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THE CONSTITUTIONALIST. JAMES GARDNER. JK. TJSEItfS. aily, per annum 53 00 1 Tri-Weekly, per annum G 00 if paid in advance 5 00 Weekly, per annum 3 00 1 If paid in advance 2 50 To Clubs, remitting JlO in advamk, FIVE : COPIES arc sent. This will pat our Weekly pa- I per in the reach of new subscriber* at TWO DOLLARS A YEAR. who will pay up arrearages, and send four new subscribers, with the money, can get j the paper at $2 00. lO*All new subscriptions must be paid in ad vance. (tjT’l’ostasrc must be paid on all communications and letters of business. BY OUR POXY EX PRESS. 54 HOURS IN ADVANCE OF THE MAIL. NEW ORLE ) December, 13,1 o’clock, P. M. \ Late and Important from K£eEico. The schooner Portia, Capt. Wakeman, ar rived here on Saturday afternoon, having sail ed from Vera Cruz on the Ist hist. AVe are indebted to the courtesy of a gentleman who came passenger on her for a package of letters and papers. The steamer Maria Burt was to have left Vera Cruz the same day, and the bulk of the mail was placed on board of her ; but our faithful correspondent at Vera Cruz took the precaution of duplicating some of our letters by the Portia. The news by this arrival is very important, and tirst of all, the story about Santa Anna’s being at the head of 18,000 men, and threat ening and overawing Congress, and the des patch of Gen, Worth to Queretaro to protect Congress —all turns out to be mere moonshine; no more authentic than Gen. Scott’s famous entry into Mexico in the middle of July last. A gentleman thoroughly conversant with Mexican affairs, who came passenger on the Portia, assures us that from the best informa tion he could obtain he is satisfied that in place of being in command of eighteen thou sand men, Santa Anna has not eighteen hun dred, nor even a hundred and eighty follow ers. With this rumor fulls a good deal of very judicious composition upon the renewal of the glories of Napoleon, the return from Elba, &c., fee. Gen. Anaya was elected President of Mexi co on the 11th inst. lie has once before been Provisional President. His present term of office extends only to the Bth of Jan uary next. lie is known to be in favor of peace. In forming his cabinet he continued Mora y Villarail in the War department, and made Pena y Pena, late the President, his Secretary of State. The whole administra tion is in favor of an honorable peace, and one of its first acts was to despatch a commission, to the city of Mexico to re-open negotiations with Mr. Trist. The commissioners were Se nors Couto, Artistain and Cuevas and Gen. Kincon, the first two having been on the form er commission. Mr. Tlist's powers had been revoked prior to the arrival of the commission, and as Gen. Scott possessed no powers to treat j with them, it is presumed they were referred to our Government at Washington. The next most important intelligence by this arrival is the reported arrest of Gen. Worth, Gen. Pillow’ and Lieut. Col. Duncan by Gen. Scott. The verbal report is that let ters written by these gentlemen reflecting upon the commander-in-chief have fallen into his possession, upon which he at once arrested them. We have not yet received any letters from the city of Mexico later than the 24th of November. They make no mention of those arrests, but we have letters on the Maria Burt from the city of Mexico, which we presume will elucidate the whole matter. The following letter contains political news of interest and importance, though one sen tence is contused and we fear something is omitted. It appears altogether probable that the Mexican Congress has been dissolved by the withdrawal of the Puros, so that no quo rum can be obtained. Mexico, Nov. 24, 1847. A Senor Suliata,who some time since bn u ht forward a resolution to erect the city of Mexico into an independent State during the occupa tion by the American army, which proposition was rejected by the Congress with scorn, has again made himself the laughing stock of the nation, by another proposition no less than that the federal compact should be broken, the union destroyed and the cry be given to the States, “satire qui pent.” The proposition was received with indignation and rejected at once. The Governors of the States are still in ses sion at Queretaro, and have proposed two questions to the Government, to which they demand clear and peremptory replies : Ist. In what character they have been call ed together, and will the Government sub mit to their decision. 2d. Will the Government make known, with clearness and frankness, the programme of its policy with regard to peace or war. A correspondent of El Monitor says, that it was understood the Government had answer ed these questions by stating that they had been called together solely for the purpose of throwing light upon the subject, that the General Government would be able in some manner to surrender its powers, and that it was more inclined to open or continue nego tiations of peace than to prosecute the war. The British Charge d’Affairs had arrived at Queretaro and taken up liis temporary re sidence in that city. There is no news as yet as to the dissolu tion of Congress in consequence of the with drawal of the puros, but it appears to be uni versally believed that there is not a quorum left, and it is said that President Anaya has written to Gen. Rincon and several influential persons, requesting them to repair to Queretaro and confer with them as to what steps he should take in the present crisis. C. Here is an extract from another letter w-hich gives us an account of a sharp affair wituthe guerrillas, which is very creditable to our arms: Mexico, Nov. 19, 1847. On the Bth inst. thirty-wagons belonging to merchants in this city and Puebla, left the lat ter plaoo with a lot of tobacco, dry goods and brandy, destined for this city. On reaching San Martin, Gens. Rea and Terrejon, in com mand of the guerrilla forces there, made a descent upon the w r agons, captured them and started off for Queretaro, via Tiascala. In formation was conveyed to Gen. Lane at Puebla, who started after them with a force of infantry and the cavalry command of Capt. Roberts. When they reached Tiascala they found the enemy there, and Capt. R. who had been sent to the rear of the town, seeing a movement to run off the train, charged upon the guerrillas, completely routing them, kill ing seventeen and taking thirteen officers pri soners. In tfle mean time a portion of the wagons which had been taken a mile from the tow”n by a party of the enemy, were set on fire and destroyed, before the infantry came up, wflo rescued the remainder.. X think this will he £. lesson to the guerrillas, and teach thorn that the Americans are determined to protect the mercantile interests of this country, no matter to what nation the merchants may be- f long. ; ( Santa Anna has assumed the command of • the army in Oajaca. He says that he was de- • i prived of the command by Pena y Pena, in or- 1 der that the latter might find no obstacle in 1 making peace with, the Americans. He avows his determination to oppose any negotiation ! for peace with the American forces occupying any portion of the Mexican territory. Mora y Villamil has been nominated Secre- 1 tary of War. Tornol left Queretaro on the : 14th for Morelia to take up his quarters there ! j as general. f Yesterday a now paper called the Yankee i ■ Doodle, made its appearance. Yours, &c. C. Percy M. Doyle, Esq,, the new British Min | istcr or Charge, arrived at Vera Cruz in the i steamer Vixen on the 30th ult. The Arco Irris furnishes the following or- \ I ders touching the military contributions which ; Mexico is to be called upon to make; General Orders—No- 358- llea.uuuau.tkks o. the Army, ) Mexico, November 25, 1847. ) Under instructions from the Government at home, requiring that this array shall, as soon | as practicable, begin to raise within the coun try it occupies, the means in whole or groat part of maintaining the expenses of the occu pation until the Federal Government of Mexi co shall submit terms of peace which the United States may honorably accept, it is or dered that no uncoined bullion, bars or ingots, either gold or silver,shall be shipped from any port of Mexico, until the further orders of the Government at home shall be made known on the subject, so as to give time for said Govern- j meat to fix the rate of export duty on such bullion, and perhaps a smaller duty on gold 1 and silver coins. As the beginning of the change of system { intimated .above, all the rents for houses or , quarters occupied by officers or troops of the army, in any city or village in Mexico, will cease as soon as contracts may permit, and ab solutely, from and after the end of this month, wherever this order shall be received in time, and in future, necessary quarters, both for offi cers and troops, where the public buildings are insufficient, will first be demanded, as required, ! of the civil authorities of the several places occupied by the troops, so as to equalize the j inconvenience imposed upon the inhabitants and diminish the same as much as possible. If the authorities fail to put the troops promptly in possession of such quarters, then | the commanding officer, in every such case, tbl- : lowing out the same principle of giving the | least distress practicable to the unoffending in- | habitants, will cause the necessary buildings to I be occupied. Suosistancc, forage and other necessaries, for : the array, will be purchased and paid for as i herefore ; and the injunctions and penalties of the martial law order, dated February 19, 1847, , originally published at Tampico, and repub- ( lished several times since, with additions, will i as from the first, be strictly enforced, as also, i in general, all obligations of good morals and I the most exact discipline. By command of Maj. Gen. Scott. H. L. SCOTT, A. A. A. G. Yet Later- The steam ship Virginia, Capt. Tucker, has ■ just arrived from Vera Gruz, having left the 7th inst. She brings over eighty discharged and rick soldiers. There was a report in Vera Cruz on the 7th inst., that the Maria Burt had been driven { ashore twenty miles north of Vera Cruz. The j Free American published it as a fact. Our c nrcspondent writes during the day, that the report had been discovered to be false. The steamer A. R. Hetzell was despatched up the coast to look after the wreck, but after a dili gent and thorough search found no trace of her. It was henee presumed at Vera Cruz that she had gone on her course to this city. As she has not arrived here, and as the Norther which commenced on the 2d inst. was absolutely ter rific, very great fears are entertained for the ( safety of the boat. From the Free American of the 2d inst., we extract the following: From Jalapa. —Letters received yesterday from Jalapa, dated November 28, says that two teamsters were executed on the 23d, for the murder of a young Mexican. On the 24th, Arabrosio Alcalde, a lieutenant in the lith Regiment, M. A., and Antonio Garcia, adjutant in the Bth Regiment, M. A., were both shot in the plaza at Jalapa. They j were taken prisoners on the 20th, with Col. Rebolledo, and it was proved that they had given their parole at the capitulation of Vera Cruz not to take up arms against the United States. llobolledo and Covarrubias w r ere sent to Pe rote on the 24th. The first has also been under , narole; but he says he has been exchanged, | which lie will have to prove. Gen. Pc?ray Barragan has been appointed military commander of the State of Vera Cruz. ! This nomination’created great dissatisfaction j among the Mexicans in JkJaoa. The train under command of iron. Patterson, j left Jalapa on the 25th-ult. Six hundred men ; were left by h : m to garrison that place. The ayuntamiento were made to recognise the com- J inauder of these forces, governor, civil and i military. The Train. —The large train under the com- ! mand of Gen. Butler, has nearly all left. The j number of men accompanying it is estimated i at 800. Gen. Scott will soon have from 25, 000 to 30,000 men. A private letter dated the 7th inst. informs us that six American soldiers arrived that day from Cordova, where they had been confined as prison rs. They had been captured on the road to Mexico from different trains. They wore released by Gen. Marin, who was on his w T av to Vera Cruz to establish himself in busi ness. He has abandoned the Mexican army and is desirous of earning an honest livelihood it is said. The Arco Iris says that Padre Jarauta is about to return to operate in the neighborhood of Vera Cruz, and that his hand has been re inforced with three hundred men from the inte rior, who are at the expense of the Marquis del Jarnal. The following items are from the Free Ame rican of the 4tli inst. The Next Train. —The train under the com mand of Gen. Marshall is on the eve of march i ing into the interior. The general will com : mand about 1780 men, rank and file, and will ' consist of one regiment of Tennessee Volun ! teers, foot, 800 men; a battalion of infantry, ! volunteers and regulars, under Maj. W. W. Morris, 4th Artillery, of about 500 men; a bat talion of Georgia Mounted Volunteers, under j Lieut. Col. Calhoun, 480 men. AVe regret to have to announce the death of Lieut. Malahouski.late of the New'York Volun teers. He died of the vomito. Ilis remains were accompanied to the grave last evening by a detachment of the Louisiana Volunteers, and by a good many officers and friends. The Peruvian, a schooner, was blown ashore on the Ist inst., near Vera Cruz. The Arco Iris of the 2d inst., says the Mex ican Commissioners retired at once to Quare taro upon learning that Mr. Trist had no pow i cr to treat. The follow ing items are from the Arco Iris of the 3d inst. By last accounts, Gen. Filizola was at Quar- j etaio with a force of 2000 men. The general- I in-Chief Bustamente, had yet his head-quar ters at Guanajuato with an army of 9000. Many members of the Congress, displeased with the election of the new president, gave i •' ' up their seats, and retired in disgust from the f city of Quaretaro. However, there remained yet more than the fixed number, which is re quired to form o.qnortrm. i The following is from the Free American of < the 24th ult. { Orazaba.—A gentleman who arrived here i yesterday |HjuSOrazaba, which place he left on the furnished us with the following intelligence. A pronuncimeuto having been made by the military in Quaretaro in favor of Santa Anna, he engaged sixty men, and paid them in ad vance, to accompany him from Tehuacan to that city; but as soon as they had received the 1 sum asked for, they deserted that general. He then ordered the commander of the j forces in the State of Vera Cruz, Gen. Maria, to send him an escort, which the latter reluct antly granted; but immediately after sent his resignation to the government at Queretaro. Gen. Santa Anna was to leave Tehuacan on the 22d fur Queretaro. We therefore may ex pect soon to hear the news of the overthrow of the Government of Mexico. Our informant says that the people in Oriza ba and Cordova were anxiously awaiting the arrival of the American-, who were reported to be on their march from Jalapa to those j places to free them from the yoke of guerrilla banditties, who threaten their property and j lives. In a Vera Cruz paper of the 26th, we find the following: From t:ie Interior. —On the 9th instant, 1 Gen. Scott intimated to the editor of a paper j (El Judio Errante) that if he continued the publication of articles calculated to create dis turbances, he would stop the publication of his paper and cause the printing materials to be sold for the benefit of the poor. A Mexican was tried by a military commis sion for shooting with the intention of killing another person, and was condemned to be flogged in the plaza. The Monitor llepublicano having made some offensive remarks as to this mode of punish ment, and having published a false report as to the nature of the olfencc, the Governor ad dressed a note to him, in which he threatens to have him tried before the same commission, ■ and orders him to publish the true circum- i stances of the case. The Guerrillas Again.—Yesterday four | men belonging to Capt. Connolly’s company j of Louisiana Volunteers,left the encampment j at San Juan, and when a few miles from the j camp were attacked by about forty Mexicans. Two of the party were killed, and the other two, although wounded, succeeded in making their escape, and reached San Juan last eve ning. A detachment was immediately sent in pursuit of the Mexicans, and if they are en countered they will pay dearly for that exploit. N. B.—Since writing the above we have un derstood that a detachment of mounted men, who accompanied some market men, fell in with a party of guemUctos , who were posted on the passage of the latter to rob them. An engagement took place, in which two of the robbers were killed and ten taken prisoners. We have only time to add the Inaugural of President Anaya, translated by the Arco Iris : Inaugural Address of President Anaya- After being siconl as Piesident ad interim of the Re public of Mexico. Sres. Deputies —l come to fulfil your wishes, taking in charge the Supreme Executive pow er of the Union, for the short space of time that will elapse until the next constitutional period arrives. If the days be few, the diffi culties present themselves numerous and ap paling. The great misfortune of our land, is the sentiment that exclusively occupies the minds of all who know the meaning of the ! sacred word country. In such circumstances, without the power- | ful concurrence of the nation, no Government can undertake its defence. It belongs alone ; to the Executive power to unite all efforts, di rect them according to the national will; and j remove all obstacles, that desconfidcace has hitherto thrown in the v ay. With the decision of a.i ancient servant of the country, I have sworn not to omit a single j effort; nor t » spare the most costly Fieri See Gn ' endeavoring to prove myself worthy of thocon fidcnce reposed in me by the National rcpre-en -11 ion. T) doubt of the co-operation of vhe ' Mexican people would be to doubt of that Valor and those high virtues which c uauciuated the country, which although disheartened and lead astray by twenty-five years of dissensions, are j producing even yet so many and such sublime sacrifices. I declare that in the fulfillment of my oath ; just taken “of respecting and causing to be respected the fundamental institutions,” I will j act in accordance both with rtiv duty and ray profound convictions. The federal system is the only one calculated to save a people in a j situation on so dangerous as ours. To seek now a remedy in new systems,or in new revolutions, would be to give up the republic without de- ' fence and without remorse to the enemy who ! tore down our national flag from the palace where the victorious Iturbidc planted it with his own hands. TheGovarnmeut relies upon the co-operation of the States, their good sense, and tried love of liberty and order. It will keep in harmonv with them, lor their efforts (the heroic capital oi' the llcpublic being lost) are those that now must sav'P us. i i , . In a situation rfiich as ours, individual priva tions are inevitable; the Government far from increasing, will endeavor to lessen them as much as lays in its power. The security of persons and property will be sacred, taxes will be exacted proportionally,and the amount thereof distributed with honesty and economy. It is the duty of Congress, who also knows our necessities, to promulgate such wise laws as the country requires, and to diffuse life and encouragement throughout the republic. I will be the first to comply with them, striving above all to unite all the private efforts in the grand object, the salvation of our independence. For me, all our domestic broils, foolish enmi ties and dissensions, will be henceforth second ary matters of consideration. My administra tion will not prosecute any class or party. I call upon all without distinction, to assemble around the standard of their country. Without being deluded as to our situation, on the contrary fully aware and overwhelmed - with its difficulties, and ready to face new f misfortunes, if such be our destiny : I have ; come to this place, with the firm resolution never to seal the dishonor of my native land. God alone can look into the future, as to pub lic many it suffices that they know their duty and fulfil it. The nation is aware that I never deceived her, that my oaths are always loyal : and that my blood, my life, and reputation belong to her. Called in her name, I have come “to occupy of all situations that most contrary to my inclinations. May God bless and cause to be fulfilled the ardent desires of , the man who has not and is incapable of en tertaining any other idea than that of the lib erty and honor of his unfortunate country. Arrival of the Gen. Butler.—All appre hensions for the safety of this steamer and those onboard, are now removed by the arri val of the vessel last evening, after a terrible j passage. Among the passengers on board are the following officers: Capt. Churchill, Yolti- i genus; Lieut. Blakely do,; Capt. Hill and Lt. | Lewis, Pennsylvania Volunteers; Capt. Mil ler, 3d Artillery; Lieut. Griffin, New York Volunteers, and Lieut. Lcsseat, South Caro lina Volunteers. Captain Wright may con- j gratulate himself upon getting his vessels safe ly into port. , Destructive Tornado. —We learn that a very destructive tornado passed through Per ry, Tuscaloosa and Greene counties in this state, last Friday, destroying an immense deal of property. The town of Newbern in Greene county, was entirely demolished. In its track the tornado swept down houses, trees and everything. We learn also that the sheriff of Perry, (Mr. Stokes, we think) was killed. We have heard of no other life lost, although doubtless, this is not the only one. — Mobile Herald, 14/A insl% Money Matters,— Affairs have a more cheer ful countenance since the arrival of the steam er, though there was no very deep gloom be fore. The banks have discounted most of their receipts, and although money was spoken of as very close on Saturday, yet the strict rate for money was only one to one and a quarter per month. Specie continues to be shipped, hut on a moderate scale. By the steamer from Boston of 16th instant, £15,000 from the Cana da and $25,000 from New York, will be about all. The amount by sail from the packets of the first to the middle of the month, will be about £45,000, making about $400,000 in all. The amount taken from New York has been more than supplied by the receipts, so that the agregate in the banks a~d sub-treasury is still eight millions, and rather more than less than two week ago. The coin is now chiefly American gold. The government have been very industrious in coining all the British gold which fell into their hands, by which its value for use at this moment has been reduced about one per cent. Such expense, to make things worse, is however in necessary keeping with the whole sub-treasury policy. Sterling bills began to move on Friday and Saturday, and at quite full rates, say 10 a prem. There are more shipments making to Eng land, and some houses connected on the other side have resumed the old facilities, so that advancements in cash may now be obtained on shipments, though not with the facility with which they were dealt out a few months ago. The universal opinion is, that the old easy mode of doing business will be more recovered as the news reaches us from England, and that the shipments of produce will, by the first of January, furnish bills for all the remittances which it will be necessary to make, and that bills by that time will be the only form of re mittance. In the meantime some further small amounts of specie will probably go off, not enough probably* to lessen the amount of coin no where.—A. Y. Journal of Commerce, 13 th iast. The Storm The weather for several days past has been very uncomfortable, having rained with very little intermission, from Sunday until Tuesday night, when the wind which had been blow ing from the cast, changed to the north west* and in a very short time the mercury was be low the freezing point. Yesterday about ten o’clock the clouds thickened and it commen ced snowing in good earnest, and when we put our paper to press, about 7 o’clock, the storm was still raging with every prospect of its con tinuing for the night. —Cherokee Advertiser, 1 Hth inst. I'T'Tiii «r.an Augusta,' (Georgia. SATURDAY MORNING, DEC. 18. No mail received last evening from offi ces north of Charleston. 1 Gen. Shields met wi„h a warm recep tion in Columbia. Committees were appoint- I cd by both branches of the legislature, to | wait on fviffi—the - military were out—and the i town illuminated in the evening. On the 16th inst. he was presented in due form to both branches of the Legislature, to each of which in reply t o complimentary addresses from five presiding officers, he made most eloquent and ; appro] rialc replies. A Defence ofKcgro Slavery. We have been presented by the author, Matthew Estes, of Coliimbirs, Miss.y with a copy of this work. Vo have not had leisure |to peruse its contents, but have seen it highly : spoken of by fho Southern press. Mr. E. is i now in this citv, from Charleston, where he has disposed of a large number of copies, and we hope he will meet with success in the sale of his work. The Mobile Herald, in speaking of this work, remarks—“ The book is the most elaborate treatise we have on the subject, and is filled with information in relation to the i negro, which is exceedingly interesting and important to all who live in the South. It is | written, too, in a calm, philosophic spirit, that commends it to the attention of the public.” New Books Mr. Millen, of the Literary Depot, has placed on our tabic the following new works, to which we would invite the attention of readers : The Heads of the Headless, by Frederick Soulie. The Convict or the Hypocrite Unmasked* a 1 tale by O. P. R. James, Esq. The Union Magazine of Literature and Ait, edited by Mrs. C. M. Kirkland,, for January, 1848. This is one of the neatest publications of the day. Independent of a number of beau tiful embellishments, its contents in reading matter is good, and from the pens of some of the best authors in the country. The “Thriv ing Family, song, by Mrs. L. H. Sigour ney, is a beautiful production, and had we the space, would be given in this day’s paper. The New York Globe, in speaking of this Magazine, says — “There are no less than twelve magnificent embellishments in the January number of “The Union,” now lying upon our table. Two of these are mezzotints of unequalled merit — j one by Doney, representing Lieut. Schuyler Hamilton’s heroic action at the dell of Yobla — the other, by Sadd, being a humorous fancy piece, entitled “Bit;” both from designs by Matteson. Then comes a bold line engraving, entitled “Homeless,” by Osborne —then a su perbly colored fashion plate —then eight su perior wood cuts, which give great vitality to the work, and illustrate the contributed pa pers. These latter are mostly of great excel lence, We especially like the “Bewildered | Savage,” by Mrs. Child —a richly imaginative i story ; a spirited song, called the “Thriving i Family,” by Mrs. Sigourney; a vigorous poem, bv Mrs. Osgood, called “De Warrenne before lying Edward;” “Borne’s Letters,” by Bryant; and a long poem by Edith May,entitled “Count Julio,” and introduced by a prefatory letter from Willis. The editor announces the inten tion of continuing the series of sac-similes of foreign type commenced in the last two num bers, w hich contained, it will be remembered, a : Chinese and a Persian ode in the original char acter. There are two pages of original music, as usual —and altogether, the number is the best ever issued by any American magazine.” Through Tickets from Charleston- The Charleston Mercury says —We under stand that the companies interested hare fixed I | upon the following fate of fares from Charles i ton to the respective places named : To Vicksburg,Miss; $35 00 To Eutaw, Ala. $29 00 Jackson “ 33 00 Tuscaloosa, “ 28 00 Brandon “ 33 00 Montgomery, “ 26 50 Livingston “ 29 50 Tuscunihia “ 22 00 Holly Springs *• 28 00 Decatur “ 22 00 Aberdeen “ 28 00 Huntsville “ 22 00 Columbus “ 28 00 Memphis, Tenn. 28 00 Gainesville, Ala. 29 50 Nashville “ 22 60 | The Charleston Courier of 17thinst. says— j i “The weather has been quite cold for two j or three days past. Yesterday morning our | Thermometer stood at 34 degrees, and early risers inform us that a slight full of snow took place about day-ligbt. [ Editorial Correspondence .] Milledgeville, Dec. 15. j In my letter of this date, I stated that the I House of Representatives adjourned yester- i day evening without taking a vote on the re- ; ! solution of censure ou Gov. Crawford in re- j ference to his appointments of Colonel Cal- | houn and Seymour. On this point I was I misinformed. The House did take a vote on ! the resolution, and it was lost by a large ma jority —about two to one. That the circum stances justified the course of Gov. Crawford in following out the recommendation of the j Secretary of War in reference to at least one of these appointments, and that there was no law providing for the election of these offi cers or their appointment in any other way, I think was made apparent, and was so admit ted by many candid men —the political oppo nents of Gov. C. The usage of the volun- j teers electing their own officers could not, in the present instance, be carried out; and it was hut a usage, not a legal regulation—either un der the army regulations, or the militia laws ! of our State. The latter contemplated no such case. It is a casus omissus. You will perceive by the action of the House to-day, that a General Corporation bill for manufacturing companies, has passed by a large majority. The Senate had the same cr a similar bill under discussion to-day. It will pass that body, and the question may now be considered happily settled. When this policy ' becomes established in our State, and it is i . known to be settled law, the business ot man ufacturing will extend rapidly in our State. Many sections are possessed of unrivalled wa ter power, and much of i.t will be called into eaily requisition. Even in the far off moun tains, and among the picturesque valleys of the Cherokee region, where her pure streams meander or tumble in roaring cataracts, the hum of machinery’ will be heard, and a busy and thriving population will people its queit places. A great deal of capital will now find employment here, instead of being drained off to other States for investment, or kept locked up here in unprotitable pursuits. Capital will flow here from other States and countries, to be employed in a business which can be pur sued here in our midst to such great advan i tage. It will be a great thing for Augusta. Under the fostering influence of this law, she I will surely become a large and flourishing manufacturing city. So mote it be. The Legislature has resolved ou an adjourn ment on Friday week, 44th inst. It is much I doubted, however, whether it will or cun car ry out this resolution. If it does, it must i * i leave a vast amount of important business un finished. G. [ (Jorrespotulence oj' the Gonslitutionafisf GSORGrI A LEGI3L VTURfI. 1\ HOUSE OF IIEPJIESENTATIVES. Wednesday, Dee. 15. Mr. Gauldcri raoVed to reconsider so much of the journal of yesterday as relates to the rejection of the bill 'Tot the removal of the 1 Seat of Government, a'lid to provide means fur the same.” Yeas 42, nays 70. Motion lost. Mr. Bartow introduced a bill to authorize ! the NashviHe and Chattanooga Rail Road Company, incorporated by the Legislature of Tenn’essee, to construct a Rail Road through a part of Dade County, to secure to said com i pany Certain rights and privileges, and for other purposes. Mr. Lewis introduced a bill to suspend the Malitia Laws of this State, and to provide for the encouragement of Volunteer Companies. ■ Mr. Dhillips introduced a bill to amend an ! act incorporating the town of Gainesville, Hall | county. Hiram Roberts was elected by joint ballot a Director on the part of the State for the State Bunk of Georgia. BILLS PASSED. To authorize all fice white citizens of this State to prosecute the business of raanufac- j turing with corporate powers. Yeas 84, nays 33. Mr. Wimbish introduced a bill to incorpo- i rate Greenville Lodge No. 57, of free and ac cepted Masons. On motion, the bill to commute the sentence of death passed upon William L. Williams, in the Superior Court of Richmond county, was made the special order for to-morrow. The bill to compel non-residents of the county of Randolph, owning and holding plan tatations and negroes in the county of Ran dolph, to give in and pay tax for the same in said county. Yeas 67, nays 50. On motion of Mr. Harris of Baldwin, the House took up the report on the bill to change the time of holding the Supremo Court of the State of Georgia. Mr. Smith of Cass, moved to strike out “Marietta” and insert “Cassville,” yeas 19, nays 72. Mr. Baugh moved to strike out all after the enacting clause; yeas 34, nays 72. On the passage of the bill, yeas 43, nays 67. IN SENATE. Tuesday, Dec. 14,1847. The Committee appointed to invite the Hon. James Whitesides, of Tennessee,to take a seat on the floor of the Senate, introduced that gentleman to the Senate, who made his ac • knowledgments for the honor done him, and, took his seat among the members- Mr. Marks laid upon the table a resolution, authorizing the Governor to transmit certain, s publications of this State, to the Governors of other States- BILLS PASSED. To fix the time of holding the Superior I Court in the county of Floyd, to require the Judge to hold the same for two weeks if ne cessary, and to draw two pannels of Grand and Pct.t Jurors for said county; and also, to an thonze the Justices of the Inferior Court of said county to draw jurors as thereafter pre scribed. L To authorize parties to compel discoveries at common law. To authorize the Governor to appoint a State j Librarian and to fix the salary for the same also, to compensate the Clerk of the Supreme | Court for his services as Librarian heretofore rendered. Mr. Hallo way introduced a bill, to revise and make of force an act to incorporate the Thomaston and Barnesville Rail Road Com pany. IN SENATE. Wednesday, Dec. 15, 1847. The resolution introduced by Mr. William son, in relation to the adjournment of the Le gislature wms taken up. Mr. Williamson moved to amend by strik ing out “the 18th inst.” and inserting in lieu thereof, the 24th inst., which was agreed to. Mr. Terrell, from the Committee on Internal : Improvements, to whom was referred the mes sage of his Excellency the Governor, in rela tion to the connection of Rail Roads of this State with those of Tennessee, reported the following bill; To authorize the Nashville and Chattanoo ga Rail Road Company, incorporated by the State of Tennessee, to construct a Rail Road through the county of Dude, to secure to said Com- any certain rights and privileges, and ; for other purposes. The resolution of Mr. Marks in relation to transmitting certain books from this to other i States of the Union, was taken up, slightly amended and passed. The Senate took up the bill for the protec tion and preservation of the rights and pro perty of married women, and after some time | spent in consideration thereof, it was passed. Yeas—Messrs. Barclay, Boynton, Clayton, Darden, Duncan, Forman, Fort, Holloway, Hunt, Irwin, B. D. Johnson, W. J. Johnson, Lawton, McArthur, Marks, Montgomery, Sim mons, Smith, Snider, Terrell, Wiggins, Wil ; liamson —22. Nays—Messrs. Camp, Chastain, Cochran, i Coffee, Collins, Dttriagari, Farris, Glenn, Hen derson, Hilliard, Hunter, Little, Maxwell, Moore, Haiford, Roes, Stapleton, Stewart, Wales, Watters, Willingham —21. Central Rail Road. The annual Convention of the Stockhold ers of the Central Rail Road & Banking Com pany of Georgia, was held yesterday at the Exchange. Dr. Burroughs, Mayor of the.city, presided. Robert 11. Griffin, Esq. acted as Secretary. The Reports of the President and the En gineer of the Company were submitted and read. It was then decided by the Convention to admit the holders of eight per cent stock to the privilege of voting, a large majority vot ing in favor of granting them the privilege. It was subsequently resolved to authorize a conditional subscription of $250,000 to the stock of the Southwestern: Rail Road Compa ny in lieu of the conditional subscription to the extended road which has heretofore been contemplated. Another resolution was passed authorizing an application to the Legislature so to amend the charter as to allow the Mayor and Aider men of Savannah to be represented at the Board by a Director of their own selection. — Savannah Georgian, 1 6th ins 1 . [F rom the New Orleans Fella.] A Mothers Prayer- Sparc him, oh! spare him to me, gracious God, A widowed mother cried, in accents wild ; Behold. I bend beneath thy chastening rod, But if it be Thy will, oh ! spare my child ! j Humbly, with upraised hands and streaming eyes, j 1 ask of Thee the life of my sweet boy ; i My reason w ill desert me if he dies— Rest ot ray heart's last tie, ray only joy. lie's all that's left to speak to me of him. Who sleeps the sleep that no awakening knows— Whose glorious voice is hushed, whose eye is dim, Lock'd in the rigid calm of death’s repose ; Whose loving lips may never press me more— Whose arms no longer may around me twine— His s"*ul hath flown to that far-distant shore. Left my fond arms and sought a home in Thine. Oh I image of thy father, how I gaze On thee, sole relic of that father’s lore— And o’er me sweep the dreams of other da) s, his image back who dwells above. Methinks I see his happy face, as when I laid thee, my first gift, within his arms— He Mess'd and kiss'd me o’er and o’er again. While gazing on thy budding baby charms.* Then spare this blossom to me, Lord—bat this, To fling a ray of comfort o’er my life— ’Twill be a source of happiness, of bliss. Still to be mother, though no longer wife. i His father smiles on me through his young face— His father’s tones I hear in his sweet voice— In every little lineament I trace Some bright remembrance of my heart’s dear choice. Here are his jetty curls, his open brow, i His eye of fire, and his lip of love —* Alas! where are those glorious beauties now 1 Where my sole hope is, Lord, with Thee above. Who can I pray to, Lord, if not to Thee ? Who, Lord, will hear me. if it be not 1 hou 1 Oh ! take bat pity on my misery, And pass this cup of anguish from me now. And thou, dead father of my dying child, My memory’s love and hope of future life. Look down from heaven upon my grief so wild, And pray to God to hear thy wretched wife ; Raise up thy voice in praise to Him, who hears The wail of sorrow and the voice of grief— To him who dryeth up the widow's tears— To him who only can extend relief. LELLA. Special Notices. f NOTICE. The Installation of Rev. E P. ROGERS, as Pastor of the first Presbyterian Church, in this city, will take place To-Morrow Morning, at £ past 10 o’clock. The Sermon will be preached by Rev. John W. Baker, cf Milledgeville, and the other service will be conducted by the Rev. Messrs. Bowman and Ggulding. Dec. 13 SECOND LECTURE to YOUNG MEN. The Second Lecture in the Course to YOUNG MEN, on “ The claims of the Bible” will be de livered in the Presbyterian Lecture Room, To- Morrow Evehikg, at 7o’clock. h* Bible a system of Religious Truth; better adapt ! ed to the wants of man than the various system* of Heathen Philosophy." The public are mjite to attend. —• cc ‘ * * [U We are authorized to announce James McLaws, Esq. as a candidate for r «-« leC ' tion to the office of Clerk of the Superior and In rior Courts of Richmond County, at the cnsmng election in January next.