be
found to approximate to the real figure*
When, then, we repeat, and in what battle, or
battles, during the first two years of the war,
did the Confederate forces outnumber the
Union ? If the times and places eannot be
given it becomes the duty of the World to cor
rect its erreneous and unfounded assumptions,
and let justice be done to the gallant men who
so long and so heroically maintained the un
equal contest.
Most Important Letter from the Commis
sioner of Internal Revenue —Debt and
Taxes of the United States Compared with
those of England—Equalization of Botin*
ties.
The Secretary of the Treasury, in a letter to
Hon. D. A. Wells, Chairman of tho United
States Revenue Commission, states that the bill
reported in Congress for the equalization of
bounties will require an expenditure of three
hundred million dollars, thus requiring au ad
ditional annual payment for interest of some
eighteen millions dollars, and asks “what effect
this proposed increase of the national debt and
annual taxation is likely, in your opinion, to
have upon the finances and dovelopmeut of the
country, and what changes may be necessitated
thereby in our future revenue system and poli
cy.” Mr. Wells replies:
Washington, April, 23,1866.
Sir: In reply to your note of the 19th, rela
tive to the subject of appropriations involving
additional loans pr increased taxation, permit
me to speak without reserve. . .
The country i 6 now passing through a criti
cal period of its financial experience, and it
seems essential that the proposition should be
proclaimed and maintained, lhat the borrowing
period for the nation lias passed: and that
heneeforth, and until another extraordinary
emergency arises, the national expenditures are
to be met by taxation exclusively. Nothing
less can satisfy the holders of the public debt ;
nothing less can sustain national credit at such
a standard as will keep open to the nation the
resource ot loans for future emergencies.
The existing public debt of the United States
(taking accumulated wealth and rate of interest
into consideration) is now comparatively larger
than that of an y of the States or the Old World,
and is only exceeded in actual amount by that
6f Great Britain. It is now proposed to in
crease this enormous debt to such an extent
that the annual interest on the addition will be
nearly equal to one-fourth of the average
annual expenditures of the whole Government
during the decade prior to the commencement
of the rebellion.
The largest amount of revenue ever drawn
from the British people in any one year—irre
spective of loans—has never exceeded three
hundred and seventy millions dollars, while the
amount of revenue which the United States has
drawn during the first three-quarters of the
current fiscal year—by the various forms of di
rect and indirect taxation —has been four hun
dred and ten millions, or at the rate ol upwards
of five hundred and forty millions per annum.
This immense sum, in opposition to the
policy of all other nations, and in defiance of
tlieir experience, has been taken mainly from
the industry of the country. The present large
receipts of revenue cannot, however, be accept
ed as any sure indications of the future; aiul so
long as they are drawn mainly from taxes on
industry they are no satisfactory indications of
the prosperity of the country. For the next
fiscal year, moreover, a large falling off' in re
ceipts,arising from diminished importations,
changes in values and quantities of industrial
products, and from other causes, may be ex
pected. This deficit cannot now be easily esti
mated, but that it be large cannot be doubted,
especially if the country, as now seems proba
ble, is to lie visited by pestilence.
It would seem as it the mere statement of
these facts ought to suffice as an argument
against any immediate increase of our enormous
burden of debt and taxation.
If, however, we further consider the manner
and distribution of the taxation by which the
nation is at present raising its revenues, the ar
gument becomes even more cogent and unan
swerable.
As is well known, the exemption from taxa
tion at present in the United States of any
form of capital, or any process or result of in
dustry, is the exception rather than the rule.—
This system necessarily involves aYnost exten
sive duplication of taxes, and this, in turn, en
tails and maintains an undue enhancement of
prices; a decrease both of production and con
sumption, and, consequently* of wealth ; a re
striction of exportations and of foreign com
merce ; and a large increase in the machinery
and expense of the revenue collection. It needs
no gift of prophecy or trained financial intel
lect to determine the result of a persistency in
such a policy; for nations, like individuals,
have limits to their resources; and nations,
like individuals, may have their patience even
laxed beyond endurance.
A reduction and equalization of national tax
ation lias therefore become not merely expedi
ent but imperative. Circumstances will not,
.however, admit ol a reduction sufficient to give
all the relief demanded by the nation being
made at once. Hitherto, as has been already
stated, a very large portion of the revenue has
been derived from the taxes on industry, or the
capital which directly supports industry, and
comparatively small part from spirits, tobacco,
liquors, legacies aud successions, aud other
sources, which all experience has demonstrated
may be taxed most heavily without in any way
arresting the progress of national development,
indeed, it may be asserted that laws sufficient
to insure the collection of any large revenue
from these latter sources have not yet been
enacted —the existing laws being in may re
spects inoperative upon the statute book.—
Until, therefore, new laws can be enacted, and
tlieir efficiency proved by experience, many of
the worst features of the present revenue sys
tem must tie retained and endured.
• In order to at present raise by taxation a sum
aiffieieut to pay an annual interest of six per
cent, on au addition of two hundred and fifty
millions to the principal of the public debt,
viz. : fifteen millions, the present rate of taxa
tion must be maintained on the following arti
cles, or tlieir equivalents the receipts for the
fiscal year 1805 being assumed as the basis of
the estimate:
Hats, caps, bonnets, coats, vests, pants, over
coats, shirts, collars, stockings, gloves, mittens,
boots, shoes, moccasins, salt, cheap soap,
starch, paints of all kinds, paper of all descrip
tions, books, magazines, pamphlets, maps, en
gravings, and all printed matter, ploughs, har
rows, cultivators, rakes, winnowing mills, hay
and straw cutters, trunks, harnesses, lime, ce
ments, building stones, bricks, stoves, pottery
ware, and window glass, the revenue from the
direct tax on all these articles for the fiscal year
ending June 80,1805, not having been in excess
of fifteen millions of dollars.
If, however, it is urged tha ttlie Government
can afford to relieve all the above enumerated
articles, and many others, from taxation, and
still pay the interest on the proposed addition
to the debt, t reply that- the condition of the
revenue will not at present allow of an exemp
tion of all the necessities of life and all the com
mon forms of industry trom taxation ; and that
! no principle of political economy is better es
i tablished than that a tax upon one of the neees-
I sities or indispensable forms of industry is in
! fact a tax upon all.
Under the above circumstances, therefore, it
i would seem us if nothing but the salvation of
! the nation itself could warrant any immediate
increase of the national liabilities or the peo
ple’s taxes.
Important Revenue Decision.—The fol
lowing decision has just been rendered by the
Commissioner of Internal Revenue - :
Treasury Department, }
Internal Revenue Bureau, >
April 27, 1866. }
All expenses for insurance- upon property,
aud all actual losses in business, 'may be de
ducted from the gross income of the year. But
losses sustained after December 31,1865, eannot
reduce the income for the year. Losses Incur
red in the prosecution of one kind of business
may be deducted from gains in another, but
from those portions of income derived from
fixed investments,-such as bonds, mortgages,
rents,’and-tln; like. Assessors should also be
careful not to allow the deductien of amounts
claimed to have been lost in business, when in
reality tliev should be regarded as investments
or expenditures, as ‘when merchants expend
money in farming or gardening for recreation
or adornment rather than pecuniary profit.
Persons traveling about the country as agents
of manufacturers or dealers, seeking orders (or
goods as agents for one person or firm only,
such as salaried clerks or men hired by the
month, should not he required to take licenses
as commercial brokers.
All parts of decision No. 159 inconsistent
herewith, are hereby revoked.
E. A. Rollins, Commissioner.
The National Express.—This popular com
pany sprang into existence at the close ot the
war as if by the stroke of a magician’s wand.—
The principles on which it is formed must en
dear it to the community both North and South,
and insure for it an unlimited patronage. Mr.
W.T. J. O. Woodward, so long and so favor
ably known through bis former connection with
the Adams’ Express Company, has the entire
charge of the southern portion of the country.,
He is busily engaged now in establishing new
routes and in perfecting the whole system
which, from his long experience, no one un
derstands better than himself. The company
have recently opened ageucies in Florida and in
New Orle ms, and will soon communicate with
every important point wouth of this'place. By
next Fall, when trade commences, goods can
be forwarded all over the country. This is of
immense benefit to the merchant, for the differ
ence in the ireighf. is very slight* and he can ob
tain his goods at least a week in advance of the
ordinary railroad delivery. This company has
a corps of attaches who are thoroughly posted
and who pay prompt attention to all matters
intrusted to them. We are a “go-a-headative’l
people now, and hail every institution of this
sort with pleasure. The day tor old fogyism
and slow coaches has 'past away. This is a
progressive age. “Time waits for no man,” and
The National Express aud Transportation Com
pany can make the fastest time on record. Try
them !—South Carolinian.
Buried Twice and not Dead.—An Ohio
paper tells the following rather singular story :
Four days after the Confederates tired on
Sumter, a son of Mrs. Duncan, of Mecca, Ohio,
enlisted for the war. He joined a Western regi
ment, and was reported killed at Stone River.
His body was brought home aud interred.
Afterwards news was brought to the pareuts by
returned Union prisoners that their son was
not dead, lint in the Confederate prison in
Georgia. Other prisoners returned from there
last spring and brought the news of his death
to the sorely distressed family. When the war
closed an opportunity was offered to penetrate
the lines. Mr. Duncan sent down and had his
son brought hbme again and buried. Having
had him bnrled twice, as was supposed, it was
natural tliat they should be reconciled to then
loss ; but a tew days ago their son Bob, in
spite of his wounds and deaths aud funerals,
came marching home, and is now enjoying the
hospitality of the parental roof.
[From the Bulletin.
DREADFUL RIOT AT MEMPHIS.
THE WAR OF RACES BEGUN.
One of the most dreadful riots that ever oc
curred in tho city of Memphis took place yes
terday afternoon, between 5 and 6 o’clock, on
South street, near the intersection of Oausey
stieet, in which Henry Dunn, ergiueer of No 2
fire engine was killed ; two j ulicemen were
mortally wonuded and seven negroes killed
outright. The frightful affray in which white
persons and negroes were engaged indiscrimi
nately, created the greatest excitement in the
vicinity of the place where it occurred, and the
news spread like wild-fire through every part
of tiie city. People left their stores and their
houses, and rushed in a most excited manner
into the streets. Squads were formed and went
off iu great numbers to the scene of tiie.riot.
Rumors of the most exciting character flew
from mouth to mouth, and the wildest reports
were abroad regarding the number who had
been killed and wounded.
There were at least half a dozen vumors ’rel
ative to the origin of the riot, but the real ori
gin appears to have been as follows : A negro
was driving a wagon along South street about
the time referred to nbove, which came into
collision with another vehicle, of which a young
man (white) was in charge. Words passed be
tween tiie pair as to who was to blame lor the
collision ;■ and finding that they were unable to
settle the matter by words, an appeal was
made to their whips, which they used most
freely over each others shoulders. No one ap
pears to be able to tell who struck the first
blow, but this was forgotten iu the fearful con
sequences that ensued. While the altercation
was going on, several negroes interfered, and
the young man was in serious danger of being
maltreated, when a policeman fortunately made
his appearance at the scene of action. He made
an attempt to seize the negro who was using
the whip, when a pistol was levelled at his
head. He promptly drew his revolver, and
two other members of the force came to his as
sitance. Tiie riot then became general, negroes
flocked to the spot iu great numbers, who com
menced firing at the policemen and at citizens
indiscriminately, and one of the officers, James
Finn, fell mortally wounded at the first volley,
being shot though the groin with a bullet from
a pistol in the hands ol a negro who fired while
only a few paces from the unfortunate policeman.
The other officers nobly stood their ground
although almost overpowered by numbers.
In a few minutes, however, they were rein
forced by members of tiie fire brigade, belong
ing to the No. 2 fire engine, from the Shelby
street station. By this time the firing had be
come general, and a large crowd had collected
at the place. Mr. Henry Dunn, engineer of
No. 2 steamer, accompanied by liis brother
firemen, went gallantly to the support of the
officers, and while doing all in his power to
: quell the riot, he fell, mortally wounded, to the
earth, behig shot through the head by a negro,
i The wound was a fearful one, and the brains
portrnded from the aperture made by the bul
f let. The firemen, who were armed with hose
; keys and revolvers, after carrying tlieir wound
ed comrade into au adjacent drug store, where
, he received every attention, but it was of no
l avail, returned to the support of their comrades
- and their officers. Many citizens from the ad
■ joining streets joined in the affray, and, by
, well-directed volleys, several negroes, who had
■ taken an active and an early part in the riot, were
slain in the affray.
f At this time (six o’clock) the riot was at its
i height, and officers Slattery aud Mallon, the
> only policemen who had arrived on tiie ground,
laid fallen severely wounded. In the meant ime
• a messenger had been dispatched to the police
i office for reinforcements, and fortunately Mr.
• Sheriff Winters happened to be in the office at
- the time. He got into a vehicle and drove down
at a rapid rate to the navy yard, to solicit from
Major General Stoueman, the general com
r manding this district, the assistance of the
• troops under his command, to quell the riot.
- Sheriff Winters states that General Stoueman
- replied, when he made the request, that as the
■ citizens of Memphis had petitioned to have tiie
troops removed from tiie city, they would be
required to protect themselves as best they could
• as he had no troops at his disposal for that pur
pose. The duly having devolved on the sheriff
to quell the disturbance, lie took the most
i prompt measures to do so. He returned with
out delay to the station, summoned all the
policemen he could procure, and, accompanied
, by Captain B. G. Garrett, Chief of Police, the
, men were marched to tiie scene oi action.—
As they moved along the streets at the
“ double-quick,” Sheriff Winters summoned
every citizen whom he met to take his
place in the column, in order that
lie might have an efficient posse commilatus to
put down tiie riot vi et armis , if it were n/eces
: sary. As they passed along they met many af
frighted citizens coming into the city lor assist
ance, who reported tiie mob of negroes to be of
the most formidable dimensions. Sheriff Win
ters and Captain Garrett gave orders to their
, men to be prepared for any emergency. Re
’ volvers were got out, and when the officers
■ reached the ground they found the negroes
drawn up in almost regular line of battle. All,
or nearly all. were in uniform, and each one
■ was armed witli a revolver. The officers were
saluted with a volley on their arrival, which
1 they quickly returned, doing some good execu
tion. A negro, who seemed to act as She ring
■ leader, fell at the first fire. This caused a gene
i ral stampede to be made by the negroes, who
were closely pursued by the officers, firing ra
pidly. At this juncture, a policeman in chase
of a negro, who had been an active participant
in t he affray, observed Judge Leonard on horse
back, aud going up to him, r nienacingly, pistol
in hand, ordered him to go in pursuit ol' tiie
colored individual, who was running at a rapid
rate down the street. Judge Leonard imme
diately went off in pursuit, but "the negro
sought tiie shelter of a cabin near at hand and
escaped.
Sheriff Winters, with his posse, then proceed
ed to scour the streets with the men under liis
command, and ordered all the negroes to Re
turn to their dwellings, which all didpromptly,
• fearful of consequences if they dared to
disobey the order. The riot, which had attain
ed most formidable dimensions, was thus
promptly quelled. While the Sheriff and Cap
tain Garrett were scouring the streets with their
forces, a captain of the regular army, witli a
portion of a company belonging to the Six
teenth regiment of regulars, arrived on the
ground. One or two shots were fired by the
negroes after the military made their appearance,
but the sight of their fixed bayonets, and the
determined bearing of the posse commit at us,
caused them to fly, without loss of time, to their
dwellings in the vicinity.
The posse aud the military kept possession of
the street till between eight and nine o’clock,
[ when they returned to their quarters. The
j greatest excitement prevailed in the city during
! the entire night, and the sight of a negro on the
| street was the signal, tiie word to make a sally
i for him. One negro was shot in the nciglibor-
I hood of the Gayoso House, but not mortally
! wounded, about 7 o’clock in the evening. An
other received a bullet through the leg, near
I Court Square. About 9 o’clock, while a negro
was walking along Main street, he got inLo an
altercation with a white man, and drew a pistol
on him. A shot was fired by one of the by
standers, and the negro rushed along Main
street at a fearful rate, followed by a large
crowd. Several shots were fired, but the negro
escaped with a slight wound.
A REPORTER WOUNDED.
, A reporter for one of the daily newspapers,
who was early at the affray on South street, re
ceived a slight flesh wound. He had a very
narrow escape from being wounded in a vital
part by a stray bullet.
TIIE KILLED AND WOUNDED.
Owing to the very great excitement which
prevailed up to a late hour last night, it was
almost impossible to ascertain the real number
of the killed and wounded. Many reports were
current, but the number of casualties given
above may be. fully relied on. Poor Henry
Dunn, engineer of No. 2 steam fire engine, ex
pired at a late hour last night, notwithstanding
all that Dr. J. E. Lynch and other medical men
could do lor liis relief. He lingered in great
agony for several hours, when death relieved
him from his sufferings, and liis soul returned
to the God who gave it. He was a most effi
cient officer, an affectionate husband and kind
father, and has left a widow and two little ones
to lament his untimely fate. Officer James
Finn, of the police, was shot in the groin, and
it is very doubtful if lie can recover. Officer
Slattery lias also received a wound which is
supposed to be fatal, although faint hopes were
entertained last night that he would recover.
The number of negroes reported killed were
from seven to fifteen, but the latter number
may be considered correct. Several were
wounded at the affray on South street, and also
on other streets during the evening. None of
their names were known.
It was reported that the negroes had taken
possession of Fort Pickering last night, and
were determined to hold it at all hazards. It
will „ot be surprising if the affray which re
sulted last evening in so much bloodshed is
renewed to-da}’. The wildest rumors were
afloat on the streets at 'midnight regarding the
affray, but all good citizens will be ready to
express the hope that it will not be renewed,
but that the guilty maybe in-night to justice
and punished as the law directs.
A Negro Woman Kills Six of Her Chil
dren liy Starvation.— Memphis, April 27.—1
have reliable information of one of the most in
human acts of a negro woman yet known. Last
fall, a woman, With five small children, from
six mouths of age to six years, with old grand
mother Blind, a deaf mute, came to the farm of
a Mr. Welch, of Pontotoc county, Mississippi,
and engaged to work at sixteen dollars per
month. About three weeks ago, it was noticed
she did not come out to work, and, when being
questioned, •she complained ot being sick
Another day passed, when Mr. Welch found
her missing from tile plantation, when he in
stituted a search, and found the stair door
which led up into a dark, narrow room, heavily
barricaded and locked. After some difficulty
he opened the door with an ax, and discover
ed the old woman mid two children lying
against, the door, dead. Another child was at
the head of the stairs, dead also. The other two
were just alive, and in an advanced state of star
vation. The oldest of the latter two has since
died ; the other, a boy, it is thought, cannot sur
vive.
This black wretch was found three miles
from Jackson, Miss., with her paramour, a ne
gro mail, who hud been seen strolling around
Mr. Welch’s plantation with her. Her reason
for this inhuman action was that she did not
like to work so hard to support the old woman
and the “brats.” She was carried back to
Pontotoc county, to be tried.
“What are you about?” enquired a lunatic
of a cook, who was industriously picking the
feathers from n fowl. “ Dressing a chicken,
answered the cook. “ I should call that un
dressing,” replied the crazy fellow. The cook *
looked reflective.
'Trr : —nr *—
This is not Miltonic, but some hard-handed,
worthy son of toil seeing it, may take heart
again:
The Poor Man’s Jewels.
,c BT MRS. DENISON.
My home is a poor one '
To all who pass it by ;
! ' They cannot see its bvantv, .
And neither, faith, can 1-
That is, iirpaint or timber, • I
In doorway or in roof— ,
But that it has its beauties
I’ll quickly give ye proof.
Conte liitlter, young ones, hither,
Your father's steps are near*
That’s Best with hair so yellow,
That's Sue with eyes so clear ;
That’s Will with tawny trowsers
Tucked in his slocking leg ;
And yonder two wee darlings
Are bonny Joan and Megg.
A cluster of fair jewels,
Five in t-lic rugged set;
If any man lias brighter,
I have to learn it yet. ,
And,Tom, when I am swinging
These arms with weary strain,
Their blessed faces cheer me,
And make me strong again.
I sometimes sit and wonder
“ What will their future be,”
If they must delve and patter
A treadmill round like me ;
And scarcely, at the year’s end,
Have half a groat to spare—
And see bad men put over them,
'Twill be too bald to bear.
But then, I think, as nations
Rise in the scale of might,
God puts the poor man forward.
And gives him power and light;
And learning. Tom, will do it
And Christian truth will show
That Heaven makes no distinction
Between the high and low.
So, though my home's a poor one,
To all who pass it hy,
And none can see its beauty
Save mother, God and I,
The future may be grander
For some great glory won
Some gem set In the ages
By even a poor man’s son.
Manna Loa.
Terribly Sublime. Spectacle—A Column of Fire
One Thousand Feet in Height and a River of
Flame Thirty-five Miles Long.
A jet of'lava of more stupendous proportions
. than ever conceived of is described by Mr.
I Coan, in the Honolulu Friend, of February, in
[ his account of the eruption of Manua Loa, on
, the Island of Hawaii:
i The eruption commenced near the summit of
• the mountain, and only live or six miles soutli
. east of the eruption in 1843. For two days
i this summit crater sent down its burning floods
. along the northeastern slope 'ot the mountain ;
. then suddenly the vale closed, and the great?
. furnace apparently ceased blast. Alter thirty*
. six hours the fusia was seen bursting out of the
, eastern side of the mountain, about midway
i from the top of t lie base.
It would seem that the summit lava hud
r found a subterranean tunnel, for half way down
[ the mountain, when coming to a weak point,
. or meeting’some obstruction, it burst np ver
tically sending a column of incandescent fusia
i one thousand feet high into the air. This tire
. jet was about one hundred feet in diameter,
i and it was sustained l'or twenty days and
> nights, varying in height from one hundred to a
. thousand feet. The disgorgement from the
mountain side was often with terrific explo
; sions, which shook the hills, and detonations
, which were heard lor forty miles. This col
[ nmn of liquid fire was an object of surpassing
. brilliancy, of intense and awful grandeur. As
. the jet Issued from the awful orifice it was at
white heat. As it ascended higher and higher,
, it reddened like fresh blood, deepening its
I color, until in its descent, much of it assumed
. the color of clot ted gore.
: In a few days it has raised a cone some three
hundred feet high around the burning orifice,
and as the showers of burning minerals fell in
[’ livid torrents upon the cone, it became one vast
heap of glowing coals, flashing and quivering
with restless action, and sending out the heat cl
ten thousand furnaces in full blast. The strug
gles in disgorging the fiery masses, the up,ward
rush of the column, the force which raised, it
one thousand vertical feet, and the continuous
falling back of thousands of tons of mineral
fusia into the throat of the crater, and over a
cone of glowing minerals, one mile in circum
ference, was a sight to inspire awe and terror,
attended with explosive shocks which seemed
to rend the mural ribs of the mountain, and
sound to waken the dead and startle the spirits
in Hades. From this fountain a river of fire
;■ went rushing ond leaping down the mountain
. with amazing velocity, tilling up basins and
■ ravines, clashing over precipices, and exploding
. rocks, until it reached the forests at the base of
i the mountain, where it burned its fiery way,
i consuming the jungle, evaporating the water of
, the streams and pools, cutting down the trees,
, and sending up clouds of smoke and steam, and
> murky columns of fleecy wreaths to. heaven.
i All Eastern Hawaii was a sheen of light, and
. our night was turned into day. So great, was
. the illumination at night., that one could read
. without a lamp, and labor, traveling and rc
i creation might go on as in the daytime. Ma
riners at sea saw the light at two hundred
> miles-distance. It was a pyroteehuical display,
t more magnificent and marvelous than was
- made by. any earthly monarch. In the daytime
I the atmosphere for thousands of square miles
; would be filled with a murky haze, through
l which the sunbeams sited a pale and sickly
- light. Smoke, steam, gases, ashes, cinders—
i furnace or capillary, or filamentary vitrifac
l tions, called Pole’s hair—floated in the air,
sometimes spreading out like a fan, sometimes
careering in swift currents upon the wind, or
> gyrating in ever-changing colors in the fitful
breezes. The point from which the tire-foun
tain issued is ten thousand feet above the level
[ of the sea, thus making the igneous pillar a
- distinct object of observation along the whole
: eastern coast of Hawaii.
During the eruption the writer made an ox
- cursion to the source. After three days ol hard
strugglein the jungle and over fields, ridges and
hills of bristling scoria, he arrived near sunset
at the scene Os action. Ail night long he stood
; so near to the glowing pillar as the vehement
heat would allow, listening to the startling ex
: plosions and the awful roar of the molten
column, as it rushed upward a thousand feet,
■ anil fell back in a fiery avalanche which made
the mountain tremble. It was such a scene, as
few mortals ever witnessed. There was no
sleep for the spectator. The fierce, red glare,
• the subterraneous mutterings and stragglings,
r tile rapid explosions ol gases, the rushes and
’ roar, the sudden and startling bursts, ns of
r crashing thunder—all, all were awe-inspiring,
. and ail combined to render the scene one of in
■ describable brilliancy and of terrible sublimity.
The rivers of fire from the fountain flowed
• about thirty-five miles, and stopped within ten
miles of Hilo. Had the fountain played ten
days longer, it would probably have readied
the shore.
[ From the Richmond Times.
Modern Novels.
TIIE DUPLEX ELIPTIC STYLE.
Homicidal heroines glide like beautiful but
deadly s erpents through the pages of every no
vel which we have read for a twelve month,
if we except those of Anthony Trollope. These
heroines are not of the famous classic school to
which Media Clytemnestra and Lady Macbeth
belong. They do not appear in the good old
tragedy costume, with cloaks over their shoul
ders and daggers and bowies ot poison in their
hands, haunting gloomy old castles, and steal
ing through secret doors at midnight. Now,
however, this is not the conventional thing. —
The modern “ tigresses of romance ” do noth
ing so outlandish and old-tashioned. The manu
facturers of these ladies commit no such limits
of taste. Braddon, Wood, Lawrence, Collins
and Oliphant, remembering the prodigious suc
cess of Vanity Fair, make the “ homicidal he
roine” now-a-days, wear double-eliptie skirts
balmoral boot* and waterfalls. She is tie,
votional, and patronizes tract and mis
sionary societies as well as the opera and the
round dunces. “ Her beauty is the most daz
zling of all the beauty in tbe ball-roomher
step the lightest, and her smile the sweetest in
the waltz. She loves and is beloved, and the
husband who, in the first volume, leads to the
altar the fair innocent creature of nineteen will
discover years after, and in the third volume,
that before he married her she had already had,
and possibly put an end to, a husband or so in
private, forged perhaps a casual will, and led
tlie county police a dance for a whole week.
The mixture of crime and crinoline gives a
reality to the story that is enough to take away
the breath of any quiet, middle-aged gentleman
who takes up 'such great work of fiction. He
knows, from imaginative people like Shaks
pearo an others, how poison is supposed to be
administered in high fictitious life; < Dnt some
prince catches another prince sleeping in a
bower, and pours it in his ear, or that some
beautiful Lucretin, after a festal banquet, hands
a iewellecl goblet containing it to alaitliltss
hjver On the Turf, and among the lower
classes, he is aware indeed that the operations
is performed in a loss theatrical way ; but as lie
is neither a prince, nor a faithless lover, nor a
Dove, nor a Palmer, lie concludes that lie is
tolerably safe and at some distance lrom all
such stirring incidents. But when he peruses
the latest novel from the circulating libiaiy lie
is recalled to a sense of His insecure position.
Bowers and poisoned goblets are all moonshine
andT nonsense. The thing is done every day
much more simply, and with less ostentation,
st 'a pietiie. Blanche finished off Augustus
when she handed him the cold pigeon me with
Moke about hi* appetite, and a hope that lie,
would tell her if he telt inclined sot more.
When Marian stayed behind ostensibly to
gather a wild rose in the hedge, she was in
reality delayed for a minute or so in the occu
pation of stabbing Reginald and burying las
body in a ditch. When she skips up, rose m
hand, a quarter of an hour later, her laugh is
iust as n-pnial as ever, and she will distribute
five o’clock tea to her triends the same after
noon without, a cloud on her sweet sunny brow.
Such is the teaching ot the novel of the age.
A quiet than thinks all this very terrible, and
opines tlrnt the book must have been writtoii by
a she fiend. Nothing of the kind. It has been
written by the wife of the curate in an incom
ing parish, or by a clever governess, or an ami
able blue-stocking, whose time hangs heavy on
her hands, and who composes this sort of thing
when she is tired of composing hymns.”
Tjies Best ok Gifts.—A celebrated writer
says, the best thing tg give your enemy is for
giveness; to your opponents, tolerance; to a
friend., your heart; to your children, a good i
exam pie; to a father, deference; to your mother,
•conduct that will make her proud of you ; to
jouri (elf, respect; to all men, charity.
BY r; 'tSIMSSAt’H. ’
,n r.ffo-.ny iy>„. vt, — —
ASSOCIATED PRESS DISPATCHES.
FROM WASHINGTON ~
Washington, May 4.
Henry S. Fitch, of Savannah, was to-day con
firmed by the Senate as U. S. Attorney for
Georgia. Lewis R. Campbell was confirmed
as Minister jo the Republic of Mexico.
The committee appointed by the Texas con
vention formally delivered a copy of the ordi
nance passed by that body to the President,
who expressed the hope that Texas, together
with all other States recently in rebellion,
would soon be restored to their nominal con
dition in the Federal Government, and that
their citizens would be admitted a lull partici
pation in its blessings and protection.
The proceedings in the Senate were generally
unimportant.
The House passed the bill establishing the
grade of general in the" army, to which posi
tion Lieutenant General Grant will undoubtedly
be appointed.
FROM NEW ORLEANS.
Xkw Orleans, May 4.
The President lias Ordered Gen. Cauby not
to interfere with the Uuited States Courts, and
also, to make a full report of the conflict within
which lie has acted. The court was reopened
yesterday.
* TENNESSEE CONVENTION.
« Cincinnati, May 4.
The convention called to consider the pro
priety of organizing a separate State govern
ment for East Tennessee, met at Knoxville
yesterday. The president of the convention
was authorized to appoint a committee to bring
t He resolution before the Legislature.
Augusta Market.
We Arc indebted to J. O. Mathewson for the
following report ol the Augusta market.
Cotton.— The rapid downward course of the ,
Liverpqol market, since our last, has placed
buyers and sellers apart; the former looking
for the full effect Os this, and anticipating f ur
ther decline upon this market, while holders
arc not ready to meet the extreme low rates.—
There have been some transactions on a basis
of 27e. for Middlings, tax paid. But the amount
offered at these rates is small, the asking price
being mainly 28e.
Cotton Goons — Are lower, in sympathy
with the raw material, and the demand is small.
.Montour % shirtings.'l(>>£c.; do. 4-4 sheetings,
20%e. Osnaburgs are in smaller demand than
previously, and offering at 2G@27c. Yarns,
with an accumulating stock, have declined to
$2 25 for asst’d Nos. Cotton Rope ottering at
45@50c. ’Copp-Waste, 22(5;25e.
Provisions. —Bacon after selling down to
14c. tor shoulders, has reacted, and is now in
active demand at 15c. to loj-.j for shoulders’
these having the preference. Sides are rather
neglected at 18e. for B. B.; clear, 20c. Hams
dull, at 23@24e. for S. C- uncovered. Lard, in
somewhat more request, at 21@22c. for leal; 18
@l9c. for pressed. Flour is rather light iu
stock; with a moderately active demand at
810 50 to 811 00 for good supertines. Extras,
811 dOei-m 50; family, 812 00@fl3 00.
Grain. —Corn is to-day quiet, with a reees-*^
sion from the highest point. White, from depot,
81 45; yellow, 81 40; from store ruling se.
higher. The confidence in the late advance
is not very great, though stocks are
light. Oats are in demand at 75(5j80e., and
rather scarce. Stock peas are in very good de
mand, and bringlVeely on arrival 81 85@$1 90c.
in lots.
liiliE is rather quiet; Carolina 14e.; India
12):,e.
Liquors remain very dull. The State and
county tax of 40c. gai. is added in making
sales, giving a range of 82 70@3 25 for whis
kies, at which the sales are very limited. None
but. common whisky selling.
Sugars are quiet. Raw, 14@15c.; “C,” 17c.;
“B,” 18e.; Crushed, 20(«;>21c. Molasses also
quiet. The arrivals have beeu liberal, and sales
made at 53(if55e.
4 Butter is more abundant. Choice brings
80c. Cheese has been readily placed at 2G(<i4oe.,
according to quality, the arrivals being small
and supply light. The risk from damage by heat
is considerable.
Coffee is unchanged and quiet, at 27@30c.
for fair to choice Rio. Java, 40@45.
Hay is in fair demand, bringing 81 90@83 00
from wharf or depot. The amount of sound
Hay offering is not large, a heavy portion of the
supply being more or less damaged.
Securities partake somewhat of the prevail
ing quiet. We quote Georgia Railroad Stock,
90e. ; do. Bonds, 97<ft>98c. ; Central Railroad
Stock, 97c. ; do. Bonds, 98c..; Old Georgia
Sixes, Stic. ; City Augusta||unds, 87c. ; City Sa
vannah do., 93e.; Georgia and Central li. R.
Bank Bills, 98c. ; City Bank, Augusta, 2(>e. ;
Bank of Augusta, 42c.; Bank Fulton, 40e.; Bank
of Athens, 47c.; Bank of Middle Georgia, 90c.;
Marine Bank, 880. Gold dull, 12(i(a;127. N. X.
Exchange, par to preiu.
Female Apparel.
To the Editors of the Cincinnati Enquirer :
Having written you some days ago relative,
to “ false calves," and waiting very impatiently
tor an answer, I, to my great vexation, iound
in the Sunday edition iuy note, without any
information whatever. Are they not to lie
found in the Queen City ? Or are you, as all
sensible men should be, attending to your own
business, and permitting the ladies to dress
just as we please 1
You will at least answer me why the “ lords
of creation” (as you proudly deem yourselves)
are ever commenting and criticising our dress ?
if we wear large hoops and short skirts “it is
disgusting;” if we wear trails “it is such an
extravagance we do not wonder at the alarm
ing number of unmarried ladies;” if we wear a
Neoquetish little hat “itis a fright;” if we wear
large ones we are equally condemned. Now,
what are we to do ? How are we to dress to
suit the .fastidious taste of you connoisseurs f
We are perfectly content to attend to our dress
ourselves, granting you the same privilege. We
do not laugh at your fashions, which areas
various, changeable and more ludicrous than
ours. But forgive me if I have said too much,
for
“ It’s hardly in a body’s pow’r
To keep, at times, from being sour,” *
Especially when my tilting hoops and Derby
hat have received their death-warrant from
papa, and all caused by an article in the En- .
quires-, copied from some paper, the writer of
winch little dreamed of the consequences which
would ensue in a delightful home between an
old-fogy papa and a refractory daughter.—
What are we to do ? How are we to dress to
keep you from writing such odious things that
dear, good, old-fiisliioned papas will call loving
daughters to read what the world says and
thinks, and end his parental lecture by a posi
tive command, simply, I suppose, because flic
Enquirer Indorses it all ?
Hoping you will give me the desired infor
mation I await, with anxiety, your answer.
E.
Covington, April 23.
Hoyt’s Spiierphosphate,
!«63 PER TON,
DELIVERED IN A
E offer the above well known and thoroughly
favorite
MANUKE
At $63 per Ton, in lots of live Tons. In smaller par
cels S6B per Ton.
This Manure has been used and tested in the most
thorough manner ill Georgia, and lias universally
proved equal to any Manure offered in the culture of
Cotton. Every barrel is guaranteed to be of stands <1
purity. Below are the names of some who have used
and ean best speali of its excellence:
Jonathan M. Miller, Esq.. Beech Island, 8. C.
Owen I*. Fitzsimmons, Esq., Jefferson county.
David Dixon, Esq., Oxford, tin.
J. A. Bell, Esq., Oglethorpe county, Ga.
James I’. Fleming, Esq., Augusta, Ga.
Isaac T. Heard, Esq., Augusta, Ga.
Dr. E. M. Pendleton, 8 part a, Ga.
•Robert F. Comielly, Esq., Burke county, O
j>. j. Henderson, Esq., Covington, Ga.
Thomas J. Davis, Esq., Beech Island, 8. C.
George A. Oates, Esq., Augusta, Ga.
Dr. H. R. Cook, Beech Island, 8. C.
Thos. W. Whatley, Esq,, Beech Island, 8. C.
Win. Summer, Esq., I‘omaria, 8. C.
Col. M. C. M. Hammond, Athens, Ga.
Win. D. Grant, Esq., Walton county, Ga.
James A. Shivers, Esq., Wancnton, Ga.
J. F. Awtrey, Esq., LaGrange, Ga.
Wilson Bird, Esq., Hancock county, Qa.
J. R. Morrison, Esq., Burke county, Ga.
W. A. Satfold, Esq., Madison, Gu.
W. W. Anderson, Esq., Warren county, Ga.
Judge M. 11. Wclborn, Esq., Warren county, Ga.
M. W. Hubert, Esq., Warren county, Ga.
W. H. Brantley, Esq., Warren county, Ga.
Isaac Powell, Esq., High Shoals, Ga.
L. C. Dennis, Esq., Katonton, Ga.
A. G. Hester, Esq., Walton county, Ga.
Joel Mathews, Esq., Ogivthorpe comity, Ga.
Colonel John Billups, Athens, Ga.
Dr. G. W. Watkins, Sparta, Ga.
A. J. Lino, Esq., Sparta, Ga.
W. W. Simpson, Esq., Sparta, Ga.
J. T. Bothwell, Esq., Augusta, Ga.
J. V. Jones, Esq., Burke county, Ga.
A. l’harr, Esq., Social Circle, Ga.
J. C. Bower, Esq., lnvinton,.Ga.
R. 11. P. Ltizeitby, Esq., Warrenton, Ga.
James Rainsford, Esq., Edgefield, 8. C.
Hon. J. J. Jones, Burke county, Ga.
8. M. Manning, Hawkinsvillc, Ga.
■E. A. Bmith, Esq., Walton county, Ga.
, T. J. Lester, Esq., Walton county, Ga.
John I*. O. Whitehead, Esq., Burke county, Ga.
Dr. M. S. Durham, Keep, Clarko county, Ga!
. A. I’. Dealing, Esq., Athens, Ga.
For prompt attention, orders should be sent in early , t
J. O. MATHEWSON, Agent,
feM _di mt3ul *“ Broad Btreet - O'-