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THE CONSTimiOxNALIST. "
J A (VI ES GARD N E R, JR L
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{From the ,N. "O. Picayune loth inst .]
Arrival of the Steamship Galveston.
ONE DAT LATER FROM VERA CRUZ.
The steamship Galveston, Capt. Haviland,
arrived yesterday from Vera Cruz, touching at
Tampico and the Brazos. She left Vera Cruz
at 2 o’clock on the afternoon of the Bth inst.,
Tampico on the afternoon of the 10th, and
Brazos Santiago on the evening of the 11th. —
She arrived at the S. W. Pass on the night of
the 13th, having made a very fine rUn.
The Gavleston brought no later news di
rect from the army of Gen. Scott, for there
had been no further arrival of couriers At Vera
Cruzs We learn nothing more of the march
of Gem Pillow, and remain still in the dark as j
to his position. The Palmetto left Vera Cruz
shortly after the Galveston and arrived at
Tampico on the 10th. She may shortly be !
expected, and possibly may bring later news.
From Tampico we have some verbal intelli
gence not without interest. The American
prisoners had not arrived there, but were at a
place about forty leagues distant—probably ,
Huejutla. On the Bth inst. Col. Deßhsgy, of
the Louisiana regiment, left Tampico, at the ;
head of about two hundred men, intending
to proceed to the relief of the prisoners. lie
took with him a small force of the regular ar- ;
tillery, a portion of his own regiment and some
of the mounted men of Tampico—a serviceble
description of the force raised in the town-. It
is more than probable that* the colonel will
have a brush with the enemy before he gets
back. There are said to be pretty strong
parties of guerrillas on the route to be follow
ed.
Out accounts of the health_of Tampico, and
especially of the Louisiana regiment, are more
favorable. The number of men on the sick
list has rapidly decreased, but the remaining
cases are somewhat more severe. They are
mostly cases of intermittent fever, a few cases
of bilious fever have occurred, some of them
terminating fatally. There is very little yel
low fever in the town, and the cases have been
confined to the civil hospital. The fevers
which prevail are becoming more malignant as j
the season advances.
We have news from the city of Mexico by |
this arrival, received byway of Tampico,
which will be found in another column. It is
of much interest.
From a file of the Sun of Anahuac* publish*
ed at Vera Cruz, we have a few items of intelli*
gence. The night of the 7th inst. a light oc
curred in Vera Cruz between two Mexicans,
in which one stabbed the other so severely
that he died instantly. No names given.
TheU. S.stcamer Vixen, Capt. Smith, arriv
ed at Anton Lizardo on the 4th inst. from Ta
basco. She reported a slight skirmish, the
particulars of which will be found under an
other head, the news having just been received
here byway of Mobile.
The XT. S. schooer Flirt went up from the
naval anchorage to Vera Cruz on the sth inst.
and returned the next day. The object of the
movement was not known.
Capt. Mayo of the navy and Governor of
Alvarado, having received intelligence that
Father Jaranta was in the vicinity and design
ed to surprise and take Alvarado, went off in
pursuit of him at the head of one hundred
and fifty men, proceeding up the river. At
last dates the expedition had not returned to
Alvarado, nor had any account been received
from it.
The editor of the Sun of Anahuac has seen
the Republican*) of the 28th June, containing
Mr. Buchanan’s letter, with which we are all fa
miliar, and the pretended proceedings of an
American council of war. Upon the informa
tion thus derived, tho editor founds an article
which we give below. [His views are more
fully developed on the Spanish side, but the
English article is sufficient.] As to the court
martial alluded to , the proceedings will be
found in the news from the city of Mexico.
I From the Sun of Anahuac of the Bth itist.]
What course will Gen. Scott Pursue f —The
late intelligence we have received from Mexi
co of the correspondence between Mr. Bu
chanan and the Mexican Minister of Foreign
Relations, treating of peace, has, it seems to
us, altered the course which Gen. Scott was
to pursue.
We have deferred our remarks until now,
because we -were afraid to be too hasty in our
speculations.
It seems most likely to us that Gen. Scott
will not advance any further until he receives
orders from Washington to do so. But will
the Cabinet at Washington give this order ?
We doubt it very much, because it would
throw more difficulties in the way of negotia
tions.
It must have struck the mind of every one
who has read the correspondence above al
luded to, that the tone of the Mexican Govern
ment has altered very much, if we should
from the few lines addressed to Mr. Bu
chanan by the Mexican Premier in answer to
his propositions of peace. We do not see in
his letter, any of that arrogance which in every
instance before has characterized the Mexican
diplomatic correspondence—but on the con
trary a pretty polite, though short answer, in
which he says that he declines answering to
the arguments of Mr. Buchanan, until Con
gress, to whom he refers the matter, and who
have solely the power to decide, shall have
acted upon them. In a note which he ad
dresses to Congress, he presses them to take
immediate action upon them.
But in the meantime what is Gen. Scott to
do? Wifi fie take up his line of march for the
capital while there are hopes entertained for
peace? This is not at all probable. We there
fore come to the conclusion that he will not
make a step forward until all hopes for con
cluding a treaty of peace is lost.
Late and Important from Mexico.
Council of War in Qcn, Scott's Camp~~ Order to
March upon Mexico—March Countermanded —
Santa Anna's Preparations —the Column of
Honor —letter from Gen. Repub
licano upon Mexican Victories , Ac., 3sc,
Byway of Tampico we yesterday received a
copy of El Republican/) , from the city of Mexi
co, of the 30th June; also the number of the
26th, which was musing from our previous
file. Both papers contain matter of great in
terest.
A postscript in the paper of the 28th con
tains a report of the proceedings of a council
*4 war said to have been held in Gen. Scott’s
camp on Thursday, the 24th, the business of
which was to determine whether or not to ad
vdiice upon the capital. One general, whose
name is not given, is said t'o havc argued tMI
it would be imprudent, hay, an act qt madness,
to advance upon the city with Jess than twen
ty thousand men; that upon the sllppbsitioii
that everything should work favorably for
them, it was evident that they could not enter
the capital without resistance; and that sup
posing in their different engagements they |
should lose half of their force or more, they ;
would be left with some four thousand men, I
with which number it was extremely hazar
ous to attempt to hold so populous a city.
Gen. Worth was of a different opinion. He
maintained that every invader who hesitated
was lost; that in their situation a single retro
grade movement involved the most disastrous
consequences, and that this had already been
proved. He added proudly that six or eight
thousand Americans were sufficient to conquer
twenty thousand Mexicans; that then triumph
was certain and there was ro reason for not
pressing on. Gen. Scott and others are said
to have approved these sentiments, so that it
was at hist determined that they should com- |
mence tire forward movement on the 28th, but
1 upon the suggestion of some one that it might
not be proper to act so promptly after having
just despatched the communication from the
Government of the United States with renew- ,
ed offers of peace, Gen. Scott replied that he j
would wait some days at Rio Frio to receive
the answer of the Mexican Government.
The American force at the time of this coun
cil was set down by the Mexicans at eight
thousand five hundred men, thirty pieces of |
artillery and one mortar.
Tire ’Republicano remarks upon this informa- j
lien: “We believe the Americans have com- !
promised their situation beyond measure; and i
even in the event, certainly very difficult, that
; they win triumphs upon triumphs, their Very
victories will cah.se their ruin.”
The council above spoken df, Waft held 6n the
24th. It is not alluded to in the Star of Pue
bla of the 26th nor in Mr. Kendall’s letters
! which come down, to the 36th. Yet the facts
; are said to be derived from a responsible source
' andthey look plausible—Gen. Worth’s opinions |
particularly so. The RepabUcano of the 29 th, i
! says nothing about the subject, but in the
! paper of the 30th is another postscript to which
1 is prefixed- in large letters “Very Important.”
This postscript mentions the receipt of letters
| announcing the debarkation of 1800 men at
Vera Cruz from Tampico, who had marched '
immediately for Puebla. (This is probably 4
Gen. Cadwallader’s detachment.) The letters
further said that Gen Scott had already ordered
the march of the first brigade, consisting of
fifteen hundred troops with ten guns and a
mortar, towards the city of Mexico when he
learned that the train was detained at Nopalucan 1
[forty-two miles this side of Puebla and fifty- 1
one beyond Perotc;] —that he thereupon conn- ,
termanded the march upon Mexico, and des- |
patched a force to the assistance of the train j
coming up. The letters then speak of the rc- ;
view of the troops which took place on the
26th. The number of troops is again set down
at 8,500 men, without including those who
occupy the fortifications of San Juan, Loreto, i
&c. But the most important paragraph is that
Gen. Scott would probably postpone his march
i upon the city until the 10th July, to allow
these reinforccmects to come up. We give
these various pieces of news as we find them,
but the reader will constantly bear in mind
that our advices direct from Puebla are later
than these by the city of Mexico.
Tile Jk Republicano , in this same postscript,
thinks it very probable that Gen. Taylor will
abandon Saltillo, Matamoros and other towns
in the North of Mexico and shortly proceed to I
Vera Cnlz to Sssist in the taking of the cap
ital, which is rtow, it adds, the object of the
aspirations of the Americans* It is very anx
j foils that the Government should direct Gens.
: Valencia arid Salas, how at Sail Luis, that they
! harrass the retreat of Oeri. Taylor.
We see an order of Santa Anna issued on
the 29th, admitting provisions of various kinds
1 into the city free of ditty* This is to last only
as long as martial law prevails,
i Another order has been issued modifying A
j previous one directing the closing of shops !
I every afternoon. They are now to be closed !
i only on Tuesdays. The object of closing the
shops was to compel every body to turn out
for military drill.
On the 28th,Gen. Santa Anna issued through
the Secretary of war a brief but stringent dc
! cree to this effect: ’The army of the enemy be
' ing upon the eve of moving upon the capital
with a view to attack the same, and the mo
ment having arrived to act boldly, energetical
ly and uniformly, to repel our common enemy
in a manner decisive and happy for our arms,
it is decreed that martial law having been de
clared, it shall be strictly enforced, and that no
j other authority whatever shall be recognised
than that of the general in command of the
army of the East. This General is Lombar
dini. The decree is followed up by another
greatly restricting the intercourse between the
city and country, and pointing out who may
go and come. The details would be uninter
esting here.
The Republicano urges the formation of a
body of troops under the name of Columna dn
Honor —something like the Legion of Honor—
in which officers of all grades not actually on
duty in defence of the city shall serve as pri
vate soldiers. Quite an eloquent article is de
voted to the support of this subject, but Santa
Anna will look with a jealous eye upon every
suggestion coming from this quarter.
Robberies are said to be very frequent in the
capital, and no adequate force is detailed to
prevent them.
The Republicano blames the Government for
not communicating at once with Mr. Trist,
without referring the subject matter of Sir.
Buchanan’s letter to Congress. It holds that
it is the business of the Executive thus to
manage negotiations, and refer the result to
the wisdom of Congress. Besides, it says,
1 that in all probability it will be impossible to
I procure a quorum of Congress. To refer over
-1 tures thus is to break them off in the outset.
I That paper takes good care to prevent the in
ference from this remark that it favors peace.
It is on the contrary, open-mouthed for war.
It would not grant a truce for a single day,
nor omit preparations for defence. However,
it concludes its article by trusting that the Ex
ecutive, as well as Congress will show thera
seles “extremely difficult” in relation to peace,
i and not consent to one unless the conclusion
of it shall protect in every particular the hon
or, the good name and the interests of the na
tion. We regard this as a concession on the
part of the Republicano and of good omen for
peace.
We hear not a word of the American offi
cers, prisoners in Mexico. We fear their hopes
of liberation are to be again for some days de
ferred.
The papers contain accounts of several out
rages committed by Americans in Puebla. We
do not believe a word of them. Some of the
stories are utterly preposterous.
One paper pretends that Gen. Scott is driv
en to make a desperate attempt upon the capi
tal by the scantiness of his resources and the
discontent of the volunteers ! Mexicans are
not unprepared for him, it adds.
We have the decree of Santa Anna by which
he endeavors to prevent the introduction into
the country of goods entered at ports in our
possession. It declares all such goods forfeited.
We have not room for the details to-day.
Our readers may recollect that some time
since our correspondent at Saltillo informed us
of a great excitement occasioned there by the
arrival of two Mexican officers from San Luis
with despatches from Gen. Taylor. They were
supposed to be propositions for peace, but
turned out to be solemn inquiries whether it
was the General's intention “to conduct the
Avar according to manner adopted by the
C amajiches.” The wrath of Gen. Taylor at
this preposterous insolence of the Mexicans
was described as ludicrous, but we have never
seen his reply till now'. In the Mexican papers
lately received, the whole correspondence is
given in Spanish. The letter to Gen. Taylor
was from Gen. Mora y \ illamil, and dated the
10th May. THe letter is long and we have no
idea of translating it, and the impudence of it
was not a whit exaggerated by our corres
pondent. The nature of it will be sufficiently
disclosed by Gon. Taylor’s reply, which we
translate, although we feel what injustice his
terse and elegant style will suffer by the dou
ble translation. The letter is said to be dated,
Headquarters, near Monterey ,May 10, 1817.
SiV—l received yesterday your communica
tion of the 10th inst, which informs me that
you are instructed by the President Substitute
of the Republic to address me, with a view to
demand from me a categorical reply—“whether
my wishes and my instructions are to prosecute
the war in conformity to the laws of nations
and as war is conducted by civilized countries,
or as barbarous tribes carry it on among them
selves, it being understood that Mexico is dis
posed and resolved to accept the manner which
is proposed or carried out, and awaits the re
sult in order to dictate its measures according
* If these instructions were not communicated
to me through an authorityas highly respecta
ble as yourself, I should refuse to believe they
emanated from the Chief Magistrate of the
Republic, containing, as in fact they do contain
in my judgment, an implied but not less de
liberate insult towards me and towards the
Government which I have the honor to repre
sent. Viewing them in this light, I shall decline
giving the categorical reply which is demanded
Os me, which I do with the respect due t-o his
Excellency the President.
As you have thought fit to communicate to {
me the instructions of your Government at '
some length, upon the manner in which the
war has been Carried on upon my part, I im
prove this Opportunity to make some remarks j
upon the subject-.
The outrages to which especial reference is
made, came to niy knowledge after they had
been perpetrated, and I Can Assure you that ,
neither yourself nor the President of the Re- !
plihlic can have felt deCpCr pain than that
which I felt on the Occasion; All the means i
at my disposal, within the limits of our laws,
wore* employed, but in the greater number of
cases fruitlessly, to identify aiid punish the 1
delinquents. 1 cannot suppose that you have
been so ill informed as to believe that such at
rocities were comhitted by my connivance, or
der or consent, or that they, by themselves, i
give an idea of the manner iii which the war
has been prosecuted in this part of Mexico.—
I They were in truth unfortunate exceptions,
caused by circumstances which I could not con
trol. . . :
It appears to hie in point to inform yolt, that i
from the moment the American army Set foot
! upon the territory of Mexico, it has suffered
I individually the loss of officers and soldiers
who have been assasainated by Mexicans, some
times almost in sight of their own camp. Art
outrage of this character preceded the melan
choly affair of Catena. Ido not mention these
truths with the view of justifying in any
manner the practice of retaliation, because ray
Government is sufficiently civilized to make a
distinction between the lawless acts of indivi
duals and the general policy which governs the ;
i operations of the enemy, but you have endea
i vored to made a comparison between our res
pective Governments in regard to the manner
in which they conduct the war, which I cannot
p:iss without remark. In this connection it
should be borne in mind that the Mexican troops
j have given to the wmld the example of killing
the wounded upon Hie field of battle.
As you have adverted to the requisition
which I have made upon the people of these j
States to make indemnity for the losses incur- j
red by the destruction of one of our trains, I j
i take the liberty of informing you that this 1
| was not the actof the Mexican troops exclu- j
j sively, but the rancheros of the country ;
I were chiefly concerned in it; and that the sub- |
sequent assassination aud mutillution of the
Unarmed teamsters were marked by an atro
cious barbarity unequ died in the present war. j
It is with pain that I find myself under the
necessity of addressing you in a manner to
which I am little accustomed; but I have been
provoked to do so by the object and the man- !
ner of your communication, which is objec- j
tiouable, in my estimation, as well in its insin- j
nations as in its tone. With respect to the j
implied threat of retaliation, I beg you to un
derstand that I hold it at its true worth, and |
that lam at all times prepared to act accord
ingly, whatever may be the policy or mode of
carrying on the war which the Mexican Gov- •
j eminent or its generals may think it proper to ■
adopt. I am, sir, with much respect, your j
obedient servant.
One of the marked features in Santa Anna’s
new policy is the.profusion with which he is i
issuing military commissions. Eight hundred j
and thirty-five were issued in one month from
the 24th of May last, nearly all of them being
promotions. The Itejmblicano comments upon
this subject at length, and with freedom.- —
From the body of its article we translate a pas
sage, which shows in what estimation sensible
meu in Mexico hold the performances of their
own army:
It is worthy of note that this prodigality of j
military honors could not be more ill-timed or (
worse received than at this moment, when, far
from having victories to reward, we have only
seen defeats to reprobate. It is now only a
little more than a year since there was upon the
soil of the Republic an enemy’s army of four
thousand men upon the for side of the Rio
Bravo, which refused to take the initiative.—
To-day, at the end of one year, through the
dispositions of the military who were in power,
and the conduct of the military who obeyed
orders, we find that a handful of men, for the
most part without discipline and without the
powerful resource of cavalry, are now in Pue
bla without having suffered hitherto a single
defeat. Our army has succumbed without
fortune, without glory. Palo Alto, La Re
saca, Monterey, Ei Sacramento, Vera Cruz and
Cerro Gordo are names which our descendants
will blush to pronounce. We cau only speak
the name of La Angostura, and this because
there the Mexican soldier proved his intrepidi
ty —otherwsse there is no doubt that that un
decisive action was as disastrous as a defeat. —
This campaign of one year has been every way
fatal to our reputation by the manner in which
we succumbed. At Palo Alto and Resaca we
took the initiative without the precaution
which good sense counsels for the event, al
ways possible, of a defeat; aud thus the Mexi
can army only passed the Rio Bravo to con
tinue its retreat from Matamoros and retire to
Monterey, there to sign an ignominious capit
ulation after a short siege, in which the be
siegers were fewer in number than the besieged
—The attack upon Vera Cruz having been an
nounced since January, it was resolved to de
fend that city for the purpose of confessing af
terwards that defence was impossible, and not
only to lose vast materials of war and subject
the citizens to a horrible bombardment, and
that we might reckon among our misfortunes
the fate of an army which, without losing the
twentieth part of its force, laid down its arms
and surrendered as prisoners of Avar. And to
conclude, in the disgraceful affair of Cerro
Gordo, our route was so complete that that
pqjjstr being carried, four thousand of theenemy i
have advanced as far as Puebla without hear
ing a single gun fired against them ! To just
ify the creation of military employment, it is
necessary that the nation should have oppor
tunity to rewt rd the glorious services which
she expects from her sons on the field of bat
tle. Then public regard will accompany com
missions founded upon these deeds, but which,
Avithout such deeds, are not to be endured.
An American writer could hardly sum up
more justly the events of the war. It is to be
remarked that very shortly after the appear
ance of the article from which we have extract
ed, Santa Anna laid his hand heavily upon the
press. The later papers we have from the cap
ital are by no means so interesting or instruc
tive as those isstlcd just prior to his interfer
ence with. the liberty ot the press.
Chicago Convention. —Ueclaraticms of*
Sentiments;
The Convention submit to their fellow-citi
zens and to the Federal Government, the fol
lowing propositions, as expressing their own
sentiments and those of their constituents;
1 . That the Constitution of the United .States
was formed by practical men for practical pur
poses, declared in its preamble: “To provide
for the common defence, to promote the gen
eral welfare, and to secure the blessings of lib
erty;” and Avas mainly designed to create a
Government whose functions should and would
be adequate to the protection of tho common
interests of all the States, or of tAvo or more of
them, which could not be maintained by the
action of the separated States. That in strict
accordance Avith this object, the revenues de
rived from commerce Avcre surrendered to the
General Government, with the express under
standing that they should be applied to the
promotion of those common interests.
2. That among those common interests and
objects were —Ist. Foreign commerce, to the
regulation of which the powers of the States
severally were confessedly inadequate; and 2d.
Internal trade and navigation, Avherever the
concurrence of two or more States was neces
sary to its preservation, or where the expense
of its maintenance should be equitably borne
by two or more States, and Avhei'e of course
those States must necessarily have a voice in
its regulation; and hence resulted the consti
tutional grant of poAvcr to Congress, “to regu
| late commerce with foreign nations and among
I the States.”
3. That being thus possessed both of the
means and of the power Avhich were denied to
the States respectively, Congress became obli
gated by every consideration of good faith and
Common justice, to cherish and increase both
j ihc kinds of commerce thus committed to its
care, by Expanding and extending the means
of conducting them, and of affording them all
those facilities and all that protection which
the States ind'iA’idually would have afforded,
j had the revenue and the authority been left to
, them.
1 4. That obligation has ever been recognised
from the foundation of the Government, and
j lias been fulfilled partially by erecting light
houses, building piers for harbors, breakwaters,
' and sea-walls, removing obstructions in rivers,
and providing other facilities for the commerce
| carried on from the ports of the Atlantic coast;
and the obligations have been fulfilled to a
much less extent in providing Similar facili
ties for a “commence among the States,” and
the principle has been most emphatically
acknoAvledged to embrace the Western lakes
and fivers, by appropriations for numerous
lighthouses upon them, which appropriations
have never been questioned in Congress as
wanting constitutional authority;
5. That thus; by a series of acts which have
received the sanction of the people of the Uni
ted States, imd of every Department of the
Federal Government under all Administra
tions, the common understanding of the intent
and objects of the framers of the constitution
in granting to Congress the poAver td regiilatc
commerce, has been manifested, arid has been
confirmed by the people, and this understand
ing has become as much a part of that instrii
j ment as any one of its most explicit provisions.-
i 0. That the poAvcr to “regulate commerce
j with foreign nations, and among the States,
| and A\ r ith the Indian tribes,” is on its face so
i palpably applicable in its Avhole extent to each
i of the subjects enumerated, equally and in the
same manner, as to render any attempts to
make it more explicit idle and futile; and that
those Avlio admit the rightful application of the
1 power to foreign commerce, by facilitating and
protecting its operations, b}' impoA'ing harbors
j aud clearing out xxavigable riA'ers, cannot con
! sistently deny that it equally authorizes simi
i lar facilities to “commerce among the States.”
i 7. That “foreign commerce” is dependant
I upon internal trade for the distribution of its
I freights, and for the means of paying for them,
| so that Avhatevcr improves the one advances
! the other, and they are so inseparable that they
should be regarded as one; that an export from
the American shore to a British port in Cana
-1 da, is as much foreign commerce as if it had
i been directly to Liverpool, and that an expor
| tation to LiA'crpool neither gains nor loses any
i of the characteristics of foreign commerce by
i the directness or circuity of the route; wheth-
I er it passes through a custom-house on the
i British side of the St. LaAvrence, or descends
through that river and its connecting canals
to the ocean, or Avhcther it passes along the ar
tificial communications and natural streams of
any of the States to the Atlantic.
8. That the General GoA'emment, by ex
tending its j urisdictiou over lake and naA'iga
ble rivers, subjecting them to the same laws
Avhich prevail on the ocean, and on its bays
i and ports, not only for purposes of revenue,
| but to give security to life and property, by the
regulations of steamboats, has precluded itself
from denying that jurisdiction for any other
legitimate regulation of commerce. If it has
power to control aud restrain—it must have
the same power’to protect, assist, and facilitate;
and, if it denies the jurisdiction in the one
mode of action, it should renounce it in the
other.
9. That, in consequence of the peculiar dan
gers of the naA'igation of the lakes, arising from
the Avant of harbors for shelter, and of the
Western riA'ers from snags aud other obstruc
tions, there are no parts of the U. S. more
emphatically demanding the prompt and con
tinued care of the Government to diminish
those dangers, and to protect the property and
life exposed to them; and that any one Avho
can regard provisions for those purposes as
sectional, local, and not national, must be Avant
ing in information of the extent of the com
merce carried on upon those lakes and riA’ers,
and of the amount of teeming population oc
cupied or interested in that navigation.
10- That, having regard to the relative popu
lation or to the extent of commerce, the appro
priations heretofore made for the interior rivers
and lakes, and the streams connecting them
Avith the ocean, have not been in a just and
fair proportion of those made for the benefit of
the Atlantic coast; and that the time has ar
rived Avhen this injustice should be corrected
in the only mode in which it can be done by
the united, determined, and persevering efforts
of those Avhose rights have been oA’erlooked.
11. That, independent of the right to pro
tection of “Comraesce among the States,” the
right of “common defence” guarantied by the
constitution, entitles those citizens inhabiting
the country bordering upon the interior hikes
and rivers, to such safe and convenient harbors
as Avill afford shelter to a navy, AA r hcnever it
shall be rendered necessary by hostilities Avith
our neighbors, and that the construction of
such harbors cannot safely be delayed to the
time Avhich will demand their immediate use.
12. That the argument most commonly
n urged against appropriations to protect “Com
merce among the States,” and to de.end the
inhabitants of the frontiers, that they invite
sectional combinations to ensure success o
many unAvorthy objects, is founded on a prac
tical* distrust of the republican principles ot
our Government, and of the capacity ot tne
peonle to select competent and honest repre
sentatives. That it may be urged with equal
force against legislation upon any other sub
ject, involving various and extensi\’e interests.
That a just appreciation of the rights and in
terests of our fellow-citizens, in every quarter
of the Union, disclaiming selfish and local pur
poses, will lead intelligent representatives to
such a distribution of the means in the xrea
sury upon a system of moderation aud ulti
mate equality, aa will in time meet the most
urgent wants of all. and prevent those jealou
sies and suspicions Avhich threaten the most
serious danger to our Confederacj’.
13. That we are utterly incapable of per
ceiving the difference between a harbor for
shelter and a harbor for commerce, and sup
pose that a mole or pier, Avhich will afford safe
anchorage aud protection to a vessel against a
storm, milst necessarily improve such harbor,
and adapt it to commercial purposes.
14. That the imposts on foreign goods and
the public lands being the common heritage of
all our citizens, so long as these resources con
tinue, the imposition of any special burden on
any portion of the people to obtain the means
of accomplishing objects equally within the
duty and the competency of the General Go
vernment, Avould be unjust and oppressive.
15. That we disavow all and every attempt
to connect the cause of internal trade and
“Commerce among the States” with the for
tunes of any political party; but Ave mean to
place that cause upon such immutable princi
ples of truth, justice, and constitutional duty
as shall command the respect of all parties, and
the deference of all candidates for public favor.
dngiista, (Georgia.
FOR GOVERNOR
HON. 0. W. TOWMS.
OF TALBOT.
The members of the Convention Avere fully
aAvare that Mr. Welmot, Avho introduced the
proviso, isa Democrat; that this attack upon
slavery originated in the Democratic ranks;
aud that it meets Avith more favor among North
ern Democrats than Northern Whigs. — Chron
icle <Sf Sentinel, 20th inst.
Can it be possible that the editor who pen
ned the aboA’e paragraph, in reference to the
late Democratic Convention of this State, be
lieA'es what is here asserted? Does he belieA’e
that that Convention Avas aware that this at
tack upon slavery (the Wilmot Proviso) meets
i with more favor among Northern Democrats than
j Northern Whigs?"
The editor believes no such thing. The
editor knotrs that the Convention Avas not a-
Avare of the fact here assorted. The editor
ought to know, and if he recollects the A’ote both
in the U; S. Senate and in the House, he does
knowj that the Wilmot Proviso received the vote
of everg Northern Whig, and that five Northern
Democrats, in the Senate, and seventeen North
ern Democrats; in the House, A'oted against
! the Wilmot ProA'iso. That Proviso was de
feated by means of these very Northern Demo-*
cratic votes;
I It is a little singular that any one, in the
j i"ery teeth of these facts, can assert that the
j Wilmot Proviso meets Avith more faA'or among
j Northern Democrats than Northern Whigs,
i The exact reverse of this assertion is true.
The editor cannot name a single Northern
Whig Avho does not favor the Wilmot Pro
viso;
Hard to Answer.
The Cassville Pioneer, after stating iri reply
to the revived slang of Ezekiel Polk being a
Tory in the rcA’olutiori, that the people of
Georgia and of the Union hailed that rap to
the counter in 1844, asks the following ques
tions;
“Was Zeke Polk a Tory?”
“Had he not (proA'ided he did) the' same
right to oppose the war of ’7G, as the Whig-3
j of this day have of opposing the war with
j Mexico?”
“What difference is there in opposing the
present Avar, and that of ’76?”
“Are not the rights of our country as sacred
noAV as they were then?”
The following are also some of its comments
on another question, which, has been A r ery per
tinently asked;
“ Who is Duncan L. Clinchf —Friend Camp
bell of the Federal Union, asks the above
question, and avc think A-ery properly too, as
Duncan L. is a man of very little reputation,
and none, only his military fame, which he ac
quired at the battle of Withlacoochee, in a
skirmish with the Seminoles. But who is Dun
can L. Clinch? The Whig papers answer, who,
surely, but the “Hereof Withlacoochee .” And
Ave say, Avho, but the “ Hero as Withlacoochee?”
If they can tell us he is any thing else, we’ll
“gub it up .”
One of our whig exchanges says: “They (the
people) have not forgotten his brief but brilliant
career as a member of Congress.” Well uoav
that takes our “old hat.” What do you mean?
The “brief” part is plain enough, but what do
you mean by “brilliant?” Do you mean that
he Avent to Washington and never opened his
“mouth” —sat in his place,, and looked as know
ing as possible,—is that what you call brilliant?
If you call it by that name, it is the first time
avc have ever heard it so called. The same
paper says he is an “admirer of our present
able Chief Magistrate.” Well who doubts
that —he may be an admirer of Gov. CraAvford,
but has that any thing to do with, “who is
Duncan L. Clinch?” avc think not, and we
further think, that many such silly answers
will be made, before the people are satisfied
“who Duncan L. Clinch is?”
The Chicago Convention.
This body has put forth a string of resolu
tions Avhich it denominates “A Declaration of
Sentiments.” All except the 6th passed with
unanimity. They Avcre cautiously framed in
order to prevent division and excitement, yet
while they do not perhaps actually infringe on
the constitutional scruples of the strict con
structionist, they may serve as an opening
wedge to the most lavish expenditures of the
National Treasury. There Avould be nothing
very alarming in their specious generalities,
Avere it not that the Convention manifested the
most marked impatience at all allusions to the
restrictions imposed by the constitution. It
Avould not hear Mr. D. D. Field, a strict con
structionist, Avithout frequent tokens of disap
probation, and the strangest desire was exhibit
ed to silence him. Whereas, the Hon, An
dreAv Stewart and other speakers A\’ho were
the most notorious latitudinaxians were listened
to 'with, pleasure and applause. The most lati
tudinous views were well received.
We feel no hostility to the West, or to that
section interested In the navigation of the great
waters of the West—both lakes and rivers.—
Nor would we willingly see those waters ex
| fiom a fair share of the legislative boun
ty, constitutionally applied. But when juris
diction is claimed for Congress over all “navi-
9 ablc rivers ,” as is done in the eighth resolution
of this Convention, the door is thrown wide
open for expenditures, which, under a system
of log-rolling, would exhaust the richest trea
sury that was ever known to the world. What
is a navigable river, admits of a very widesig
niticution, and every resident on the side of
the most modest rivulet, may in time claim to
be one of the beneficiaries of the constistution
al powers so conceded. Mr. Webster in his
letter to the Convention gives the whole figure
in favor of rivers and harbors. All distinctions
as to rivers or harbors from size or length, or
depth or location he denounces as “unnatural
and far-fetched.” The Albany Atlas happily
applies to Mr. Webster’s views of the powers
of government over the question, the story of
the Western Steamboat Captain, who said “ha
could run his boat wherever it was a little
damp.” Mr. W ebster thinks government can
clear out a river or construct a harbor when
ever it is a little dam.”
The Whigs generally showed at that Con
vention a determination to carry the internal
improvement doctrine to the farthest limits.
Going the Higrht Way to Work.
The attention of all good democrats is espe
cially invited to the following proceedings of
their brethren of Walker County. Those
’ Walker County democrats show themselves to
be sensible men .and take the correct view of
the exigencies of the case in the present can
vass. We hold it to lx 4 a moral impossibility
that the whig party of Georgia can triumph id
the approaching election, if tho people are duly
informed of the position of that party upon
! all questions at issue. Their doctrines and
principles can never receive the deliberate
sanction of Republican Georgia —Never—Nev-
er. If the people will read ana inform them
selves, they will not allow federalism to fcreep
into the high places of power irt our State.
They will not allow it to spedk the voice Os
the State —to sever her from her democratic
sisters of the South, and throw her into tho
embrace of the whig and abolition States of
the North. 'They never will allow her to be
arrayed side by side with federal Massachu
setts —fighting side by side in the caufse of
whig principles and giving her voice and her •
influence in their favor. The whigs are con
tending for whig principles—they so declare
bv their recent convention. If whig prikCj
pcks be the same in Georgia and in Massachu
setts —and throughout the Union, mid the
convention has not pointed out any difference;
then it is clear whig principles suit not the lati
tude of Georgia. She has spoken her opinion
against them in refusing to vote for Henry
Clav, the great champion of those principles,
and she will speak that opinion again. She will
not allow herself to be defrauded by the shallow
trick of the whigs irt putting up Gen. Taylor as
their candidate —as the champion of whig
principles, in the face of his distinct refusal to b©
that candidate, or to favor their party schemes.
He refuses to be the candidate of the whig
party. That party therefore attempts a fraud
upon the people in falsely asserting that he is
the candidate of the whig party.
The democrats of Walker county have re
commended the true remedy against fraud and
imposition'. They recommend that newspa
pers be subscribed for and circulated among
£hc people. They will thereby be enabled to
tote Intelligently, and calmly; They will know
who they vote for, and what principles their
totes trill Sustain; They will not lx? influ
enced fey the' dr dirt and fife humbug, attempt
ed to be imposed upon them by the Whig
Convention by its military rformnation; They
■will teach that convention! that it has under
rated their intelligence, in stfppoSlhg that tho
popular mind could be drowned by the noise#
of a drum and fife, and thus be gulled into 1 the
support of federal principles and federal policy
which Georgia has uniformly opposed and re
pudiated.
Democratic Meeting- in Walker.
According to previous notice, a portion of
the Democratic party of Walker county met
in the coui*t-house, for the purpose of extend
ing an invitation to the Hon. G. W. Towns,
the Democratic nominee for Governor, to visit
this section of country during the canvass.
On motion, of Col. E. 11. Harden, it w as
Resolved , That a committee of five be ap
pointed, by the Chairman, to address a letter
i of invitation to the Hon. G. W. Towns, to visit
j this county as early as convenient.
Thereupon the Chairman appointed James
Hays, R. M. Ay cock, E. R. Harden, R. M.
Young, and D. Stew-art, that committee.
On motion of li. M. Aycock, the meeting
recommended that the Democrats of Walker
county subscribe for, and circulate, as far aa
practicable, some Democratic paper, to the
end that the people be correctly informed of
the question at issue between the political par
ties of the State.
On motion, it w'as
Resolved , That the proceedings of this meet
ing be published in the Georgia Pioneer,
The meeting then adjourned.
SAMUEL FARISS, Chairman,
E. W. Maush, Sec’y.
Murderers Arrested.
We learn that two of the negroes of Dr.
Rogers, of Bryan county, who absconded after
murdering a very valuable negro driver of Dr,
R. have been arrested and committed to tho
jail of this county.— Savannah Georgian .
For Congress.
The Democrats of the Fourth Congressional
District of Maryland, which embraces the first
fifteen wards of Baltimore, have nominated
Robert M. McLane, Esq. as their candidate for
Congress.
3ft, The Greenville Mountaineer of the 16th mst
says:—“lt is with pleasure we learn that tho
Hon. B, F. Perry has consented to be a candi
date for Congress at the- next election, the
Hon,. R. F. Simpson having given notice to his
friends that he declines a re-election. Major
Perry’s term of service in the Senate of this
State will expire with the next session of the
, Legislature,"