Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

the constitutionalist.~j JAMES GARDNER. JR. i i: it m s. Daily, per annum S 3 00 'i n- vVeekly, per annum, 6 00 j If paid in advance, 5 00 Weekly, per annum, 3 00 j If paid in advance, 2 50 TO CL I Ii S . Wr mil p'lrlioddr attention, to the following terms of our pajicr : To Club*, remitting $lO iv advance, FIVE COPIES are sent. Thw will put our weekly \kx p >r in the reach of new subscriber* at TWO DOLLARS A YEAR. 5Cr All n«w subscriptions must be paid in advance. ■ ,£/" Postage must tie paid on all Communications a id Eet'ers of business. The Cotton Tiadc. The Liverpool Times of the 15th ult- 1 » . . contains a long anil elaborate article up on the Cotton Trade and its future pros, j pects, written, as we are informed by Mr. j A. 11. Wylie, formerly a resident of this j Mty. The views set forth are deserving j of consideration at the present moment, u lien so mnch interest is centred in the ; Trade; and \vc make no apology for | transferring the article entire to our co looms. The writer is explicit, perspicu- I ons, and fully conversant with the sub 1 ject he discusses.—-V. O. Bulletin. Arams the manv embarrassments a- ■ gainst which the trade and commerce of r* t this country have now to contend, there is j none of greater, nor indeed, of equal irn- j portanccto Lancashire, than tfie now as. j certained short supply of Cotton. The very importance ofthis subject indisposes I many to inquire into it, fearing that the I result might lie different from that which they desired; but our duty, as journalists, is to offer to our readers truths, which are : often disagreeable; and we believe that, in doing so, we are acting a prudent and ; friendly part. The recent controversies 1 on the Corn Trade sufficiently prove this, i Whatever may have been the op in Up G s the press generally, as to the supplies of Grain in this country, all parties are now convinced that, at least, we had no sur plus. Our opinion on this point, it is well known, was strongly expressed; we early sounded the tocsin of alarm; we encou raged the industry and enterprise of our merchants; and the result has been, that the whole globe has been put under con tribution to meet our demands. From every quarter we are receiving supplies. We can hold out no prospect, even now, j that these supplies are adequate to our ; wants; we counsel no relaxation in the eagerness to increase them, though we do | trust that what has been done, and is now doing, will prevent those famine prices | which must have followed any infenno tion to our mercantile en'erptise. The great importance of a sufficiency of food has, in some measure, put on one side what is scarcely of secondary conse quence, a sufficiency of Colton. We ! have frequently, in our remarks upon j trade and commerce, called attention lo j the subject, and we now do so at length, as i? is the duty of a journal in the great- ' cst Colton mart to do; and in any state- I ment we make, we lay ourselves open (o, , and invite criticism from the manv lit re : whose long experience and attention to | the subject, constitute them as aulhori- i ties. The question of supply is one we may now venture upon with tolerable accura cy: to many it seems a question onlv to be resolved when the whole crop has arriv ed at the shipping ports, and indeed then only is the certainty established; but a close examination of detail, and some com mon mercantile foresight, strips the ques tion, at an early period of the season, of much difficulty. Fortunately, there are many adverse interests engaged in the ; cotton trade; and while the factor imagines i his interest to consist in underestimating i the crop, the merchant and agent for the spinner falls into the other extreme, so be- i tween the two the truth is often to he dis- | covered. This year has one peculiarity, that all parties tell the same tale; all es timate the supply of cotton for the season j 134 G-7 as a short one; as the season has advanced the report has been confirmed, and the following table’of the probable receipts at the United States’ ports, as compared with the two preceding years, is likely to be quite near enough for all purposes of illustration: 1847 1846 1845 y. Orl’ns & Texas', 720.000 1,004,000 952,000 S Mobil**, 310,000 422,000 517,000 Florida, 130,000 141,000 189,000 1 Georgia, 250,000 195,000 290,000 | South Carolina, 330,000 252.000 420,000 ! Other places, 30,000 29,000 38,000 Total, 1,770,000 2,103,000 2,418,000 ; It will be observed that the great falling j off in the supply of the present year is in the ports of the Gulf, which generally contribute three-fourths of the entire crop : of the United States, and the deficiency is ; represented as being caused partly by di- ! minished production, and unfavorable weather at the planting season, but still more by the ravages of the caterpillar; this last cause, however, found little credit here. We were unaccustomed in this ! country to see such extensive damage from insects; and, though these ravages were confirmed by all parties, it was at least thought that the accounts were greatly exaggerated, and even the mys- j terious visitation which has destroyed our own potato crop excited no inquiry into the accuracy of statements which, if true, j were of equal importance to the industry of the country. We fear that, so far from being exaggerated, the damage actually r* oo • j. j done has been greater than originally es- | timated, and we believe that the above i gives the most favorable view of the U. j States Cotton crop. If we turn lo those sources from which ; we draw our other supplies, the prospect j is scarcely more promising. | Paring the past five years, tire imports j w^r : -~yrrr jrv: oy ■ -tw** mumt #*i<ijii mv. \ | into Europe of Colton, oilier than Amen* j can, have been as follows: Egyptian. E. India. Brazil. W. India. 1312 JOH.Ch-U 264.1)00 ]U3,UOO 70,u09 | 1843 173,000 186 (»09 115.000 49,050 I*4 4 99.000 212,000 123.000 47,000 1845 147,000 166,000 115,000 33,000 1846 100,000 98,000 86,000 31,000 627.000 956,000 542,000 231,000 j Average 125,400 191,200 108,400 46,000 j It might be supposed that our present j ' high prices would at least give the ave rage of the above supplies 4 < i,OOO bale*-; i but this is not very probable; the defi ciency in tlie.se several crops is most sen sible in late years, when -it is not to be den ed that low prices have discon raged cultivation; this is especially the case in the Brazils and Ea-t Indies. Naturally j all that can tie collected together this year will be sent forward, and this amount I we estimate as under, making allowance ' for an admitted short crop in Egypt, and some diminution ofculture in oilier places: Egyptian, JOO,OOO bales. East India, 150,000 Brazil, 90,000 W est India, &c. 35,000 Total, 375,Ua0 bales. To this amount we must add the estimate crop of j the United Slates, 1,770,000 ! And the stock in Europe on Ist Jan. last, 622.000 - j Making a total for the year 1d47 of j 2,707.000 as tho supply ; a quantity 1 scarcely exceeding the consumption of the | past year, which in Messrs. Cullman and SloSiherfolti’s tables is thus stated : Great Britain, 1,573,000 France, 405,000 Continent, 315,000 United States, 422,000 Total, 2,715, 0ut) i The natural result of even the anllci- I pation ofso close an approximation in the supply ami demand appears in the pre -1 sent reduced consumption. The former rate could only have been continued by a ; serious enhancement of price; and in our | estimate of the probable consumption for | the present year,the price of the raw ma | terial must be regarded as the great dis ■ lurbing cause. High prices of food will also affect the consumption, and the pre sent severe pressure for money also en ters into the calculation. At the present moment Cotton is fully 50 per cent.above the prices which ruled at tin's lime last year, while in the manufactured article there lias not been a corresponding ad vance; and the difference makes the posi- ■ tion of the manufacturer by so mnch the worse. The draper and tho real con sumer —the wearer of the manufactured article are, however, no worse off, the difference is, that the profit which last year went into the pocket of the manufac turer, this year is divided between the planter, importer and ihe real consumer. Therefore it is that the home trade has been less effected than some have repre sented. Accumulated slocks have caused a dull slate of trade, which is, perhaps, all that can be said; moreover, the high prices of food, which has effected the mass | generally, lias givm| increased labor and j means to others, hi this way, and in I profits, Liverpool has realized at least jC 1,000,000 sterling during the past six ■ months. The farmer, though compelled to pay a high price for subsidiary arti ; cles, has still received large sums for his I staple products; and it has been remark ed, that in no year was the creditor of the farmer so well paid as in the present.— 1 India and China, so far from being glut ted with goods, are rapidly exhausting their supplies. The United Slates will compete largely with the demand for these quarters. Russia will take more than a usual supply of Yarn, etc. and for Germany alone, of ail our important mar kets, is there likely to he any great fall | ingoffin the demand. The great point, however, is tho unsatisfactory position of the spinners; and making all allowance | for this, we cannot estimate the consump ) tion ofGreat Britain for the six monthsof ; the present year at more than 20,000 bales per week (the present average consumption taken out of this market is i 17,720 hales:) ! Say from Ist January to 30th June 320,000 ' For the latter half of the year we may hope that diminished production, har vest prospects, and an easier money market, may extend the consumption to 25,000 bales per week, or from Ist July to 3lst December 650,000 Giving a consumption for Great Britain in 1847 of 1,170,000 In regard to the consumption in France and on the Continent, the valuable tables above referred togivethe following astlie actual consumption during the past five years: 1842—-France 441,000 Continent 315,000 | 1843 “ 406,000 “ 337,000 1841 “ 338,000 '* 298,000 'v 1845 “ 418,000 “ 357.000 1846 “ 405,000 “ 345,000 2,058,000 4,652,000 Average, 411,600 330,400 Neither on the Continent nor in France can we expect this average to bo main tained in the present year. In France it will be considerably reduced, and in some parts of the continent; though some of these countries, by the want of food, have increased and not diminished their wealth. It may pet Taps be a safe figure to place the consumption of France at 350,000 bales. And the Continent of Europe at 275,000 ** 625,U00 ** The United States alone are likely lo extend their consumption, which has year by year gone on gradually increasing. In 1837 it was only 220,000 bales; last year, it reached 423,000, and the wealth which has flowed into America during the past and pre sent year, and of which we have been drained, will largely add to this last figure. By no com petent party is the consumption for 1847 estimated at under 500,000 “ 1,123,000 bales. Making, with the probable con sumption in Great Britain of 1,170,000 ** : A total consumption for, 1847 of 2,295,000 bales. I Against an estimated supply of 2,767,000 I Andjeaving £l stock on 31st Dec. of ; 472,000 bales, \vhicli with the most liber | al supply before the end of the year, | from ilie crop of \Vould leave i itie trade much in the position in which I they were at the opening cf the year—at | the mercy of a new crop, and depending j upon its extent even for a sufficiency for “short lime.” In the above figures we have not taken I into calculation of the stock of Cotton in j in spinners’ hand at the close of 1943, | which was allowed to below an average quantity, and which has long since dis appeared. If tin's amount had been in eluded, it would have only added to the consumption, for this reason stated a low estimate; hut on the other hand we have not included in the out goings that amount D B of Cofon which is exported from this | country to Russia, Sweden, &c. and i which these countries require from oui j markets, and which may almost beinclu i ded in our consumption, so certain is the j demand; indeed, it is so regarded, and the continental consumption,when alluded to, is considered only to include Holland, Belgium, Germany, the markets depend ing upon Genoa and Trieste, and Spain. However, with any probable modification of the above tables, it must be evident, that the state and prospects of the Cotton Trade of this country are deserving of most serious attention. It cannot be de nied that an unwise extenlion of mil Is and machinery lias taken place in thh country; that too much attention has been given to tfie manufactured articles, and too little to the production of the raw ! articles; that the profits of the Cotton Trade during the past few years have been all on one side, and that every where the planter indifferently remune rated, has allowed the culture of Cotton to recede, and has turned his attention to other products. Our supply from India too plainly establishes this point. In 1841 the price of Surat Cotton in this market ranged from 4£d. to Gd. per lb. and the import into Great Britain amount ed to 273,600 bales. It the year 1844, which confessedly | i was an excellent year for the spinner, I prices of Surat Cotton were allowed to | drop to to 4d. and I lie imports fell j off to 155,100; and last year they reach -94,500 bales. In the United Stales tfic same result is established. Formerly North Carolina and Virginia formed our principal depots for American Co:ton;un der the influence of receding prices these States had to yield to the greater fertility i of new land, and Georgia became the largest Cotton growing State in the Union. In its turn, however, Georgia has declin ed before the productions of Mississippi; and the right bank of the river of that name, may in its turn, supply that pro duction which the cultivation of Corn and Sugar may supercede, if proved to be the more remuneru ing crops. There is, however, a limit to this. So far as we know, Cotton can only he grown to any extent in that portion of the United States i know as to the South-western States. In ; other countries, the cultivation has not I succeeded to the desired extent —a weak j and useless fibre being often the result of 1 much enterprise and capital. Even in | Mexico, where beyond the Rio del Norte, I Cotton is said to be indigenous, it cannot j be cultivated to advantage. Without a j doubt, price will be a sufficient induce | ment for a sufficient supply. The plan ter must have an interest in the extension j of the cultivation, and the question arises i what will he a remunerating price? This i may be difficult to answer. It is not, | however, so difficult to say what is not so, I as the decline in the production sufficient ly attests; and upm this ground we differ from many of our contemporaries, who regard the present speculation in Cotton with something akin to horror. We con ceive it fortunate that there are ever per sons on the alert, closely watching the different markets, and ready to invest their idle capital in what seems to promise sufficient profit. Such speculations pre vent. those dearths or famine which, in i earlier ages, when capital and enterprise j were more limited, so frequently hap -1 pened. It is conceded, that to a similar ! speculation we owe our present supply of ! of foreign corn; and had a like energy j been unchecked at the close of the past I year, our stock of Gotten would probably | be at this day 200,000 bales more than it i actually is. Now, however, when the I result seems inevitable, which then was : only foreshadowed, the spinner is more j than ever dependant upon imports, and subject to many consequences from which a larger stock would have saved him, c? and from which we see no escape fora long period of lime, to the great detriment of the industry of Lancashire. Return of Volunteers. The following volunteers arrived here yesterday, on their return from Mexico; Per brig Billow, from Vera Cruz—l3o men of the 3d Illinois volunteers, under command of Lieut. Col Wiley; Per pilot boat Selim, from Vera Cruz—Company G, of the Ist regiment Tennessee Caval ry, under command of Capt. Sneed.— The company of Tennessee Cavalry chartered the Selim on their own recount. — N. O. Delta, 23 d hist. The following gentlemen came up yesterday from Vera Cruz, on board the ship Charlotte Reed, Capt. Gray: Com mander J. Tattnall, U. S. N.; Com ■ mander V. M. Randolph, U. S. N.; Col. Bohlem, bearer of despatches from Gen. S6ott to Washington. — lb. Ffty discharged teamsters arrived here yesterday, from Vera Cruz, on the U. S. transport schr. Louisiana.— lb. The ship Pharsalia, arrived last night from Vera Cruz, having on board Col. J. E. Thomas, Major R. Waterhouse, Captain* Caswell, Haynes, Cooper, and ■ mmm tjbt mmm ■ i■— ntw ■Jwrjww Newman, Lieutdnants, Bell, Gassett, Anderson, Richardson.Charnblise,Brown low, Kirk, Leftwich McCabre, McKnight, Donnelly, Johnson, Allen, and Woodson, acting Commissary of the regiment, Snr. geon Alsop, Assistant Donohoe. Dr. Walker,and 300 men of the Ist regiment of Tennessee volunteers. The brig R. Russell arrived last night, also from Vera Cruz, with three companies of the 2d regiment Tennessee volunteers, attach ed to the Tennessee regiment—all under the command of Capt. Williams.— lb. Pni«l Otl* Seven companies of the gallant 3d Regiment of Illinois Volunteers, under the command of Col. Forman, were mus tered out of service on Friday last, and i paid off yesterday. The remaining three ; companies are expected to he mustered out of the service to-day, and will he paid off to morrow’. — lb. fUrn. We are gratified to hear that letters “ ...» have been received in this citv, from the Aid of Gen. Shields, dated Jalapa, the Ilthinst., represent him as so rapidly improving as to induce the belief that in the course of a few weeks he will be able j to visit the United States.— lh. j AUGUSTA CKO,. I SATURDAY MORNING. MAY 29, 1847. DEMOCRATIC MEETING. The Democrats of Richmond county are requested to meet at the City Hall on Tues day Afternoon next at five o’clock, for the purpose of appointing delegates t.o the Gubernatorial Convention, to be held at MilledgevilJe on the fouith Monday in June. AT Both Northern mails due last evening came to hand, but the papers are baren of news. O” The Savannah papers of the 27th inst., announce the death of George Anderson, Esq , one of the oldest and most respectable citizens of that city. “Therr are alwnu two aidrv to n question.” I, this Country to blamr, or is .tlexico to blnmrf We will not decline answering very ex plicitly the question propounded to us by the Chronicle ts- Sentinel in the following para graph: “There are always two sides to a question. Mexico chargee us with invading her. The march of our army to l-he Rio Grande was an invasion, she says, of her provinces. Sup pose this should turn out to be the case when the causes of the war come to be fully and fairly investigated. Would the Constitution ulist insist then that the United Slates should pay the war expenses of Mexico*” To this we reply. No Sir ■> We should not Insist upon any thing of the kind. It is true that there are two sides to a question. But in this case we take the side of our coun ty. The Chronicle has seen proper to take the side of the enemy. We will leave him to the enjoyment of all the honors and plea sures to be derived from Lis position. As for ourself we believe our country to be right, and to have been right throughout in this controversy. Even could it be proved that the march of our army to the Rio Grande was an invasion of the provinces of Mexico, we insist that that invasion was fight-—was justifiable. Mexico refused repeatedly—and did so insolently and scornfully to negotiate amicably the disputed question of boundary. She declared that the annexation of Texas was just cause of war, and that she intended to invade and conquer that State. She in sisted on war—she insisted on the arbitra* ment of the sword. The United Slates would have been right therefore in marching her army as she did even in the case supposed. And we consider that General Taylor’s sug gestion to march to the Rio Grande would have been justified, even if after “the causes of the war were fully and fairly investigated” it proved to be an invasion of Mexican pro vinces. It shall never be said of us that we are guilty of the absurdity of insisting that our country should pay the war expenses of Mex ico. The Chronicle is entitled to the signal distinction of occupying that position. It has already been engaged most strenuously in this investigation. It has already demon strated, at least to its own satisfaction, that tiie United States is in the wrong. There is therefore no occasion for further delay in taking its next legitimate position—name ly, to insist that the United Stales shall pay the war expenses of Mexico. We find the Chronicle Sentinel of January 9th, 1847, lays down the following proposition, and quotes Mattel, to sustain it. This too, in a discussion in which it thought to show our country did not have a just right to make war—did not have reasons sufficiently cogent to authorize it, but had unrighteously, with out reason or authority or provocation com menced and waged it. “If there be not a just right to make war, if the highest and most cogent reasons do not exist to authorize it, the nation waging it without them, would itself become bound to make reparation for wrongs and injuries done. See Mattel’s Law’ of Nations Chap, xi, page 378.” —Chronicle <f- Sentinel, 9ih Jan. Now as the Chronicle is an organ of the whigs, it becomes an important, or at least a curious question to know how it proposes to raise the money to pay these war expenses to Mexico. Will it be by an increased ta riff of duties—by a cession of public domain, or by direct taxation. We should be pleased to bear the approaching whig convention of Georgia express its views on this compound question of national ethics and National Law, and the practical question of raising the ways and means for making reparation for wrongs and injuries done. \it i i ■ ■ . _ The t r#j>« In Georgia. The Macon Journal and Messenger of the 26th inst. says —We have during ihe week heard from almost every part of the State. One gentleman, who has made an extensive tour in the upper counties, informs Us that the wheat crop will not yield much more than half as much as that of last year. The Cotton is short but the stand generally good, and it is his opinion that it the months ot June and July are seasonable, the crop will be a very good one. Every thing depends upon warm suns and occasional showers. He is decided oj ol the opinion that the quantity ot land planted in cotton, is less than is generally supposed—very many having planted largely of corn in conse quence of the unpromising appearance of the Wheat fields. The same remarks are especially j true ofthe Western and South- Western counties. Season anil Crops, The Cheraw Gazette states that many planters in that vicinity have had to plough up and plant their crops a second time* Those who succeeded in getting a stand the first planting, had a had prospect for a crop, owing to the cold, which had retarded the growth of the plant. The oat and corn crops, on the other hand, promise, thus lar, a fair yield. Aaolher Colton Factory in Aorth Caro lina, : The Fayetteville North Carolinian of the 22d instant, says that another Colton Fact<>- | ry has been commenced by a company in tiiat ; town, and is now being erected on Blount’s Creek, not far from Ben bow's Factory. The experiment is to be made of employing while labor only. The Crops in Alabama. The Wetumpka (Ala.) Standard of 25th inst. says—“We have seldom ever heard as much complaint in one Spring as we have this of bad prospects of crops generally. In consequence of the lateness of the Spring, and the cool weather which has been so con stant, Cotton has suffered much throughout the whole Cotton growing country. The lice have made its appearance on mmy farms and have done much injury. We hope this may be partially remedied, as we have warm ami pleasant weather al this time of writing.— But the weather has been fluctuating and quite changeable during the entire Spring ” The Crevasse- Thogreatcrcvas.se, about seven miles down the Lafourche, on the right side, is entirely stooped. It required immense tabor, ad it was necessary to make a levee 300 feet in circuit, and to carry the dirt from a considerable distance. If it|had not been closed, nearly the whole ofthe parish of Terrebone would have been inundated; as it is, great injury’ has already been done to several plantations on the Lafourche and Ter re bone. [From the N. 0. Delta , 2 '.ld inst.] Interesting News from Mexico.—From Vera Cruz. Arrival of the Germantown—Contemplated March on Puehla — Gen. Scott's movements —Vera Cruz, 4 c., <fc. The schr. Whig, Capt. Raynor, left vera Cruz on the loth inst., and arrived at this port last evening. She reports that the U. S. ship Germantown, F. Buchanan rnm m<nder, arrived off the Castle on the Idlh inst.j and sailed immediately for Anton Lzar do. At this port the Germantown was to have awaited the orders of Com. Perry. The U. S. steamer .Spitfire was waiting for des patches from the interior. On the 19th in -1 sfant, the Whig spoke the schr. Allen Ste vens in lat. 24 J , ion. 94 13 . The Allen Ste vens sailed a few hours before the Whig, and will bring the regular U. S. Mail from Vera Cruz. Lieut. A. Brock, with 88 men of Company F, Tennessee Cavalry, came passengers in the Whig. To the kindness of one of the passengers on the Whig we are indebted for a number ot the Vera Cruz Ea gle ofthe 15th, from which we gather the following interesting items; From Fcrotr, W e saw a letter on I’hursuay from Pernte, written by one of the principal officers of the army, in which he states that she command would move in a day or two for Puebla, where, it is reported, active preparations are making for a proper reception of our troops, and he intimates that they will soon move upon the Capital. Doubts are entertained by many, however, as to this movement.— Our opinion is not founded upon the most positive information.bat we believe that Gen. Ecott will remain at Puebla, after his arrival there, for a season, at least, and probably un til the beginning of Autumn. In the mean time. should no decidedly favorable step not ! have been taken by the government of this country, the most energetic rnea>nres will be pursued, with a view to end Die strife. The United States possesses the most ample means if a course of this kind is demanded, but nothing else than the most unpardonable provocation will compel us to resort totiiem. Peace has been sued for so often by us, that, it has at length amounted to humiliation, and it cannot be expected that much longer pro crastination can be borne with. “There is a point beyond which forbearance ceases to be a virtue,” says the proverb, and we believe that point cannot be far distant. When reached, it is probable that it will be a dark and dreadful day for the land of the Aztecs. Vera Cruz. Our city is as dull as can well be imagin ed—we have but little news, and that with out much interest. We hope something will transpire to relieve us from this infernal mo notony, for there is no bearing it, when com bined with heat. The thermometer has stood at 89 and 92 for several days past, and it has a prospect of going still further up before it lowers its metalic head. From the Ilio Grande. By the arrival last night ot the steam pro peller Trumbull, we received papers from the extreme advance of Gen. Taylor’s position. The Monterey Pioneer of tke 3d, Saltillo Picket Guard of the 3d, and the Matamoros Flag of the 15th instant. The news from that quarter will be found of interest to our readers. From the Monterey Pioneer of the 2d, we quote the following: We are grieved to have to report a very painful affair to our citizens, Messrs, W. Train and Morris were attacked on the road, last W ednesday, by five Mexican ruffians. — Mr. Morris was wounded in the leg so badly that amputation became necessary. Mr. Tram was, we are pleased to learn, uninjur ed. The two succeeded in keeping the ras cals at bay., until assistance arrived, when the Mexicans fled. Major Chevalie, with part of ilie Texan Rangers, is to make Cadarcyla his head quarters. On the 2dinst., at Monterey, thev had heard of the particulars of the haltle of Cerro Gordo. The current report there was, that a sanguinary battle had been fought at the National Bridge, in which Generals Scotland Santa Anna were I killed, and that the Mexicans, upon hearing of the fall of their leader, abandoned their positions, leaving the American forces in possession ot the field. The Ist Ohio regiment, stationed at Monterey, and the 3d Ohioans, stationed at Saltillo, whose term of service was about drawing to a close, | were expected to leave for their homes about tho ; 15th instant. The weather at Monterey, during the latter ! part of April and the beginning of Mav, was in | tenselv hot. Should the beat continue to increase for any length of time,in the same proportion (hat it had during the week previous to the *2d of May • the editors of the Pioneer predict that the place would soon become uninhabitable to the North Americans. Camp of Instruction—Palo Altn.—T> y the “American Flag,” Matamoros, of the 15th inst , we are informed that Gen. Cadwallader and stall are ot the the Camp of Instruction, Palo Alto, 11 miles below Matamoros. Also, Col. A. C. Kani sev, Pennsylvania regiment; Lieut. Col. Fav, 10th regiment; Maj. Morgan, lith do.;Maj Tal bott, Kith do.; Captains Carr, Lvberg, Moore Irwin, Waddell and Cummings, lith regiment; two companies or dragoons, Copts. Butler, and 1 Mrerick; five companies ot volligeurs. Captains Bernard, Biddle. Howard. Edwards and Church ill; two companies of the U>th regiment, Captains Hendricks, and Brennan; three companies ot tho lOth, and Capt. Pitman s company of the 9lh. These troops will remain at Palo Alto, under I strict discipline, and thence, it is rumored, trans i ferred to Vera Cruz. j Kentucky Cavalry —Col. Humphrey Mar shall’s regiment of Kentucky Cavalry, were m Comargo at last accounts, on their way home. They w ill probably reach here in a day or two, and notbe disbanded until they arrive at New Orleans Indiana Volunteers. j By the arrival last night of thesteam propeller Turnbull, we received the Picket Guard, of May 3d, a paper published in Saltillo, in winch we (ii ci the following proceedings of courts of inquin; one at the request of Gen. Lane on his general conduct, to the gallantry of which the court bears honorable testimony. The other, in the case of Col. Bowles, at his request, Ufxm charges prefer red against him by Gen. Lane. The amount of the charges w-re;—“ Incompetently to fill the office of Colonel of a regiment; that he had ordered his regiment to retreat from a position which he w.ts ordered bv a superior officer to maintain and de fend; and that, while his regiment was engaged with the enemy, he had dismounted and taken shelter behind his regiment and his horse, anti al ter giving the order to retreat, had abandoned his regiment and run away and took shelter alone in a ravine near the scene of action.” From the testimony addueed before the court, we are happy to see that the 2d Indiana regiment is rel’eved from the odium of the alleged retreat, a large portion of them, having rallied. The retreat teas ordered by Col. Bowles, who was under tho impression that Capt. O'Brien (artillery) had retreated, the fact being that Capt. O’Brien had only taken tip an ad Vancedjiosftion. Inquiry in the case of gen. lane. F acts. —That at the battle of Buena Vista, on thr 2*3d of Frhrhafv, Gen. Lane commanded tho 2d rind regiments of Indiana Voluntiers. that ; on the 2Jd lie vvari in immediate command ot tho | ‘2d regiment of Indiana volunteers, and three I pieces of artillery under the command of Lieut. : 0 Br»e i, and that the 2d Indiana volunteers rr- I treated from the field without anv orders from ! Gen. Lane on the 23d Feb.; hut through the ex ertions nfijren Lane and other officers, from on* hundred and fifty to f vo hundred men of the 2d regiment Indiana volunteers were rallied, and attached to the Mississippi regiment and the 3(1 Indiana regiment, and rernainre with them on th«- field of battle during the remainder of the day. ( )pin;on.— f he Court arenfopininn that during the whole period of the 22d and 23d ofFchruary, ISJT, Brig. Gen. Lane Conducted himself as a brave and gallant offVer, and that no rensure at tached to him for the retreat of the 2d regiment Idiana Volunteers. INQUIRY IN THE C ASE OF COL. BOWLES. Facts.— In reference to the first charge, it ap pears from the evidence that Col. Bowles is ignor ant ot the company, battalion and brigade drills, and that the manoeuvre of the evening of the 22d Feb,, indicated in the 3 I specification of that charge, Was indicative of an ignorance of the bat talion drill. In relation so (Ire charge, it appears from the evidence before the Court that Col. Bowles 1 gave the order, "Cease firing and retreat;” that Gm Lane was present, and that he had no au thority from Gen. Lane to give such order. It also appears that Col. Bowles retreated alder having given the aforesaid command, but that ho did not shamefully run avav from the enemy, noy did he hide himself in any ravine from the enemy or from his regiment. It appears, too, that Col. Bowles dismounted from his horsein rear of his regiment; hot there is no evidence toshow that tie •lid so to protect himself from the eneniv. The Court find that the fact of Cub Bowles having given the order above mention d, did in -1 duce the regiment to retreat in disorder. Col. j Bowles gave this order with the intention of making the regiment its position; hut the Court does not find that he Sad been particularly ordered to maintain and defend it. Opinion.— With reference to the Ist charge, the Court is of the opinion that Col. Bowlcs’ia ignorant of the duties of Colonel, hnt the Court would remarh that ill health, and absence on ac count ofill health, have in some degree prevented him from fitting himself for theduties of that office. The Court is of opinion that at the time Col. Bowdes gave (he order “Retreat, ’ he was under the impulsion that the artillery had retreated, when in fact the battery had gone to an advanced position under the ordi rs of Gen. Lane, which orders hud not been communicated to Col. Bowles. And, in conclusion the Comt find that through out the engagement, and through the whole day, Col. Bowles evinced no want of personal courage or bravery; hut that he did manifest a want of capacity and judgment as a commander. Colonel Doniphan. Some English gentlemen who arrived yesterday from Durango, report Col. Doniphan to have started fioni Chihua j hua on the first of April for this part of 1 the country, byway of San Jose del Par i ral. On the route they saw Gen. Garcia Conde on his way to Durango with about one hundred and fifty men, having as prisoner Gen. Herredia, who commanded at Sacramentos. He is accused of trea son, and of being fond of American gold. All the rest of the troops had dispersed for their homes. Durango was in a great state of alarm, dreading the arrival of ' O Gen. Wool, which was expected by them daily. Mr. James Magoffin was a prison er, with the city for his prison limits, but well treated by the Mexicans. Everything was quiet in California, the whole country is in the possession of the Americans, and there is a very great influx of families and settlers from Ore gon. Col. Doniphan must be within a very few days of Saltillo. This may