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< p grrTT| ... vi»SaBS—BBJ.J JJj TH E CONSTITUTIONALIST. JAMES GARDNERj JR. TERMS. Pauly, per annum .....s'" 00 Tri-Weekly, per annum 0 00 If paid in advance.... * * 5 00 Weekly, per annum ** If paid in advance To Clubs, remitting $lO in advance, HI L OOFIES are sent. This will put our Weekly pa- j per in the reach of new s ll hscrib. If j "s ufiscrffiers who will pay up arrearages, Sind | send four new subscribers, with the money, can get the paper at $2 00. (jjr’All new subscriptions must be paid in ad- 1 vance. must be paid on all communications and letters of business. LATEST FROM EUROPE. ARRIVAL ;OF THE FR. STEAMSHIP PHILADELPHIA. Five Days Later ram the Baltimore American. — ltj I'clegraph.] j MORE FAILURES IN EUROPE? The French Royal Mail Steamer Philadel phia, Capt. Besson, arrived at New York last j evening, having put into Halifax for coal. Our correspondent at New York has transmitted to u.% by Telegraph, the annexed despatch, con taining the news brought by her. New York, Nov. 3, 10 P. M.— The French steamer Philadelphia, Capt. Besson, has just arrived from Cherbourg, via Halifax, where she put in for coal.- I hasten to forward you j such items of news as the lateness of the hour 1 will permit. The Havre papers of the 7th Mt. copy from 1 the London Times of the 6 th, the failure of the houses of Rongcmont & Brothers; John Thomas, Sons & Brothers; Jersey & Co., of Manchester, for the sum of live hundred thou sand dollars. Mr. Van Zeler, the Portuguese Consul, and the principal English house o f Cal cutta, has failed for the sura of live hundred and sixty thousand pounds. At London, confidence in financial 'matters appeared to be reviving. The Liverpoll Cham ber of Commerce has sent a deputation of its members to the Chancellor of the Exchequer to urge a relaxation of the restrictions of the Bill. Consols were quoted at 84A- In the Paris Exchange, on the 9th ult., the French Funds declined on account of a rumor that the house of Barings had obtained from the French Treasury eleven million francs in coin, to relieve the English money market. The latest Paris quotations are for 3 per cents. 75 — a decline of 15 centimes; 5 per cents, declined 20 centimes. The latest intelligence from Spain is that Narvaez has triumphed, and that a new Minis try has been formed by the Queen. The American Mail steamer Washington, Capt. Hewett, arrived at Southampton from New-York on the Bth ult. The French Mail steamer New-York, Capt. Ferrand, arrived at Cherbourg from New -York on the 4th ult., The prices of Flour and Corn were low’ in all the markets of France—Flour is reported at 5 francs lower than in Belgium. Advices from Africa to the 22d Sept, have been received in France. Abd-el-Kader had fought a great battle with the troops of the Em peror of Morocco, under the walls of Tag a, in W’hich the Emir lost 4,000 men. The canton of Luzerne, in Switzerland, w r as, jit the last dates, in a complete state of insurrec tion, as were also those of llomont Grugre, and the Valley of Mavemey. At Paris, the sales of Cotton w’crc light.— Wheat w’as selling at 22a23 francs per quarter; new Rice 13a14 francs, and new Barley at 12 a 1 3 francs. At London, on the 6th, Cotton was steady. The dates from Liverpool are only to the 6th ult. Neither the sale or price of Flour is given in any of the papers received, nor is there any quotations to the price of Grain. The new’s received in Paris on the Bth ult. from London, caused a great fall in French funds. The railroad shares w’ere all declining. Reform banquets continue to be the order of the day throughout all Franco. Admiral Napier is feasting the grandees of Portugal on board the British fleet at Lisbon, and has secured the English indemnity. One of the descendants of Bonaparts has got into a scrape at Rome. There is a double guard at the house door of the late Letitia, mother of Napoleon, besides the guard at the Austrian Embassy right oppo site. The herring fishery has proved a comparative failure this year, on the coast of Scotland. Jenny land left England for Hamburg on the 6th of October. A letter from Berlin, of the 12th, addressed to the Magdeburg Gazette, states that is was positively asserted that within the last few days instructions had been addressed to the repre sentatives of Prussia at the Courts of Vienna, Turin, Rome, Florence and Naples, enjoining them to adhere in all cases to the line of con duct followed by the Austrian Government with respect to Italy, and to act in conse quence. The Semaphore of Marseilles of the 6th ult., reports that the French squadron was still be fore Naples on the Ist of October. It is said in private letters that the reformers of Naples have divided themselves into three columns—the first division is called the Legion of Death, and forms the advance guard commanded by Lon gobero: the centre commanded by Romeo, who has seized upon Margianna, a large depot of arms and munitions of war. The rear guard is under the command of Paulino. The artil lery troops on duty at Margianna joined the re bels after the noble exploit of Aspromonte. The insurgents of Berne in Abrnzzie have abandon fed their city and returned to the mountains, in * 4 imitation of those of Reggio. It is said that Navarre is in rebellion, and large bodies of troops are assembled commanded by the Baron Sona. The Canton of Luzerne is in a state of insur rection as w r ell as those of Fribourg and the district of Roraont Gregoire and the valley of Mauveney. It appears that these Cantons wish to obtain the object of their demands from the government. The government of Lucerne, Berne, Munich and other cantons are earnestly engaged in military preparations, in view of the present critical state of affairs. The majority of the cantons have resolved to send in front of the Federal camp commissioners, who are to use their utmost efforts to bring about a concilia tion and prevent, if possible, a hostile collision. The army will await the result of their peace ful endeavors, and if unsuccessful, it w ill in stantly cross the frontiers. Money Markets. LONDON, Oct. sth. —There have been no failures announced, but there were rumors afloat of further suspensions. Consols closed at 831 to 84 cash; 85 on account. October Bth. —Our accounts are by the way pf Paris. The character of the advices from London are of a gloomy nature. There had been great depreciation in railroad shares, and $ of U per cent, in consols. Cotton Market- ! HAVRE, Oct. 6th.—94 bales Louisiana, 63f.; 50 do 91f., 50c.; 25 Mobile, 88; 34 bales Geor gia, 96; 15 do, 89, 200 do, 90; 10 bales Louisi ana, 91f., 50c.; 44 do, 91; 50 do, 88; 35 Geor gia, 92f.; 90 do, 90; 105 do, 88. Total 681 bales. C HAVRE, Oct. 9. —Sales of wheat made at 20f. to 23f.; Rico, new, from 13 to 14f. STILL L ATER. [Correspondence of the Baltimore Fun.} ELEVEN DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE. AnivH pf.thp c ' r ' l 'T me steamer Caledonia reached Boston yes terday evening from Liverpool, having sailed on the 19th October. Through the medium of the Magnetic Telcgragh w r c received last night from our Eastern correspondent,’ the fol | low ing summary of intelligence brought by her By Magnetic Telegraph. LIVERPOOL CORN MARKETS, Oct. 19, 1847, noon.—We quote best Western Canal Fkmr at 25 a 275. per bbl; Richmond and Alexandria at 25 a 265.; Philadelphia and Baltimore at 25 a 265.; New Orleans and Ohio at 22 a 245.; United States and Canada at 20 a 2ls. Wheat, U. S. white, and mixed, jier 70 lbs. 7 a Bs.; red 6a 7s 7c1.; Oats, per 45 lbs. 2s 3d a 2s Bd.; Oat Meal, per 240 lbs. 23 a 24.; Indian Corn, per 480 lbs. 30 a 335.; Indian Meal per bbl. 14 a 15s. The Corn market is, of course, sensibly in fluenced by the unparallcd stringency of the money market, and show’s a general decline, particularly in quotations for inferior parcels. Indian Corn has depreciated from 2 to 3s. a quarter, and Meal has also receded in value, and is in very limited demand. The above quotations represent the maximum price, but occasional forced sales have been made consi | dcrably under these figures. In London, yesterday, there w’as an exten sive supply of foreign Wheat, but trade was I dull, and American receded from 2to 3s. sd. per quarter, without any progress being made in sales. P. S. —2 o’clock.—The markets tip to this moment are losing ground. Flour cannot be quoted beyond 265. per bbl., and Indian Com shows no tendency to rise above 30s. The stoppage of the Liverpool Banking Company is just announced —its liabilities are not heavy. The Cotton market is much depressed. Cotton. —New’ Orleans ordinary to middling 4£d to 5Ad per lb; good to middling fair 6Jd to 6|d; good to fine 7d to 8d; Alabama and Ten nessee ordinary to middling 41 to 43 d; good to good fair 5Ad; Mobile ordinary to middling to 5Jd; fair to good fair 5| to 6d; good to fine 61 to 6§d; Bowed Georgia ordinary to middling 4 h to s£d; fair to good fair 5| to 6d; good to fair 6J Sea Island ranges 9 to 18d; do stained sto 8 Ad. The market also largely par ticipates in the general vicissitudes of trade, and shows a gradual deterioration since our last telegraphic advices. The quantity of Cot ton pressing upon the market greatly exceeds the demand, producing sacrifices on the part of sellers who have been compelled to submit to prices considerably under our quotations for j the sake of obtaining the cash. The sales for the week ending the 15th, amounted to 21,- 700 bales, of which 3900 bales w ere on specu lation, and 1800 bales for export. The trans action of the 19th amounted to about 2000 bales, 'while yesterday they reached only 1200 bales at a decline. In the manufacturing dis trict business wears Ihe goloomiest aspect,every w’eek adding to the number of mills w’orking short time or closing entirely. Provisions. —Beef,prime mess, per tierce 86 to 925; and ordinary 75 to 83s; Mess, per bbl. 46 to 52s 6d; ordinary 40 to 45; Prime 32s to 365; extra India family Beef per tierce 100 to j 105 s; Pork, prime mess, new, per bbl. 00 to 675; old 40 to 50s; Mess 65 to 70s; Prime 45 to 50s. Money Matters. —The disastrous moneta ry pressure recorded in our last advices has, during the last fortnight continued to rage w’ith unabated severity, involving several ad ditional failures and diffusing a deep and im penetrable gloom throughout the whole com mercial community of Great Britain. To such a point of intensity has the inaccessibility of money now’ arrived, that there is scarcely any one house w hich can be looked upon wit hout suspicion, no matter how exalted its position. We may avoid further enunciation by stating that altogether 55 houses "have either broken down or suspended since the departure of our last steamer. Yesterday it w’as announced ‘ that the Royal Bank of Liverpool had been comjiellecl to suspend payment. The Money ‘ Market continues in the most stringent con , dition, but the London papers of last night indulge in the strong hopes of a partial resto ration of ease, owing to the circumstance of a very heavy payment on the Consols having F just been made. The sales of Consuls com menced at 81 to 811,but fell to 80| for transfer to-day; time bargains 81J to 81A; the quota tions closed at 81A to 811; Exchequer Bills ■ have been done at 15 to 30s discount. Bank Stock is quoted at 182 to 183. ! M iscellaneous. —Parliament has been pro rogued till the 11th December, w hen it will be [ then farther adjourned till January,for the des , patch of business. i The Lord Mayor of London gave a splendid entertainment to the Duke of Cambridge and a large company on Saturday w’eek. The in vita; ions included his Excellency the Ameri can Minister, and three Polish Princes. Mr. Bancroft’s health w’as proposed, and his address in reply was very w armly received. Fe rrara is about to be completely evacuated by the Austrian troops, and the Pope will per severe undisturbed in his career of civil and administered reform. The civil war in Switzerland is still impend ing, and serious disturbances have taken place in the tw’o Slcilys. In Spain Espartero has been suddenly dis placed from the head of the new Ministry, and Navarez installed in his stead. French influ ence has been again successful in that country. The prospects of Ireland during the ap proaching winter are gloomy enough—famine in an aggravated form has already reappeared, and the Queen’s letter has been issued com manding general collections to be made in the Church establishments. MOBILE, Nov. 4.— Cotton. —At the time of clos ing our last report, the cotton market had been brought to a complete stand by the dissastrous for eign intelligence per Cambria, then just received. Not a bale of cotton had been sold for the two days preceding our publication, and it being then im possible to tell at what rates the market would open when the panic created by the news should have subsided, we omitted any attempt at giving quotations. In the early part of the ■Week now closed, however, buyers entered the market, de manding a concession of 1| a lAc. on the quotations prior to the receipt of the Cambria’s news. Hol ders yielded with great reluctance, and for the first three days very little was done. On Saturday, however, holders gave way, and some 900 to 1000 bales changed hands. Monday and yesterday the sales amounted to about 1300 bales, and the entire sales of the w eek may be set down at 2600 bales, principally on French and English accoun*. There is now a lair demand at the quotations given below, and the market closes firm, with less anxiety on the part of factors to sell, except at full rates. LI VERPOO DECLASSIFICATION, Good and fine .nominal Good fair... .nominal Fair 84 a 8A Mid. fair 7; a 8 Middling a ?A Ordinary ~7 a 1 he receipts of the week have been 4,852 hales, the exports 975 hales, and the stock on hand and on shipboard, not cleared hist evening, 26.643 bales, against 9 ; 980 same time ast year. The weather continues to he in the higheddw grce favorable to the maturing: of the crop, and for picking. The quality of that now coming to market is much improved, and. should the present fine weather continue, the crop will not only be much larger than was at one time anticipated, but of a fine qnalitj". Augusta, © tors ia TUESDAY MORNING, NOV. 9. LdiT We are indebted to our attentive cor- { respondents, the editors of the Charleston 1 Courier and Mercury, for clips containing the ' aavices brought by the British steamer Cale- * donia. < 1 Amusements- Thk 1 n eat re.—Mr. Forbes offers,This Eve ning, Bulwer’s popular play of “The Lady of ‘ Lyons,” which has always drawn well, and as the characters are well cast, we have no doubt those who visit the Theatre 'This Evening, will be highly pleased. Mr. Crisp,as Claude Mel notte, is said to have no superior. i The Pee Dee Ethiopian Troupe—Com menced their performances in this city, to a large and respectable audience. We were un able to attend ourself, last evening, but learn from thosewho did,that the entertainment gave general satisfaction. They give another Concert this evening,at the Masonic Hall,with an entire new programme. Those who wish to get in a good humor should attend—some of their songs are said to be very amusing, and their instrumental music is hard to beat. Executive Appointments. John T. Smith, of Troup, John M. Patton, of Cass, and Charles H. Rice, of Dooly, Sec retaries to the Executive Department, and Benjamin F. Gullet, of Talbot, Messenger. GEORGIA LEGISLATURE. IN HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Thursday, Nov. 4, 1847. Elections. Judge of the Superior Court. —lion. Euge nius A Nisbet, re-elected. South Western Circuit. —Hon. Lott Warren. Coweta Circuit. —Hon. E. Y. Hill. ( Middle Circuit. —Hon. Wm. W. Holt. . Court of Common Pleas, Savannah. —Hon. '■ Mordecai Sheftall, SenT. • Attorney General for the Middle Circuit. —Al- pheus Colvard. , Friday, Nov. sth, 1847. On motion of Mr. Shockley, the Speaker ' was requested to appoint the usual Standing Committees, t bills introduced. r By Mr. Bartow, to give the consent of the r State of Georgia to purchases made by the United States, an to cede j urisdiction. By Mr. Clark, to amend and to incorporate 1 the Savannah and Altamha Canal Company. By Mr. Jones, of Paulding, to authorize ~ parties to compel answers at Common Law, and r to authorize parties to interplead at Common Law. ELECTIONS SOLICITOR GENERALS. South- Western Circuit. —Wm. C. Perkins. 5 Chatahoochec Circuit. —Charles J. IV illiams. ) Southern Circuit —Augustus 11. llansell. 3 Northern Circuit. —John Weems. Western Circuit. —Dickerson Walker. ’ Saturday, Nov. 6th, 1847. TVio joint aoooion resumed the unfinished - business of yesterday, to wit: the election of ' Solicitor Generals. 11. W. McCune, Esq., was re-elected for the Flint Circuit. j The House took a recess until 3 o’clock, t P. M. • Three o’clock, P. M. The joint session resumed the unfinished r business of the morning, the election of a So -1 licitor General of the Cherokee Circuit, and 1 after balloting eight times, failed**) make an [ election. The Senate withdrew, and the t House adjourned untilj Monday morning. a IN SENATE. ? Thursday, Nov. 4th. ' Mr. Simmons offered a resolution for the ap . pointment of a Committee —one from each s Judicial District —to report a bill for the reor c gaaization of the Judicial Districts in the State, and to equalize the labor of the Judges e of the Supreme Courts. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, ) 1 Miledgeville, Nov. 3. J I I avail myself of the earliest moment of re plying to the resolution of the House of Rep resentatives, passed on yesterday, embracing s several enquiries in relation to a battalion of Mounted Volunteers; and have now the honor to say, that the accompanying letter of Lieut. I Ward, of the Army of the United States, who was the mustering,officer at Columbus, will " convey the desired information concerning ° that portionfbf the battalion that had left the . State before the Executive appointment of 1 Lt. Col. Calhoun was made, also the officer in " command of it, the authority by which it * was removed beyond the limits of this State, e and distance from Columbus. I also transmit ~ a copy of the order for the appointment of " Lieut. Col. Calhoun, remarking at the same 0 time, that the claims of this officer were brought to my consideration by the Honorable - Secretary of War. n _ (Signed,) GEO. W. CRAWFORD. 1. s EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, > ‘ Milledgeville, Nov. 3. > i In reply to the resolution of the House of ? Representatives in relation to certain bonds of . the State, which have been hypothecated to s banking institutions or individuals, I have the t honor to say, that the report lately made by the , Chief Engineer to this Department, and now * in process of being printed for the use of the d General Assembly, will communicate the de i sired information, with the exception of that part of the resolution in relation to the periods 1 when the advances made on the bonds arc to be repaid. To this, I reply by saying, that $75,000 advanced by the banks in Savannah, will payable in the month of May next — the remainder has been due more than two years. The holders of these latter bonds have evinced no uneasiness, and in but one in -1 stance has the repayment of the advance been f demanded. They have been directed, wjien . ever an opportunity occurred of realizing* the par valuejof the bonds, to sell them and credit the amount to the Rail Road. (Signed,) GEO. W. CRAWFORD. 1— s [Editorial Correspondence of the Constitutionalist.] MILLEDGEVILLE, Nov. 6, 1847. 9 7 j The proceedings of the Legislature on this day are comprised in a very few words. ‘ After a laborious session of the Gener al Assembly, and several hours spent, both morning and afternoon, that august body * achieved the remarkable exploit of- —electing 1 one Solicitor General. It then adjourned ! over until Monday morning. It is to be hoped that this will give them ample time to recover from the exhaustion consequent upon such severe and protracted labor. Truly it may be < s lid, that this whig Legislature is a working i Legislature. \ Every man nearly was in his seat. There 1 were only two or three absentees and those ( were kept away by sickness. But it is not so , clear that this Legislature has exercised its { toorking propensities to the best advantage.— . Mr. McCune, I am told, is a young man of good talents, and competent to the duties to the of- « fice to which he is elected. It seems a pity that his party were so difficult of conviction on that point. It took them all the morning to come to that conclusion. Judging from the failure of the whigs, who have a majority on joint ballot, to elect a So licitor in the Cherokee -Circuit:, one is forced to conclude, either that they are so overstocked with talented and competent aspirants that it is difficult to choose, or that they arc doubt ful of the possessing one on whom they will stake their credit of their party by placing him in office. They seem very reluctant to make the choice, and by their divisions in this, as in other instances, will probably leave it to the democrats to relieve them from their perplexi ty, and choose for them. It is exceedingly discreditable to the -whigs that they should allow such scrambling and squabbling among themselves for office, at such a waste of their own valuable time, and consequent waste of the public money.— Every day’s session of the Legislature costs about eight hundred dollars on an average. For a party that pretends to have a philoso phical disregard to “the spoils,” and to think that the Democrats arc the strongest believers in the same principles —“live loaves and two fishes, ” the proceedings of the week just closed is a striking commentary. The Whig members held a caucus two nights since—Rev. Wm. Moseley, of Henry, in the chair. They sent for four of the aspi rants for the United States Senate, Messrs. Berrien, Crawford, Dougherty and Dawson. The Hon. Grigsly E. Thomas, who was a can didate a few days ago, it would seem was not sent for. These gentlemen were called, I suppose, very much as a pedagogue would call up a class of boys, and catechised to know whether they would submit, like good fellows, to a nomination. They replied in rotation, I understand, the eldest first, and after making speeches to the point, and all around the point, responded in the affirmative. , The speech of Col. Dawson must, however, havehcen rather dclphic, for there seemed to be a doubt on the minds of democrats, who judged of the speech by hearsay, as to whether he did commit himself to submission to his party on this point. He is himself perhaps doubtful whether he is committed or not. It, seems to “a man up a tree,” very much as if in this un certainty nothing can be gamed by the Demo crats by interfering in this family difficulty. If Col. Dawson had avowed himself an inde pendent, anti-caucus candidate, as he profes ses to be with the Democrats in supporting the administration on tire war question, and to be with them on the tariff, the two great prac tical questions of the day, it might have seemed proper for the democrats to support him without inconsistency. But if he is dril led into ranks, to submit to the award of his party, let his fate be determined at their hands. So far as those two practical questions are con cerned, Gov. Crawford is ns much with the democrats as Col. Dawson. He is a much abler man, and would be more efficient in the Senate. If the democratic party interfere in the present aspect of this affair, it would be probably quite as judicious to support Gov. Crawford as Col. Dawson. I should be pleas ed if it should so result that both might be elected, as a democrat seems out of the ques tion. It would have a good moral effect, and administer a wholesome rebuke to the ultra tariff, and “no territorial indemnity” doc trines of Judge -iJerrien, if this were done by his own party. If, however, the whigs, as a party, espouse his views on these points, it is due to that distinguished man, the Ajax of his party, that he should be re-elected by them. He is by far their greatest man, and ablest champion of these whig principles. You will perceive by the proceedings on Thursday, that some inquiry has been made into Gov. Crawford’s financiering with the Banks. Rumors, grossly exaggerated, if not wholly false, as appears by his reply to the call, had become rife in Milledgeville, of large indebtedness to the Banks for advances made on hypothecated bonds, and that the Banks had become exceedingly importunate for their money. One story carried this indebtedness to the ridiculously large sum of four hundred thousand dollars. These rumors acquired ex ceedingly large growth after they left Augus ta —that is to say, if they originated there. But I heard scarcely a whisper on the subject in that city before I left, and nothing that could, with any propriety, affect the credit of the State. This is confirmed by the simple ' statement of the facts in the Governor’s reply to the resolution of inquiry. The Legislature will probably be engaged all day Monday with elections —at the rate of one a day, it will be so occupied for several days to come. . G. Hon. J. W. Huntington, United States Senator from Connecticut, died at his resi dence at Norwich, of a sudden attack of in flammation ofjthe bowels, on Monday evening week. Gov. Bissell, Whig, will appoint his successor to hold office till the meeting of the Legislature in May. Judge Huntington’s term would have expired in 18oi. The News- The New York Express say* —“Private let ters from the highest sources, from London, spaiaAvith greater encouragement. The wri ters express a belief that the crisis had pass ed, and that the mercantile community had seen the wot st. The flour market was a little better in Havre. “The news has had but little influence on our market; sales of 500 bales Cotton, at a lit tle easier prices. The holders of flour and grain arc a little firmer. Provisions are dull and lower.” Louisiana We have returns from the first and second districts in this State, which are sufficient to insure the election of Dcmocratsin both dis tricts. In the first Congressional District, so far as heard from, Mr. Le Sere, the Democratic candidate,runs far ahead of his opponent,Mon teguel. In the second district, F. T. Lan dry, (Dem.) runs ahead of Thibodaux, (whig) and Jacob Baker (independent.) Reynolds and Segicr, (dem.) arc elected Senators from New Orleans, and, ten Whigs and ten Democrats to the House. This Day’s mail will bring as some intelli gence from the third and fourth districts. Military Court Martial- The Court Martial sitting at Washington on the trial of Lieut. Col. Fremont, on charges brought against him by Gen, Kearney, is now fully engaged in the discharge of its trust. Gen. K. gave his testimony on Thursday, in the course of which a number of official papers were read. The trial promises to occupy a considerable space of time. Our Government and the Pope. The Philadelphia News, of the 3d inst, has the following on this subject: “It is stated that the Hon. James Cooper is charged with the duty of expressing to pope Pius IX, the sympathy of our Government in his efforts to enlarge the liberty of his subjects. It is em inently proper that our Government should send its encouragement to those who are struggling for liberty.” Mr. Cooper, it has been for some days announced, was about to depart; for Europe. The Synod of Alabama, lately in session in Greensboro’, closed its labors last week and ad journed to meet again next year in Mobile. Bcv. Dr. Wm. T. Hamilton, of Mobile, was modera tor, and Rufus Greene, Esq. temporary clerk. Rev. R. C. Smith, of East Alabama, was chosen to fill the Witherspoon professorship in Ogle throrpe University.—The Beacon says, the session of the Synod was considerably protract ed by an important matter from the Tuscaloosa Presbytery I —which, after a full and thorough investigation, during which several able and interesting speeches were delivered, was happi ly disposed of. The Sugar Crop. Nearly all the sugar planters in this vicinity, says the Thibodaux Minerva, have commenced rooling. The yield, contrary to general ex pectation, is quite large—averaging from 1000 to 1700 lbs."per arpent. [communicated.] Wilkes County Rail Road- Mr. Editor Having shown the only ration al construction of the charter of 1833, and proved conclusively the intention of the Legis lature, when aided by contemporaneous acts, I should»perhaps have troubled yourself and the public nt> further; I do so only with the motive declared, and shall perform my pro mise Very' briefly. Nothing further could be necessary for the defence of the charter, but “Moderation,” af ter skirmishing about what he considers light defences, moves on to attack “ the stronghold of the Georgia Rail Road.” Were it necessa ry to retreat to this, it would indeed be found an impregnable citadel, even by an admission of “ Moderation” himself. This “ stronghold,” he says, is the 16th section of the amendment of 1835. This amendment is in these words; “ That no exclusive privilege or right of road extended to the corporation by the act of which this is amendatory, shall prevent the State from granting a charter to any Company that may hereafter applj* for a Railroad to run from Macon to the Tennessee State line, and from granting any charter or charters to con struct any road to cross said road, at any point west of Eatonton, or Madison, or Athens.” AATiat more can any reasonable man require to settle this matter ? “Moderation” admits that if there were ambiguity in the charter of 1835, the strong implications from this clause would settle the meaning! Ambiguity!! In the name of reason, what has “ Moderation” been writing about, but to enforce his own prefer ence of two meanings ? When he came to this conclusion, I am somewhat at a loss to see with what hope or object he continued his labors. He has given his meaning—l have given mine. With this admission, I might have safely answered his ingenious and labor ed columns by a simple question. Suppose a stockholder of the Georgia Rail Road were asked this question: “ What is the extent of the exclusive privilege secured by your char ter?” Answer: “It extends from any point within twenty miles of the road or its branch es, continuously to the city of Augusta, for thir ty-six years.” Would not the answer be per tinent and plain ? Would a second question be put for explanation ? I leave the reader to answer, and, as the lawyers say, I might here “ submit the case.” But, let us back to this “ stronghold,” and see what progress “ Moderation” has made in Jus attack upon it. The first question the reader will ask himself, after reading this 16th 1 section in connection with the charter of 1835, is this : Why ask the Georgia Rail Road for leave to run a road from Macon to the Tennes see State lines This was not a road “from any point within twenty miles of the Georgia Road or its branches, continuously to the city of Augusta.” It neither commenced within twenty miles of this road, nor did it run to Augusta. Why limit the right of crossing to any point west of Eatonton , Madison and Athens f It is said, there may have been rumors of some claim of exclusive privilege east. If so, then was the time to settle it, when the Company was asking banking privileges. They exacted a cession of a part of this claim. Why not the whole ? Why not use the fanguage u . c “d in case ol the Monroe Road! When that road asked for banking privileges, on what condi tion did the Legislature grant them ? Th e following clause was exacted and obtained ; “ Any other Rail Road Company, now or here after to be incorporated, may be authorized by the Legislature to cross the said road at any point.” Seeing the irresistible force of this implication, “Moderation” attempts to weaken it by a proposition on which he lays great stress. He says the special reservation of the particular right was made in the same clause that created the general right. Now this ein phast'sod proposition happens to be unsupported in point of fact. The right to run to the Ten nessee Stale line was contained in the Charter of 1833, and the twenty mile pnrtlege of course teas attached to it. It was not granted in the amendment of 1825—an unintentional mis take no doubt, but one which upsets of course the whole of the reasoning based upon it. It is really, sir, trilling with you and the public to enlarge on this subject. The conclusion is perfectly irresistible, that the Legislature know ing aiul fully recognizing , that the general right had been preciously granted away , were content to compromise with the Company for this important modification of it. A man of weak eyes may be justifiable in wincing at the scene* but if in possession of all his faculties in full vigor, he shuts his eyes against the light, tike presumption is fair that he must be wilfully blind. No man can resist these accumulated evidences of intention , without wilfully closing his understanding against light and truth. I will now briefly glance at the legislative history of that period in which our principal rail road interests were discussed, and as it was thought settled. Though years have pas sed off, there are many -who were closely con nected with those interests, who must recol lect perfectly well the motive, the policy and object of each separate company, and the in tention of the restrictions imposed upon them respectively. These may now be understood by all who will glance at the geography of the country, and the different interests concerned. The Central Rail Road was one of impor tance to the State, as it connected Savannah with Macon through a country nearly two hundred miles long, much in want of an out let, and at Macon would accommodate a large country on the South West, West and North West. To get this road the State granted an exclusive latteral privilege, forty miles wide— the entire length of the road. No road can interfere with it for any portion of the route. It was suggested, however, in behalf of Brunswick and the Southern Seaboard, that a privilege should be reserved to them of con necting with the mountains, and the great West, which it was supposed at that time would likely be approached through the Rabun gap. To secure this object, a right to cross the Central Road w'as reserved to the State for any road passing “from tide water to the mountains.” The Central Road would feever have objected to such a road, as none such could have been built without being a valua ble feeder at_ both ends. The company was not trusted, however, which shows the ex treme caution of the State in providing ex- % pressly for every interest they intended to se cure. The Georgia Rail Road was of equal impor tance to the State. Terminating on the Sa vannah river at the head of navigation, and connecting the oldest and largest inland town of the State with the interior, through the heart of old or middle Georgia, it was a neces sary improvement for the wealthiest portion • # of the State and a large portion of the north western part of it. It was also mainly relied on as the means of connecting the State with the great West, as the preamble and amend ment of 1835 will show. This company had a charter obtained in 1831 to run a road from Augusta to Eatonton, and from thence to the Chattahoochee river , and branch at discretion to any and every part of the State. But this char • ter, the best in all other respects ever granted in the State, contained no exclusive privilege, and contained a clause allowing the State to au thorize the crossing it at any point. Imper fect as the charter was in this particular, it gave great uneasiness and dissatisfaction to o O Macon, and in fact all interests connected with the Central line, who used strong and harsh language in relation to the grant, and were • very anxious to get rid of it. On the other hand, this road could not be built without the capital and co-operation of Augusta. The citizens of this place refused to move in the matter. They doubted the poli cy and the profits of such an improvement, especially without some exclusive privilege covering the country through which the road was to be located. The citizens of Athens took up and agitated the subject with much zeal, proposing the present location of the road, including also a branch to Eatonton; and strongly intimating , if not threatening, that if Augusta refused to join them they would cross the country by Warrenton and join the then contem plated Central line; and they proposed to ob viate the principal objections by a new char ter or an amendment of the old one. Augus ta came to terms. A new charter was applied for at the same session w ith the Central and Monroe Roads. It was proposed to surrender this obnoxious privilege of running to the Chata koochee and every where else , and in lieu of it take an exclusive privilege protecting the road from all points within twenty miles , during the exis tence of their charter. The privilege was thought reasonable and was readily granted. The country allotted to the road was a narrow one at best, bounded on one side by the Sa vannah river and on the other by the C entr * Road. It afforded a doubtful support for one road, and certainly not business for more, anti every part of it could be well accommodat'd by the road, and such branches to it, as nu£,ht be thought profitable. These branches it would of course be the interest of the Comp® ny to allow others to build, if unable to bui them itself. And the whole country depen dant on this road and its branches, could h 1 a commercial connection with Savannan means of the road and hvcf, if found th« cfS market for it.