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THE CONSTITUTIONALIST. 1 JAMES GARDNER, JR. * I TERMS. Duly, per annnra 58 00 Tri-Weekly, per **aum 6 00 If paid in advance.... 5 00 Weekly, per anurm 3 00 If paid in advance .2 50 1 To Clnh*, remitting ,?10 in advance, FIVE COPIES are sent. This will put our Weekly pa per in the rvachof new subscribers at TWO DOLLARS A YEAR. (TT’Subscribcr* w ho will pay up arrearages, and ■end four new subscribers, with the money, can get Cke paper at J? 2 00. ILF All new subscriptions mnst be paid in ad vance. BUT*Postage must he paid on ail communications and letters of business. BT OUR PONY EXPRESS. 24 HOURS IN ADVANCE OF THE MAIL. [From the N. O. Picaytme, Isi tnrf.] In looking through several extracts from Bouth American papers copied into Havana journals, we see that the presence of General Flore* so near the South American Republics is causing great uneasiness. From Kingston they say he will be able to hold frequent and close communication with Ecuador, and al- j though New Granada will not allow him to cross the Isthmus, still his proximity is derm al suspicious, and it is feared will lead to dis turbances in Ecuador. A Large Tow.—The tow-bent Hercules, Capt. Brown,brought up yesterday, four ships from the bar to the city, combining the largest number of tons ever brought up by any tow- , boat, particularly at this stage of water; and, considering the quantity of drift that is float ing in the river, proves that the 11. is a power- j ful boat. The names of the ships are as fol lows : British ship Viceroy, tons burthen 1100 ; British ship Alice Wilson, tons burthen 1025 American ship John G. Coster, tons burthen.. 71 1- British ship Charlotte, tons burthen 650 Total 3.484 I Coxdkmned to be Hung.—Two slaves — Jim, belonging to Mr. Harvey and wife, and Dick, belonging to Mr. Destrahan, of the pa rish of Jefferson—were tried on Thursday last for the murder ot Gabriel, a slave, also belonging to Mr. Destrahan, on Chri tmas night. The evidence against Jim was conclu sive, but Dick was not so clearly connected with the murder, although sufficient evidence was produced to show his participation in it. Jim was condemned to be hung, and Dick , sentenced to receive one hundred lashes, to ! be imprisoned eight days, and wear irons in the service of his master for one year. For the prosecution, F. Perm, District At- ; torney; for tke prisoners, T. W. Collins, who defended them in an able and zealous manner. NEW ORLEANS. Dec 31, P. M Cotton. — The demand has been steady and the sales reach 5000 bales at previous rates, say 6j} a 7c. for Mid dling to Good .Middling. &ujrjr. —There has been a fair demand and 500 hh l». have changed hands at the range of 3£ a 3gc. for Fair. Mositssts.— Sales of 1000 bbls. at 17,]c. Flout. —The market ha* been very quiet and we only heard of the sale of 105 bbls. Choice 11 linois at $5 75. Corn. —Some 3000 sacks have been sold in lots at Ivs to 60c. tor White to Yellow. Lar*f.—2oo kegs and 125 bbls. Prime were sold •I 7ic. Mriistry. —The market has been quiet and Rec t fi»d has been ofiered at without finding a purchaser. —Cotton has been shipped to Liverpool at 7 iGd. ami 15-32 d There are now in our port 120 ships 43 barks. 55 brigs and 46 schooners.— ♦ W these. 80 ship* ami 31 barks are disengaged, no taxing into.consideration the brigs and schoon ers. [From/ die New York Globe.\ Thomas Corwin pronounced a Traitor to his Country by the Senate of Ohio. Mr. Reemelin, a member of the Senate of the State of Ohio, offered the following petition, signed by 81 citizens of Richland county, in that State, composed of citizens belonging to both parties. The petition asks- the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, to invite Thom as Corwin to resign his seat in the U. States, and that he be confined in the State Peniten tiary until the war is closed. To rax Honor *bee General Assembly to the State oe Ohio. Your petitioners would respectfully repre sent,that being engaged in a just war,brought on by the acts of the Republic of Mexico, as aolemny declared by the united vote of our Representatives in Congress; and whereas the < Hon. Thomas Corwin, a- Senator from this State, has, by his- speeches and other acts, given “aid and comfort” to the enemies of our country, while in a state of war, thereby pro longing sakl war, and incressing the expenses of the nation, causing the lives of many brave and patriotic soldiers, who hare left their femlliea and friends, at the call of the vrovern ment, to sustain its honor and redress its wrongs, to be placed in great danger, and there by preventing an honorable peace; we therefore respectfully ask your honorable body to take into consideration the propriety of asking the paid Thomas Corwin to resign his scat in the Senate of the United States; and further, if in tiie wisdom-of your honorable body it should be deemed necessary, that he be kept in close confinement in the Ohio Penitentiary until the close of the present war; least by the influence he may exert upon weak and fanatical minds, & dissolution of the Union may be effected, and himself declared dictator of Mexico., [Signed by 81 citizens —many of then signing ea Whigs.] Mjxßcemelin moved that the petition be re ferred, to the Committee on Federal Relations. —The reception was objected to by Mr. John son. Mr. Reemelin:said that he coincided fully with that part of the petition which prayed for j steps to be taken to bring about the resigna tion of Thomas Corwin. That man had on! more than one occasion disgraced the Senate i of the U. S. and especially the State of Ohio. | His position on the existing war with Mexico was repudiated, by all good men in Ohio, and among them were a goodly portion of patriotic j 'Whigs. But, much as Corwin's course on the war was in direct opposition to the feelings i and opinions of nine tenths of the people of Ohio, there was another subject upon which thatSenatoc had also violated the known wish es of the people of Ohio—that was the Oregon question. It was certainly a strange sight to see the same Corwin, that had on all occasions j upbraided the Democrats of Ohio with truck- ! ling to the South, and especially to Calhoun — 1 on almost every territorial question, side by I side with the South, and especially Calhoun. Calhaun went for surrendering to Great Bri tain pne-half of Oregon; a country especially suited to free labor,and so did Corwin. Calhoun i opposes the war—so does Corwin. Calhoun is ! - f^r-no Territory—so isCorwin; rmd 01 v every one I *>f th&e questions the people of Ohio were on | * different side than either cf the two Senators j f named. The union of Northern Federalism ' and Southern U1 truism was of an old date, and is now closer than ever. It had ever impeded the progress of the free West, and it had com -1 polled an honest President to surrender a tcr itory destined by nature and nature’s God, to ' free labor. But much, said Mr. R., as I agree with that part of the petition that refers to the resiena- j tion of Corwin, I must decidedly disapprove of ; that portion of that petition which asks the 1 confinement of said Corwin in the Ohio Peni- i tentiary. Far from desiring Corwin to be con- | fined, I am in favor of letting him at large. > There is no danger from him as long as his sentiments are known, as long as they come j out in broad day. The people of Ohio are too patriotic, too fully devoted to the Union, to . apprehend any danger from Thomas Corwin, I Mr. R. closed by saying, that he believed that ! the General Assembly had the power to ask Thomas Corwin to resign his seat, and that it should he exercised, and that his place should | be tilled by a better man. The other part of j the petition we had no power to grant, and if we had the power, it should not be exercised, i Mr. Johnson said that he objected to the j I reception of the petition, because he thought I | it disrespectful in the Senate, and because it I ; asked for that which the Senate could not i grant. Mr. Reomelin said that we would only briefly i say, tlwrt on inquiry, he had been informed | that the petitioners were good, respectable i citizens. —The petition was couched in res- j pectful language, and he had believed it his j duty to present it—to move its reference to j the Committee on Federal Relations—and I should vote so to commit it.—There is a dis- | I tinct difference between this petition and the | one presented by the Senator from Portage, , (Mr. Lewis.) That asked the General Assembly to “declare the Union dissolved.” The one I under consideration asks the General Assera- ! bly to bring about the resignation of Thomas i Cowin, so that his seat may be filled by a better man. The one needed no consideration from ■ any one who believed that this Union should I not be dissolved. The one now under consid- | oration asked for the exercise of a lawful power ■ | —one that has often been exercised. Mr. Randall replied to Mr. Recmolin. Put the vote to the people of Ohio to-day, and a large majority would vote to put an end to the war at once —to withdraw the troops from ; Mexico. Mr. Corwin has been branded as a traitor. When the present abominable war 1 | was brought on by the President, by ordering j the troops to the Rio Grande, Mr. Corwin did, 1 I and co dul every other member of Congress, 1 save fourteen, vote that the war existed by the i “act of the Republic of Mexico.” Because he j has announced his intention to vote against : supplies, Thomas Corwin is branded as a traitor | by men,who for more.! worth,Thomas Corwin is i as far above as lie iven is above Hell. The Speaker suggested that the Senator must j confine bis remarks to the subject under con- i sideration. Mr. Randall continued, and in the course of his '.emarks, spoke of the President, charging th it he gave the Mexican army a leader, in the person of Santa Anna, and that if any one was i a traitor, such conduct deserved that name. ; He, (Mr. R.) would vote for the reception of j ! the petition. Mr. Olds remarked that the petition he i ; thought should be referred, lie did not won- I i der that citizens of Ohio, irrespective of party, i | should, in their honest indignation, knowing 1 | that the Legislature of Ohio had placed Tom ‘ Corwin in power, feel that the same body should ask him to resign a trust he has so ; signally failed to execute to the interest of his country, and to the satisfaction of his constitu ents. They know that their feelings have been outraged—the high position of this be loved State degraded —and a foul and slander ous libel b?en published against their beloved ; country. They feel, said Mr. 0-. that one of ! Ohio’s Senators has perpetrated treason, de p p, j dark and damning, and that the foul stain can only be wiped- from her fair escutcheon by placing the mark of a" trutor upon him. Can they, shall we ask them to forget that this notorious indidividual, having less than i two years ago voted in the Senate of the Uni- ! ted States, “that whereas war existed by the acts of the Republic of Mexico,” and that the ! President should be authorized to send fifty thousand of his fellow citizens to the tented i field in Mexico, should in one short year, pro ! nounce the war “unrighteous and damnable.” —“a Presidential war,”—and proclaim from his high place in the Senate of the United States, to the Mexican soldiers, “were I in I your place, I would welcome the American soldiers with bloody hands to hospitable ! graves.” If this be not affording “aid and ; comfort” to our enemies, what would aid and comfort them ? If this be not treason, said | Mr. 0., in heaven’s name, what is treason ? But listen again to a trator’s language, and | then tell me, said Mr. 0,, if the feelings of j these petitioners do not find a response in ! many a noble and patriotic bosom. After Corwin, by his voice, had caused • thousands of the patriotic sons of Ohio to leave i their homes, their firesides, and their peaceful i avocations —to sever the fond connection that 1 j bound them to father, mother, brother, sister, ! and loved ones —to lay aside their implements j of husbandry and mechanism—to turn their plough-shares and pruning hooks into broad swords and bristling bayonets, and in defence \ of their country and her insulted flag, to march more then three thousand miles, and into the i enemies country—to endure hardships, toil : and privation —and then, when surrounded by an enemy four times their number, forgetful j of the usages and rights of an honorable war- | fare, proclaim to them, from the National Sen- j ate Chamber —“Though ye be an hungered, ! I’ll give you no bread—though ye be thirst, I I’ll give you no dink—though ye be naked, | I’ll clothe you not.” “Though the Mexican lasso be around your neck, and his stiletto at your heart, so help me God ! I’ll give you neither men nor money to succor and assist you.” “Though every woman and child in Ohio, upon tlxeir bended knees, should plead in your behalf, I’ll steel my heart agaixxst their importunities.” Mr. Olds said he could truly sympathize with those petitioners, in; their outraged feel ings and honest indignation, but he would never consent to grant the latter clause of their request. That, although every pulsation of j the traitor’s heart was in unison with our ene mies—that although the dark and damning stain of treason was upon him, he, Mr. O.” would never consent to hide him from public ! view, in a dungeon’s walls. No, said Mr. 0., : i let not the black pall of oblivion cover the trai | tor, nor hide his treason, but rather let him j I live ten thousand years an object of scorn and ! I hatred, that posterity may point to him and | say, “There goes a traitor”—let him live, that we may witness the writhings and agony of his latest posterity, when his treason to his ; country shall be thrown into the teeth of his | children, and his children’s children; let him j I be like Cain, until he shall cry out, “3/y pun | ishinent is greater than I can bear !” Mr. Burns said he was acquainted with ! i many of the petitioners. Men more honest, I highminded; and patriotic, never lived; and the language applied to them—the sneers and | sarcasms of Senators—are alike uncalled-for i and unjust. Let Senators go to the neighbor hood where these petitioners reside, and than ! sneer at them if they dare. They will be | found among the best of citizens. The lan- j j guage of the petitioners is respectful—not | I one word can be found tlxere that *is not res pectful. ■ Senators try to find a similarity be- > [ tween tins petition and the one presented a ' few days ago, for the dissolution of the Union, f The one is respectful—the other asks for a treasonable act. The signers of one he knew not; but the signers of the one now under con sideration are as honorable men as any Senator upon this tloor. The one petition prayed for a dissolution of the Union—the other, that measures might be taken to preserve this glo ' rious Union. Had he (Mr. B.) the power he was frank to | confess that lie avould not exercise it no Mr. | Oorwin u by inflicting on him the punishment i ; due his conduct. He would inflict a stronger | . punishment—one, perhaps, more malignant; 1 for he would show him to the people of the i | State, that they might see a lone Mexican in the United States, that had acted as Senator: i Corwin has acted, and that at him partriots I might point the linger of scorn. The petition states that several of the sign- ; ers are Whigs. This is true, lie (Mr. B.) knew several of them well. In 1840 they huz i zaed for “Tippecanoe and Tyler too,” and in | 1812 they threw fire-balls in the streets of | Mansfield, in honor of this sac “Ton. Cow- j 1 win,” who they now repudiate, Th Whigs ; are honorable men, and they :-.rc j .triots, as ; j well as all the other petitioners with whom he i (Mr. B.) was acquainted. The question was then taken on the recep ■ tion of the petition, and it was received—yeas I I 33, nays 3. [Messrs. Archbold, Johnson and I | Stutson, in the negative.] j The petition was then, after some debate,re j ferred to the Judiciary Committee. Thus we see that the Senate of Ohio, a large portion of whom are Whigs, have taken strong ground in favor of the war, and announce in language not to be misunderstood, that one of their Senators in Congress is a traitor to his j country because his conduct has been such as | to pro-tract tlxe wai and encourage the enemy. [From the MUted?eville Federal Unnion, ith LIST OF ACTS PASSED. (continued.) ; ISO. Amendatory of the act approved 10th | Dec. 1815, organizing a Supreme Court for the | correction of errors, in relation to bills of cx j ceptions, &c. 181. To authorize the Director of the Cen j tral Bank of Georgia, and in certain cases, j the Treasurer, to dispose of certain insolvent j or unreliable assets of said Bank, for the ben | efit of the Mate. ; 182. To alter an amend the 22d section of the 10th Division of the penal code. 183. For the relief of the estate of Abram | Ptavv, deceased. 181. To give to all Machinists, Engine build ers and repairers of engines and mill wrights j in the city of Savannah, incumbrance, 185. To declare all rules of practice inope rative, which have not been agreed upon and assented to by a majority of all the Judges of the Superior Courts in convention, for such purpose. 181. To incorporate the Macon and Western Rail Road Company, and to repeal the acts herein named. 187. For the relief of Samuel Jackson of the county of Muscogee. 188. To authorize a grant to issue to Lewis Zachry of Newton county, for the cast half of Lot Xo. 217, 10th di>t. of Henry. 180. To amend the several acts in relation to the President and Directors of the Bank of I Augusta, (Xe, 190. Requiring Constables bonds to be re : corded. 191. To authorize a junction of the Central ; Rail Road and Macon and Western Rail Road at, or near the city of Macon. 192. For the relief of Pinion Ward puc George M ixon. 193. For the relief of James 11. Mahaffey. 191. To incorporate the-Chatham Artillery j of the city of Savannah. I L 95. To emend an act to provide for the ed j ucation of the poor. 193. For the relief of James Jordan of tire county of Upson, 197. I'm the relief of James Harrison and Samuel Harrison, Adrn’rs. &c. 198. To authorize the Justices of the Infe j rior Courts-of this State to discharge criminals, or offenders against the law, from Jail,-in- cer ; tain cases; and also to discharge defendants in j certain civil cases. 100. To amend and explain the several acts for the limitation of actions, and avoiding suits at law. 209. To incorporate the Ocmulgco 11. Road Company. 201. To incorporate the Southern Mutual | Insurance Company. 202. To prescribe how the laws and resolu tions of this State shall be compiled and ar ranged. 208. To compensate the River Commission- | ! ers upon the Ocmulgee and its branches, so I fir as concerns the counties of Jasper, Butts j and Newton. 201. To repeal so much of ar net assented j to 23d Dec. 1839, to lay out any new district, ! or alter the lines of these already laid out, as | relates to the counties of Habersham and I Rabun. i 205. To repeal so much of an act to conscl | idatc the offices of Tax Collector and Receiv j er, assented to 9th Dec. 1839, as relates to j Cobb county. 206. Mure effectually to define and make ■ uniform the liability of Guardians, Executors ! and Administrators in regard to the interest j to be charged against them. 207. To grant to Messrs. Cooper, Stroup & Wiley of Cass county, and others, the right | to navigate the Etowah River, to remove ob structions, &e. 208. To authorize a grant to issue to Lam bert J. Jones for Lot. No. 131, Ist district, Dooly. 209. To allow additional compensation to Executors, Administrators and Trustees in certain cases. 210. To reduce the official bonds of the ! Sheriff of Rabun county. 211. To repeal so much of an act approved i sth Dec. 180 G, amendatory of an act to carry I into effect the 9th Sec. of the Sd Art, of the Constitution, approved Ist Dec. 1802, for the benefit of Eldridgc Fudghara of the county of Baker. 212. To amend the charter of the Memphis branch Rail Road and Steamboat Compa i ny. 213. To facilitate and regulate the manner of paying interest upon the public debt and to authorize the issue the of Bonds as is herein provided for. 214. To appropriate money for the support of government for the political years 1848 and 1849. 215. To alter and amend the 11th Sec. of the 10th Division of the penal code. 216. Amendatory of an act of 1840, so far as to change the name of the Milledgeville Turn pike and Railroad Company. 217. To amend an act passed 22dDec. 1810, j to alter and amend the 9th Sec. of the Judi- | ciary act of 1799, and the Ist Sec. of an act ; relative to executions, passed 14th December, 1811, &c. 218. To protect those engaged in the tur pentine business in the counties of Camden, Glynn. Mclntosh,Seriven, Jefferson and Wash ington. 219. To incorporate the Marion Dragoons, ! and to furnish the Upson county Dragoons with certain arms. 220. To alter the line between the counties : of Jones and Jasper. 221.. To change the place of holding Justices courts inLßlst'dist. G. M-, Tattnallx-ounty, and also in 557th dist. Monroe county, to i the village of Culloden. [ 222. To change the lines between the coun- \ ties of Walton and Newton, and Paulding and Cobb. 223. To authorize the grant to issue Martha Alta Smith for lot No. 9, 7th dist. Lee. 224, To legalize the actings and doings of j Lavinah Loyless, Administratrix of Henry Loyless. deceased, and to authorize the Court of Ordinary of Twiggs county to grant letters of administration de bonis non on the estate of : the said Henry Loyless, [to be continued.] 31 it sti 0 1 a, (Georgia. THURSDAY MORNING, JAN. 6. OP*All the mails due last evening from the j North came to hand. The latest intelligence will be found under our telegraphic head, which is one day in advance of the mail. Mr. Ashmun has immortalized himself in Congress; j ee his amendment to a resolution of thanks ffered to the gallant Taylor, his officers and men. The Whig Speaker of the Lower Hoasd of Congress- The temporizing course, to use the mildest I term of censure we can adopt, of the South ern Whigs on the Wilmot Proviso question, 1 reached its climax of error in the election, by the aid of Southern Whig votes, of the pre sent Speaker of the House of Representatives. The fear of rupturing the entente cordial be j tween the Whigs of the North, who are all Wilmot Provisoists, and the Whigs of the South, has, throughout, influenced the latter in t 1 cir positions on the indemnity question. Wilmot Provisoism has certainly carried the day in the Whig ranks so far, and it is cer tainly destined to continue to do so to the end of the chapter. Southern Whig influence can do nothing—is evidently determined to do ! nothing to arrest its progress. At the North, the Whigs say there shall be no introduction I of slavery in territory hereafter to be acquit- J ed. At the South, the doctrine is advocated by the Whigs that it is the true policy of the South not to advocate or desire the further I extension of slave territory. Bo th, therefore, tend to the confining the institution of slave ry, and its consequent political influence to its present limits. The result will be, if these combined views triumph in the triumph of the : Whig party of the country, that the South will be wholly overshadowed by the free States —Its representation in Congress out- j numbered and overwhelmed by the represen- i i tation of the free States, and its political and moral influence wholly destroyed. The free States will go on increasing in wealth, in pop ulation and in numbers, while the slave States, hemmed in, and forbid to extend their limits beyond their present narrow bounds, I will be powerless to resist encroachments | on their rights by Congress. They have flourished and spread by having the mag nificent domain of the West and Southwest thrown open to their euterprize. Room for the expansion of their energies and euterprize seems essential. To confine the present slave population and their posterity forever to their ' present territorial limits is the object of Wil mot Provisoism, and is a policy sanctioned by the party, whether it be North or South, which j contends that any further extension of slave territory would be disadvantageous to- the i South. The election of Mr. Wiuthrop to the Speak j ership has given a great and formidable pre dominance to Wilmot Provisoism. In the face of the vote of the Southern Whigs for him, that party at the South can with but a poor grace continue their mere formal decla ration as did the last Georgia Whig Conven tion, that the W.lmot Proviso is unjust and unconstitutional. One of the earliest acts of Mr. Wiuthrop was to give a casting vote against the South on the reception of abolition petitions. But the most glaring evidence of his antag onism to the South is to be found in the cha- j j racter of the Standing Committees appointed by him. The Washington Correspondent of I the Columbus Times has furnished a state ment which is enough to startle the most pla cid of Southern minds. He states that 22 out I of the 36 Standing Committees have Wilmot , Proviso Whigs at their head, and that Messrs . Clingman, Botts atid Butler King, who will go as far as any other Southern men dare go in favor of any thing the dominant dynasty ; among the Whigs insists on, are at the head of three others. The following arc the members of two of the most important Committees : Committee on the Judiciary. —Joseph. R. In- I gersoll of Pa. ; Geo. Ashburn of Mass.; John ' Pettit of la.; Nathan R. Hall of N. Y.; John 11. Lumpkin of Ga.; James Dixon of Conn.; Richard French of Ivy.; John L. Taylor of Ohio ; Richard K. Meade of Va. Committee on Territories. —Caleb B. Smith of la., (Chairman ;) Robert B. Cranston of K. I.; ! j Howell Cobb of Ga.; Julius Rockwell of ! | Mass.; James Thompson of Pa.; Daniel Gott ' of N. Y.; Isaac E. Morse of La.; Nathan Evans of Ohio; Timothy Pillbury of Texas. Mr. Wiuthrop is well known to be a most uncompromising advocate of the Wilmot Pro viso. What Northern Whig is not? It J is now notorious that a> majority of the ; ! Democrats in Congress, from the non-slave- 1 holding States, came there determined to resist the Wilmot Proviso in any and every shape in which it should be offered. They wereT and are the true friends to the con- ! i stitution and the South on this question.— I Southern Whig members should have stood by them, if they in truth looked upon this as a question paramount to mere party ascen dency. They should have voted to put in the chair an Anti-Wilmot Proviso man, no | matter what the consequences to party arrange i ments. We are sorry to find that our entire Whig delegation present, Messrs. Stephens, Toombs, and Jones, are found recorded among the sup porters of the Wilmot Proviso candidate and | that partly by their aid, he hold* the Speak ; er's chair. Every one of the Whigs on these two Com mittees represents a district of a non-slave- I holding State. They constitute a majority of : each Committee, and are ail anti-slavery men, and Wilmot Provisoists. But to show how far this unjust and studied j discrimination against Southern rights has 1 been carried, we quote the following passage j 1 of the letter from which we derive these state- | ments. “ Now-, as it would not do to exclude anti- Proviso Whigs, (Southern Federalists,) alto gether from all the important committees, (in j this slavery connection,) Mr. Speaker Win throp has placed some of them on these two; yet, at the same time, lie has taken care to check-mate them with funkey Democrats,who arc, as they ought to be, equally offensive at i the South, for they are quite as hostile to Southern rights as Northern Federalists, one and all. “ On the Committee of IVays and Means, there j are Messrs. Samuel F. Vinton, of Ohio, chair man, Hebert Toombs, of Ga., Jus, J. McKay, of i N. C., Chas. Hudson, of Ms., George S. Hous ton, of Ala., Charles S. Mo rehead, of Ky., Jas. j Pollock, of Pa., Samuel D. Hubbard, of Conn., Henry Nichole, of N. Y. i “ Toombs and Morehead are Southern whiga, ! so to neutralize their bias in all questions aris ing to affect the rights of the South, Nicholl, a new member, from New York, one of the few unsound Northern Democrats in the present ; Congress, is placed in this important position. I Nicholl and the four anti-slavery Whigs con ! stitutc a majority of the Committee. “ The Committee on Commerce, are Messrs, i Washington Hunt, of N. Y., chairman, Joseph Grinnell, of Mass., R. F. Simpson, of S. C., M. Hampton, of Pa., Batman G. Thibodeaux, of La., John Wentworth, of 18., Dudley S. Gregory, of N. J., Archibald Atkinson, of Va., Kinsley S. Bingham, of Mich. The four Noi them Federalists on this Com ; nhttre are anti-Slavery men, but as it was ne | cessary to throw a crumb to Southern W’.iig gery on the Committee of Commerce, (New i Orleans being the second port in the Union,) | Thibodeaux must have a place there. So \ Wentworth, of 111,, a rabid Abolitionist, who is no longer looked on here as a member of the Democratic party in full communion, is fixed in this position in order to neutralize T’s. aid in any assault on the rights of the South the Northern anti-Slavery Federalists on the com mittee may determine. “ CAUSES OF MAIL FAILURES.” Under this caption, an article from the Mo- I bile Tribune and Herald, is going the rounds, which does great injustice to our worthy Post. mas f er. The writer, after giving the different detentions experienced by him on the route, I goes on to say : “Arrived at Charleston on the 21st, and again was too late by hall an hour, where we remained another day, and on the evening of the 22d reached Augusta, whence we proceed ed without detention, but all the mails which accompanied us were left there, although the postmaster had time to assort and despatch them.” In the last sentence the writer is mistaken, for to our knowledge but a part of one news paper mail lias remained over at the Augusta Post Office within the past two months, and on that occasion, the mails I five in number,) reached the Office after eight o'clock, and had :to bo despatched by ten. The letters were forwarded, after distribution, and a great por tion of the newspapers, but it was impossible for ail Co be sent, with the limited force allow ed to this Office. It is an easy matter for travellers to write letters and find fault, but it is a difficult job for six men to receive, assort and deliver five days’ letter and newspaper mails (the former numbering some for" leath er bags, and the latter some fifty or sixty two bushel canvass bags) in the short space of two hours, when they are allowed one’ hour for a single uaaiL Acts of the Legislature. The Federal Union of the 4th inst. savs— To-day is the last, on which the acts of the Legislature can receive the Executive sanc tion. We give to out readers the caption of 224. The whole number turned over bv his Excellency to the Secretary of State is 276. The caption of the remaining 5-2 will appear in our next. The Weather. The Baltimore Patriot of the Ist inst. says: ; The fine weather, with which we have been favored for two or three days past, has passed off’ and £iven place to a mist or fog, which is even more disagreeable than storm and rain. I It commenced on Thursday, at about midnight, i and has since pervaded the city, obscuring everything, and rendering it extremely diffi cult to see distinctly at the distance of a few paces. The dense moisture of the atmosphere is not so remarkable at the time the f >g con , tinues; for at the hour of writing this (7 P. M.) there is no indication of its breaking, but rather, if there be any change, of its being succeeded bv more rain.- The Philadelphia Ledger, 31st ult., says— j “A telegraphic despatch from New York yes j terday morning announced the failure of tw'o j more of the Free Banks of that State viz:— j The “Bank of New Rochelle” and “The James i Bank,” at Jaraesville, in Saratoga county, and in the after part of the day, one of our bro kers received notice, through the telegraph, i cautioning him against the purchase of the notes of other of the New York county banks.” John Stubs, Esq. one of the proprietors of the Columbia Daily Telegraph, has withdrawn from any further connection with that paper. The Telegraph will hereafter be conducted by Edward Sill, Esq. [From the Savannah (Georgian, ith iuj/.] County Election- An election was held yesterday for County Officers. There were 1,365 votes polled. Ro bert A. Lewis was elected Justice of the Infe rior Court, vice R. M. Goodwin, Esq., resign , ed. He was the only candidate. For Justice of the Inferior Court, Robert A. Lewis 760 Sheriffs W. W. Oates .... 655 Daniel H. Stewart.... 476 F. E. Tebeau. 191 Clerk of Sup. and Inf. Courts. John E. Daivs 704 A. Lafitte 653 Receiver of Tax Returns. W. Herb 890 F. R. Sweat 407 'fax Collector, Elisha Wylly . .1,236 County Surveyor. Samuel Bi Sweat -.1,179 Coroner. Thomas Eden 1,258 Central Rail Road and Banking’ Company At an election held yesterday at the Bank ing-House in this city, the following gentle j nicn were elected Directors for the ensuing year: John W. Anderson, Wm. Crabtree, Jr., j Solomon Cghcn, Richard 11. Cuylcr, Matthew | Hopkins, W. B. Johnston, Henry McAlpia, j Jacob Waldburg, * Joseph Fay. *New Director. By Telegraph 2i HOURS IN ADVANCE OF THE MAIL. CONGRESSIONAL. Washington, Jan. 3rd, 1818. !1 the Senate, Mr. Johnson, of La., submit ted resolutions of enquiry into the expendi cncy of granting a portion of the public lands I to the citizen soldiers ot Louisiana engaged in her defence in 1814, which was adopted. Also, joint resolutions to ascertain and de termine the amount of the claims of our citi zens against Mexico, which was read the first time. Mr Berrien introduced a bill to remove the obstructions in the Savannah River, which was read twice and referred. Mr. Hunter introduced a resolution calling for the correspondence between Mr. Wise and the Brazilian Government relative to the Slave trade, which was adopted. The Bill providing clothing for the Volun teers was passed. The Senate then took up the ten regiment j bill. Mr. C 'ass opened the debate, when con siderable discussion followed on the propriety of postponing further debate on the bill until Mr. Calhoun was heard on his resolutions. The bill was finally postponed until AVedncs ' day. The Senate then went into Executive Ses sion, after which it adjourned. HOUSE OF REPRESEXTA fives. The motion to lay on the tabic the resolu tion directing the renewal of the late contract for the transmission of the great Southern mail, was withdrawn, and on motion of Mr. ! Botts it was made the special order of the day i for Tuesday. Mr. Jones of Tenn. offered resolutions of j enquiry relative to the expediency of em ploying temporary additional clerks in the Pension office, which were adopted. Mr, Peaslcy introduced a bill for the settle ment of the claims of New Hampshire against the United States, which was read twice. Mr. Ashman introduced a resolution of enquiry as to the expediency of repealing the law prohibiting the transportation of news papers and letters by private means, which was adopted. Mr. Hudson offered a resolution of enqujry as to the expediency of requesting the Presi dent to withdraw our armies east of the Rio- Grande, and to propose forthwith a treaty of ptace, on the basis that we relinquish all claims to indemnity,taking as our boundary the desert between the Neuces and the Rio Grande, I and taking security for the payment of the j claims of our citizens due previous to the com i mencement of the war. After taking the yeas and nays on several motions, the resolution was rejected, yeas 41, nays 127.- Mr. Rockwell, of Conn., introduced a bill to ; provide for a consular system in the United : States, which was read fwice and referred. Mr, C. J. Ingcrsoll offered a resolution of enquiry of the President whether any notice I has been taken of the remarks of the’ British | Secretary in the House of Commons reflecting I on the want of faith orr die part of the Uni fed I States. Lies over. Mr, Dickey offered a joint resolution for flic appointment of a committee of five from each ; House, to confer with the President upon the. best mode of effecting a peace. Lies over. ; Mr. Hampton of Pa. offered a joint resolu tion to the effect that no new territory shall | be received unless by the vote of the several j States. Mr. Houston, of Del., offered a joint reset | lution of thanks to Gen. Taylor, his officers i and men. Mr. Henley offered an amendment, i adding while engaged as they were in defend j ing the rights and honor of their country. Mr, Ashmun moved to amend, by adding “in a war unnecessarily and unconstntuAioesdly | began by the President of the United States.” Mr. Ashman’s amendment was adopted— yeas 85, nays 81. On motion of Mr. Stephens, the House ad journed. The nominations of Messrs. Davis, Rowan an 1 Niles,were confirmed by the Senate to-day r as were also the nominations of a few Custom House and Land officers. Important Rumor [ Correspondence of the Baltimore Patriot. — By Telegraph.] 'Washington, Dec. 31, ’47, G P. M. There is a rumor current about town that General Scott has been recalled from the com mand of the Army in Mexico. Although from its- entire-improbability,, no one is disposed to give it credence, the'mere report has created a great sensation, and is the general subject of conversation. I send it for : what its worth. A Pair of Epigrams- In a recent number of the New World the fol lowing Epigram by Park Benjamin, appeared ; AN EPIGRAM. Disrespectfully dedicated to the FourieriUt. How well it is the sun and moon Are placed so very high. That no presuming hand can reach To pluck them from the sky. IT ’twas not so, J do believe That some reforming asa Would soon attempt to take them down And light the world with gass. P. B, Which a correspondent of the Harbinger, •an swered with the following EPIGRAM.. Restrain your fears j the Fouricrite* Will never set about it, For while P. B. writes epigrams. There’s gas enough without it !•’ Besides, your “World’s” already light With sundry sorts of gasses ; It were superfluous then t’ attempt What's done by its own assea. Special Notices'.. AUGUSTA FEMALE SEMINARY. Mrs. JAMES ADAM respectfully informs hev friends and the public, that her School, for & limit edjnumbcrof pupils, will be re-opened on Monday,. January 10th, at her residence oa Broad Street,, near the Lower Market. Jan. 5 Iw 0 3 Notice. —The PEWS in the First Pres byterian Church, belonging to the Trustees, will be offered for sale at public out-cry, at the Churchy on FttiDAY Afternoon next,7th inst. at 3 o’clock. Those not sold will be offered for rent, ’ Jan I —td