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CONSTITUTIONALIST. BY JAMES GARDNER, JR. TERMS. Daily, per annum, in advance $8 00 Tri-Wkekly, per annum 5 00 Weekly, per annum, if paid in advance 2 00 These terms are offered to new subscribers, and to old subscribers who pay up all arrearages. In no case will the Weekly paper be sent at $2, un less the money accompanies the order. In no case will it be sent at $2 to an old subscriber in arrears. [£7* When the year paid for at $2 expires, the paper, if not discontinued, or paid for in advance, will be sent on the old terms, $2 50 if paid at the office within the year, or $3 if paid at the expiration of the year. j£7=» Postage must be paid on all communications and letters of business. TERMS OF ADVERTISING. One square (12 lines,) 50 cents the first insertion, and 37i cents for the next 5 insertions, and 25 cents for each subsequent insertion. Contracts made by the year, or for a less period, on reasonable terms. LEGAL ADVERTISEMENTS. Sheriff's Levies. 30 days. $2 50 per levy ; 60days, $5. Executor's, Administrator’s and Guardian’s Sales, Real Estate, (per square, 12 lines) $4 75 Do. do. Personal Estate 3 25 Citation for Letters of Administration 2 75 Do. do. Dismission 4 50 Notice to Debtors and Creditors 3 25 Four Months’ Notices 4 00 Rules Nisi, (monthly) $1 per square, each insertion. O* ALL REMITTANCES PER MAIL, are at our RISK. (From the Southern Press.) The Politics of Germany. The peace of Europe has depended of late on the conference at Dresden. And the subject of this conference is a re-adjustment of the relations of the German States. Since then the peace of the old world depends on the politics of Germany, and since that is the country, which, together with Ireland, furnishes the greater part of European emigration to this •country, and since the political institutions of Germany resemble our own, more than any other in the world, it is both interesting and important that this country should know something of Ger many. For at present there is no region of the civilized world of which we are more ignorant than that. Our knowledge of the Greek States of antiquity is far more exact and comprehen sive. Germany is the most intelligent, the most free, and the most prosperous of all the countries of Europe. It extends from North latitude 50 deg. to 55 deg., and from 5.20 to 20.20 of Eastjongi tude. The climate therefore is temperate, as the isothermal line in Europe is about ten degrees North of its latitude in the United States, and the soil is fertile. The area of Germany is about 250,000 square miles—about four times as large as the State of Virginia: the population is now something over forty millions. It is watered by several hundred rivers, of which sixty are navi gable : but being situated in the centre of Eu rope, has very imperfect access to the ocean, hav ing but a small front on the Baltic and on the North Sea. The greater part of the population of Germany live in cities, towns and villages, of which there pare than a hundred thousand: one hundred of the cities have over 8,000 inhabitants each.— There are 24 universities with about 20,000 stu dents—and 150 public libraries, with five or six millions of volumes. The literary activity of the people is prodigious —there being more than ten thousand authors, whose annual production is about five thousand new books. There are some four hundred journals, of w'hich about one third are political, and in addition there are near ly two hundred periodicals. The population of Germany consists almost entirely of two races. The German or Teutonic numbers over thirty millions —the Slavons over six. There are about a million only of all others, Walloons, French, Jews, Italians, Gypsies, Ar menians and Greeks. But the most important distinctions of Ger many—those which have affected her history, politics, and condition most deeply, are religious. There are about twenty-one million of Catholics, and over eighteen of Protestants. The residue consists of Jews, Greeks, and Armenians. Germany is a constitutional confederacy—the most populous, complicated and wonderful that ever existed. It comprehends no less than thir ty-nine sovereign and independent States entire ly differing in creed, size, power and institutions. Austria is the most powerful member of the sys tem, having a territory in Germany of over 85,- 000 square miles, and a population of nearly twelve millions. On the other hand there is Lichtenstein W'ith fifty-one square miles of terri tory, and a population of about six thousand.— Every form of government is comprehended in this omnifarious confederacy—empires, king doms, duchies, electorates, principalities, repub lics, with every degree of powder, in princes, es tates, parliaments, and people. There are about fifteen absolute governments, five constitutional monarchies, fourteen in which the different or ders of th 3 State, princes, nobles, and clergy, have a sort of feudal divison of power, and our repub lics, or free cities. One of the most curious features of the Ger man system is, that several of its members have large possessions independent of it. Austria has twice as much territory and population outside of the confederation as she has within. Prussia has about half as much. The King of Denmark represents Holstein and Lauenburg in the confed eracy. The King of Holland holds the Duchy of Luxemburg. PThe present Constitution of the German Con federacy was adopted in 1815, and is guaranteed in the treaty of Vienna by the allied powers of Europe. The federal government is vested in a Diet or Congress of the plenipotentiaries of the States, and Austria presides. This Diet is per manent, and meets at Frankfort on the Maine, one of the free cities or States. But this Diet sits in two capacities, and with different organi zations. In one capacity, that of the Plenum , it decides, without any discussion whatever, all questions before it. In the other it discusses, but does not decide, except as to what proposi tions it shall submit to the Plenum. In the Ple num every State has at least one vote, but Aus tria, and the five kingdoms of Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover, and Wurtemberg, have each four votes; Baden, Hesse Cassel, Hesse Darm stadt, Holstein, and Luxemburg, each three- Brunswick, Mecklenburg Schwerin and Nassau, each two: the other States each one, making al together seventy. In making or altering fundamental laws, in the admission of neve members into the Confed eracy, and in religious matters, unanimity is re quired. The assembly, when sitting to originate and discuss f propositions, is also the executive power of the confederacy. Austria presides in both. But in the deliberative essembly there are only seventeen votes allowed, and they are thus apportioned: Austria, Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover, Wurtemberg, Baden, Hesse Cassel, Darmstadt, Holstein, and Luxemburg, have each one vote, making eleven. The twelfth vote be longs; to the Ernestine branch of the grand duchy and duchies of Saxony, the thirteenth to Brunswick and Nassau, the fourteenth to Meck lenburg Schwerin and Strelitz, the fifteenth to Oldenburg, the three branches of Anhalt, and the two of Scbwartzemburg, the sixteenth to Ho henzollern, Renss and Waldeck, the seventeenth to the four free cities of Hamburg, Bremen, Lu beck and Frankfort on the Maine. The deputies or plenipotentiaries are responsi ble each to his own government, and only vote according to instructions. The objects of the confederation are: 1. The independence and integrity of the States. 2. Protection of the States against each other. 3. Protection of the government of each State a gainst its people. 4. To provide representative constitutions for all the States. 5. The legal eGUaiity of all the Christians. 6. The right of emigration from any one to any other of the and of holding property in any It appears from an examination ol the popu lation ofthe several States, that the apportion- Sint of representation in the Diet under its de jiterative and executive organization, that the majority of deputies necessary to decide, repre sent three-fourths of the population of Germany— one-fourth having thus the veto power, whilst in the Plenum the opposition of twenty-four votes is fatal to any proposition, and twenty-four votes may be given by States whose population is not one fifteenth part of the whole. And as to the most important questions, unanimity is required. Each State is assessed at a certain contingent of troops for the armies of the confederation. It is apparent that as a federal system, the Gentian is in general more conservative of State rights than our own. And in fact, in the thirty five years of the existence of the German con federation, the original rights of the States as agreed on by the compact of 1815, have been re spected more religiously than with us. This results from its being less consolidated in its structure than ours. But there are two antagonistic elements in the German confederation as in ours. With us they are the distinctions between white and black; with them the rights of princes and people. The overthrow of Napoleon was effected by the rising of the masses of central Europe against him, on promises of liberty from their rulers. These promises were evaded rather than fulfilled by a stipulation in the constitution of the German confederacy, that the Diet was to provide repre sentative characters for the several States. But even this vague provision had not been observed, when, on the occurrence of the French revolution in 1830, the agitation extended to several of the Ger man States, and, among them, the people of Hesse Cassel rose and demanded a representation of the Elector. It was agreed to. A written con stitution or charter was adopted, which, among other things, reserved for the representatives of the people the right of controlling the supplies —the purse. This alarmed the Diet, which, in 1832, proceeded to prohibit the exercise of a pow er to withhold supplies. It does not appear that any occasion arose to bring on an actual conflict of the Die with the Electorate on this point, as the chamber of the latter did not exercise the power it claimed until 1848 —after the last French revolution, and after what may be called the German revolution. For great changes fol lowed in Germany those which occurred in France. The people rose in Vienna, in Berlin, and in other places, and extorted constitutions. And there was, by a sort of general consent, a movement made by both princes and people to establish a new German union, instead of the confederacy of 1815. Strange as it may seem, this new movement was devoted to unity as well as to liberty. It never arrived at success, al though a convention of the German States was held, not only recognized, but attended by Austria and the other powers. Its design was to consoli date Germany into one State, with a representa tive government. Mr. Calhoun, in a conversa tion with the Prussian minister, foretold the fail ure of the scheme—said that the only step towards consolidation that Germany could take was to perfect the Zollverein, which is a commercial compact, comprehending most of the States of Germany, and designed to equalize duties, to collect them on the frontier, to abolish transit charges, and to remove restrictions on trade. The scheme of a German unity, of a German empire or of a German republic failed. And rea action occurred in Austria, Prussia, and every where else. It was then that Austria undertook as President to convene the old Diet at Frank fort, and one of the main objects was to call on the forces of the confederacy to put down the people of Hesse Cassel. who had through their re presentatives refused to grant supplies to the elector, on a peremptory demand of an odious minister, of a large amount, for indefinite objects, contrary to the constitution. This movement of Austria has been opposed by Prussia, which was jealous of Austrian ascend ancy in the Diet. Prussia is the great Protestant, Austria the great Catholic power of Germany, and with the exception of four or five, all the lesser States have a preponderance of protestant population. This has sustained the federative character of Germany, through the long period in which Russia in the North, and France in the South have passed from feudalism tp consilida tion. Austria insists not only on convening the Diet, and presiding in it, but on bringing into the Ger manic system her Hungarian and Italian pro vinces, It does not appear that she demands an increased representation or vote on their account, but it would result from their introduction that she would he entitled tp the aid of the federal forces in keeping them in subjection, and in pro tecting them from foreign conquest. On this proposition Prussia has vacillated, and Russia has vacillated. The latter is indeed not strictly to the dispute, except as a party to the treaty pf 1815, on whose integrity she has a right to insist. And Russia has acquired an influence with Austria, especially in the management of Hungary, in consequence of the aid rendered to arrest the late revolution in that kindgom. Russia has at one time, it seems, supported the plan of Austria to re-establish the Diet, and to introduce Hungary, Lombardy, &c\, into the German sys tem. This would give to Austria the right of maintaining in Germany a larger force than now, and thus of maintaining more effectively the cause of absolute power. On the other hand, it would violate the treaty of 1815, and would, per haps, render Austria less dependent on Russia. Lo, if the Austrian policy succeeds, she becomes too powerful for Prussia; but if it fails, she is tempted to maintain and improve her connection with Russia, and thus become more dangerous still. Hence the vacillating course and con flicting accounts at Dresden, on the conference which is assembled there on these important questions. At one time Austria became impe rious and dogmatic in her language, and was an swered by Prussia in a call on her Landwehr, the whole military force in war, of that State. The call was answered with such enthusiasm everywhere, that Austria immediately receded. It is one of the most curious and interesting struggles of a federative with consolidated sys tems, that modern history affords. And on the firmness and sagacity of Germany in maintain ing her peculiar system, depends all of liberty of which continental Europe is capable, Rotation of the Earth. —The apparatus for testing the beautiful experiment of M. Foucault, at the Bunker Hill monument, is now nearly completed; in fact so near finished, that Professor Horsford, this morning, in presence of the officers of the Bunker Hill Monument Association, and several scientific gentlemen, set the pendulum in motion. The apparatus is very perfect, and cannot fail to give satisfaction. The ball is suspended by a small pianoforte wire, annealed, and fixed in a brass setting. The length of the wire is 216 feet and it is hung from the bottom of the arch at the top of the monument. The extent of the oscil 'tm? pendulum is about 8 feet. The motion of the pendulum is beautiful in the extreme. The progress of the revolution of the earth is perceptible with every oscillation of the pendulum, the table on which a scale is marked, moving from left to right, and in 30 minutes the point on the ball indicated a movement of about 5 degrees. An entire revolution of the table will occupy 35 1-2 hours. The exhibition will be opened to the public early next week. 1 Hon. Hu. A. Haralson. —We publish the let ter of this gentleman to-day, in reply to the Cow eta Committee. It will be seen that the able Representative of the fourth Congressional dis trict is right side up, and occupies true Southern ground. Since our return from the Convention, it has been asked us, on several occasions, why his name was not brought before the Convention as a nominee for Governor. Our reply is, not because of any doubts of his ability or patriotism on the part of his friends. Two causes opera ted to that effect. One, a desire to preserve un animity and harmony in the Convention; the other a compliance with the wishes of Gen. Haralson's constituents at home, who, if we can be induced to serve again, wish to re-elect him to his old station in Congress,^-Jeffersonian, New test of Sanity. A very interesting trial was recently held in Philadelphia to test the sanity of a well known person named Warder Cresson, who possesses large estates. What occasioned the trial we have not seen stated, but we presume it came from those who desire to handle his property. To prove the affirmative of the charge it was stated that be possessed an “unfixedness” of opinion—that in religion he had been Christian, in all its varieties of faith, Turk, Shaker and Mormon. Lastly, he had recently turned Jew, and been circumcised, to the great danger of his life. The result of the trial was adverse to those who instituted it. Change of opinion the court did not consider evidence of an absence of sanity —a decision which gives some relief to very anxious deliberations which we have had on im portant,political questions connected with Messrs Foote, Toombs, and others, the first of whom is afflicted, we thought, with a disease which fits him better for a Lunatic Asylum than the duty of canvassing a State for Governor. A man may change his opinion from Christain to Turk or Mormon, and yet be sane! We see, however, that in Foote’s case, if there be insanity it is of a mild and agreeable form, as indicated by a de claration which he made the other day in a con troversy with Governor Quitman, namely, that he has been standing still in his opinions, while his present enemies have been turning round. Strange as this appears, Foote absolutely declar ed it. He was not the changling, he said, but Quitman and others who agree with him were! Our object, however, is not to lug this loqua cious individual into the subject before us, but to give an account of a new' and very remarkable test of sanity w'hich in the case of Warder Cres son, w T as submitted by Peter A. Brow'ne, of Philadelphia,—a lawyer of great eminence and a man of much science, although a very thorough going abolitionist. We quote from the Phila delphia Ledger: u Mr. Brow'ne stated that from a careful and extended examination of many thousand speci mens of the hair of the head, for some three years, he was able to point out a remarkable peculiarity which w r as always manifest in the hair of the head of an insane person. On pulling out (said Mr. Brow’ne) a hair by the root from the head—the button at the end, or root as it is generally termed, will be observed, under the microscope, to be white in color, transparent, often translucent, and in a shape regular and pestle formed. In the insane, these characteristics are in all respects different; the button is dark in color, neither transparent nor translucent, and dis torted, bent and irregular in shape and form. This change in the roots of the hair Mr. Brow'ne accounted tor thus: that it is produced by bodily disease, w'hich has this effect on the hair; that insanity of every kind is a bodily disease, and that this change in the hair is caused more gen erally by insanity than any other disease; that a person might not be insane w'hose hair present ed these peculiarities, but suffering brobably from some bodily ailment: yet if the hair manifested no change, but presented the W'hite transparent and pestle-shaped appearance of the button, the person was not only free from insanity but from all other diseases having this effect. Such w'as the appearance of Mr. Cresson’s hair under the microscope, and Mr. Brow'ne declared on oath that this test w'as confirmatory of his opinion in favor of his sanity. ‘'Mr. Browne exhibited to the jury many hun dred specimens of hair collected from five lunatic hospitals, and testified that every specimen had this characteristic of insanity. He further tes tified that, from the investigations he had made, he had no doubt w'hatever of the theory he had advanced, and that it w r as based on actual experi ment. and confirmed by every observation he made.” Mr. Browne had had frequent conversations with Mr. Cresson, and from these and a thorough examination of the roots of his hair, as above described, he was perfectly convinced that he is perfectly sane. What weight this singular, and may be correct, theory had with the court is not stated. —Mobile Tribmie. Cost of the Established Church. A writer in the London Sun (says the South ern Press) is calling attention to the practical in justice of a state church of any kind. He says the danger is that, in attacking the Pope's ag gressions, the aggressions of the church at home are forgotten. He then proceeds thus: The established church in reference to the rest of the community, is situated as follows: Conformists. Nonconformists. England contains... .8,500,000 8,000,000 Scotland do, 860.000 1,800,000 Ireland do ~1,000,000 7,300,000 Total 10,350,000 17,100,000 In the face of the above, to legislate for the safety of the state church is a monstrous injustice. The church has no claims on the people. It is the dear est of all denominations of Christian churches; its practice contradicts professions; its revenues arejnisapplied. In Catholic times some good was done with the church moneys. Os a population of 4,000,000 nearly 50,000 persons were supported by them, Now, three millions of proceeds of church lands, appropriated at the Reformation, go to swell the incomes of the richest arigtocrcy on the face of the earth. Besides the Lord Chancellor has the patronage of 800 livings; the Duke of Devonshire of 48; the Earl of Fitzwilliam of 30 ; the Duke of Bed ford of 29; the Duke of Rutland of 29; the Duke of Beaufort of 27; the Duke of Norfolk of 24 ; the Marquis of Bristol of 20; the two Universi ties have the presentation of 700; the Colleges of Eaton and Winchester of 60; the rest of the aristocracy and country gentlemen of 6,000. Then the revenue of this church in England and Ireland amounts to £12,600,000. Half of this enormous sum is spent as follows: Archbishop of Canterbury. ,£46,000 Archbishop of York 28,000 Bishopric of Durham 30,000 Bishopric of London 60,000 The other 25 Bishops £6,000 each 180,000 Dignified clergy, archdeacons, deans, &c. in number about 1,000, at an income of £3,000 each. 3,000,000 Aristocratical non-residents, about 5,000, at an income of £I,OOO each 4,000,000 Yet this church, suffering from a plethora of ■wealth—thus overstocked with the good things of this life—will exact from the dissenter, who rejects its ereed, and who worship pot at its al tars, the utmost farthing. Murderous Women.— The Augusta Repub lic says:—The women are getting to be formi dable antagonists, it seems, and Jane Young, of Tugaloo River, South Carolina, who entered the Banner office on a sanguinary mission not long since, is not the only one who knows how to handle a pistol and bowie knife. A widow, named Mason, walked into Lawyer Wilson’s office, at Cincinnati, a few days since, and shot him twice with a pistol, but without killing him. The cause of the attack is not given. We ftnd another case reported ip the Natchez Free Trader: 4 Disgraceful Scene, —The other day, a woman who keeps a notorious house of ill fame, publicly cowhided a map ip the streets of this city. We do not know the cause of the quar rel, but understand the man (who lives a short distance down the river) had given some offence in the house of the woman who inflicted the cas tigation upon him. This same female has prov ed herself to be equally expert with pistols as with whip, for within the past few years she shot a man in New Orleans, and more recently n ? lot another ih Natchez. Yet, in the face of all these outrages, she has managed sufficiently well to escape punishment by the law. A company from BostorTls"engaged at Hell »ate, with Indian-rubber diving apparatus, en leavoring to secure treasure from the ship Czar which was wrecked.there many years ago.— N. Y. Paper. Some people are said to go even beyond the Ejate for money.— Sav. News, Young Ladies and! Matrimony. Florence Hay, who sat for her portrait to Mr. Willis, of the “Home Journal,” has caused a flut tering among the hearts of the unmarried lady readers of that paper. Minnie Moulson has spo ken, and now Eve Gray speaks as follows : “ Minnie Moulson ” says, we have not sufficient moral courage to remain single/’ I agree with her as to the absence of anything attractive in the large portion of men we meet; but I-think we wish to marry in the abstract, even if we do not find one worthy of us; that it is a part of nature that wo men with warm rich hearts and cultivated minds, should look for the comforts and charms of mar ried life. I mean not those who are ambitious, and seek to be the head of an establishment; but those who desire to be known and loved at home—and such are the large majority of us. But I would say that the grand office and destiny of our sex is ma ternity—that every woman not spoiled by some silly vanity, which becomes stronger than her na ture, feels this; and feels that while she remains single, she is doing violence to nature, and is de prived of the deai'est charms of life. We feel that it was intended by an all wise Pro vidence that every woman should be a mother. This is not merely physical, but it is a part of our heart. True, we long to be pressed to the breast of a man in whom we see so much purity, nobleness and generosity—the man we so much love—we dream that his cheek rests against ours—feel the soft pressure of his hand—we have sweet dreams of love; but by far the dearest pleasure ever a real woman felt, was when the child of the man she loves lay upon her breast. In this world of brainless men, but few of us can find men to love, at least at all like our ideal; and this is shown by the fact that so many do not mar ry the first man who offers. Most women—even girls yet in their teens—wish for their own child to love. Affectation may say it is immodest, but it springs from a “ higher law ” than of society, it is the law of God. Seeing that nature intended us for particular pur poses, I can see in “Florence Hay ” the true wo man when she says that “single years are wasted.” I till k “Minnie Moulson” part right when she says, “ ine tenths of the women of the present day marry with no other feeling towards their husbands than sheer indifference. But many women are not capable of a high and holy love, and much of that which they can feel is the result of association. But no woman can look with “ sheer indifference ” upon the father of her child. I have written so much that I shall scarce have room for what I took up my pen to say. I am much inclined to think that the fear supe rior women have, of seeming immodest in showing a preference for such men as they really do admire, lias a tendency to drive many from them to the lighter sort of women. Ido not mean that she should offer herself; but when she sees one whom she admires, she should evince plainly that she is pleased with his company and conversation, and not think of anything immodest, as there is really not. But if she treats him as indifferent women treat him, very likely there will boa mistake. Many men are proud, and will not sue for even a woman they love. CONSTITUTIONALIST. Jtopsto, ©rurgifl, SATURDAY MORNING, JUNE 7. Southern Rights Nomination for Governor. CHARLES J. McDONALD, of Cobb County. Praising the Wrong Person. For our share of the compliments bestowed in the following letter we touch our beaver, and blushingly tender our acknowledgments. But our modesty and sense of justice alike forbid our appropriating the honors due another. Our much respected predecessor, now no more, P. C. Guieu, Esq., was the editor of this paper in 1840 and 1844. It was he who sustained “with manly courage' 1 the democratic cause during those years. In 1840, we grieve to say, we were “ a whig of the old hard-cider, coon-skin and red-pepper school,” as Adamos hath it. We left it when in 184*2 it repudiated its prin ciples of State Rights and strict construction— the old principles of ’OB and ’99, and nominated for the Presidency their National Bank and Pro tective-tariff candidate, Henry Clay. We have ever since been with that party that opposed him and his principles. We are still with the party that opposes now both Henry Clay and his principles. We find in the resolu tions passed by the Convention which has no minated that sterling old Republican, Charles J. McDonald, the principles we have always advo cated from our youth upwards. They are truly de mociatic principles, as advocated by us ever since we became an editor, which was in 1845. As to our business Agents, we are not re sponsible to the public for their political opinions, past or present, nor they to us. This is a free country, and each man is entitled to think for himself. This letter, which has drawn forth the above comments,appeared in the last Atlanta Republican. De Kalb County, Ga., ) May 13, 1851. J Mu. Editor : — What makes your folks so in consistent. Your brother Gardner of the Consti tutionalist, is a good clever fellow and we have always taken his paper, and been glad when the insignias which he labored to sustain have waved in triumph. We have ever read his mpey with interest, and even loved it so well, that often after reading the general news, we have sat for hours at a time, and perused the advertising col umns, and have always anxiously awaited the arrivals of the mail that was to bring again this welcome visitor to our family. We have them neatly filed, and sometimes to stimulate ouy no? litical ambition, we turn over the issues of forty and forty-four, and read with what manly cou rage our much esteemed editor sustained himself and his party. But O, how changed! Our politician has abandoned the principles he once taught us tp learn and to love. How often hgs he whispered to us, be still, my fpllpwers, this is a Democratic, a Republican form qf Government, where the majority govern. That submission tq tjie acts of the constituted majority of quy country, whilst m compliance with the Constitution, was the purest principles in the breast ol the patriot. He is now laboring to convince his old party associates that the present Southern Rights Un ion Republican party is the same original party S,, wlli . ch w . e all belonged, whilst lie winks at the Whig triends and says he only teills them so to keep, them pn the right side—Who has our lon°- cherished and much loved editor appointed for a drummer tor the Constitutionalist in our county —We see it in the last Weekly that Col. Camel lus Haralson ot S.tqne Mountain, has been favor ed with the appointment. A Whig of the old hard Cider Coon-skin and red-pepney School, who openly and publicly advocated disunion last fall. We have npt a personal acquaintance with this gentleman, whp we understand is quite a talent ed and useful young mam But what do our Editors and Democratic friends think?—Why as I do—“that there are some things that look queer to the eye.” Acquittal of Col. Longi We are informed, and take great pleasure in announcing, that John J. Long, charged with vol untary manslaughter , in the killing of Finney, at Fenn’s Bridge, Jefferson county, last summer, has been acquitted. The trial took place at Louisville, and the jury on Wednesday evening, 4th inst.„ after being out about twenty minutes, returned a general verdict of net guilty. The result was not unexpected to the many friends of Col. Long and the public, generally, conversant with the facts. I———— 11 in ■■ imw——wmwmwi mmi ■ n Georgia Statistics. We are indebted to a friend for the following Statistics of the State of Georgia, derived from the United States Census just completed: POPULATION. Whites, 526,417 Blacks, 382,294 908,711 Value of Real and Personal Estate.*s334,66o 217 Amount State Tax, 328,247 18 County do, $170,803 35 _ T . , $499,050 53 IN umber ol deaths for the year pre ceding Ist June, 1805, $ 9,919 This is a very satisfactory showing in regard to population, property and health. From this statement we derive an argument in fav'or of a change in the present system of tax ation. It is now grossly unjust, and unequal, and bears with oppressive weight upon a small and meritorious class of the citizens of Georgia. The merchants of cities and towns, owning pro perty therein, hear the chief burthens of the State and their respective counties. The wealthy re sident of the country, residing in his lordly man sion and surrounded by every luxury, contri butes, with the exception of the tax on slaves, almost nothing for the support of the government which protects him and his property. His fine la nds bear but a shade more of taxation than the most worthless pine-barren. On either kind the tax is almost nominal. But let us suppose the just and republican sys tem of an equal ad valorem tax be adopted, by vi hich each citizen paid strictly according to the amount of property, whether real or personal, possessed by him and enjoying the protection of the State. The State tax amounts to $328,247 18 We will suppose this is the amount required each year. The real and personal Estate in Georgia is, supposing the Census accurate $334,660,217 00 A tax of one-tenth of one per cent. on this will yield $334,660 02 This is six thousand dollars more than by the present system. If this tax were imposed it would relieve a valuable class of citizens who are greviously op pressed by unjust taxation. It would add materi ally to the prosperity, wealth and population of our cities and towns, give an impulse in them to every species of diversified industry, skill and en terprise which go to make a country prosperous and independent, while it would be oppressive upon none. Government, at least State Gov ernment, might then indeed be felt only in its blessings. It might approximate to a realization of the poetical idea of its influence being like the gentle dews of Heaven, “ falling upon and blessing all.” New York Money Market. —The Journal ol Commerce of Monday evening says: There is no change to notice, money being in better supply than good business paper; the lat ter is in demand at 4 1-2 a 6 per cent, for prime endorsed bills, and 7 1-2 a 9 for unendorsed do.— The shipments of specie last week as noticed this morning, were almost exclusively to Havre by the Franklin, and comprise, it is thought, the last heavy remittances to that quarter for the season. We shall yet make a tew further ship ments to Liverpool. The Africa, which is to sail on Wednesday, has $700,000 in gold engaged and will doubtless take at least half as much more. The Wheat Crop.— So far as we have been ablejfo learn, there will be an abundant harvest | m this and the adjoining counties. Indeed, the accounts from the entire wheat-growing region ol the State are ot the most cheering character, i Other crops here, are beginning to suffer from ! the drought which has prevailed for some time j past. Garden vegetables have suffered much— i Athens Herald. Preserving Wheat.— The wheat is now being harvested and promises an abundant yield. We trust our farmers will use every precaution to shield it from rains and insects. The wheat crop is too often suffered to remain in the field j in small shocks, exposed to the weather and ra vages of birds and vermin, and hence we have an inferior article of flour, attributable to bad mills, when the fault is in the management of the wheat. We want no better bread than ean be made with Georgia wheat, ground by Georgia mu Is. A friend in Jones county some years since, told us that he dried his wheat with heat ed rocks, and was never troubled with the wea vel, Take good sized rocks, make them sufft- , oiently hot to heat without burning the w 1 .a.,*. ! First put into a hogshead or box, a layer of whim then a layer of rocks. About two Wrs of rocks will be enough for a hogahead. We trie, this plan last year, and have not yet seen the bill o. a weave 1 nut Let our frieuds try the experiment, rtfean do no harm, and much loss and labor.— Rotne Courier , on Tbi ra r 110 " ™ E Mootb op iviay, 1 So i .—There have arrived at this port during the month of May, 477 sail of vessels Of"the^vefl ’ rin fijng 38,436 emigrants, pi+v J vs, bnn f in§ these ’ 79 were British. torty-four children have been born during the passages, and 147, mostly infants, have § died on the passage. There have been 114 sail of square rigged vessels from Domestic ports during the same time, making a total of 591.-. V. K Journal of Cotnnwrqe* Faster Yet.— The steamer Reindeer, com manded by Capt. De Groot, came dovrn the river tronn Alabama, on Saturday, in a shorter space of tinrie than the passage has ever before been ac complished in, by this or any other boat. Leav mg Albany at precisely 7 o'clock, she ran by the f /; C^ al i Str f ets in . this after having made all the landings, sixteen minutes before W f °. the run in seven hours at, lorty-lour minutes! As she passed the piers the steamers in port ran up their flags, rung their bells and otherwise manifested the interest felt in this remarkable feat in navigation. A card was drawn up and signed by a number of the iVoll d thL S three clergymen Shires,tat t e y d.lt tantiating the trUth^the Spain has sent to the Crystal Palace a most superb collection of deadly weapons. Among oth ers are a pair of rapiers of TolVdo nTaTSre ?d into ‘lhT’ f*° h ? ndle ® nd sheat L is fashion ./111 pe of a Sllv « r serpent. When sheathed rt forms a complete circle, when drawn LSn the ateei causes it to straighten at once. Some pairs of pistols in wrought iron, damascened over a gold ground eounl to k th d e designs, and are of Wilb f S elllm ‘ S P lenti “ i specimens sa 6 sa ie rwh^ r k o ?„ s thr,W aWay ne6dles A cotemporary calls the practice of women usms; their husband’s title “grotesque vanity’! and he has certainly hit upon a very happy term In almost every case it looks absurd, and in most cases it is positively ridiculous; as, for instance, s mith or Mrs. Chief of Police Brown cL;^ rs ; Mayor Jones, or Mrs. City Marshal bhedd, a Boston paper recently very gravelv an nounced, “attend ball at Lowel” |i) JMflgnftir Reported for the Constitutionalist. Charleston, June G, p. m. Cotton.— There was noting done in cotton in New-York on the 4th insfc. No later news. New York, June s. Cotton.— Sales 1,000 bales, at a decline of ' cent. Middling Uplands quoted at B£. Faber & Co., Cotton dealers, have failed. The jury in the ease of -Shadrach, the fugitive slave, cannot agree. Col. Bigler has been nominated as the Democra tic candidate for Governor of Pennsylvania. The new constitution of Maryland has been a dopted by about 11,000 majority. Charleston, June 6, 8 P. M. Cotton.— 4oo bales were sold to-day, at (U to 9|c. Lower qualities depressed. Higher grades held at very full prices, in consequence of scarcity (Telegraphed for the Baltimore Sim.) Further Per North America. New York, June 3.—The steamship North America, which left Chagres on the 24th of May, arrived last night, bringing California dates to the Ist of May. She brings 400 passengers and SBOO,OOO in gold. The Falcon had not arrived when the North America left Chagres. The intelligence from the California mining regions was of the most gratifying character. (From the Alta California , May 1.) The most important event which has trans pired since the sailing of the steamer of the loth, is the election of last Monday, which resulted in the triumph of the whigs by a majority for city officers ranging from 3to 1,700 vdtes. The de mocrats have elected two aldermen and the whigs six. The democrats also elected lour assistant aldermen and the whigs lour. All the rest of: the whig ticket is elected. Considerable progress has been made by the* commissioners in lormmg treaties with the In dians. Robberies have been so numerous and bold in the vicinity of Monterey, that the people have called upon the Executive lor protection. There has been much snow in the mountains and we have heard of several persons losing their lives by being frozen to death. Since the rain, the mine's have been reported as doing much better than previously; some of the richest specimens of quartz have been brought to this city ever seen, containing more than 3s, per cent, of gold. Some rumors have been afloat that a sec-.j-q ox „ pedition has started for the purpose pos ,„ session of Lower California, but it merely a rumor. 1 • The Legislature has passed an excnr,f from forced sale in certain * It has also passed a law filing the rate of inter est at 10 per cent., and allowing, by snecial agreement, 18 per cent, per annum. ‘ 1 The prospect of a good crop is very favorable the spring rains having been of inestimable value to farmers and gardeners. Business has revived considerably, and the confidence of our citizens in the futurefprogres* of our State is unabated. A company of four persons engageed in a gulch at Placerville, are taking out daily SIOOO or $,230 apiece. A lump of gold was found in the Mari posa diggings, on the 18th ult., which w p;„beH 14 1-2 lbs. On the 23d. two lumps t , out at the same place, one weighing 4 uo lbs" and the other worth $570. On Sato f( ] ay 'f ast ‘ a vein of quartz was discovered on i)‘: r ‘ abuot twenty miles north of Ro. Jgh an j R eaJy or great richness. Business ot every kind revived at Nevada since the late fall ot rain The miners are doing much better at present tnan they have for some months past, A mmoy in the vicinity of Nevada took out a piece oi quartz rock weighing 1 7 lbs Strongly impregnate-:, with gold. It is t-alued at $2,000, and bound close to the .surface. We have heard of several rich discoveries of silver ore iu the country adjacent to Stockton. The* 11 lines says that there are thousands of tons o) tins ore in the region of the Four Creeks. L.t. Brown some ago fouuda vein three feet in thick ness near Carson’s Creek, anti numerous other similar veins have been found. Lynch law is still enforced. The steamships Union. Oregon, and RepubF r* have arrived at Panama. The Union brought 200 passengers and $150,000 in gold dust- S the Oregon 75 passengers, and SBOO,OOO Wo y; dust, the Republic 200 passengers and $\ in gold besides what is in hands of pass bably one million of dollars more. ’ P*° Sandwich Islands.— From +L- 0.,„ , • , Islands we have advices statir „ t a" ‘^ v , ties between the French an i* been amicably adjusted. '"ties had * 1 d J or the Charleston lt Courier) Operate „ New-Ort jEA ns, June 3. 1 advicr '^, are awaiting the ar rival of the Asia's I 1’ a , consequently or |y two thousand ' l a rrt, h beensoltlto-day, ? and those at irregu te coils of Rope have ’Oeen disposed of from 6 "1-4 to 6 3-8. r .. sew5 ew Organs, June 4—8,55 P. M. hundred* 1 ’^ 38 t°-hay, and only seventeen wjip ba,es ; were sold - . The Asia's advices received at seven this evening after busi ne®. had closed. Tlrey reported a ferthing de i u„' f Ll ve rp ool. One hundred tierces of Rice i nave been bought at. - $4. Mm£ r "fc P 7 a ythat the schr. ofd, who A HaTteen S to pretended ratting <* r ; brma ““s> including the Keofthe endFo off “ nd restoration of the nose uix>n his yo,,ns with her anil 1 same operation ting off waslctuall7done wit? n a ra \ nCe th ° heltcrltC' Cl “ ki ° T r- * ™ " TOnC htiTf. 1 11' 1 loud ee-’reams, which tainted a o'? time^from'the T'** tfiTf that the nnen imes irom, the loss oi blood, i" ite Wr 1 ZSzztr t- SghSc7 oi“ ma:te reCoVery ’ bllt - th * down very pleasant time o f7'xhev ’fe “pT 1 a whfTe “ “ le »*«>* threerl'om &8T ¥SJ ne e ar“o7tte e™ yS o, o i ,!,e S ""- “ said to eat weil.lgg 3j£” he "’ “ d are said^nr^R^f^ SS Sophia, what are you making!” 3J' a y lady who was at work on n J nt 4.° -, a certam description. “A Sophy cover, doctor,” was the renlv * P 7 BOOKS! BOOKS !! QCHMITZ S HISTORY of Greece from the ear m, tunes to tho destruction of Corinth. trationsnfS,° n 4° f P , r ° phecy; or Scriptural Illus- Keith BD h ApocaJ yP S0 ’ b y thc Re v. Alexander Part 6, London Labor, <feo. The Gold Worshippers; or The Bays we live in by the author of Whitefriars. ’ Harper’s Magazine for June. of tee W cluntey nd^ rioßail Road Oeide-deseriptiee The above books have been i i SON . JUn6 l THOS. RICHARBS * SON,