Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

THE CONSTITUTIONALIST. JAMES GARDiN Er7 J R. TEEMS. aily, per annum $8 00 Tri-Weekly, per annum 6 00 If paid in advance 5 CO Weekly, per annum 3 00 i If paid in advance 2 50 To Clubs, remitting $lO in advance, FIVE COPIES are sent. This will put our Weekly pa per in the reach of new subscribers at TWO DOLLARS A YEAR. who will pay up arrearages, and send four new subscribers, with the money, can get the paper at $2 00. fETAII new subscriptions must be paid in ad- 1 ▼ance. [UTPostage must be paid on ail communications and letters of business. [ From the N. O. Ddla ZUh i/?.?’.] ifATI3R prom Mexico. Arrival of the Steamship Alabama- The steamship Alabama, Capt. Windle, ar rived last night, direct from Vera Cruz, having loft that place on the evening of the ISth inst. To the politeness of Capt. Windle we are in- i ddbteA for the prompt transmission of our packages of letters and papers. Among the passengers by the Alabama we I notice the names of Map Gen, Quitman, Bri". i Gen. Shields, Maj. Borland and Capt. Cassius ' M. Clay, of the Eacarnation prisoners; and 1 George Wilkins Kendall, of the Picayune. The news is not impoi tent. Our letters from our correspondent ‘-Mustang,” at the capital, j are to the Bth inst. Congress was still in session at Queretaro at the latest dates. A rumor was prevalent that the members were about to quit Queretaro and assemble in the city of Morelia. Speaking on this subject, the Areo Iris of the IBth inst. says; The members of the Mexican Congress have determined to assemble in the citv ot Morelia, ' (the ancient Valladolid,) now capital of the I State of Mlchoacan. It appears that at Querela- ! ro they were always threatened by a new revolution, and, therefore they wanted a safe place to deliberate with ail the indeneudence and freedom that they require. Santa Anna had at the last accounts arrived at Orizaba with a force of about 1500 merged 1 soldiers. In alluding to the order of Pena v Pena, in depriving Santa Anna of his command, the Arco Iris says:—lf the President, Pena y Penn, meant by the order that he sent him to Huamantla, that this chief should be depriv ed of all command in the army, he must have been greatly disappointed, for General Santa : Anna has yet a brigade under his orders. Prom the same paper of the 18 th, we hastily glean the following items; Ihe road to Mexico according to the per sons who came down with the last train, pre sents every where the most complete scene of waste and desolation. At the approach of the Americans, the inhabitants of ths villages abandon their houses, and run away to conceal themselves in the woods, 'ihe churches have been converted into hospitals or stables by ths troops of both armies, and the whole way is strewn with th eskeletons of horses, shreds* of uniforms, broken wagons,, &c. It is rumored that the Mexicans are gather ing all their forces to attack the train "on its return to the capital; but if Santa Anna puts a finger in the pic, it will turn out all talk and no cider. The same night in which the American train halted at Tejuapalto, Gen. Rea was encamped at Ojo de Agua . a place on the road, which is about twenty miles from Perotc, but Ilea did not dare to attack the Americans, although he had been reinforced with all the cava.ry of General Alvarez. Os the social intercourse bet ween the Mexi cans and the Americans at the capital, the A merican Star of the 3d inst. says ; Wc have taken repeated occasions to express rjo.ur gratification at the evidences, which every ttay presents, that the Mexican people are fast learning to entertain a more just appreciation American character. They evince a .disposition to da justice to those who have been.calumniated, and to extend to them the courtesies of life. Vv'e are speaking rather of the intelligent and cultivated portion of the citizens, than of those who give no tone to so ciety, an?, exert no influence upon it. Inter course Jpctweca the former and educated Ame ricans is fast increasing. Whether at the thea tre, or ip .the streets, it is getting to be no un- | common thing to see an American gentleman by -the *ide -of a Mexican or Spanish lady, I showing Iver that attention and courtesy which are the characteristics of the intercourse be tween ladies and gentlemen in every part of the United States. Vv'e say, we rejoice at these evidences of kindly and friendly feelings £xxx the part of the intelligent people of the city. American Star of Nov. C.j From QuEKF.T.viio, —Letters from the scat of Government state that seventy-seven members appearing in their seats. Congress commenced its session cm Tuesday la-t. The candidates of the Moderates were Godov and Hernandez : —of the Euros, Vepna and (*ren. Morales. The latter seem to have abandoned Almonte alto gether—unpopularity with all parties render ing his defeat almost certain. Those who pre tend to be in the secrets, however, say that it is the partisans of Santa Anna who have des troyed the hopes of the indefatigable candidate, Almonte. The latter docs not disguise his i hatred of the late President, and it is believed that were he in power, he would do all in his power to crush the hero of so many defeats. — It was understood that the partisans of Santa Anna would vote for Cumplido. The Mod- 1 crates had settled upon Pena y Pena, though | he is stated not to be enough of a war man to J suit the views of his party. The Governors of the States of Vera Cruz nnd Oaj aca recognize the authority of Pena y Pen as s constitutional, and pledge their efforts to sustain it. The Bishop of Guadalajara, also recognized the new Government, and avows his determination to co-operate with it in sa ving the country. Exchange of Visits. —Day before yesterday, Gen. Scott and suit, in full dress, visited the Archbishop, and yesterday that dignitary re turned the compliment, andremained in the General's quarters for some time. Paredes. —The movements of this indivi dual appear to bs watched with a great deal of interest by a large portion of the Mexicans. His sudden passage from Cuba to Vera Cruz, was somewhat inexplicable, and his escape from the latter city still more so. The next we hear of him is, that he is in the vicinity of this jcity, and said to be seriously indisposed. This again is contradicted, and now we find him addressing his countrymen in regard to the pre neat state of affairs, and the future prospect of the Republic. His known monarchical prin ciples, him an object of much suspicion among all friends of the Republic, and we are not surprised to find the leading journals of Mexico loud in his comdeundation. For in stance,El Mcreliano of Sunday last, in announ cing that he has issued an address to his fel low citizens, in which he gives, at some length, the reasons which induced him to return to the Republic, speaks of him in somewhat severe terms. It says that “ a General, who ought to have been engaged in defending his country from foreign invasion, has turned his back and ; arms upon her, is unworthy of being employed ; fry ajay administration. Wfiat security can such a man offer to the nation, he himself be ing the main cause of her present troubles?— None. Because he' who has failed to do his duty once, will fail a hundred times.” TMs is severe language, and may be merited. Cer tain it is that there is a strong feeling manifest ed against Paredes, by the prominent journals of the Republic. His monarchical prejudices are probably the ground of this, and we doubt whether such a man is destined to bring order and regularity out of the chaos and confusion which surround the RepU lie. He will hard ly have the power, in the present position of parties in the Republic, even if he had the in clination. We hope some master-spirit may yet arise, who, looking to the best interests of the Mexican Republic, will exert the energies of his mind to restore her to the position she once occupied in the eyes of the world. This can only he done by her fining ample justice : in the first place, to the people of the United States, whose government, while its army has ! been everywhere victorious, has yet with a I spirit of great magnanimity, made honorable { propositions of peace. But this is not a sub- I jeet upon which wc propose to enlarge at this time. —American Star, Noc. 7th. The Wounded. — Wc arc pleased to see so many officers and soldiers getting out into the street, having sufficiently recovered from their wounds to do so. It is strange, indeed, that some who were slightly wounded in the leg or I arm, died from the effects of the wound, whilst | others shot through the body and into the j head, are fast recovering. There is a some ! thing about it which we cannot understand, j Capt. Scantland, an old friend of ours, who i loft the Ist Tennessee Regiment to take corn j mand of a company in the new levy, was shot j through the head, the ball entering near one ! eye and coming out at the opposite temple, i None thought he would live a day, and now | we understand he is not only alive, but has made his appearance in the streets on foot. — lb. Vera Curz, Mexico, Nov. 14 th, 1317. Eds. Delta. —There is, I am sorry to say, but little local news to acquaint you with from this point since my last. The next train which i is to go up in command of Gon. Marshall, is i rapidly augmenting by the numerous troops I arriving almost daily from all points. Os it I •'shall have more to say hereafter. The princi pal matter now engrossing public attention— at least, that of our business men —is the ra pid advance to this city of the “train” from the city of Mexico. It is in command of Col. Harxey, who brings with him 2003 men, 1200 of whom arc reported to bo on the sick list, together with 500 wagons for clothing—stores for the army above. The fact is fully appre ciated here by the Mexican merchants, all or nearly all of whom are and have been busily employed packing goods for their respective | agents in the city for weeks past. This ac tivity in business, it must be borne in mind, is confined to the old resident merchants here, who arc long established—the new-comers sjem scarcely to have commenced operations yet, and will not, it is supposed, until the sut lers come down whose supplies have been ex hausted in the late campaign. A fellow-citi zen of yours, Mr. Duperu, who went up with Gen. Scott as sutler some months ago, arrived here this morning. He, in company with four other persons, left the city along with the j train, but parted company with it at Puebla, from which point they started, “on their own hook,” came over the mountains, thereby shortening the journey considerably,and report that they did not see on the entire route which they travelled above a dozen of the guerrillas. In fact, every one who has arrived here from above lately, reports the roads as being remark ably quiet. I conversed with a person, who. with his brother and *two servants, travelled the entire distance from the city of Mexico to VcraCruz, and he acknowledged that although apprehensive of danger when starting, that he was most agreeably surprised to find that the travelling all through had at length be come perfectly safe. It must be remembered, though, that the travellers were Mexicans— the one I spoke of, however, speaks English, having been educated in the United States. He speaks very warmly of the new states of affairs in the city, and seems to be of opinion that a new era is about to dawn on his unfortunate and much ill-used native country. From the various accounts received here within the last few days, it is presumed that Gen. Patterson and his train are now at Jalapa. I regret to state that yelow fever has again made its appearance in the squadron. There were no le.-s than eight cases on board the John Adams day before yesterday, three of whom died yesterday. Another train has just arrived, in command • of Gen. Quitman —a portion of the main train jis now on its way and expected daily. It con i sists of about forty wagons; the escort was composed of Capt. Kearny’s company of the 2d Dragoon o . Capt. K. was not in command himself, having lost his arm in one of the en gagements at Contreras nr Churubusco—so the command devolved on his Ist Lieutanant. There is very little sickness in Vera Cruz at present, and the hospital cases are almost entirely composed of persons suffering from diarrhoea, dysentery and the like. No yellow fever is at present visible amongst them. The day before yesterday the large train ar rived here, over 500 wagons, and some 2000 men—l2oo of whom are sick and wounded. List of Passengers per Steamship Alabama. — Mag. Gen. Quitman ; Brig. Gen. Shields ; Sur geon-General Lawson ; Col. Harney, 2d Dra goons ; Col. Garland, 4th Inf.; Col.’ Andrews, Voltiguers; Col. Morgan, 15th Inf.; Col. Ram say, 11th Inf. ; Col. Burnett, N. Y. Vols.; Dr. j Harney, U. S. A.; Lieut. Col. Moore, 3d Dra goons ; Maj. Smith, Engs.; Maj. Wade, 3rd. Art.; Maj. Gwynn, 6th Inf.; Maj. Bonneville, 6th Inf.; Maj. Loring, Rifles ; Maj. Borland, Arks. Vols.; Maj, Bennett, Paymaster; Maj. i Dykeman, N. Y. Vols.; Capt. Anderson, 3rd I Art.; Capt. Wayne, Asst. Q. M. ; Capt. Mar tin, Asst. Q. M.; Capt. Jones, Rifles; Capt. Mcßcynolds, 3d Drags.; Capt. Kearney, Ist Drags.; Capt. Penrose, 2d Inf.; Capt. Mason, Engs.; Capt. Clay, Ky. Yols.; Capt. Irwin, 11th Inf.; Capt. Edwards, Voltigcurs ; Lieut. G. T. M. Davis; Lieut. Thorn, Top. Engs.; Lieut. Newman, 9th Inf.; Lieut. Williamson, 3d Inf.; Lieut. Brodhead, 15th Inf.; Lieut. Potter, N. Y. Yds.; Lieut. Sweenej”, N. Y. Vols.; Lieut. Rosencranz, sth Inf.; Lieut. Serames, U. S. N.; Lieut. Vernon, Voltigcurs ; Lieut. May, Rifles ; Lieut. Beardsly, Bth Inf.; Lieut. Hendrickson, 6th Inf.; Lieut. Maclay, Bth Inf.; Lieut. Haskins, Ist Art.; Lieut. Johnston, 3d Art. ; Lieut. Johnson, 6th Inf.; Lieut. Boynton, Ist Art.; Lieut. Graham, Ist Drags.; Lieut. Judd, 3d Art. ; Lieut. Shields, 14th Inf.; Lieut. Thomas, 3d Art.; Lieut. Cal endar, Ordnance; Lieut. Moragne, S. C. Vols.; Lieut. Kiger, Vo tigeurs; Lieut. Edwards, Mar. Cor.; Lieut. Graves ; Lieut. Hammond ; Messrs. Davidß. Pierce; N. C. Davis, U. S. N.; Shirchfield ;H. Marks ;T. L. Doughty; Watts; Gibbons; John Foster and Geo. W. Kendall. The Steamer Coosa, Capt. Laffcrty, arrived at the wharf in this place on Wednesday, load ed with lumber for the Rome Rail Road, and Cotton and flour consigned to Augusta. She left again yesterday morning, with merchandise fjr Gadsden and other places below. —Rome ( Ga.J Journal , 2Qth inst. Locae. We had a sharp sprinkling of snow on yesterday; not enough however, to mark the ground. The weather is still raw and un settled, the river rising, and in fine boating I order. The business of the season is fairly be ; gun, and our merchants are active and ener getic. New Articles of Export. —We learn that f during the past week about 40,000 lbs. of cop per ore of superior quality, from Polk county, , Tenn., ha<* been received in our city, via the Georgia and South Carolina Railroads. It will i be shipped to Boston to be smelted and rolled. ; We understand- the gentleman in charge of the Mines thinks the facilities of working them : and getting the ore to market, far superior to the Copper Mines on the Lakes. Pig Iron, of very superior quality, from | Atlanta, for the Boston market, and Lime from the Cherokee counties of Georgia, have been ■ received by the Railroad during the past week. 1 These articles promise so become important ; items in the business- of the Hoad. —Charleston I Merctfryr 23 th inst. Caution to dishonest Post Masters. —The j mail has lately been fre jnently robbed between ; Chattanooga and Nashville,and we understand tire rogue has at last been apprehended in | in the latter place. He was deputy in the ; Post Office at Millcrsburg, Tennessee, and j while on a visit to- the capitol called at a bro ker’s office, (who fortunately had been placed in possession of the private marks of the mis sing bills,) to get small change for some large bank notes. The broker took the liberty of detaining the gentleman until he renders a satisfactory account of hmv he came nto pos session of the cash. A gentleman from Ten nessee informs us, that the evidence of guilt is so plain against him, that ho is sure to he sent to a home at Nashville. —Mountain Eagle , 2 Qth lust. The Weather — Snow. —The weather is very cold here at present, and yesterday a hea vy snow fell in the noth-eastern part of this county. Wo understand that the Cohutta mountains arc now covered with it. P. S. Since the above paragraph was in type, we have had light snow here, but not enough to cover the ground. At present, there is every prospect of a bountiful supply. P. S. No. 2.—As we got to press, the weather is cold as “sc’ssors,” and snow fall ing thick and fast. — lb. Ten bales of cotton from Alabama, were shipped by the Rail Road from this place, on Saturday last. This is the first that has been sent from here, but we understand a considera ble quantity of Alabama cotton is shortly to come this way.— lb. iwjwnEitf ui tug. iruumh %it g a*la, 0c or oi a . TUESDAY MORNING, NOV. 30. of Warehouses in this city and Hamburg, will confer a favor on ns if they will have the Cotton remaining on. hand in their respective warehouses counted for us by two o’clock to-day. n?*The Union of Friday last notices the ar rival of several Members of Congress. Among them we notice the names of the Hon. Jeffer son Davis of Mississippi, and Hon. Howell Cobb of Georgia. EP*The Hon. John Bell, the newly elected Senator from Tennessee, is said to have come out in opposition to the resolutions of Mr. Clay. Liberal Charters to Manufacturing Com panies. The views we have put forth on this head have met with the strong dissent of some of our Democratic friends of high intelligence and sterling principles. This we regret. We arc always sorry to differ with any strong mind holding to the same political faith with us. But we should attach minor consequence to a mere difference of opinion, wore it not urged that wc have departed from fundamen tal principles of Democratic theory. The Southern Banner also, a journal ably ed ited, and belonging to “ the most straightest sect,” joins issue with us. We cannot but think that its zeal goes to the extent of im practicable ultraism. It betrays bitter hostif ty to corporations and seems to consider all artificial associations, no matter for what great enterprize and improvement, radically impro per, anti-Dcmocratic, and an encroachment upon the rights of the people. Wc have con tended that they may be created for valuable purposes —that they may promote great inte rests, and add to the aggregate wealth, pros perity and power of the State. They will re turn ten fold all the advantages which legis lation may grant them, and in this view we advocate the policy of liberal legislation to wards them. In this view of the case we ad vocated the granting of liberal charters to Manufacturing Companies ; and to secure the extensive embarkation of capital in them, ap proved two propositions submitted in the late Message of Gov. Crawford. * Ist. The exemption of the stockholders from individual liability' for the debts of the Com pany*. 2nd. Exemption for a limited term of years of the property of the Company from taxation. These two propositions arc alleged to be in the highest degree heretical—such as can not be for a moment tolerated, and have never been countenanced in the strict schools of De mocracy. In reference to the first proposition, we as sert that it is in accordance with the principles of the Common Law —that good old sy*stem of our Anglo-Saxon ancestry, under the sanction of which, though in some respects modified by statute law, exists our whole social or ganization, our rights of life, of person and of property. It is a system embodying the ripen ed wisdom and learning of centuries, and al though we arc not prepared to indorse the en comium that it is “ the perfection of reason,” it cannot be denied that its fundamental prin ciples will generally be found to bo in strict accordance with justice. It is a principle of Common Law that a corporation is an artifi cial person, and that the individual members are wholly distinct from it, and not liable in person or estate for its acts so long as they are in pursuance of its charter. The limited co partnership law as now of force in this State is as applied to unchartered associations, a prac tical illustration of the Common Law in refe rence to corporations. The Democratic party of this country', has, with great propriety, we think, interpolated a principle upon the Common Law in reference to incorporated Banking Companies. This is the principle of individual liability of stock holders for the contracts and debts of the Com pany:. The reasons for this arc too obvious, too familiar to require repetition here. The vast powers given to Banking institutions-*- their facilities for obtaining credit—the great number of their creditors from the circulation of their bills among all classes of citizens, and ; the difficulty of reaching fbeir corporate as sets, or of knowing tbeir amount of value £ all these and other circumstances render it al together proper that the Common Law should ; be modified by r the additional restriction which Democratic legislation has imposed upon these j institutions. We go farther : We think that this restriction should be imposed upon every I chartered Company', the nature of whose bu ] siness is such that it would be in the power of the corporators, from the character of their bu : smess, to obtain such a credit as we have de- ! ; seribed, and by' means of which there would j ; be danger of loss to a large and meritorious ■ 1 class of creditors. And in all cases of char- j 1 tered Companies, no matter what the nature | of their business, and however desirable to i the State may' be the encouragement of their pursuits, there should be strict limits prescri bed to them, for the infringement of which a direct personal liability should attach in add!- j tion to the forfeiture of the charters. We arc 1 advocates in cases of fraudulent or reckless i ! violations of chartered restrictions, of direct ; ! pecuniary' responsibility* and of penal enact ments as so the parties really guilty. We have never doubted the propriety* of our most stringent laws against the Director's of Bank ing institutions for violations of their charters. But “ whci> the reason of Che ride ceases, the rule likewise should ccasc.” In a Company*, as for instance a Manufacturing i?s well as a Banking Company, there may* be hundreds of corporators, humble citizens, poor mechanics, artizims and farmers, widows and minors, who would be sufferers as well as the public, per haps the chief sufferers in case of fraudulent failures. They should not be punished for their misfortunes by* penal enactments. But they should be armed with power to punish the authors. In case of a violation of the charter, individual pecuniary liability' should attach to each stockholder for the protection of the creditor, to the extent, for instance, of an amount equal to the stock subscribed. But to make each liable for the whole amount, the sinned against as well as the sinning, is virtu ally to prohibit the aggregation of capital by small contributions, for any enterprize requir ing heavy amounts to carry it on. It will ei ther be banished forever from our soil, or be left a monopoly in the hands of a wealthy few. Our second proposition, the temporary' ex emption of manufacturing companies from taxation, is objected to as such a gross and un heard of violation of the democratic principle of equality of rights, that in the eyes of some strict constructionists, no consideration of prospective benefit to the State can sanction it. This is a sudden outburst of radical zeal on this question. It has often lain dormant, when other instances of partial legislation, and favoritism to special interests have occurred. No legislature ever sat in our State —scai'cely docs it now spend a day' in session without in some way* violating the strict principle of equality. In fact there could scarcely be such things as local bills and private bills, as they* are called, which are not in derogation of this equality of rights. What is a bill authorizing a citizen to erect a mill clam, or a toil gate, or j construct a bridge, or ply* a ferry boat, and j charge toll ? Is it not an exclusive right ? Is o 9 it not legislative favoritism ? Or if exercised by the Justices of the Inferior Court, pursu ant to a legislative provision, is it not practi cally the same thing ? What arc special acts for the relief of citizens as securities on bail bonds, or for omissions to comply with the law in reference to taxes or land grants —nr perhaps for relief from the penalties of the law for crime. What arc laws restricting the prac tice of medicine and of law to a certain des cription of diplomaed citizens, to the entire prohibition of all others ? In short what are all acts of incorporation, whether of churches or of banks, of rail road companies or manu facturing companies—of colleges, academies, and of the thousand forms in which the natu ral man is converted into an artificial being, having a distinct legal existence from his other fellow-citizens, and even from his own indi vidual citizenship, but special acts of favorit ism in derogation of strict equality of rights ? The truth is, the whole complicated net work of society is a series of innovations, gen erally for wise purposes, upon that perfect equality* of which we find man possessed in the primitive state of nature. Every step in the progress of society, trenches upon that absolute equality which exists when there is no gov ernment and no law'. It is fashionable to rail against corporations as anti-democratic. these artificial existences greet us as necessa ry constituents of organized society wherever we turn. Speaking of corporations that exist by force of the common laic , Sir William Black stone, says— “Of this sort are the king himself, all bish ops, parsons, vicars, church w'ardens and some others; who by' common law have ever been held ( as far as our books can show us) to have been corporations virtute officii: and this in corporation is so insoperably annexed to their offices, that we cannot frame a complete legal idea of any' of these persons, but we must al ways have an idea of a corporation, capable to transmit his rights to his successors, at the same time.” We have no corporations by common laic, but we hare many by the constitution and by statute. The Governor of the State, the Judge upon the bench, the wardens of a church, the trustees of an academy are corporations or com ponent parts of one. Corporations have ex isted since the days of Numa, who introduced them in the day*s of the feuds between the Roman and Sabine factions. They arc at once an element and an evidence of civilization. They should n,ot be ruthlessly assailed as des tructive to liberty and equal rights. They should not be improvideatly created. They should not be armed with the means of doing great evil; and abuse of powers should be jeal ously -watched and indignantly punished. But to make war upon the whole system of corporations is to take a retrograde stop in civilization and human progress. The crea tion of a corporation is at once the creation of special privileges. But if its creation will subserve a w*ise purpose, is it any more a gross violation of the rights of the masses to extend to it for a limited time exemption from the burthens of taxation with a view to insure the f accomplishment of the purpose aimed at ? The State expects a benefit to accrue immediately to her citizens, and to their general interests. She anticipates a direct prospective benefit to accrue to her treasury by* the erection of the corporation. She grants the temporary* ex emption then, for a valuable consideration. Apply the reasoning to manufacturing com panies. Wc think w’e demonstrated that they would bestow an equivalent upon the State in return for the special exemption. The Southern Danner, however,, seems im bued with bitter hostility to that great branch of human industry*—manufacturing pursuits. Its opposition to liberal charters appears to spring as much from the idea that the nature of the business is such that factories bring in their train wealth to the few, and poverty, ; disease, and broken spirits to the many. It ; even laments over that ingenuity which has made human labor more efficient by* combin- j ing it with mechanical skill and improve- i ' ments in machinery, and still prefers the te- ' dious process of “ the spinning wheel and hand loom/’ It would be as wise to object to | dll improvements in agricultural implements, ! or in manuring soils by* which three bushels J of grain could be produced where one grew j before, and to sigh for that primitive husban- | dry when oxen tied by* the tail to wooden plows wore in vogue. The fol owing picture j of the factory system is from the Banner of | the 25th inst., and whether imaginary or real, | betrays a hostility to it so strong as to account, independent of the democracy of the editor, for his opposition tor ** liberal charters.” “ The incorporated companies of spinners and weavers by labor saving machines mo nopolize upon the “ spinning wheel and hand loom” that employ more women and children, and in a more wholesome manner. These must now be driven to a factory* because their occupation is gone, and with them must go a spirited and manly brother, husband or father to cringe beneath the power of capital —and all of them to pine in the unwholesome air of a factory*. The history* of factories is nothing but a talc of woe to this class of our popula tion. Far better that they should seek i* cot tage in the cheap or public lands of our ex tensive domain. If we cannot retain them without the slavery of the factory system, it is both more humane and republican to assist them if they* are unable to go without it, to a home upon 1 mds that will cost them rrothing. There never was a manufacturing state, and there never will be, that enjoyed liberty. — Capital and labor are natural enemies. The land may flourish but it will be at the loss of the social and political equality* of the labor ing population.” “Capital and labor are natural enemies/' — Is this true ? Then was the iron coin of Ly curgus the wisest currency ever circulated: Then laws, aimed to keep pco2>le poor, wou’d conduce most to the peace and happiness of society*. If this be true, then is capital a scourge in the hands of the wealthy against the poor who furnish labor. Then do the poor war against capital and seek to do all the harm in their power to their natural enemy'. But this is not a true picture of society. This is not the tendency and effect of labor and of capital in any ordinary* system of government. Tiiey* are not antagonists. They derive from | each other reciprocal value. It is true that 1 every* purchaser of labor seeks to get it cheap, and every laborer seeks to sell his labor at the best price. But the spirit of self-mterest con trols all business transactions. All classes of men illustrate the adage, “ there is no friend ship in trade. But it is not true in fact, that the rich and the poor are natural enemies. It inflicts injury on society to inculcate the doc trine, or to countenance it. Honest poverty brings no degradation with it, nor docs an in crease of capital in a country destroy the lib erty* of the masses, or cause them to cringe to the wealthy. If the people arc properly edu cated, and we believe that in this country they* have the true spirit of freemen and a true knowledge of their birthright, the poorest man will feel that he is as free and enjoy's as many* civil rights as the wealthiest and proud est in the land. If capital and labor are to be array'ed against each other as natural enemies with a view to discourage manufactures, why may not this antagonism be urged with equal propriety* to the detriment of commerce, by dissuading the common sailor from serving —or of agriculture by deterring the laborer from taking wages—or of the various trades and mechanical pursuits, by discouraging jour neymen and apprentices from work. In all these, capital employs labor and derives value from it. Let either be destroyed,and the other must suffer. It will generally be conceded that a coun try whose labor is employed in a diversity of pursuits is more prosperous, accumulates and retains wealth faster and can sustain a larger population in comfort than a country which depends upon one pursuit. But The Southern Banner would oppose the accomplishment of this state of things, if to bring it about any special privileges must be granted. Yet on the very page which so fiercely assaults liberal charters, is the men tion without a word of disapproval, of a pro position to appropriate money from the State Treasury to endow a professorship of Agri cultural Chemistry. Is not this running counter,to the editors theory of—favors to none —no special legislation to foster any particu lar pursuit ? Again, on the same page is mentioned with out dissent, and we infer, approvingly, the re cent action of the Legislature by joint reso lution in favor of immense grants of the pub lic domain, and of other exclusive rights to Col. Whitney, to encourage him to build a magnificent Rail Road across the North Ame rican Continent. Was not here a favorable opportunity for the editor to insist on the pro position he lays down as follows : The radical error at the bottom of the whole scheme, is the attempt to direct capital and industry into particular channels, We re peat, “Let them alone.” Yet if this policy be rigidly pursued in Georgia, and no fbstering care extended to * new enterprizes, our State will be left in the background in this age of progress, and much of her floating capital will find profitable in* vestment in chartered companies brought into existence under the genial auspices of liberal legislation in her adjoining sister States, I The Now York Circus j The fine Circus Company of Messrs. Robin son & Eld red, arrived yesterday, and made j an imposing spectacle in otfc- sffoet* i with their large cavalcade of horses, preceded . by thoir celebrated brass band, drawn in a cats by twelve beautiful animals. They com menced their performances last eYcrsing to X | crowded audience, and we believe it was gen erally conceded to be one of the best com panies that has visited our city for s-'me years* | The Clown, Signor Felix Carlo, has no supe rior, and it is worth the price of admission to see him go through his various antfcx. The Company will perform agnfifj this evening* Theatre. Tills is the last night of fire engagement of the celebrated Lehmann Family,- whose per-' formanccs have given such general satisfac tion to our citizens. The bill offered is an- tractive one, and should draw a full house.- Hampton Course- The Racing over this course will commence" I on d uesday next, <th inst., and a good weeks [ sport is anticipated, as there are already twen | ty-one horses on the ground ready to enter the list as comp- titors. The following gen- I tlemen have stables now in training on the 1 track, viz: Capt. Rowe, Wm* Myers, Robert Myers, D. Burroughs, f. Harrison, J. Single ' ton, W. Ilarleo, and Lewis Lovell. The Proprietor has put the track in first ! rate order, and made sundry improvements for the accommodation of visitors ; and those at a distance fond of the sports of the turf, we think can enjoy themselves here during race week. At a meeting of the Members of the Ilamp-' ton Jocky Club, Dr. J. G. McWhorter, was elected President, Geo. W. Lamar, Esq., Vice President, and William Clagctt, Secretary. Gen- Taylor- The New Orleans Bee, of the 22d instant, states that a highly important law sui* will re quire the presence of General Taylor in Mis sissippi oa the first Monday (the 6th) of De cember. There ww, therefore, but little doubt that he would reach New Orleans dur ing the last week of this month. The General, accompanied by Gen. Wool, left Monterey ow the S-th November, inspect - ing the posts- en route , and had reached Mier on the 13th, and was hourly expected at th® Brazos when the Edith left. Florida The Gerjegal Assembfy of Florid® convened at Tallahassee on Tuesday last. In the Senate lion. Daniel G. McLean, of Walton, was elected President; Calhoun Wk Downing, Secretary; R. A. Hardy, Assistant Secretary; A. 11. Bush. Enrolling Clerk; W. Taylor, Sergeant-at- Arms, and A. G. McLean, Messenger. In the House, IIor»* Joseph B. Lancaster, of Duval, -was elected Speikerj Win. B. Lancas ter, Chief Clerk; Sergeant at Arms, Wm. i* Atwater; Messenger, Rev. S. B. Foster. U- S- Senator Elected—at last- The Chattanooga Gazette, of the 26th inst*, says —We learn, from a letter received in this place, from Nashville, by Wednesday’s mail, that Bell (W r hig) has been elected United S, Senator; but by what majority we have net ascertained. Steamers to Bremen- The "Washington Union denies, on the au i thority of the proper department, the statement of the London Morning Chronicle, that the line of steamers between New York and Bre men would, in all probability, be discontinued, the returns not covering the expense#* Th«r« is no truth whatever in the statement. A Manifest Destiny Man "When Lt. Emory stopped at Panama, on his return to the United States last spring, ho encountered an American at that place half seas over, with whom he got into an interest ing conversation. “ W r hy don’t you return to your country ?’* said Lt. Emory. “Return to my country? Never!'* “ "Why r “ Because I am a Manifest Destiny Man,and my country will be along here, long before I die r Edwin Fohkest, Esq., the distinguished tragedian, has offered three thousand dollars for the best original tragedy, in five acts,which shall be written by an American citizen. [Correspondence of the Constitutionalist.] GEORGIA LEGISLATURE. Wednesday, Nov. 24, 184,7. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Mr. Shockley laid up the table yesterday a resolution, which provides for the early settle ment of the affairs of the Central Bank. BILLS INTRODUCED. By Mr. Jones, to authorize the settlement of minor offences, and to compell an efficient prosecution of high crimes and misdemca nors- Also, to authorize the Governor to appoint a fit and proper person to sell and dispose o f undrawn lots, and to limit the time for frac tion purchasers to pay for and take out grant* for fractions. Also, to authorize the Goven, or to close the Poor School accounts on the J sth December of each and every year. By Mr. Hardin, a memorial &:c., to con struct a rail road from a point on the Savan nah river to the Central Rail Road, and also to Augusta. Bv Mr. Bartow: A resolution, id authorize the Governor to have purchased and presented in the name of the State, to Josiah Tattnall, of the U. S. Navy, an elegant sword, suitable for an officer of his rank. Mr. Gartrcll laid upon the table the resolu olutions of Mr. Clay in relation to the exist ing war with Mexico, which were read and re ferred to the Committee on th® state of the Republic. Thursday, Nov. 25, 1847. Dear Sir: As this is Thanksgiving day, neither branch of the General Assembly has convened. The State House is deserted, stores are closed, business shops shut up, and the bells are summoning people to the sanctuary of the Most High, Every thing in nature seems to harmonize with the occasion. It is now the last of the fourth week of the session and nothing of importance has yet been done. Indeed it appeals that the mem bers are almost afraid to take action upon any matter, lest they should commit themselves to an appropriation of a few dollars. I- Ml iaI( “ • /