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, -i tt mmiw II —r ,M ” iv V&& txnr ’% v ?t f :rm • • •« * • - - - --tv 1 * ■ •*• • t HJ£ ( TO i.TONA fjlsT. iHily, pitr auuviu ~m ~y i > T’ {.ei AlV'.V'Pl ;-rw ' . -.. v. •... - ■•• > A li i UUVUIu !’«•••••«. •«•##<••%«' k* ' *' 5.; *. t* llU*.n • •• *.■ .* / f *i •■ • «, \ \» * %*, vj» ' 1 oTo iCtui iJQ a* - wVA ; j »\ r ‘ U' • " % ll | ! ' ■ ■ * i ic * - l! "^-5K' v * V - 5 H \ ■T V* O I, am** A \. ? AH . f VtOtS' • ...... , - . .s. • V V «vK‘ 'H- A »- . v v .'. . ■.!(,: » 1 •>•• •■..»» , • ie paujos, <-. -t -v’Vvv:'-. «« »r, v 1 a .evt, u 'iv ■ s’U, % a \ v.v.v v■, re old wine, . ■ ..... . '. ■d to d»>.M\ t-r * 'iv. . * 2ae U.uul in mine ■ < cottage is him; ' 3. -.• ' :e u * nest for flies— > -» r x uuvl shocks the t» -,x-‘ v ;- ’U 'iicily talks a 1 . ■<■> \ i ,;c J m-n to year s>.« : • « »•»/.>.,•■ \;ul wake with a r ' / ->1 «#*v A (1 vour dantM 1 ; i. • 1- i.-* < m noi ~. Is shod ike * •■ st<. Tr«ie !o>e is at '■> • t.* w 1. c • -nt . , And n* e ■ • "I-?.. >;s *.»..«,•■ - vAn 1 true I 'ey tv> ut <t - v .*>e t i: • .A K’ s' *s 0- tea ) m».w . i.<c I !i> \v ' ,-«f i ) 11 ;t< ii < r.vt sn Ojw - ,\r,d his t •n'-.ir - f so f v • t a— A ui sL>I l -’Hii .1 s..»**r s. :t r^. Letter' stf II XT iGSff. Font Ser:ojn T >er I *. lA|?. A/, ri ■• :•* >■ •*. —\ >ti say l.Av-e bc-'S t trr.s bu: tia :to* -w-oli. *Ae rreser.t move inaats-cf f; iz % xzi rened r/.o t> y ? ... v 0 -, several q i:s giv? plilrt laayA Jie, so a planter can Uii.rsriad You xani raas; interested 0:1 *b.e sv >ect cc the teritf and say yon do a st uaietostiad why it is that thesante men ■wh© w it a :: -v years ayo ready even t ) dis s :-V rhe L' non, rit her than suou.it any longer to t-i - systom. a~e now e yaoliy as violent, the othQVway. On the latter point, I have found, iil-df* you, 1 g> > i d -al of driEoulty; but on the min gu * T h:i, I have never felt any difficulty at all. You will recollect, that when yourself find party, a few years ago, thought a protec tive tariff so oppressive- upon the South, that we would l?e justified in risking the Union by minifying it within our borders —both parties agreed in their opposition to the system. They both acknowledged its oppressive operation upon us, and only disagreed as to the time and mide nf redress. The Union party said they were not ready to dissolve the Union, and they,did not belleve that nullification was a Constitutional remedy! If established as a Con stitutional remedy, it would be so easy to re sort ta it* that any State dissatisfied with a law of'Uougreps, would be able to arrest the gov ernment on the most trifling pretexts, and the Constitution would become “a rope of sand.” They hoped for peaceable redress from a re turning sense of justice, after payment of the national debt, and opposed this violent remedy, until they were ready for revolution. This was the.only difference between the two parties. They both opposed a protective tariff, as un equal and oppressive to the South, but one pa ty h*as more violent and intolerant than the other. 1 And why this unanimity at the South, for: so long ‘ a period' It was sad experience from .the moment the first high protective tariff wa imposed. Before experience tested the operation of the system, some .Southern, men of known patriotism were in favor of pro tecting dutifes, and other? from the now tariff* States, against them. The operation of the sys tem was soon discovered to be very unequal, amlmorc clearly against the South than any other section, and for this plain reason: We pay for protecting others, without any equivalent return io ourselves. — Our industry needs no protection, but that,of e jual laws. It is, therefore, our interest to get the. highest price for what we have io sell , and pay the lowest price for what we have to purchase. We can do neither, with out the free privilege of choosing the best mar ket to sell in, and the cheapest market to pur chase in. This, every one will understand without explanation. It is the law of competition. AV e can never sell highest, or purchase lowest, if as sellers, or purchasers, we arc confined to one market. To. confine us to one market, is the effect and tendency of a protective tariff. The price of what wc have to sell, is reduced by lessening the demand for it. This demand is lessened from two causes: Ist., from ina bility to pay for it; 2d., by the exertions made by our beat customers to supply themselves elsewhere on terms of reciprocity. These exer tions are stimulated by our hostile policy, and arc only natural and prudent.—Trade is, sim ply, an exchange of commodities, and must bo reciprocal, or it cannot exist so any great ex tent. .A simple illustration will explain to you in the “plain way” you desire, how we sxifler both as producers and consumers. You are a Cotton planter, and your income, I believe, is principally derived from Cotton. Suppose you have seven bales of Cotton for sale; you sell, one of tffem to a Lowell manufacturer, one-seventh of your crop is all he wishes, and you propose to sell the other six to an Englishman. He proposes to buy, but says it is not convenient to pay. except you will take something in his. line, lie Says to you, that, wages are very low in England, and he can afford to furnish you what’yau want, lower than you can get it any where, else. He offers, you your negro clothing for 15 cents per yard, which you would have to give 31 for in the United States; cotton prints for every day wear, tor the females of, your family, at a 4 cents, that cost 12£ ocuts at the North. In short, he proposes to furnish you, by himeslf and through his neighbors, nearly, everything you need for consumption in your .family tor about half the price vou could purchase it at homo. You are about closmg-'so good -a -bargain, for whilst you are getting all you wish to buy at half its price at home, you are getting full price for your cot ton, which the Englishman is enabled {a yivc 4 be cause you take"the produce rfhis labor[iwpay meat , The Lowell manufacturer and Pennsylvania iron-monger,’ however, step in and forbid the trade. They say to you, that you may sell your cotton, to the Englishman if he can pay you for it; but you'must not "buy nothing from him > You must make your purchases from us. Congress has passed a law to - protect us against, the low interest and cheap labor of Europe. We have.but little capital, and we # Oaf Cottton market Is now low enough- What wotdduf harC falietf to, but for the accidental de mand fcQ^hmaU;ft probably would scarcely hare raid the expenses eff-carrying it.to market. ’ tu*in rß*p»r-t .■vs'tr- yv y..; i .. v VAd. W&i h tlMt-HMd' tw YA We SiVUI t*u U , v.„ 1 . v,\ O ft V *,;■< ; XUifC >v; V \r. • i < V'* s fftjv law mU« v Aev. Mv,v. <v fit l\ l!it> lii l. IO k >A.ia -i i.» Yc' k' lift ua 3 ; ’ 'vs '■ ' the" >,\*"Yss n t.Av >rv-\ 1 .- nr, 1 y .... ... * ’ wqucl. t'i»-An >HI kill 4 uVv ea Hvtv.cn ? T6V lh \ , ’v v , \\ 1: . y w - v»^\ : y v ■ ~ 1 A-dlowed \.‘S. v>h-:r \ .... -vn. ~K., 1 I t ► pro •: -.o ‘'jwuper >. . . os Is *3 you ’> home in t. ; /vi, >.1.. pivtectcd? By com v- ■ v* *; w two bales ofcotton lor wil d v s \ o.Asvsspurchase for one! Ih‘»» ■ C-e nrivilogc of selling hush, ami s v . v t y*! The cheaper the laL>» see s'vb for the more pr ft dt f't. t ; -. ' mi./. >■: an l whether it is the lab o wl pad pci's, or gentlemen, vs of no c idioqUau. . This is the wax all . ♦ ♦’■■■•* • ' eve p** tcctcvl: is aiw ofhov iotcu'd lu iP :*; »(» bcai'litial b\ > <mu lo’ - - I know ot 10m. r'.i.'a ;Id.' ’ oiir'o'.u'l VHVi nio funin etc \r, u .nlv b\ -.\a> -.dii pvme flu thou Imda, ; v. \-• o*. tV.idun o. O'. .4, b\ the a Vv.'-v • ?Vvc ola •••..-1 • i'.!w. mt, i'll \s Vo !i g-.-s -.io .Ic c i.i lot .dn >la\ b- • ; a'l eU'kva m iW ‘'vutberu > sty.-v ■ -si nn.l -;b..U all .•>..■ -. A. ,<■; U. a > H ’.Oi 1 •.•,» ■.> , ' ,c v‘i V V ,S'V i,'.a p\'v'b »b! \ ay - • • A ' t . a uA’.'a tc, (Ac mote, turn vd < ■ • ; tt would bo d.ficu'.t I. V au\ rt o , , ■-w ;bc State kv;. profiled one ct'ut is chis cournmal ami uncom vf,v v-.i i i . that has been ruining the '' 1 • c it 'v t‘ic I vst twcntN ye.us.- V ic ' v. v w,<> once the most prosperous part ..' V 1 >r.. Its wealth became proverbial; -s ' . verpv w envied; its resources were ■ eer.sa. (.'irolina and Oeorgia h»st about :h-lr slaves in the revolution. Carolina .lieu-' ;.\s; upwar.ls of 20.0h0, and the whole S>t.'.te was exhausted and nearly laid waste. Yet the State recovered with almost magical ray: arty. ;uid during the Inst war was enabled, without tooling it, to make large voluntary contributions to the General Government, to save its credit. and carry on the second war wAt'.-n rou krkk th.vue. But now the pov e ty and depression of the south, is derided, and even contemned, by the men who are gloating on its spoils I I saw lately in a north ern paper an article specially devoted to the abuse an 1 ridicule of tsouth-Carolina. The writer stated that she was, perhaps, in her do tage, “and quarrelling with her own gouty limbs.” He wished to know what depen dence the country could pdace in such a peo ple, and intimated, that some of her statesmen have too long escaped the halter I This i* enough to make the blood of the murdered Haync cry aloud from the grave. He was huxg in rebellion against an avaricious aristo cracy, who wished “to cut off our trade with 1 all parts of the world.” And as for “what re | liance” could be placed on Carolina in citse of need, this hero of the spindle may recollect, | that whilst he and his confederates were plot j tin_r treason in the Hartford Convention, and holding out blue lights as signals to the ene mies of their country, Carolina was offering herself body and soul to the Union, and lav ishly appropriating her own treasure to sus tain its sinking credit. There are more who talk of disunion at the north, than at the south. Yet the Northern Clique, with Adams at their ho id, and Slade at their tail, escape all rebuke from either northern or southern patriots.— | Perhaps they assume that the northern j unto are not in earnest. If so, they are right; at I least so long as peace continues. The north will never give up the union in time of peace— whilst under it they can pocket the earnings of the slave and enslave the inaster. Disunion shomd be the last remedy thought of any where, hut certainly if bitter feeling and hos tile threat can bo excused any where, it is en i titled to forbearance in the low country of i South Carolina. Carolina had but little cau.se of quarrel with England before the revolution. After the purchase by the crown from the proprietors, it was treated with great indul gence, as were in fact all the southern colo nies. Their principal complaint was “for cut i ting off our trade with all parts of the world.” They engaged heartily in the last war, to se cure “free trade and sailors’ rights.” If now restricted in their foreign trade, they lose every thing fought for in two wars, except the name of independence. In fact, they have lost more, for they had before free trade with the colonies, an’D with Great Britain and its dependencies. — They could not manufacture if they would : so that the bounty to manufacturers is not on ly a clear loss to them now, but must always remain so. I am, however, going beyond your inquiries : let me return. It is contended by some that the depression of the south compared with other sections, is owing to over production of her staples, and their consequent decline in value. This is not true, or if to any, certain ly to no great extent. Other productions, both at home and abroad, have fallen in like ratio, when produced under free competition. And if the planter were allowed, as formerly, the benefit of competition in the sale of his pro duce, and purchase of his supplies, his gross profits would be less, but his nett profits would purchase him as many comforts as the" ever ; did. But it is said that high duties do not raise prices at all, but on the contrary, reduce them ! I confers I scarcely know how such a propo sition should he treated. What do they want ; with high duties? They tell you they wish to exclude competition. Why do they wish to exclude competition? They toll you that also.—They say, “in England apt! on the con tinent, capital is worth onl}’- three or four per cent. Labor is worth five shillings per week, board included, whilst in this country it costs 1 nearly that per day. Under those circumstan ces, how can the American manufacturers com pete with those of Europel” &c. They wish then to be protected against the competition of low prices, that they may sell to you still i cheaper; though in the same breath, they will tell you they cannot afford to sell so cheap ! ! If there I be a plain and palpable absurdity here, there is certainly something to admire in the bold and unblushing effrontery with which it is as serted. Mr. Stephens, to bo sure, says it is a little “strange:” but he says there are other strange things around us, “How the vapors as cend, and, from the clouds in the firmament a bove, again fall in refreshing showers,” is strange also,—and .so it is. I confess that lam not much skilled in “vapors,” but if few of them were employed in treating this subject, a notch clearer light, would shine upon it. Wc should first satisfy ourselves of the fdets, before • * 1 he facts are as here stated, though the gener al rise on plain and cheap calicoes is not as great here stated. I think my merchant was proha bi) mistake'll in stating the quality of the shirting to be r.ie same. The calico was English and im ported during the sixty days of low duties, and sliows w aht the article would cost with a revenue dut} and lair competition,— plain enttons have risen less than any, other protected article, and but for the monopoly or the home market, would have fal len srn'ce 1842 atJemt 25 per. cent. ' **‘ T ‘...4 ti. cmukui,* ftlf " • V ■ j ' ■ V ..torf 1 •*••• / ‘V « ■ X} : h UtL*. V*v '■ '■ \ P ‘V* - • .■do • »,;V vU U-f --1. 1.. , - *1(1.1 >v*UlO * v I \\i. d. . *\o UUr . \ .i„ Ly\\vW-v\ BVO v- - . a. . V ~. va s ,j ikvs uuvl during the , , , , , . ' 1 ;•> 60 4 . -V - \ W-A-ifiS tor 01 wuU in 1813, a . -J..V a 1 uvw pay 10 cents for, and 1 . ...... w. : s i'.p i. 11. t that tncy mil him 0 Vv. - ■ Sc; o clothin * that I paid 22 xa i VS*3k I have pricM and find H now 30 ~ t ,iv.p calicoes that / nan sold ill sh» > v-Ing of IS 1 », in New York, ut 6 «‘-mRs, I am uoav assured, b_\ whig rmm-hM ;to lie. t, w<mM C''>t 11 or 12 cents,* Duuny ba-miptj Dial ill July, 1812, us 11 Ciflpa, Jtj W**> *"O<M» 1 believe, 20 or 22 e uis, Kc. lis “fm i* 1 ' come wit hin mv OWU liiim ii. l.jc, rq iiin <h. rived limn wUiu iumidi op s of (hi-? »if f Jo 1 irl, I 110 \ ili'O bt I 10it ■ i))i) 11 .« (li.il (iin y ~>,> ■, I ii' i dill ii tit nil lit) i. I Inn iiii it,,. In (q i,i iitifit/f O mg jii il i ip,, > i ‘i . . Ifti•i. i i i if fltlti fioiti hi in ire’ll i' \N Uy gO Ilili'K mill il;j 111. ii, |! 10 (o ■ (J lUiiOJUII laiiii: | ||, || (In |,( iV 11111 f 111 ul) -M|s i*o juu lent lllglni, utld jituvjalon'i va# ill bel l|n ii ‘ \ il, 1(1 |- in i ,(! |||. u i I I), v 111 i non , lui idol 11; i (tg i) 11 i), id they hi -1 d uke .•. .i i ‘i . i, ,i i,, iit til I, i/■ ", j,r iii n/ V i<t|iid duidjno it. goin -; on ill all piuduit.-* o! lii Infill i V t i \ W Uil|' , 11 MlO ,/ nr nil i mnji<i), - ru OsC I'lHHl-'i illtl, lllii li,IS I'Ofll inoeit penru't/l r.nrOj'C, l‘l lie 1 I'a 11 V I'Oil I>lilVc 11 |e ((t n 111 liMidiiiie i \ and (tin ineri'u uul \ wine ol niuni'V. Money, )onl> n> 11\, 11 (lie re jieinldtvi ■ i d i it hei com lUodlties, and rei// in nii •»/, ld,e ntjiei comiiiodi (it's, i-. iho honest prudnee o| l.iltur, .Not only has fmjirr fimin i/ )ie,*n mueh fedneod, hut. tor nMuy Vein < pa-l th ’ produce of this tinned has not inert*.! ed us rupidly us other product*, and as this disproportion increase*, the Maine quantity of other products niml be represent- i ed by a less amount oi iuonev. 11 flu* erauses continue, therefore, and nothing occurs to diw lurb this relation between money un i other products el labor, manufactures should go on declining in price*, until they are far lower than they are now. N\ hy, then, have manufactures risen instead of falling? dimply because the tariff of 1842 prohibited many articles, and put most exor bitant duties on others, hy which n healthful competition has been shut out, and consumers loir at the mercy of the manufacturers. “ They had the market to themselves," and “sold to us at exorbitant profits." Yes, such profits as wore perhaps never realized in any business, in any country. Some of them, it is said, have nearly doubled their capital in 18 months. [Prom the ,V. (). Della, 3d i as/.] ITcport of Capt. Wells. The following is the report of Capt. Wells, 13th infantry, who commanded the detach i ment that was scut out on the 13th August, from Vera Cruz, to reinforce Mai. Lally’s com mand, which was attacked by a largo force of guerrillas near the National Bridge. As two of the companies composing the detachment (Haile’s and Fairchild's,) are from Louisiana, the report will be read with interest in this region. Camp Bao.vra, Aug. 19, IS 17. Sir. —l have the honyr to report for the in formation of the Colonel Commanding, that on the morning of the 13th iust., in obedience to his orders, I proceeded with my command, composed of Capt. Hade’s company, 14th inf in try ; E company, of the 12th infantry, com manded by I,lent, Wyche ; and Capt. Fair child’s company of Louisiana Hangers—in all, seven officers an I two hundred and one rank and file. * The train was composed of two am bulances, each drawn by four good horses, lit for the service in which they were employed, and nine wagons, drawn by half-broken-down but still anbokeu Mexican mules, with which it would have* been difficult for me to have fulfilled my orders even if there had been no enemy to contend, with. The commanding officer was not mounted, and was un i *r the mortifying necessity ofdis ■ mounting a priatc and taking his horse when circumstances were* such that he could not possibly perform his duty on foot. Such was the command with which my orders required me to traverse a country and pass a bridge • and fortification which no loss than SOD men, supported by artill; ry, had heretofore attempt ed. I had not proceeded four miles from camp when it became necessary to throw out a part of my provisions ; and it was then only with the aid of my infantry, and the extraordinary exertion of the active and efficient wagon mas ter, Mr. Boody,who accompanied the train.that the wagons could be forced up the sand hills. I reached Santa Fe and encamped for the night. The next morning I pursued the march, the enemy appeared on the flank, but evidently with no intention of attacking us. A few shots were exchanged between them and Capt. Fairchild’s company, who had loft the road to give chase. I arrived at Puente del Pio 9 o’clock at night, and encamped. Here I judged myself to be within six miles of May. Lallv camp. The next morning, I directed Capt. Fairchild to detach an officer (Lieut. Henderson) and thirteen men, with orders to proceed to Maj. Lally’s camp and reportray advance, provided he could prudently do so and the distance did not exceed six miles, but by no means to go beyond that, but to return and report the condition of the road to me. This command was accompanied by Doctor Cooper, of the army,and two Georgia volunteers. I regret to inform you that I have not since heard of this detachment, and am ignorant of its fate, f I pursued the march until about I o’clock, with difficulty getting the mules along, and at pass La Bcja, whilst the train was on the bridge and the troops were procuring water, the ene my appeared in front, in force, and commenced afire upon us—some shots were also tired from the rear. After the necessary preparations were made, I detached Gapt. Ilailc with his company through the chaparral, to gain their flank, and if possible, their rear. This service was promptly and gallantv performed whilst the command was ascending the hill. He gave them a tire which put them to immedi ate flight. I ordered Lieut. Moralies, of Capt. Fair child’s company,with twenty mounted men, to to hold the hox-ses near the bridge, until the the train had ascended the hill. The rear, however, was not attacked at this place. We continued our march, dispersing the enemy be fore us, until dusk, when, as the train -was passing a bridge, with in three miles of Puente Nacional, the enemy opened his fire from the hills, within two hundred yards of the com mand, the balls generally ranging too high.— The fire was so promptly returned that they were soon driven from their positions, and I think with considerable loss. Here, as I had previously intended, I ordered the troops to encamp. The wagons were placed in a safe position, the white covers taken off, the horses placed under shelter, and everything disposed for a quiet night's rest, which my men so much required. At 3 o’clock next morning, I had the men under arms, and detached Lieut. Wyche, with part of his company through the chaparral to gain a position on the hill-side to bo ready when the enemy should advance to the attack. Just, at day break they appeared on the hill, with drum beating, and fired iiito’ our camp. I did not return the fire, but or dered Capt. Haile with his company, to pass up the hill to the left of the road and gain their flank. They continued their music for about - A- -urc —s ou'iUi minutes, when C apt* 7full* *«/!4tfic / du d upon them and was after t.t&u f.%* Li von A. much to the arnuvrm . • <4 >, . ■ w. who could see them from tb* o v? the bridge. Lieut, Wy< ~.4 u.) * position and w« lytnjr )u fcvu fv. / cp/j. did not appear »-.‘iy ft ,_. f hill with my intuit*y un*. t fb--- .v.rin re-oly to move, I w<*4 v, * ■ Uii f • w . v u - Pum>t« Sv 'I -/ 0... w. 4 »•*••• <Ad us thr- e tifi.es in s**• * vwfll *». »>, • Ar #A/*l. WftllOMt I. 4, Py'-S,. ff-tf /]■.-. f/f T oil! y ifi* >i /-‘y .■!v - .■/< .. * ■■ t tfld fj ilia fit*l bid i' ■ ft I* ■* r i I/. -I ',i ; ■*; /. f Y,' * lb« vtigi.O ->i: .•t-., »nyiiA i \u * */y and hur m . fq>- . ( y *d t*iO hope of tin,i NFvdon >k and hfd lUh.tt, fhT iff did ffifi ff,-,d Vs q. \y u-.ut ibert*. so destroy tV* wagoru .u>d prv . «Oft»* If b'gg.iOoO t I It so jo \l]Ul )t‘t t'lff’] KvWf tfiiifg )i( f >n t? I'liiifvi f i irtti the fn ! (:•(',! aV . #t Si rjf ( fir if- in t r-ioff; fig, Ji.-for' ()i,i t.rru 1 / iu f »!Jy s itufi' d f.h it f.he fi? (> f - ' Hpi'd Po' frtr* Sw am'*! in for'-e, ‘Hm truck* of unshod hors-o if, fj,« t'\iv\ loT no doobt id Unit, M v ord' r s w*’i '• positive. So diseri (ion idlo ' d ini', find rj'' or ling to mV ide of rridifiuy mfi vii'c, 1 h it bound to proceed in (In Uf.ion of ffin r,)/l»o until it V ,|M proVCfl j • • oil I »h< po'-.^ibibtv of a dooot that it could not be (nr i red out. Mv ! >rcc. >■. too small tC> 1 dope h liny pa r t of it, to endeavor to turn I the pout ion. The Ml* deans were appearing on my I!.mk and threaten uy my rear. To re eonnodri wan n di—moUi;n ; could be seen. I therefore determined to draw the enemy's fire 1 from tluj 10. to and heights, and thus discover his strength and position. 1 accordingly made my din motion so in to saenfieo the least pos- I sihlo number of my troops. With tld ty pick ed men under the command of Lieut. Che- , nev, I Ith Infantry, extended to six paces, I descended towauls the bridge, Tliis det iclament was ordered to keep at least one huu Ircd yards j in front of the mounted men. After the mount- ! cl men, with some intervals, marched Lieut.; Wyche’s company ; next came the train, tbl- i lowed by Capt. Haile, who was ordered to j close on and protect it iu case it should be ; charged. The rear-guard, commanded by j Lieut. Moralies, of Cant. Fairchild’s company, 1 followed after Capt. Haile’s company. I halted the command on the slope of the hill, continu- i ing to advance myself with Lieut. Cheney’s j command, hoping to draw he enemy’s fire without further exposing my troops. AH was, however, still; nothing could be seen. I directed the advance to move upon the bridge, I ordered the main body and took ray position in person near the bridge, where I could di rect the advance or order a retreat, as the one might prove practicable or the other necessary. The rear of the command had scarcely got in motion, when the enemy opened their fire from the forts and heights with muskets, escopctas and artillery, and showed themselves in such numbers and position that I perceived at once , that in passing the bridge they must necessarily ; inflict upon me such a loss in killed and woun ded that it would be impracticable for me to advance or retire. I therefore ordered the | : fire to be returned and the retreat to com mence, and withdrew my troops from under the fire of this strong place, with the loss of only four men killed and one wounded, + and two horses wounded. I One of the ambulances was quickly turned and gained the top of the hill; the other, in the act of turning, had one of its horses killed and could not be brought off. The mules were of course more unmanageable than ever, and as soon as the enemy perceived that wo j were retiring they concentrated their fire upon the train. Half the mules were almost in stantly shot down, and the team iters com pelled to ab.au lon their wagons. The enemy now displayed a strong force out-ido the fort, j : and was moving to gain our rear. I now moved i off my command, which had been halted at i the top of the hill, just beyond the effective range of the enemy’s guns, and abandoned the train, which I could not possibly have brought off, nearly all the mules having been cither killed or wounded; and to have blown up the ammunition or saved anything from the wagons would have be?a to sacrifice men whom it was now evident that I had not to spare, and would have boon obliged to leave the woun led, as I had not the means of trans porting them. All the property, as well as the personal baggage of the officers, was lost, and ! some despatches, which I ordered Capt. Haile to keep iu his trunk as the safest place, were also lost. The mail intended for the army, was however, saved, and the only wounded man brought from the field. The enemy’s force occupying the forts, I could not estimate with any degree of accuracy. \[ It was cer tainly several times my own, and there was also a Considerable force outside. Nothing was left for me to do, but to force my way through the enemy in the rear, and return by rapid marches to this place. The enemy ap peared on every side during the day, and I was-1 compelled to proceed with the greatest cau tion, always holding one hill until my infan try gained possession of the next in front, by a fatiguing march through the chaparral.— This laborious dut y fell principally upon Capt. II iile. I continued my march at night, but after dark met with no further opposition from the enemy, and arrived the next morning at Santa Fe. The next day arrived and emcarap ed at tliis place. In conclusion, I must be permitted to speak of the officers who so ably sustained me on this trying march. Capt. Haile, of the 14th Infantry, I had frequent occasion to detach on laborious and dangerous service, and it was universally performed in a manner that called forth my warmest admiration. Lieut. Wyche, 12th Inf., though sick, was with his company, and rendered important service, Lieut. Che ney, 14th Inf., who commanded the advance guard on the 16th, I was compelled to place in a most dangerous position at the bridge, and his coolness and bravery were conspicuous.— i To Lieut. Moralies, of Capt. Fairchild’s com pany, and the 20 brave volunteers under his command, my thanks are also particularly due. I had assigned him the duty of holding the heights and projecting the rear. He selected his positions with judgment, and I frequently saw from the front his men charging and firing upon the guerrillas who were annoying the rear. Mr. Hayes,lf of New Orleans, aecom- : panied the command as an amateur, and was always a volunteer whenever dangerous or difficult service was to be performed. I am, sir, very respectfully, your ob’t serv’t, V j.’m'. wells, Capt. 12th Inf. Com’g Detachment. Lt. Arthur, A. A. Adj. General, Vera Cruz. * These troops were entirely undrilled. •flntelligence reached Col. Wilson, on the 27th ult., the correctness of which he did not doubt, that the whole party were taken prisoners and shot. JCapt. ells lost fr »m his company 1 killed and 1 wounded. Capt. Haile lost 2 killed and 1 man disabled for life by a fall. 1 teamUer was killed, the ball that killed him passing through the body ol a mule and then entirely through his own. The names of the two men killed in Capt. Haile’s com pany were Begaur, of St. Louis, and Sojourner, of j Shreveport, La. II I tie force in. and iramediatelj* around the fort otf the left hand height, was estimated by the of ficers present at not less than 1000. There were s. veral hundred on the other hills. <- IFMr. Hayes, formerly of the Delta. He is spo ken of in the warmest terms by the officers of the detachment, for his coolness, gallantry and cheer fulness in the hour of peril. From the. Mobile Adtetri*er f 3 d insL] The Crojm, &.c. An frtrtHlisrftrvt merchant of this cfyf, who h* 1 * V*# G'rvri'ling through the £>"V#i : of ©f otftf zk&tef Writes* as #s f-vs’w'Av* •; ♦ Marengo eo., Ang. 30, ISO7. >/>, C. ( . f/ancfdkm: \P- >r it? fov.v «fjW9O t l*#r MohiK during vhloh fim* I have travel <•• • * V/v»n •! t-,s in the through Wilcox, Vfircn-go, Greene and Perry—attending Damp ng.* and dflW prihlj# gaflWm gq ana •< v« v ‘‘ f'A*r i pains HO learn the pro#- nf fire 'jrrowing crop, f have seen many <*j*<v s m ! convey "* 4 wiCr a- <spreat many in tal i'gent planters, and’ f am well satisfied that a or on -• ■* vot so r ood overt as at tlris time I *sf 7->-ir. T V :C boll ■fr’-orm has fkme great, danv-ige. a : "i e is now doing it* vo- r. i >.m ■ , i : -,*/-r xhw' Mfpef'tatlofl Was to a ike thO 1 1 ’' feds rtic he will not m ike c.c --cr-d r*g 100—and this is about the {funeral c«l --cu, ts i >rs wi th two- th; rd«# of those I (alkwl with. \t\ agree that they will not make as much as they d, -{ hast ye »r. Then " will hnm overwhelming crop of coni triad-'T this s -ison, larg'-r than ever lx fore. A t ible planter ot Marengo informed nte that he had corn growing upon his thinnest 1 nr! with two or three ears upon a stalk, and that from one car lie obtained one quart and a half a pint of shelled com, which is at the rate of thirty-two ears to the bushel. A monster worm was shown in Dayton a d iy or two since, of the following dimensions : inches long, 1 inch in diameter, with 8 horns and 6 feet, taken from a stalk of cotton 10 feet high, and not a boll or square to be found upon it, the worm destroying the leaves worse than a cow. I find a good do il of sickness in the* Cane- | brake, and if half 1 hear be true, “yellow fe ver” is playing the mischief w ith you in Mo- I h ie. Wo learn it has become epidemic, with i ! s >me 12 or I t cases a day. Make my best respects to the corporate au thorities and tell them to spend their lime ! freely. Yours, &e. Me. j Augusta, Georgia. i THURSDAY 9. FOR GOVERNOR HON. 0. W. TOWNS. | or tai,bo r. Democratic Nominations for Senators. 4lh Dlst.—Camden and Wayne— Elias Four. sth Hist Lowndes and Ware — Gen. T. Hilliard. I 7th “ Tattnall and Bulloch— John A. Mattox i Bth Scrivon and Effingham—W. J. Lawton. 9th “ Burke and Emanuel—\V T . F. C Morris. 12ih u Thomas and Decatur —Wm. 11. Rev molds. I3th “ Baker and Early—-Dr, Wm. J. Johnson. i 14th “ Randolph and Stewart—William Nelson. 17th “ Macon and Houston—John A. Hunter. I9th i: Dooly and Pulaski— Geo. M. Duncan. 20th **' Twiggs and Bihb —W, W,- Wtooixs, 21st “ Washington and Jefferson— D.S. Carswell. 94th “ Hancock and Baldwin—S. Buffington, Jr. i 2oih “ Jones and Putnam—Jame» M, 6'»ay, 26th “ Munroe and F.ke— Col. Allen Cochran. 2Sth “ Merriwetlier and Coweta—Obe. Warner. 31st “ Fayette and Henry— Luther J. Glenn. I 39d “ Jasper and Butts—Col. J. C. Waters.- 33;1 “ Newton and Walton— Warre-n J. Hill. 38th “ Clark and Jackson— Samuel Bailey. 391 h “ Gwinnett and DeKalb— Jas. P. Simmons. 4‘Hh “ Paulding an<l Cass— Francis Irwin,- 4lst “ Cobh and Cherokee— Wm. H. Hunt. 43d “ Habersham and Rabun — Edw’d Coffee. 44th “ Lumpkin and Union—Elihu S. Barclay. lion. Joan P. King- cu the Tariff. In another column will be found a portion ' of the able letter of Air. King on the tariff, writ- /j ten and published in 18 44. The warning J voice of this matured and able statesman was | not unheeded in that rear, as the vote given * _ | in favor of the democratic candidate for Prcsi- j dent will attest. What was prophecy tneu I upon many points in connection with the pro tective system, has become history now. The j predictions of the democratic school of politi- i clans have been fully realized —the theories of the protectionists utterly confounded and overthrown. We hope that such able essays i as this we quote from, have not yet lost their . potency. Wc may take occasion again to , quote from it. For the extract we now pub lish, wc invoke an attentive perusal, and a dis passionate consideration of the facts there pre sented. The subscribers to the American Art Union can procure their engravings for 1848- by calling on the Honorary Secretary, 11. W. Fargo of tlus city, who has them ready for de- ; livery. We acknowledge the receipt, through Mr. Fargo, of an engraving of Sir Walter Raleigh, 1 parting in prison from his wife. It is from a painting by E. Leutze, now in the possession of David Leavitt, Ksq., and is engraved exclu- : sively for the members for IS4f> of the Ameri can Art Union- This engraving presents a profoundly impressive scene, taken from the life of one of the greatest and most interesting T• • 1 characters in history. It is m every respect worthy the useful and enterprizing association which has done so much to promote the cause of the Fine Arts in this country. Move New Cotton. Three bales new Cotton were received yes terday from the plantation of Noah Smith, i Jefferson county—quality about middling. It was sold off the wagon, in the stract, but | wc did not ascertain at what price. lCg°We find a communication in the Coosa River Journal , from which wc copy the con cluding portion. It will be of interest to our merchants, whigs and democrats, although it j gives adhesion to a doctrine which some con sider very absurd. The writer says, “We go i for the doctrine of selling where we can sell highest, and buying where wc can buy cheap est.” It is not often one sees such a shocking doctrine avowed in a whig paper. Population makes consumers, and towns stimulate trade. From Atlanta to Savannah 1 you pass on Rail Road, Jonesborough, Griffin, Barucsville, and Macon, and from thence by stations, but not a solitary town to the city of S avannah. The aggregate population of these ! ■places cannot much exceed 18,000 souls—we | will place them at 20 thousand. On the route ! to Augusta, you pass the towns of Decatur, Covington, Madison, Greensborough, Craw fordville, Warrenton, and Rellai;-, numbering at least 18,000 inhabitants —while in crossing the Savannah, Hamburg, Aiken, Williston, j Blackvillc, Midway, Branchville, Summerville, ! and Charleston, add 50,000 more town con- I sumers to these who must depend on this I country for supplies. You have therefore, 20.000 consumers by one route compared with 68.000 b} 1- the other. In this estimate we have not enumerated the population of the counties ] or districts —if we had the difference would | ' ? ,f J «™gcim favor oftheAugus ti route. On which route, therefore does tbo ! 1? £ of th * lar s e » t market, and high , Sau’ . f 1 ** f eat '?' num ber of conaum- foand the population i, tawTl S therefore, »e think the -ry about highest prices, patriotism &c mere words, web, to catch flics, the law of trade convinces us that the probabilities of the \ *** market, are to lx„- found on the route. In striking, however, for the latest market, 1 would not overlook the smaller we have grain enough for both—we can, and will feed Savannah and Charleston, and should bo pleased at the larger number to be found at the last named place. Patriotism is to be at tentive to our interests, to improve our and produce abundantly, and sell to all W ho will pay. How absurd is it that we should repudiate the trade of near 70,000 population; that we should refuse to sell to, or to feed them, becau.-e they live beyond the limits of our State, while we overwhelm 20,000 with our superabundance because they reside in Georgia. AVe go for the doctrine of selling where wc can sell highest, and buying where we can biiy cheapest* We are for ail the mar kets and not tor a few select ones, and the Producer of the interior—if he consults hi* true interests, will always examine the Prices Current at Atlanta before he decides by which route to take his crop fa market/ FttKE TiGdk. A letter ifum Xew York to the Philadelphia Inquirer says—“For some days past Wall street was full of rumors that certain of the houses were on the eve of brankruptcy, and since the English news is unfavorable to the j holders of produce, it must not surprise you if, within a few days, several of them suspend | and be a perfect wreck.” I Comparative statement of the Business, of the Georgia Rail Road for the month of i August, in 1813 and 1817 : 18-16. 1317. Incrc.'L.N'. Passengers. 9,722 42 15,212 71 5,400 20 j Freight A Mail, 10,661 25 11,655 50 994 33 520,495 35 526,368 29 56,18 162 Uatruo. The Xew York Evening Post is authorized from a respeetable quarter to say, that the statement in the Herald to the effect that Mr. Dix, Senator in Congress from Xew York, is about to resign his seat, is untrue. Charleston Municipal Election. J. L. Hutchinson, h is been re-elected Mayor of Charleston. The vote stood—Hutchinson 1162, Schiuerle 927. The following gentle | “ten have been elected Aldermen; Geo. Kin i inch, Wm. M. Lawton, Edward North, G. H. i Ingraham, W. M. Martin, O. Mills, W. Mc- Burney, C. D. Can-, J. L. Stroheckcr, W. Lloyd, J. Bonn ell, Jr. and A. \\ into. Health cf Mobile. The Mobile A I/ertlser of the 3 1 inst. says— On Monday last the Board of Health made the discovery that the yellow fever in this city had become epidemic, and the next morning the official declaration was made in the city papers, yet it is a curious- f ict that from tho time of the discovery referred toy to* the’present writing—four days —~not a singly cerw of yclloit' fever has occurred! and wc- take pleasure in as suring our absent citizens a- well as the public | g morally, that the city is un-usuaily free from* disease—that indeed it w asosjever mrae healthy.- Xdr Cotton. —Throe bales of new cotl m were received yesterday from the plantation belonging to the Estate of TcUTir, and canie to Messrs. IL- 11 abor si ram & tjon» j licpubiieatiy Ith iust.* Xcir Rice. —It will ho seen By the advert : tiseilient of R. Hsbersham -N Son, that new rice, of this year’s crop, is beginning to cum-e I uto our market.— l’j. The harvesting of rice has now generally commenced on the Savannah river. Yester day was a fair day. If good weather holds out it will go on rapidly to completion— lh. The Weather. —The atmosphere of our city yesterday was most pestilential and baleful. During the whole day a cold, bitter, killing wind blew over the city, and sent the seeds of lisease anddeath into many an unacclimatcd ■subject. A mournful day it was, indeed! The gloomy clouds which hung over the city form ed an appropriate canopy for such scenes of j funeral horror and death as met us at every | turn. We did not know there were so many hearses in the city as w r o met in a short walk yesterday. In walking from our office to the Third Municipality, we encountered no less j than nine funerals proceeding on their melan ■ choly march. The most mournful part of these sorrowful scenes is the absence or the j fewness of the mourners. Solitary, or with scarcely more than the companionship of some faithful and afflicted relatives and friends thc-sc sombre hearses slowly roll along to the vari ous cemeteries, scarcely regarded by the crowds, who are too much engrossed in the care and attendance of the sick to attend to the dead.— N. O. Delta, 3 d inst. Business (Cartis. To Prof issional and Business Men. PROFESSIONAL AND BUSINESS CARDS not exceeding six lines, will be inserted under this head at the rate of 510 per annum. Cards exce&d ng six lines, will be charged pro rata per line. JOHN H. RICE, Attorney and Counsellor at Law. CASSVTLLE, GA. Will practise in the Counties of the Cherokee Circuit. Collecting business will be thankfully received and despatched promptly Aug, 21 ly 50 TR AMMELL & TERII UN E. ATrOriNILS AT LAW. ROME, GA. Wm. F. Trammell. Wm. B. Terhuxe Aug. J 5 ly DANIEL S. PRINTUP, ATTORNEY AT LAW. ROME, GEORGIA. Will practise in the Cherokee Circuit—Pauld ing, Cass, Cherokee, Forsyth, Lumpkin, Union, Gilmer, Murray, Walker, Dade, Chattagoo and Floyd. Aug. 15 ly ALEXANDER McKEJTZIE, JR., ATTORNEY AT LAW, WAYNESBORO’, GEORGIA. April 20 ly G 3 DAVID ADAMS, attorney at law, HAMBURG, S. C. Office over the store of Sibley &, Crapor wui practise in the L«w Courts of Edgefield and Barn, well. 3> ly