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THE~CONSTITUTIONALIST.I JAMES GARDNER, JR. TERMS. ally, per annum 00 ! Tri-Weekly, per annum tj 00 If paid in advance 5 00 W cckly, per annum S 00 i If paid in advance 2 50 I To Clubs, remitting $lO in aovaxck. FIVE COPIES are sent. This will put our Weekly pa- i per in the reach of new subscriber* at TWO DOLLARS A YEAR. IT who will pay up arrearages, and vend four new subscribers, with the money, can get she paper at s‘2 00. IFUAII new subscriptions must be paid in ad- ; ranee. (TjTPostagc must he paid on all communications and letters of business. I r". ir aa i>mr» jEgcapacgyroaegcgiqM [ f\om the Washington Union. j Annual Treasury Report- Concluded. Comparing the first twelve months ending the Ist of December, 1347, under the new ta riff, with preceding years, we find proofs of in creased prosperity. The revenue has largelv augmented; so also have the imports, exports, and tonnage, our imports of specie, our coin age at the mint, our agricultural and mineral products, our commerce and navigation, the business upon our lakes, rivers, and coastwise upon our rail roads and canals—whilst in every direction manufactories are being es tablished or enlarged, and new manufacturing towns and cities are springing into existence. Even the revulsion in England, which always produces such disasters to all our great inter ests, including cotton, this year, with the fa mine combined, affects nothing thus far, com pared with former years, but the great staple ©f cotton. Instead of ruin, we find prosper!- I ty ; the manufacturers receiving fair profits, nnd the workingmen augmented wages and employment. Coni and iron are in greater de mand, and bringing better prices than before the repeal of the tariff of 1812, yet they can derive no portion of their augmented price from that famine abroad, to which is attribut ed by some all our existing prosperity; but which famine, in fact, is causing a temporary drain of specie to England, not to pay balances j but because bills are discredited, which has, j for the time depressed the price of cotton, and wtiich is the only brief check at this period to our advancing prosperity. If, as is truly the ease, our wealth as connected with the mines, the forest, and fisheries, our agriculture, coin- \ mercc, manufactures, and navigation, are more prosperous, and, above all, wages arc aug mented, why should we change the existing ! system ? The predictions of its failure have themselves failed. The new tariff is no longer an experiment; the problem is solved; and ■ experience proves that the new system yields ' more revenue, enhances wages, and advances | more rapidly the public prosperity. In the midst of all this success, why put in jeopardy, by any change, the nation’s revenue and wel fare r When free trade is advancing so rapidly throughout the world, shall we retrograde and invite Great Britain to re-enact her corn-laws, and drive again from her ports our breadstuff’s j and provisions ? And now, when under our successful example the ports of Europe arc most probably about being more widely open- i ed to all our exports, shall we check the ad vancing spirit of the ago, and extinguish the j dawnin ; light of commercial freedom r Every- 1 where nations are being aroused upon this \ subject; their statesmen are resisting the in teroUod classes, and expo-lug the injury and | injustice of shackles upon trade, and will soon enroll • he names of oth rr countries on the great international league of commercial freedom for the benefit of mankind. It was our own coun try and her public functionaries who proclaim ed these great truths before they had received the sanction of other nations. Our great mevenient was felt in British councils, was quoted as a precedent in the halls of British legislation, where American free trade docu ments were recorded among their archives, i and our doctrines approved and example fob- ■ lowed by the repeal ox the British corn laws and the reduction or repeal of other duties upon our exports. Indeed, it has been con ceded by some of our own most distinguished protectionists, that the promulgation of the free trade doctrines in the American official documents of 131-5, certainly accelerated, if in deed it did not actually insure, the repeal of the British corn laws. With such results al ready from our efforts, we have every motive to persevere until the free trade doctrines of Great Britain and America, the two great na tions of kindred blood and language, shall open the ports and disenthrall the commerce of the world. What may we not hope from our efforts with other nations if they have succeeded in Great Britain? That country, so long the bulwark of protection, applying it by a sliding scale upon the masses of her people down to the utmost point of human endu rance, has at length overcome the errors of ages. One of her own groat statesmen, the most able and efficient champion of the pro tective policy, at length lifts his eyes to the light of truth; and, with that moral firmness nnd intrepidity, which is the highest evidence of real greatness, abandons the cherished poli cy of his life, only because he found it to be injurious to his country, and unites in the sup port of commercial freedom with his truly il- : lustrious, but untitled countryman, who has j earned for himself the highest of all earthly , distinctions —that of benefactor of his country and of mankind. France, Russia, Germany, Austria, Italy, Prussia, Switzerland, Holland, Belgium, Den mark, and Sweden, and even China, have moved or are vibrating or preparing to move in favor of the same great principle; and if our own country and Great Britain adhere to their present enlightened policy, the rest of the I world will lose their commerce, or adopt, as they will, our example. Pennsylvania, surpassingly rich in coal and iron, and but a year since so unanimous for protection, has tried low duties- Her coal and iron pour forth their treasures in increasing abundance; her breadstuff's and provisions find a better and more abundant market; her agri culture, her commerce, her manufactures, and navigation, her miners, farmers, merchants, and seamen, manufacture! s and mechanics, I and above all her toiling workmen, with en- 1 hanccd wages, and every pursuit of industry blessed w : th increased prosperity, rise up in favor of the new and more liberal commercial policy, and her people, by a majority unpre- i ccdontedly largest in the counties where her coal and iron most abound, recall their former verdict in favor of protection, and Pennsyl vania becomes the very keystone of the arch ©f commercial freedom* which must span the hemisphere we inhabit, and unite the interests I of mankind. Nations cannot grow rich by destroying ox restricting our commerce; and if the restrict tiou is good, the prohibition must be better. Commerce is au exchange of products; specie often adjusting balances, but constituting so inconsiderable a part of the value of products and property, but a small portion of sales can be for specie, but must be in exchange for other products. The attempt then, by high taxi Ts, to make large sales for any length of . time for the specie of other nations, is im practicable, and must diminish the quantity | and price of our exports. As specie sa.es lor iwn-g periods or great extent are impossible, that nation which from the surplus of pro- ( ducts of its own labor, at the best price, pur chases at the lowest rate the largest quantity of the products of the labor of the World, pro gresses in wealth most rapidly. Thus, if one I nation, by high duties, should forbid its citi- ; tens purchasing any of the products of other nations, except at a greatly advanced price, or should restrict the products of its own labor for the products of the labor of other nations. ] such restricting nation would certainly receive less of the comforts and necessaries of life in exchange for the products of its own labor, j and in this manner (the wa_cs of labor being connected with the value of its products) de- | press wages. If there were three nations—the | first raising breadstuff's* the second sugar, and ; the third cotton—and the first restricted the ex changes cf its breadstuff’s for the sugar of the | second, and the cotton of the third, it would j certainly get less sugar and cotton in exchange j lor its breadstuff's than other nations which i encourage free exchanges. Labor, then, tin- j taxed and unrestricted in all its exchanges j and markets, will certainly receive in ex . change a larger amount of the products of la bor, an I consequently accumulate wealth more rapidly than where labor is restricted in j its products to a single market, abandoning j the profits of the exchanges with other na nations. It is thus clear, that a taxor restric- | tiou on commerce is a restriction or tax upon labor, and falls chiefly upon the wages of labor; | and it will so on become an axiomatic truth, | that all tariffs arc a tax upon labor and wages. ! One of the most common errors is to coin- i pare our imports, exclusive of specie, with our i domestic exports, exclusive of specie; and if I there arc more such imports than exports in any one year, such balance of trade is set | down as so much lost by foreign commerce to the nation. A single fact proves the fallacy I of this position. From 1790 to the present period, our imports, exclusive of specie, have exc. cdel our domestic exports, exclusive of specie, several hundred millions of dollars; yet our wealth has increased with a rapidity j unprecedented. The theory, therefoie, is dis- 1 proved by the facts; and the reasons are obvi ous of which the following arc among the most prominent: The products of our whale fisheries ex tracted by our hardy seamen from the ocean, and most clearly one of the great products of American industry, when imported here are ; included in the list of our foreign imports, and ! go to swell several millions of dollars every j year this alleged unfavorable balance. The earnings of freight in foreign commerce by our crews and vessels are not brought into the account, or often against us, when invested in foreign imports. The profits of exchanging j | our imports or of sales of foreign products, do i not appear in the balance, or often against us. Thus an American merchant ships from Bos ton a cargo of ice during the winter, valued at ; that time, as an export, at a very small sum. He sends it to Calcutta, and sells it at an ad ! vanoe of perhaps a thousand per cent. The I proceeds he may invest there in the purchase of goods, which he can bring to hiverpool, i | and probably sell at a profit of twenty or \ thirty per cent.; and the aggregate profits re- 1 alized at Calcutta and Liverpool he takos home in specie, or in imports, or in a bill of exchange, which ho probably sells at a prem ium for remittance. Yet these profits may : never appear, or even appear as an unfavora ble balance under the head of imports. Upon the same fallacious theory, if, instead of pur i chasing millions of foreign fabrics from the profits of foreign commerce, such valuable ; foreign articles were presented gratuitously to ' the American merchant, and brought by him : into the country, they would sucll this al leged unfavorable balance of trade. To sum ; : up the result, as proved by the tables of the Treasury, it appears that, if the augmenta tion was in the same ratio as during the la-ff fiscal year since the repeal of the t ariff of 184 2, our domestic exports in 1819 would exceed those of any other nation; and our imports in 1851, our specie in 1350, our tonnage in 1851, an 1 if our revenue augmented in the same ra t o in succeeding years as in the year ending on the Ist of December, 1847, compared with the preceding year, our revenue from duties j in 1354 would exceed that of any other na j tion from the same source. It is not contend ed, great as the future augmentation may be as to imports or exports, tonnage, specie, and revenue, that the advance will be so rapid as it was this year, when, with the shackles stricken from commerce, we bounded forward at such a wonderful rate of progress. But that I the increase under low duties in a series of years will be regular, rapid, and progressive, is not doubted. Before the repeal of the Brit ish corn-laws, the argument hero for high du ties was a measure of retaliation, by closing our markets against British fabrics, to force her to open her ports to our breadstuffs and j provisions. Well, she has thus opened her ports freely, and invites the exchange; and yet it is still contended that we ought to keep out her fabrics by high duties, and of course induce her to re-establish her corn-laws. This is a new commercial era, and there are many causes combining at this time to aug ment trade among nations —the reduction or : repeal of duties, the construction of railroads nnd canals to bring the products and fabrics of i all nations from the interior to the seaboard, | with ocean steamers in addition to sailing ves sels to facilitate and hasten the exchange; and with China, containing nearly one-third of the ; population of the globe, brought at last with- \ in the range of liberal exchanges at low du- , tics. Our canals and railroads, bringing our j | own products and fabrics from the interior to j : the seaboard or lakes and rivers of the west; the points of distribution for domestic con ; sumption, as well as for shipment in exchange for fabrics of other nations, are of great and ; increasing importance. Without these roads j and canals, there are very many points where coal, and lime, and iron, and other materials, could not be brought together for profitable use in the same establishment; there are many I farms and manufactories whose products and fabrics could never have found a market, and the coal and iron of Pennsylvania and of other f States must have remained almost a useless treasure. This, in itself, is a great change in favor of our domestic industry, and is a far better protection to all the products and fab rics of American labor than any restriction which may be imposed by high tariffs; and, in truth, dispenses even with the pretext for any such policy, which, when the internal com munication has brought our own products or ■ fabrics upon the seaboard, would arrest their exchange there for the productions of the world. The doctrine that wo cannot encoun tor foreign cargoes in fair and open eompeti | tion, is as erroneous and as injurious to the national character as were the fears of some in 1812, that our gallant navy must be retained within our ports and harbors under the protec tion of their forts and ordnance and dare not ven turc upon the ocean,to meet on equal terms,gun for guu, and man for man, the navies of the i world. If our country is inferior, and cannot meet, at home and abroad, upon equal terms, the- products and fabrics of other nations, it is time that we should prepare to do so* Pro tection may exclude rival fabrics and shrink from the encounter, bqt we can only assume i the position of an equal by trying our strength under free trade or low duties. This we have done, and succeeded, and have thereby placed our own industry upon that solid basis which fears no competition. YVc know not our strength until it had been tried by low duties, and proved that protection is unnecssary. YVe are not inferior to other nations in the arts or sciences, in war or in ■wnwr itsf •^nmtmumKmmaszmrAxanmst. ij[ jji_ijiu__nJgaaajKje f peace, upon the ocean or the land, agriculture, ( commerce, manufactures, or navigation. We I have the raw material in greater abUndahce, I and at a lower price, cheaper subsistence, more i mineral wealth, more fertile lands, yielding , j from a bettor soil and warmer sun more to the acre and greater variety of products, with ex emption from costly government and oppres- | sive internal taxation; at least equal skill, cn terprise, industry, energy, perseverance, and inventive genius; and performing in a clay ; more effective labor, with better and freer in- | ! stitutions, and with public and individual i prosperity and capital augmenting in a greater I ratio, than in any other nation. We require | i no protection, because our industry and pros ■ perity repose upon the immoverable basis of i superior advantages; and advancing as we are | mote rapidly than any other nation in all the | j elemeutv of wealth and power, our exports, I I imports, tonnage, and specie, as has been : i already proved, will soon exceed those of any j i other country, and the pric s bo regulated at j the creditor city of New York, Restrictions upon the commerce of the Union are especially restrictions upon her commerce, and have im peded her advance tow aids her destiny—pre ; dieted in my last report—as the centre and emporium of the commerce of the world. For fiat high position she possesses more natural | advantages, and greater elements of augment ingwealth and business, than any other’city. Let us remove the obstructions which high tariffs have erected round her magnificent har bor. Let her have free scope to develop her transcendent natural advantages, and she must | become the depot of universal commerce, where | international balance-sheets will be adjusted, I and assorted products and fabrics of all nations 1 • interchanged; the great regulator of prices 1 current, and the barometer of the exchanges of | the world. The time is approaching when a j bill upon Ncav York will bring a higher pre- j mium than a bill upon any other city, and when ' the tribute of millions of dollars, paid by us to | other nations upon exchange, shall be paid by i them to us, and flow into our own great com- i 1 mercial emporium. Whilst Xcw York must I : contain a large population, as w T cll as New I Orleans, the principal depot of the mighty ; west, and many other cities, they will all be j small indeed, comp ared with the masses of the people of the Union, who will go on augmen- | ting in a corresponding ratio, still leaving an j immense majority of the nation engaged in i | agricultural pursuits, and supplying with their j products, not only our own markets, but those i of other nations, in an ever-increasing ratio, by 1 reciprocal exchanges under free trade or low duties. Although it must gratifiy all our j people that an American city should become j the centre of universal commerce, the advan- 1 tages will not be limited to that place; but all i the people, and cities, and States of the Union will feel the favorable effects of this groat re- | volution. Every branch of our industry will be enlarged and invigorated; and foreign cities, j having ceased to control our commerce or cur- j reney, will no longer sink at their pleasure, and with their revulsions, as heretofore, and as : j they now do, the price of our products. Other ! i Atlantic cities may not be as great as New York, yet they will all be greater when the emporium of universal commerce shall be here, than they would have been with any foreign j city occupying that commanding position. This destiny we can never accomplish, if com merce is restricted here; and our industry, instead of seeking from its products and fabrics the markets of more than a thousand millions 1 of people, retires within in our home market, j confined to twenty-one millions of people, and surrenders without an effort the markets and i commerce of the world. A liberal commercial policy is essential to the fulfilment of this great dc tiny of New York and of the Union; but, above and beyond all, the Union itself—the I free trade Union—its perpetuity an 1 onward I pri gress in area, wealth, and population, arc necessary to the ace. luplishmcnt of thc-e grand results. Upon this point, sectional i fanatics, few in number at home, an I despots , abroad couch ring with thorn, may hope or 1 I moanacc- but the American Union Is a moral i and physical, a political and commercial ncces- , sity, and never ca»f of will Ire dissolved. A s | we 1 ! might we attempt to'recompose the great’ j element of nature which hold together the planet, suns, and systems of the universe, as I hope to sever the links of mighty lakes ami rivers, of ever extending telegraphs, railroad, and canals, of free trade, of intercourse, of in terest, of love and affection, of the glories of | of the past, the present, and the future, which must forever bind together the American Union. Indeed, w hen we look Upon the Am erican revolution, the framing of our constitu tion, the addition of Louisiana, Florida, Texas, S and Oregon—our ever extending area, pro ducts, and population—ouf triumphs in war ; and peace—we must be blind to the past, and close onr eyes upon the fulfilling realities of j the future, if we cannot perceive and gratefully i acknow ledge that a higher than any earthly power still guards and directs our destiny, impels us onward, and lias selected our great and happy country as a model and ultimate centre of attraction fur all the nations of the 1 . world. 11. J. WALKER, Secretary of the Treasury. | lion. George M. Dallas, Vice President of the U. S. Sec. [Reported for the Baltimore THIRTIETH CONOR ESS.-Ist Session. Washington, Dec- 13th, 1847. SENATE. Messrs. Bell, Benton and Y r ulee, appeared in their seats to-day. Mr. Torney presented the credentials of Mr. Bell, which were read, and Mr. B. then took the oath of office. On motion of Mr. Sevier, it was resolved, that during the present session the military committee consist of seven members. On motion of Mr. Mangum, it w-as Resolved, that during the present session the Naval committee consist of seven members.- Mr. Bradbury presented rcslutions of thel.eg islature of Maine, in favor of a Rail Road from Lake Michigan to the Pacific Ocean. On Mr. Sevier’s motion,the Senate proceed , ed to the election of officers. Mr. Dickson was rc-electcd Secretary, re ceiving 40 out of 48 votes. Mr. Beale was re-elected Sergcant-at Arms, receiving 37 out of 40 votes. 1 Mr. Holland was re-elected Doorkeeper, re civing 49 out of ,50 votes. Mr. Sheer was re-elected Chaplain, receiv ing 31 out of 46 votes. On motion by Mr. Mangum, the following gentlemen were appointed chairmen of the standing committees: Foreign Relations, Mr. Devicr; Finance, Mr. Atherton; Commerce, Mr. Dix; Manufactures, Mr. Dickinson; Agriculture, Mr. Sturgeon; Military Affairs, Mr. Cass; Militia, Mr. Rusk; Naval Affairs, Mr. Fairfield; Public Lands, Mr. i Breeso; Private Land Claims, Mr. Yulee; In dian Affairs, Mr. Atchison; Claims, Mr. Mason; Revolutionary Claims, Mr. Bright; Judiciary, Mr. Ashley; Post-Office, Mr. Niles; Roads and Canals, Mr. Ilannegan; Pensions, Mr- Johnson, La; Dist. of Columbia, Mr. Cameron; Patents, Mr. Westcott; Retrenchment, Mr. Turney; Territories, Mr. Douglass; Public Buildings, Mr. Hunter; Contingent Expenses, Mr. Peich; Printing Mr. Bradley; Engrossed Bills, Mr. Downs; Library, Mr. Pearce; Enrolled Bills, Mr. Rusk. On motion by Mr. Mangum, the appoint ment of the remainder of the committees was deferred until to-morrow at 2 o’clock. The Vice President presented the annual re port of the Secretary of the Treasury, of which ( 20,000 extra copies were ordered to be printed; also, the report of the General Land Office. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. The Clerk read the journal of Thursday’s proceedings, and the names of the members compbsing the standing committees of the Hodsc; appointed by the Speaker, agreeably I to a resolution on the subject adopted on i Thursday. A message from the Senate was received, announcing the order of that body in relation j to the death of the late Senator Huntington, of Connecticut. Whereupon Mr. Rockwell, of Connecticut, i pronounced a manly tribute to the virtues, private and public, of the departed Senator, and offered the customary mourning rcsolii j tions. And then the House adjourned. tt uit 0 1 a, occircj i a . FRIDAY MORNING", JDBC If. 'To Subscribers in Arrears- As the year is about closing, and wc are about entering upon another, in many respects more interesting and important than many which w-ill have preceded it, w-c hope our sub scribers will commence it w ith us ka'en. Let old scores be settled up, and we shall endea vor to make our paper in the coming year fully worth their patronage. We desire to do as wc would be done _by. Let those we ad j dress adopt the same rule; and we shall be under no necessity of culling our subscription ! list. Otherwise many names must come off’. Remittances by mail are at our risk. the Northern mails due last cven i ing came to hand, and w ith them came our i New- Orleans papers 6f tile Ist inst. Where i they have been we are not as vet informed. BY OUR PONY EXPRESS. 24 HOURS IN ADVANCE OF THE MAIL. Prom the North - Onr Ponies came through last evening, bringing advices from Washington and New York to the 14th inst., two days in advance of the mail. In Senate. .. .Dec. 14. The members of the Standing Committees j were appointed. There arc no important | changes. i Mr. Brecse introduced a bill to reduce and j : graduate the price of the public lands. Mr. Dix introduced a bill concerning certain j collection Districts, and for the establishment i I of a Branch mint at the city of New York. Mr. Dickinson introduced a bill amendato ry of the act regulating seamen in merchant vessels. The several portions of the President’s Mes- i sage were then referred to appropriate com- | mittees. Mr, Dickinson presented resolutions, in j which was set forth, that in organizing terri- I . • . , ' tories, the principles of self-government would i be best promoted, the true meaning of the Constitution observed, and the' Confederacy i strengthened by leaving- ail questions of do- J mestic policy therein to the Legislatures cho- I sen by the people thereof; and that the rime policy is to strengthen the political and com mercial relations of this continent by the ad- | mission of such contiguous territory as may i conduce to that end, and be justly obtained, and that neither in such organization nor in , territorial organization, can any conditions be l j rhposed„ inconsistent with the powers and \ privileges of the original confederation. The resolutions lie over. Mr.-Cameron offered a resolution relative to s furnishing members with books, which was re ferred to the Commitfoc on the Library. The Senate then adjourned. House oe Representatives. Mr. Geddiugs made a personal explanation ; relative to an attack made on him in the Na tional Whig. Mr. C. J. Ingersoll, from the Select Com- j mittce on Rules reported, which w-as made the i ; order of the day for Thursday next. Mr. Henley offered joint resolutions provid- 1 ing for the repeal of that portion of the act of I the last session relating to the postage on newspapers. Laid over. The House then went into the election of a 1 Chaplain. The candidates were. Rev. Mr. I Cushman, Rev. Mr. Gurley, Rev. Mr. Dew- | ! vey, Rev. Mr. McFelton and Rev. Mr. Rees, i There were three ballots, and on the third Mr. | Gurley was elected, he receiving 102 votes, | Cushman 100 votes, j Several communications were received from the Treasury Department, which wore or- i dered to be printed. Also, communications : from the clerk relative to the contracts for sta tionery. The Senate bill for the relief of the heirs of John Raul Jones, was read twice and referred. Mr. Vinton introduced a resolution provid ing for the appointment of a standing Com mittee on Foreign Commerce and Commerce among the States. Mr. Houston moved an amendment, making it the duty of the Committee on Commerce be tween the States to consider all matters relat ing to appropriations for improvements of riv ers, harbors, lakes, bays and inlets, both on the seaboard and the interior. Pending the discussion, on the motion of Mr. Thompson of Mississippi, the House ad journed. NEW YORK, Dec. 14— v. m. Chancellor Kent died this morning. Money is easier—Cotton, Sugar and Molas ses are steady—Flour down, 6 to 12 cents— Freights improving—Exchange on London 10i prem.—Provisions firm —Lard drooping. From the West- The Western mail due on Thursday morn ing at 4 o’clock, did not come to hand until 12, in consequence of the snow and ice on the upper end of the road. We received by ponies the New Orleans Picayune of Sunday last, 24 hours in advance of the mail, from which we take the following items. From Tampico.—The schooner Charron, Capt. Golding, arrived yesterday from Tam pico, having sailed on the 30th ult. We have no letters or papers by this arrival, but Capt. Golding reports that the Indian popu lation in the neighborhood of Iluajutla had risen upon tho troops stationed there and the white inhabitants: that in the insurrection many had been killed and wounded, and that the Indians had been successful and had im prisoned a large number of their adversaries. This news reached Tampico on the 28th ult., and Col. Gatos, the Governor, immediately despatched to the scene of the disturbances two ! companies under command of Capt. West. | His command left on the 30th ult. Iluajutla, ! our readers may recollect, was the place where ■ many of the Eucarnacion prisoners were a long I while detained, and against which the ex- I pedition under Col. Do Russy marched. The Gen. Butler.—The X". S. steamer Gen. Butler was spoken by the brig Saidanha, Capt. Panting, on the 6th inst., as avc learn from Capt. J. P. Levy, of the shij) American, Avho arrived here on Friday night in the brig. She was then in hit. 25" 8’ N., lon. 88° 4-5’ W. Her boilers Avere burnt out, her engines broke down, and she had not sufficient sail on to j steer. There were horses on board, bc | longing to men. Worth and Capt. Churchill. ! -They Avere upon the point of killing one of | the horses for food when the Saldanha hove | ju sight and supplied them Avith provisions, j I he Gen. Butler had about one hundred pco- ; j pie on board. Capt. Besancon, of the Louisi- ! | ana Battalion, who was one of her passengers, ; : came on board the Saldanha and arrived here ! on her. The Gen. Butler may reasonably be expected now, and little further apprehension is felt on her account. Loss of the Bark Dunlap.—The bark Dun lap, Capt. D. Tew, ofßmgor, Maine, left Gal veston on the 2d iust. for this port. She sprung ! aleak on the 3d, and though every effort Avas ; made to keep her free by the pumps and by bailing, they were compelled to abandon her. The officers and oreAv Avere taken off at 3 o’clock, P. M., on the sth, by the brig Medford, Capt. Cook, in lat. 27° 13, lon. 65" 37. When Capt. Tew left the Dunlap, tho water was Avithin j two feet of her decks, and the crew had barely i time to escape on board the brig before ths bark sunk. The Medford brought Capt. TeAV ' and his creAv to the South West Pass, and ' placed them on board theschr. Gov. Anderson, i Capt. Trainer, which, arrived here yesterday. NEW ORLEANS; Dec, 11. P. M.—The Cotton i market opened on Monday without spirit and ■ prices gave way'Jc., at which 1 .200 bales changed hands. On Tuesday and Wednesday buyers took 8.500 bales at the above decline, hut on Thursday | the market recovered Jc. of tho decline and has continued firm since. 7'lie sales on Thursday were 2,000 bales, on Friday 4,000, and to-day 4,000, ma king the total for the week 20,000 hales. The pur chases have been principally for the North. France. Spain and the continent of Europe, but little bar ing been done for England. We give the follow ing quotations— Inferior 5| a 6: Ordinary a Middling G$ a i Gi|; Good middling a7; Middling fair 1\ a Fair I 7| a 8; Good fair B_j a B.L Good and fine 9 a 10.— ! Stock oa hand and unship board not cleared, 143,- I 706. . Sagar. —The unfavorable weather and a half holiday have confined the sales of the week to some 2.500 lihds. the demand, being chiefly for Fair and Prime, the common qualities being of slow sale.— We quote —Inferior a 3; Common a 3£y Fair 3J a4; Prime 4f a Choice 4J asl Molasses. —The demand has kept place Avith the arrivals and prices have fluctuated between 18 to i 20c., the market closing at 18 a 18:Jo. Coro. —-The arrivals are so limited that sales are naturally confined to small lots at 53 to 5Gc. for j Prime \Vhite to Yellow. Tho demand is also small. Whisky. —The sales have been small at | principally at 173 c. Raw 20c. ; Bacon.— The demand is very languid and only sm ill sales of Sides have made at Of (t een Meat 16 casks have been sold at the | Shoulders, 4c. the Sides, and 4Jc. the Hams. 1 Lard. —The arrivals have been large, but the l demand has been active, and all prime lots are j readily taken at aGgC. Soft Lard in barrels, of which the largest portion of the receipts consist, i have also found purchasers for the South of Eu rope at sjj a Go. Bagging and Bale Rope —The demand is confin- j ed to small lots of Bagging at 15 a 154 c. for Power Loom, and Mai for Hand Loom. Rope has been t firm r.t74aßc. Freights —Few new engage men's have bean made this week, vcs.*els already on the berth fill- s • ing up slowly. i Cotton to Liverpool 15-32a£d., to Havre 15-lGalc. ! to Boston $2 per bale. [ Editorial Correspon fence, | MILLED SEVILLE, Doc. 15, 1847. The Tower House has been for the last two days the scene of a very animated struggle and of much tine speaking. On Monday, tho special order was, the bill for the removal of i the seat of Government to Atlanta. A sub- j stitute was offered by Mr. Nisbet,of Bibb, pro ; viding for the removal to Macon, Avhere an 1 hundred thousand dollars should bo raised j and deposited in bank by that city to tho credit | of the State, for the purpose of building a ; State House in that city, and providing for the erection of all other buildings and the incur ring of all other expenditures incident to such removal. Mr. Harris ofl’aldwin, moved as an amend : raent, that the question of removal, and to j what place, should be referred to the people at the next election for members of Congress. These and A r arious other propositions and j amendments Avere placed before the House, and j elicited, during the lavo days, past a great deal ! of discussion. Mr. Harris of Baldwin, led off in j the debate and in opposition to the removal, in i a manly, sensible and avcll reasoned argument, j He defended the claims of Milledgeville on this question with force and clearness, and shoAved, in strong colours, the injustice of the step contemplated. Tho faith of the State, he contended, Avas pledged to make Milledgeville the permanent seat of government, as the act prescribing the removal so designated it, and lots had been purchased and the proceeds paid into the State Treasury in pursuance of that understanding. Many important interests had sprung up and been created under this act of legislation. It Avas unjust to destroy them. There Avas no overruling necessity calling for it. He held that the highest expediency in a ' State was to be just. No act could be expo- | dient, taking an enlarged aToav of the policy of j a State, which involved injustice. He illus- | trated his argument very happily by quoting 1 the reply of Aristides, surnamed the Just, to 1 whom was referred by the Arehoas of Athens, the proposition of crippling the rival State of Lacedemon, by seizing and destroying her ships Avhile lying in the port of Epirus. His reply Avas, “It might be advantageous to Athens, but it is not expedient, because it is unjust.” I will not recapitulate the various arguments, great and small, urged by him against the removal, and in opposition to those urged in favor ot that measure. He zealously defended the rights of his constituents, and excited in favor of Milledgeville much kind feeling and sympathy on the part of those whose feelings and interests were not directly enlisted in behalf of the claims of either of the other contending places. Mr. Nisbet appeared as the prominent champion of Macon and her claims. The bill he offered certainly did set forth A'cry strong rj, ; | inducements, liie proposition on the part of ■ Macon to build all the necessary buildings, free of expense to the State, was in itself a consid . erable item * Vith some, it was the conclusive argument. I rather admired and approved,, however, the spirit of a remark by one mem* ber, in the course of the discussion, that it would not be becoming in a great State like Georgia to accept such a bonus from a portion :of her people. If the interests of the State I called for a removal, let it be done in pursu ance thereof, and to the point which those interests demanded, and not to the point which ' could hold out the highest bid. I ° Mr. Xisbet made a handsome speech, and 1 expressed some very fine sentiments in a glow ing and rhetorical style. lie mot, with some j apparent success, the question of the faith of the State being pledged against the removal, by showing that Louisville was once designa ted also as the place for the permanent seat of j government. This, however, does not show | that two wrongs would make a right. The inaccessibility was dwelt upon, but it was not shown or attempted to be, that this, was a disqualification to Milledgeville perma nent in its nature, and destined never to bo removed. In fact, the argument of Mr. N., and of all others whom I heard speak, was di r -cted at the present expediency of removal— I the present inconveniences of the location of the seat of government, and no allowances were at all made for the prospects of futuro rail road improvements that are not beyond th» j range of probabilities—improvements, that it i completed, must bring Milledgeville within i # 0 the convenient reach of the great body of the | people of Georgia. | After Mr. NVs speech'and before taking any vote, the House took a recess till 3 o'clock. I did not attend the debate on Monday af j ternoon, but am told that several fine speeches i were made. Besides Messrs. Harris and Nis bet who again spoke, Messrs. Bartow and G’ar trell against the removal, and Mr. Seward for 1 if, were among the prominent speakers. All were handsome efforts—that of Mr. Bartow was particularly eloquent and impressive. It was very much admired, and has been the theme of unqualified praise. '1 hree or four times, in despite of the speak er’s efforts to keep order, the galleries burst forth in very cordial applause. It was slid to be the most pleasing speech of the session.— , All who know Bartow and the character of 1 his mind and tastes, can readily imagine that on sttch a theme he could bo very interesting. On Tuesday morning, Messrs. Kenan of Mur | ray, and Freeman of Franklin, were among the prominent speakers against the removal, j and Messrs. Jackson of Walton, and Moseley •of Henry in favor. I have not attempted to j give a history of the debate, nor have I men tioned the names of half the speakers. Fully a dozen participated during this two day dis ; cussion. Nor have I attempted to give an outline of the considerations urged on each side by the respective speakers. It is a sub i ject fraught with interest —suggestive of many reflections and associations, involving strong feelings of attachment, and enlisting important pecuniary interests. It is a subject for elo quence. The advantage of removal 6 Macon or to Atlanta, as the case might be, was im mense. The enhancing influence on the value of property would have been very great, while j the destruction to the value of property in anil around Milledgeville would also have been groat. Hence the struggle has been a fierce one; but it has terminated, I believe finally, jin favor of Milledgeville. Two years from now it is probable rail road enterprises enough will be in progress to make Milledgeville a» eligible as the seat of government —at least I so far as accessibility is concerned, as either* Macon or Atlanta. In other respectsher elaim* will be superior and controlling. I cannot doubt, therefore, but that this exciting ques tion is finally settled, and that Milledgeville will hereafter be relieved from the blight and the mildew which the constant agitation of this question of removal has shed upon her prosperity. I refer you to the report, which I herewith send, from the regular Reporter for the Constitutionalist for the votes taken on this question and the final result. G. From Mexico- The New Orleans Delta of the 11th inst. mentions the arrived of tho U. S. schr. Whig. Capt. Jones, from Vera Cruz bringing advices from Vera Cruz to 30th ult. Dates from the capital, to the 24th Nov., | had been received at Vera Cruz. Santa Anna, ' it was said, had issued another prontincioymenio against the provisional government, and called on the country to organize a force of 50,000 men to renew the war. He was at the head of a strong fores—by some reports 16,000 men, ot all arms —aad was threatening the Congress, ■ in session at Qusretaro, the majority of which was, it was said, strongly inclined to peace.— i So great were the fears entertained at the capital, of Santa Anna’s breaking up the Con- I gress o la Cromwell, that Gen. Scott had or | dered Gen. Worth, with a strong division, to Queretaro, to protect its deliberations. | Gen. Butler has commenced his march from ; Vera Cruz, with his division, having with i him 700 wagons and 29 pieces of artillery besides a large foree of soldiers. It was re» ported that the Mexicans were organizing | attack the posts on the llio Grande. Alabama The Hon. Dixon H. Lewis ha* been re* 1 elected Senator from Alabama. On the 17th ballot the name of Mr. King was withdrawn, and the vote stood on the 18th ballot, Lewis 82, Hopkins *6- Gan- Taylor- The N. O. Picayune, of 11th inst. says— “ A committee of the citizens of Natchez wait ed upon Gen. Taylor, at Baton Rouge, day before yesterday, with an invitation to visi their eity. Gen. Taylor, we learn, promise to do so on his return from his plantation-* just bolow Rodney —whither ho is now going to attend to some matters of private concen . He will probably be in Natchez durin o week,” _______ Remains of Col- Mclntosh. t The Savannah Hepublican of the l tin says—The brig Josephus, bearing the rema-