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Muaitstau FOR PRESIDENT, ANDREW J U KSO\. VICE-PRESIDENT, MARTIX \\\ BIRE\. MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. HEXKY IWJAMfA.iI. «/ Putnam, vrGrsT!\ s. < l \ vto\. »/' TiioiiAs r. rosTEit, ii. gambu:, (a:ouoi: it. «iliikk, o/ouht^, C’IIAIJIiKS 1:. H \ V MIS, of Hancock, SKAHO!I\ JO.XKS, °f J \H l> II . \V AV \ !•:, "f Chatham, It |C II UM> If. WIM)i:, of Richmond. J Last night's mail brought up the udormation or, •■ e p .. ap e of the Tariff fi ll in the H ousr of Rcpre.. tentative* by 13:2 against 65 rotes.—Detail# in our next.' * FOURTH OF JEEV, The anniversary of American Independence wcseel-j ebmtedmthiacity with the sol«nnity tm! rejoicing? usual such an occasion. We are obliged to defer tl.e P r-1 ttcnlar*. as we hava not been tblc to procure them for day’s paper. TARIFF. The speech of Mr. M. Dlitif., on tl.e Tariff, occupier twenty-three columns <*l the N.» tonal Intelligencer, an . forms a pamphlet of forty-eight paces. We are enabled tu g,ve only extinct* of this speech, which will be found on the first page of our paper. We shall endeavour to; find room m our next, for extracts from the speech o: j Mr. Am cTo.N, of Massachusetts, in answer to Mr. Me- Du gym. AMERICA N N A N K 1 E N S We extract from a Piulurldpliia paper, tie following, inform « A «a. eof o•< lebeenehowmj tons, made of the nankeen colour* J cotton, raised m | Georgia, on the esinte of Senator 1 orr y.h. i- h- 11 ’ • iU | go Uie piece, and i.s finer than the India nankeen oruina. rily worn; still finer samples arc intended to be nuuAi- j laetured. It differs advantageously Irom the India in the important particular of not tauing fi'-m "c .r. iit i the contrary, a sample was show n to as which had been jj ui wear two year-, and had grown oi a darker and r.ch er colour."’ ANSWER TO “GEORGIAN.” Our friend “Georgian” may be disappointed at the | course we have taken; but if the spirit of nullification j, h».d not inksu complete possession ol his sou! and body,,( wc have the certainty tint, left free to see things as they ,j really are, and not us that spirit wishes him to ace them,i ; instead of expressing d : sappoint:nent, he would have ac knowlodged that our course is in periect accordance with the course wc have hitherto pursued, and text we have been, and still arc, stubbornly consistent. We have not been seised with the contagion—we have not been led j into error, l*y the urtiol pra •*•* of designing politicians ,; j n*>r have we abandoned mir j rinciplcß, the just and well j I founded prejudices we once entertained against corrupt j citizens, because we have been tickled by their fulsome jj adulations, flattered by their deceitful praises. There- j fore, “the policy wo have set out with, to justify Geor gia, .aid censure the iiuliifiersof fsouth-f arolina, is not “ tuo worst that we could have adopted.’ I*or, we will roqu- : our friend “ Georgian” to remember, that these same m"n tiers, (the leaders, be it understood,' arc the j I. •f 1 rs of our present difficulties; that with them on gm a ted the sysl> mos internal improvements, the ex penditures millions f-r fortifications, the election of , Mr. Ad ns to th< presi h n y in 1825, and, even, the ta ;.(• 1 ,*• ci «i;) ui, ov il.u ’ aport which Mr, C ...houn. gave .to die tariff of 181 G. That these stune leaders of j ( the ludf'fic rs, were the worst enemies i«c orgia ever had. h, t], iU tier p .i.lic men, from Tr.-up nnd Crawford, to the, 1 .west constable, era u constant theme for tycir abase) aad calumny : that a Georr.an d,.rcd;iot open his mouth,! ( while irm thing ii. So-m-Ca" dimi. in vindication of his | own state —in vu'Oicatim' ol state rights; and that An-j thews. General (lames. Crowed!, and others, opposed to s . the policy then purs-ju by Georgia, were openly de-j sou led in the ll conduct, and urged on to dciy the autho-! ritios cl th** state, mid to put down her rnad Governor, j , The principal leader ol the ntillificrs was the princip.u, author of the difficult.* s which Georgia has hud to en-1 , ». untcr, respecting the Greek aud ( herokce Indians.! , And ret, our friend “ Georgina” says, that our course, . “ increase thus, jealousies and ’.. art burnings, which presort at once the most fonni > .*le obstacle to tnc full i , and complete restoration of onr rights.” Jealousies! ( What! jealousies existing ' ■ ’ vc -. Georgia and South J ( Carolina ! When has Georgia ever shown or manifest ! c 1 any joalci~v of her sister state Vs lion did Geor-. , I i ever covet any thing which South-Cnrolina poßsess-J ai’ Georgia always entertained good will and kind j ( wishes towards Soutli-CoroUnc, so. 1 always rendered full 1 . justice toiler and to her distinguished and patriotic cili-L n ns. •Georgia would have even her votes to Lowndes for th- Presidency, had he lived, after Mr. Crawford; ( and Georgia knows how to appreciate the merits and t virtues of a ( iieves, a Smith, a Miudtt-tvn. and many , other Cirolini ..us we could name. But at the same time* , it must be permitted to Georgia to exclude from the list 1 of the Carolinians fi r whom she has a high regard, the | names of those who hav. been Iter most violent enemies, | ami who, but tor the need they feel of assistance from j tins quarter, w ould still he found among the caiumain-; tors of iter reputation and standing iu tae Lnion. It ts| notii’u : but justice, that w« should » xcept from our de. nune ation, a few distinguished lead. -of the party, who' have been, and are still, liberal lu their feelings and highjj. mimic !, and who lament, a- much as we do, that there’ should exi-t obstacles to a closer union between two states v. nose interests arc set intimately connected. Oar friend thinks that the help of (.’arolina is necessa- * ry for the “ restoration of our rights.” Is this the lan-,| guage of a native born Georgian f When our friend a;id _ las friends were contending against twenty-three states, with die federal government to back them, to what quar ts r dtu he or they apply fir assistance ? W»re not Troup :.;tvi die republican party of Georgia of sufficient strength * to breast the storm, and defy the whole force that Mr. Adams and AG. C tlhoun, Gcnend Guinea atid -Mr. An drews, Col. Crowd! and Sits Indians, could bring in the* field ug.f.ast Goptda ? Did we scad •ecaiit.'ng officers"- hi the adjo.nmg states, to cniis; soiJters lor our defence? At this critical moment of our all rs. did our friend thl-i ter —did Froupp .use—did the party once hesitate ‘ Nod They:;” pushed boldly tor ward—the. had justice on' i'.ieir sid* : th; y hud the just and m ost essential rights of the sir. . •■ >n dntuin; they were strong enough to defy the w> rid in sm a a cause. And w hat was the issue I Th-v were then alone ; and if it requires the like exer tions, t*r the “ rcstoratie*n ol our r.ghts Georgia will* ' be aga i wh.it ho w as. and she will not apply for help to,' . those who, when in need, joined her enemies, and mere. I 1 by inert * d her distresses. \es ; when cur prospects wc e not gloomy; when oar best interests were dis- 1 regarded by the federal government, which was bound j lo protc r them; wiua oar rights were denied, our re- j put.*tion assailed, and our motives impugned—did we sppe&l ' -ho sympathies of our sister state; did we ap peal to the ibrbeuranca and justice of the federal go.; verti.». ..t ? How ccud-i we appeal to the sympathies of 1 y cat sister etete-, when they were all e-ppe-jed tc ue 7 How coul d we appeal to the forbearance and justice of the federal government, when we were threatened w.th an invading army, and with the trial and fate of the trot tor 1 Gavrgia did not require the sympathies and tor beartnee of no one ; she hadjusttce on her side ; f fie hud , her right- to ar.d that was enough to ensure h*r triumph. Wo take this opportunity to observe, and .et it t»e well urderstood, that it is not eur v»ish to tned •ilc wth the local eon.«sme of South Carolina. In our . flicultiee, wc manage ! our affairs ourselves, without toe assurance of one State. It is our inclination, tuere ,ioro, to let South Carolina redress the grievam es o’ ’wl ich ehe otr.pl tuns, in the manner s!.e thinks proper, 'land attain full satisfaction the wrongs sue has sus ,, lamed, how -he pleases; we cannot in any way intor jjfcre, ur!e c - our good wishes for her welfare and the welfare of her citizens, can assist her in her present sit. jj nation. T j join her, we cannot. Her policy and the ■ t •)]: vof Georgia do not coincide. Upon some material poin : «, Soutii Carolina and Georgia are a: issue. The |i nu’iiil rstion party in South Carolina are oppo.-ed to Gen Jackson. ll< has beer, and still is, abu-ed and mder i **d by the p resses of the nullification party. Georgia’s ;hoice in IrOc, was General Jackson; her cuoice m I'■■32, is the svrne citizen. Why has South Carolina i hanged, and Georgia remained firm ? Hus Georgia been more benefitted by the administration or General Jack >on than South Carolina ? Why this hostility to the Pre i lent ’ Can it be because he places more confidence m Georgiims and in the friends oi Georgia, thanin Mr. Cal houn and his friends 7 And yet, eur friend “ Georgian” recommends a political connexion with such men, be cause, says he, there is identity of interests ! We leave t e reader to de’ermine, whether the position assumed by Georgian is tenable, and whether it would not be a. gainst sound policy*, were we to follow th® advice of that writer. The reputation and the dignity if onr State for bid such a connexion at this time. Mr. Calhoun and his friends have * rected a harrier between Georgia &. South C arolinn, which cannot easily be overthrown. We are indeed rorry for it; for no people possess in a higher de gree a more exalted sense of true patriotism, than the Carolinians. No people possess more genuine honour— ■r* more hospitable and kind to their fellow ci'izens o! •the other states, and t# strangers. No people are more sensitive to their just rights and to the rights of their fel low men. Ami no people arc more honourable and uis. interc-ted, in ihur dealings, commercial or otherwise. How comes it to pass that, endowed as they have been by nature with her choicest gifts, they so blindly f i.lo v leaders, whose inordinate ambition will ultimate unpmr the high reputation which the Carolinians now enjoy ? Mr. Calhoun Is not a follower of the party, he is the master spirit of nullification. With him originated their principle?, when he found that the tariff and the internal improvement system could no more be managed to hie advantage. IMr. Calhoun is the author of the celebrated exposition of the parly. | Georgia has never nullified a law- of the federal gov- 1 eminent. Bv the act for the distribution of the Chero- > I * Ikee territory, she does not abrogate the title the Chero-1 kecs may have to the land they actually occupy and culti vate. By that net they are not dispossessed of their houses and turned adrift, in the wide world, without clothing, ' without food, and without shelter. The Cherokeee arc allowed to remain upon the land they occupy and rult : - rate, as long as they please. Is this nullifying existing | treaties nr.d the intercourse law ? Is the extending of our laws, an act of nullification ? It is, if our friend Georgian j admits the validity of the decision of the Supreme Court. ; Jlf he does not admit this validity, then it is no act of; nullification, for by the treaties, and by the intercourse law, which wchavc taken the trouble to read again, net one word is mentioned about Georgia being prohibited j from extending her laws over all the territory embraced within her chartered limits. And it is now admitted by j some of the ablest statesmen and jurists of America, thaj ; Georgia had ihe right to extend her laws over the Che-. rokee Territory ; though this right has been denied by j Chief Justice Marshal!, inconsistently with former decis ions, which admitted the right in Georgia to sell the land in the possession of the Indians. And certainly if Georgia had iho right to sell, she had the right to place ithe laud under her laws. It is then with a bad grace, that our friend “Georgian,” in defence of his cause, should advance an argument which goes far to impair the ' credit to which Georgia is entitled for Imr stand in be half of state rights, and to doubt the correctness of the i principles which actuated the Troup party in defence of, the rights of Georgia, when assailed by the IrieuJs of Mr. Adams and Mr. Calhoun. Our friend “Georgian” exults at the argument he ; brinus forward in defence of nullification, that Georgia| nullified the new treaty. We deny the correctness of the argument, and we shall prove that it is altogether fallacious. We declare it to be our opinion, that in that instance, there was no nullification exercised on the part of Georgia, in the sense that nullification is taken in Sourh-Carolina. A treaty had been concluded with the Creeks, in the customary forms. That treaty received the consideration its importane'e demanded, from the President and the Senate, and was ratified by them, and became thereby the supreme law of the land. Bv this treaty Georgia became a party and invested with certain rights to certain properly, if before that treaty! she had none, which we deny. We say, that by this! treaty, the moment it was ratified, Georgia became vest ed with property whicli the federal government acquir- j ed from the Creeks for her own use only. That treaty , was perfect in all its parts ; and Georgia became a par- 1 ty to it immediately after its ratification by the Senate.! Could any power on earth cancel the obligations of that treaty, without the consent cf the party most interested? We put the question to our friend “Georgian,” who is well versed in the law of nations, end in the laws of his own country—was there any authority in the United States which could cancel that treaty, without the ap probation of Georgia ? This old treaty was declared to be null and void by another treaty, ratified bv the Pre sident and Senate. Was Georgia consulted, and her consent requested ? Could the federal government dis- j possess Georgia of the rights she had acquired by the °-d treaty No.—l an the federal government, bv trea t\, com j\ » *\y any pornon ol tlio ternrorv cf n. n - | -No-—How then could the federal government take up.’ [on itself to dispose of a portion of the territory of G* or. gia, without her consent ? The new treaty was a fla. grant act of usurpation on the part cf the federal go. veminent, and as such null and void, and as such consi dered by Governor Troup. The federal government niu actutuiy nullified a solemn contract, without the consent oi ail :ne part es to it. Georgia would not sub. mu to this act ot nullification: she declared herself tor the law ot the land—theo/i/ treaty had become this law, and no power on earth, except physical force, could na\f aoregated it, without the consent ot Georgia. Respecting tne doctrine of nullification, we re ter the reader and our triend “ Georgian,” to the article pub-' iished in our paper ot the 26:a June, under the s.gna r,.re ol “ Oglethorpe,” which explains the subject much better than we could do it ourselves. M e said thu: the people of a nullifying state, in pla cing tncmsolves in opposition to a federal law, subject' themselves to trial for treason, and punishment, if found guilty, should they bo taken in resisr.ng the operations' oi a law. of an unconstitutional law of the ledeiu. go vernnient. Is this proposition so strange that it should have startled our friend “Georgian”? The tariff is an unconstitutional law; but the Supreme Court, and a tna jority of the people of the United States believe that ;aw to be constitutional. South-Caroliaa nullifies that law. Nullification implies resistance to the provisions of the law, if attempted to be enforced. The federal government attempts to enforce the law in Souta-Caro • Toe people cf the State rei.it. A «<»&« en s Dues; blood is ?bed ; some c.'izeus of Souti. Carolina i fare taken with arms ;n their hands in rcsi.-ting tne taw . lithe UECojistitutioaal ia'-v ot Congress. I hoy are carri . i!e-d to Washington city, and tried. By whom ? By a }!|court which admits the constitutionality of the law. . j And that tr.bunal adimtung the constitutionality of the ; law, for what offence the citizens of South-Carolina taken prisoners, art to be tntdJ«V what is the penal } at r Racked to the crime ? Oar friend is a lawyer and a t’j lav.-... rof eminence—he can answer the question. Woulil these men be condemned to a cap lira puuisament, t (for resisttmr a law—an unconstitutional law ol tVn ■!gress ? Our iriend will remember taat though substan - • ual'y uncons itutional, the tariff a t ot I?2S, received i troni its framers a constitutional cerb, tor it is wc.i > !known that Mr. Randolph proposed to amend the pre . i.tmble so as to correspond with the bony of the bill. 1 Mr. Randolph's motion was rejected. And where is i Ithe I hated States Court that would declare such a law )| , h unconstitutional In ■onchisioQ we must observe, i.tat we have been ob ! k_i d, in self-defence, and perhaps with much warmth, to .: retrace circumstances, as regards Georgia and the par , hes which divided the citizens, taat shou.J be buried in ( J jt>!iv , >ii. V\ 6 can asßur6 our patron?, iliat, h^rcaiicr, , j nothing b tit an imperious sense ot public duty, will draw j from u : statements and expressions which could in the least d gree revive tiie angry feelings that existed du , ■ ring the period alluded to in the foregoing remarks. Those an pry feelings have subsided, the party distinc . tions still remain. Bat how gratifying must it be to the good citizens of either party, to find that on most of the great questions w inch now agitate the country, both par ; | ues mute, and form but one phalanx I Upon the right o* |the State to extend her laws over the Cherokee Tern ! tory; upon the policy of organizing that territory into a county; upon the propriety ofrcsisring the mandate of the Supreme Court, in the case of the Missionaries ; up on the expediency of distributing among the citizens, the 1 ends unoccupied by tho Chcrokees and uncultivated, 1 there is but one voice. All parties appear to feel for the reputation and dignity of their State —all parties appear 1 to have at heart her welfare and the welfare ol her in creasing population. Upon the measures of the federal administration, there is also but one sentiment; and why I •!. uuld they not agree likewise in the choice of tho c e best | calculated to administer the federal government, for the four rears after ihe ua March next? Why should they i not agree m calling a convention for revising and amend- I ing our state constitution ? If the partialities we eater- i tain for our friends cannot be conceded ; if by honour a . ble means, w e attempt to place them in other, let not | : those partialities blind us to such a degree, as to lead us i to sacrifice the best interests of Georgia, merely for the purpose of gratifying the ambition of our friends. And, especially, let the friends that we push forward for the I suffrage of the people, be good men and true, who would, | if defeated, in imitation of the Spartan, thank God, that j thera were men in the republic possessing more rirfue ; than they did. In taking leave of our friend “Georgian,” we can assure him, that we shall hail with pleasure, the I day, w hen he and ourselves shall again have but one po j litical mind; when our political friendship shall be placed | on such a footing, as to be as lasting and fervent as the 1 personal regard we entertain for him. i COMMUNICATIONS. ■ i i - . —■■ ■ | THE ASIATIC OR SPASMODIC CHOLERA. Messrs. Editors :—The following medita tions concerning a most fatal disease, which is i now exciting the attention of the whole medical : world, 1 have penned down, not that I am pre sumptuous enough to prescribe with full assur j mice of success, for a malady which has at once | baffled the skill of the most eminent of the phy-j { sicians of Europe, but I wish merely to offer my j 1 opinion in conjunction with others w ho have pre -1 ceded me, on this subject. ▼ « A\ iihout entering in a long detail of symp j toms, which announce the fell destroyer, 1 shall expose, in this essay, the treatment, which seems! to be proper in the conducting of an attack of j ; this disease to a salutary termination. We all; know that time ispiecious, and a minute lost,! may endanger the life of a patient. The dis ease makes such rapid progress to a fatal termi , nation, that those remedies which have not a po sitive effect, are us-, less. Then, it should be ne ; cossary, ns soon as we ascertain the actual exis tence of the disease (which can be easily done bv those plain symptoms so frequently laid down by | writers on this malady) to act with the utmost : promptness and energy. I will divide the treatment in four different i parts. Ist. To excite and re-establish the equilibri um of the vital powers. 2d. To obviate and prevent bilious conges tions in the organs. 3d. 1 o re-establish the natural secretions. 4th. To prevent and obviate the spasm. Ist. M e will establish the circulation of the blood, by the application of leeches to the ex t remities and to the jngulary arteries, which will answer better than the letting of blood, which cannot oe performed but on one part only, and l without weakening the patient. We will" re-es tublish the heat, by strong sinapisms, made ouU of mustard, garlic, vinegar, and essence of tur-j pentine, applied to the extremities, if the slna- j pisins are too long to operate a revulsion, then a* towel, dipt in boiling water, and applied to the! part on which we will put the sinapisms, will de stroy the epidermis and the sinapisms will cer tainly have a prompt and powerful etfect, with the addition, if it is necessary, of warm cata plasms oi corn-meal and table-salt, or warm j bricks applied to the sole of the feet, i 2d. M e will prevent and obviate the bilious congestions in the organs, by re-establishing the.’ , evacuations of that fluid, of which the stools; | and vomiting seem to be entirely deprived, by j its stagnation in the choledochus, (gall-bladder) | the administration of a grain of emitic, repeat-! ; ed«every half hour, will create a powerful vomit- j ing, and occasion bilious evacuations, and by this: means, prevent the congestion of that fluid in ihe! organs ; or calomel, in a long dose, united to! one grain of pulverised opium, will also be ne-l cessary to start the bilious evacuations; the opi-| uni will ease the violent pains in the intestines. I The dose must be repeated till the desired effect. | 3d. We will re-establish the natural secre-i : tions of the perspiration, by warm baths. I would recommend the following one, as the path; eutsare generally too weak, A: cannot be moved. I would have them stripped, and laid on a blank . ket; over them I would secure two hoops, over which I w ould spread two or three blankets which would cover the patient, except his head ; under j ihe hoops, I would introduce an alcoholic lamp, j which would hear the air underneath, and, in a ; r short time, create an abundant perspiration,! which would, also, accelerate the circulation of j the blood, and consequently increase the veloci ty oi the pulse; then, alter a desired* perspira -1 t.on, I would cover the patients with a warm blanker, who would, bv degrees, recover their natural warmth. e w ill re-estabush the secretion of the kid- i nies by emollient beverages, with the addition of* nitre, as follows : a table spoonful of flax-seed,' a table spoonful of eider-flu vers, boiled in a quart of water; to take a tumbler fall every 1 - •hour or two hoars, with the addition cf a tea rijsooonful of spirits of nitre. .j! ‘ 4th. Wc will prevent or obviate the spasms - 'bv usiii fr large closes oi sulphuriceiiicr, ioiix oi i i fifty drops oi ether in a cup iufl Oi aromaoc, if . i we*wish to keep a constant perspiration, h not, ' ! ;l cup full of emollient beverage, which will al i||so add to the secretion of the perspiration, or - i fifteen or t wenty drops of spirit ot hartshorn, in . | a cup full of the same tea or beverage, or one 1 jiff ram of pulverised opium, m a tea spoonful ol ■ j honey or svrup, or twenty-five drops oi Lauua -'iuura of Sydenham, in a cup full of lea or beve -jl rage. Those doses must be repeated according Ml to the intensity of ihe spasms. I The vegetable acids have been used with suo -:j cess in many pestilent diseases; the fermented •f vegetable acids neutralize tho acidities of tne ' | fluids of the stomach, dilute the bile and keep it vl! in a fluid state, prevents and stops the vomiting. ■: increases the secretions cf the pours and the ■ kidneys, and helps the evacuations of the diluted y bite from the bowels. A w ine glass full of the best lemon-juice, with a small quantity of sugar, A repeated every hour, until tlie secretions and ,| the bilious evacuations will be re-established, ■' w it! no doubt bo very beneficial. ’' External heat has been very useful in many instances. Dr. While, a celebrated physician 1 1 in Madras, attended one of his servants, who rc •[( covered by frictions and external heat, without II any other remedies. From twenty to thirty >' grains of carbonate of magnesia, in sweet milk, - every half hour or every hour, have been very ‘ successful in many cases. Several physicians ■' have recommended to try galvanism. Dr. Wil *' son Philipps has proved that the galvanic fluid t| can supply the want of the nervous energy ol -the vital functions. “ | Physiology of the Disease. —By some un ■ i known causes, the nervous or vital energy are ri suddenly abated, the action of the arteries di ■! minish, the secretions cease to be regular, the ■j functions of the lungs, heart, liver, stomach, in k test in es, kidneys, and the brain, are out of order, ’ | the blood does not receive the necessary part 1 oxigen. but accumulating the carbonic acid with j the bilious and ural elements. Cease to renew' |; the exhausted strength; the blood ceases to cir ri dilate in the small ramifications; the veins of Ijsouie arteries ceases to return the blood which I j they have received from the small arteries, and | j consequently become overloaded by every suc -1 hceeding pulsation; the vital principles suddenly j diminish, or are concentrated on some particu jjlar parts of the muscular system, from that the ' vital functions diminish, and in a short time the 1 j|patient arrives at a.state incompatible with life, jj Ido not pretend to open a new road, and guide • the learned members of the faculty. My ob iject in publishing this mode of treatment, is to 'make every one able to act on the first appear-i . ancc of the contagious disease. (I do not pro-: 1 nounce, by this, on its contagious or non conta gious effects.) If any of the readers differ in j opinion with me, do not judge too severely, if 'jj is probable that in a short time, facts will prove jiu ho are in the right or in the w rong, you or I. ; If I am in the wrong, I will be disappointed, and Imy mode of treatment will have the same fate jof a great many others, but if 1 am the least in i j the right, I will be happy, a thousand times hap-j ■ py, that many years of my life, devoted to the } ! practice of medicine, have given a little light for! '! ihe treatment of this new' plague. : ! A. H. ftf. D. j ... FOR THIS CONSTITUTIONALIST. I The following Essay was originally prepared for the Medical Journal, published at Philadelphia, and was read before the Medical Society of Augusta, Geo. by Dr. Paul F. Eve. As that Periodical will not appear i before next August, a committee was appointed to re | quest a copy for publication, in the papers of this city : Augusta, June 30, 1832. ; Believing it criminal to withhold from the Medical profession any thing on the Cholera Morbus at this moment, and conceiving it a du ty to comply with the request and solicitation of the editor of the American Journal of the Medical Sciences, I send you the following ob servations w hich were made last summer while I wais in Europe. I had felt a reluctance to make a further communication to the public on this engrossing subject, which w r as warranted and justified from my late situation in the Polish army; my time and attention having been al !most exclusively devoted to surgical cases, and: | opportunities of investigating this disease hav-| j ing been comparatively limited. If it is thought, | (however, that my observations, imperfect as: they arc, and that my opinion, humble as it is, can in any way serve my felknv-labourers in! the treatment of this modern plague, I most will-! ingly and cheerfully present them my views on! the subject. As I have neither time or inclination to write) a long article, 1 will briefly state the principal: symptoms of the Asiatic Cholera Morbus, the! I appearances on dissection, and then deduce from ! them the treatment. An attack is usually pre j ceded by diarrhoea or by uneasiness in the sto mach and bowels for some da}'s, or is suddenly announced by vomiting and purging, commenc ing about 3 o’clock in the morning, when the | j temperature is lowest of the 24 hours ; and is | followed and accompanied by cramps or spasmo-j | die contractions of the abdomen. There i-sj grvat prostration of the animal powers; shrink-! ing of the external parts, particularly of the; features, which assume in many places as well ) j as the fingers and toes, a leaden or purple ap-|! ; i pearance ; a cold and moist or even a wet skin, ■ I conveying when felt, the sensation of touching I, a frog; great thirst; the tongue is blue and j cold, or moist and partly covered with a white I | fur; the pulse is either imperceptible at the' wrist oris quick, frequent, feeble and intermit-! I I ting: respiration is slow and very difficult; the 1 1 voice is much altered, questions and answers be ■ j ing made in a low whisper ; the secretions, par ■j ticularh’ of the kidnies, are diminished, except j into the alimentary canal, where they are alter j ed and augmented, without however any bile ; ; •• purging and vomiting, sometimes one only, but : generally both ; first the contents of the sto ; much and intestines are discharged, and then a peculiar whitish fluid resembling rice-gruel or sero-alburninous matter ; and lastly, cramps of the extremities, most frequently of the legs, and! . j which may be compared to a bayonet piercing! ■ j the calf or most muscular part. !| The appearances after death, were almost con •j stantly the same. The external parts were ve • ry much diminished in size ; the extremities, the nose, lips, eye-lids, cheeks, <kc. wereef a blue ■ ish-or livid colour, and the skin was wrinkled up on the hands and feet. The vessels of the brain 1 in some subjects contained black blood, but gen i' eraliy there was nothing peculiar in the contents |ut the cranium. There was more blood in the) i spine, probably arising from position. The; , lungs and large vessels were filled with a ,; fluid resembling tar in colour and consistency. .’(Two hours after death it was liquid and appear ed like venous blood ; but at 24 hours it seemed i deprived of sercsity and of the property of co- h j agulation, nnd albuminous concretions wereji I found in the heart. The stomach and intestines , j were.either empty or contained matter similar 'j to the vomitings and purgings; their coats were i contacted and paler than in a natural state, or as was most frequently the case, presented all ■ the varieties from congestion to sub-inflamma tion. The liver and vena portse were distended {with black blood, and the gall bladder with to •j nacious, dark yellow, or green bile. In almost j every case the bladder was found empty anu ! contracted. •I From the above symptoms and results of post-1 | mortem examinations, it would seem that the': I pathology of the cholera morbus may be explain-1; ! ed by a want of oxegenation of the blood, which;; | becoming surcharged with carbon is unfit to s* i-1; piulate the heart to contraction, and hence tlie[j congestion upon the internal and vital organs at j the expense of the surface and extremities. I With this pathological view of the disease, and! from the positive fact of there being a cent ripe-1 tal action of the blood, is easily deduced the principle of conducting its treatment —the equi librium of the circulation must be restored or, death will ensue. Now, mechanically speak-1 ing, there arc two ways of affectingthis object.; either by introducing a power which will givei the blood a centrifugal direction, or calling it; back to the surface, by direct external applica-j tions. Dul the animal economy is governed by | other as well as mechanical laws ; the vital pro perties of the heart arc oppressed, its energy is! diminished, and its power of reaction impaired: by an accumulation ol blood, and this is pecu-i liarly the case when the blood is black or not 1 ‘ oxegenated ; the stimuli or powers introduced, to rouse its action would therefore be worse than useless ; besides, wa usually address the heart! through the stomach, which is in such an irri table state as to reject, even the mildest article. Upon the surface, on the contrary, there is a I want of action, and stimuli arc calledf for to ex-1 cite the skin ; to restore its lost or increase its; feeble circulation, and thus draw the blood and heat from the internal parts to the extremities, j The plan of treatment which 1 have found]! most successful, consisted in varying the follow-!; ing means according to circumstances. With-') in the first four hours after an attack, bleeding; will generally be necessary; but when pros-) tration has ensued and when the surface is co-j vered with cold sweat, leeches to the epigastric j region, or cupping followed by warm tomenta- j tions or mustard plaster or blister, together withj frictions and heal to the extremities, will afford the greatest and most speedy relief. Notwith standing the various and multiplied articles of; the materia medica which have been rccom-j mended, as opium, calomel, oxide of bismuth,j I cainput oil, spirits, Ac. to allay vomiting and,; purging and calm spasms, I must give my de-|| | cided preference to dermoid applications, which | iinvite the blood from the heart, lungs, liver,) stomach, &c. the congestion of which produces: these symptoms. Ido not deny that there arC| cases which can be, and arc relieved by medi-|; jcincs; but, since we possess no remedy which can drive die blood from the centre to the sur-,i face—since all internal medicines are apt toex-jj | cite vomiting, one of the most painful, distress-j| j ing and fatal symptoms of cholera —and more-ji 1 over, since we possess means which can be ea- j sily managed and varied to suit, circumstances, { and whose action is plain and evident to the sen-:! ses —I cannot forsake them to launch upon the; sea of experiment and conjecture, in the treat-! ment of this rapid disease. The language of| those who advocate the administration of inter-j nal remedies, is to give so much of a mixture j): or so many pills, and if they produce vomiting,\\ repeat the dose ; but if a cure is to be effected i by relieving the symptoms, why give those me- I; dicines which excite or aggravate them ? An infusion of pepper-mint, or the oil or essence of , this plant, with a few drops of laudanum, in a ; little warm brandy and water, is what 1 have j found best adapted for internal use ; and even \ this should be prohibited when it produces vom- t iting. This symptom is often so distressing and so easily excited, that the stomach will reject;!] whatever is presented to it. fn such cases, I. > rely upon the horizontal position, perfect rest, \< and heat and frictions to the abdomen and ex- ; ( tremities. without administering any thing inter- }- nally. The warm bath 1 have known to be of 1 1 great service, but the time necessary to pre- j i pare it and the exposure of' the body to the air,: i are serious objections to its general t mployment. i The same will not hold good in relation to the ( vapour bath, where the patient can be kept con- t tinually warm. Excessive thirst is best rehev- ( ed by cold gum water, or by a piece of ice dis- ;» solved in the mouth. is Having enjoyed an opportunity of comparing!} i the practice of the English, French, German and ;j i Poles, while stationed at Warsaw, in the months |f of May, June, July, and August, of the past |£ year, and having experienced personally the i disease, I feel some confidence in recommending :■ the above treatment of the Cholera, to the Ame-j i rican practitioner of Medicine : And in support) t of its correctness and superiority, I will state that jj; at Wisnia, a town of Gallacia,out of24opersonsj|< attacked with it who were subjected to cutaneous} 1 frictions, and to the internal use of only an infu-i sion of camomile and pepper-mint two alone died.' 'lt To prevent an attack of cholera, cleanliness qt and sobriety ought to be most rigidly observed, jjl ! All sudden or great impressions upon the sys-1) 1 ■tern, as changes in the temperature of the air.|h cold and moisture, or emotions of the mind, ex- ! ; f cessive joy, fear, and the depressing passions,:}; should be carefully avoided. The body to be);i 1 kept moderately warm, a belt of flannel is re- jc I commended to be worn ; and the mind calm, andjj t confiding in a protecting Providence. The diet}!* should be regular, and without any material;); change in the accustomed repasts. Emetics and j i purgatives are to be avoided, and certain arti- ( cles of nourishment which arc known to predis- < jpose to colic, or cholera affections; these arc tj j bad beer, sour-croxrt , cabbage, salad, beans or j } peas, spinage, cucumbers, pickles, unripe scurjj ■ 'fruit, musk and water melons, cold meats, sour 1 . muk, &c. Good soups, beef, mutton, veal, fowls. : j eggs, Irish potatoes, bread, & tea in preference:} to coffee, should constitute the principal food of, those who inhabit an infected district. jji After all that has happened to admonish us, w c jj l can still hope that the cholera may not reach the}}' j Southern States. Its general course hasber-nfo ,north-westward!}*; from Calcutta it reached the'!/ }j Russian Empire; from Constantinople it passed i ij to Great Britain. Although it existed in Hun- Ijgary and in \ ienna, still Lombardy, Switzer land, and Italy, have escaped ; and the same 1 I I thing is applicable to France d: Paris, in relation ( }to Spain and Portugal. It has not even existed 1 i hi cities of the South of France, and Quebec and 1 ; Montreal are nearly in the latitude of Paris; be- J i sides, these two Canadian cities are remarkable < ' as being the most filthy & ill-ventilated of Ame-j f I nca. If it has progressed in a north westward-j i ly direction, and if it has avoided a southern lati- < tude in Europe, why may wc not escape it* ;i dreadful ravages ? Let us, however, be'preparcd to meet it, that if it ever does come, wc may so ready to cure the distressed, to relieve the as. flieted, and to lessen the sufferings of the dying victim. Mr. Grier ; 1 have received your first num. ber of the Georgia Constitutionalist, and regret to say, that I am disappointed atthe course it has taken. lam not alone in the expression of sur prise that vox should have been seized with ti e contagion, already too prevalent among ou; ; leading politicians, for the sound health of t;,- (l body politic, of attempting distinctions where none exist. lam about to write plainly; I she | therefore need your indulgence; do not let •: : impair our personal friendship, as from me an . . assurance ofliigh personal regard would add but little to the evidence you already have ofmy csteem. You have taken up the idea that it necessary to inveigh against Mr. Calhoun and Nullification. 1 have too much confidence in | % , your talents and good sense, to ascribe this de termination to on error of the head. My knovl. edge of your private and political integrity, so . bids me for a moment to charge it to a vied I■ j heart, or to a want of that independence wrhn ! has always distinguished jour character and your opinions. 1 believe, as I always have corn , that j our object is to promote the public good. 4 But the policy you have set out with, to Georgia and censure, the Nullifiers of Carolina, j is the very worst that you could have adopted, and can never lead to any beneficial result, but ] must, if pursued, increase those jealousies and ; heart burnings, which present at once the me*. | formidable obstacle to the full and complete re- < storatiou of our rights. A course of conduct t which weakens one’s own cause, is certainly to < be avoided, if prudence is consulted. The idea- i thy cf our interests, and the peculiarly excited s situation in which Carolina now s: a nils to tlu i government of the United States, if wc intend to ; relieve ourselves from the oppressions of which « ue are daily complaining, requires from us sup 'port, and not crimination. The measures taken i ! against her by the general government, will, no t ! doubt, depend very much upon the I’eeimgs man- i | ifasted for or against her, by her southern sisters: * If they repudiate her, she is at once lost ; Uu: a her sisters will follow her destiny. The dibit.* f of the republicans throughout the Union, arc 1 laudable, having no other object but to secure « to their follow citizens, an fid ministration of the f government upon its legitimate principles. The 1 majority being against them, all hopes of the x redeeming vixdue of the ballot box, are pretty s well extinguished. There is, then, no other I wav that the constitution can he restored to it? t puritj', but by a resort to the power of the States f !in their sovereign character. South-Carolina is 1 | the only state which can calculate with certain- t ty upon a majority bold enough to assert her ’ t rights. It is all important, to her and to them, £ that the disciples of the constitution should sup. i port her, wherever thcj r may ho found, nojuatter c jhow great may be the majorities against thorn, 1 j Reproach Mr. Calhoun, if you choose, whenever t land about whatever lie may deserve reproach ; t l but do not, for the purpose of more oilectually x | rendering odious a correct and indispensable f | principle, designate him as the le ad ami loader 1 of a doctrine of which he is only a follower. j Moreover, I implore you, for the sake of your ' !country, because of the influence of the press * ujica the public mind, not to abandon your prin- . £ cinles because Mr. Calhoun Is found supposing t them. This appeal might well he made ton large portion of the democratic respect; hi lily of G cor- c gin, whose objection to South-Carolina nuilifica- % tion, rests more upon their prejudices, (perhaps s just,) against a few, a very Jew, politicians in that 1 state, than upon any difference of principle, ’ when contrasted with Georgia nullification. To applaud the one, and censure the other, argius a a want of candour, which always weakens a % just cause. To attempt a distinction between ” them, is evidence of distrust of the propriety of * our own coifrse. f You have extracted from the Warren! on Re ral Cabinet, an article full of taunt and ridicule, v w hich you have vouchsafed to the public to be a ® correct view of Soutb-Carolina nullification, and of the principle upon which Georgia acted; which asserts “that the practical nullification cf h _ Georgia is essentially different from the doctrine now maintained by South-Carolina.” It coji- * tends that, “ Georgia has not attempted in those instances, (alludingto the extension of our Jaws * over the Cherokces,) to nullify any act of any ! tribunal, but on the contrary, it i.s the Supreme a Court attempting to nullify the criminal statutes a of Georgia.” If this article had not so respon- I siblc an endorser, a rational man would most " aptly consider it a feeble effort at irony; but as it appears from jour recommendation, to be in- ° tended for argument, it is entitled to such notice ° as will expose it to the country as the poorest and shallowest sophism of which the subject is susceptible. Excuse me for the freedom of long- ' ' uage, for it is neither your intelligence or in- \ tegrity that I impugn; but the mistaken, illiber- P* al, and, indeed, 1 may say, the suicidal policy of our party, which fills my heart with sorrow, }) that I condemn. Permit mo to make the comparison between the Georgia practical, and the South-Carolina st theoretical nullifications: the one so wise, so fL bold, so peaceable ; the other so foolish, so ini- . beetle, so treasonable, carrying in its train civil war, disunion, and, ultimately, subjection to foi*eign powers; and let us see if the most acute eye, combined with the most penetrating intellect, is able to distinguish the least shade of difference in their principles or their practice or their probable consequences. I'he picture is a ( -'. short one, with but few, j r et all tiie delineations, and can be soon and acurately surveyed; and j 1 though not drawn by a master, nevertheless, has | the advantage of its lineaments being unobscur- |- ed by colorings. « tt Ihe Lmted States made a treatj‘ many years i h ago, guarantying to the Indians, tfie lands upon r( which they reside. By subsequent treaties, that guarantee has been repeatedly renewed. A majority oi Congress passed the Intercourse so Law, by which, as well as by the treaties, the ] a Indians are secured from the encroachment of r < the whites. In defiance of these authorities, tl Georgia has passed acts not only to extend her S f own state-laws over the territory thus guarantied tl and secured to the Indians, but even a law to f c ■survey and distribute the country among her }* people, reserving to the Indians just so much, f e and no more, as her legislature thought proper. 1* Is there a man in this or an\ r other state, whose ©] mind is sufficiently capacious to conceive one ci distinct idea, who will not unhesitatingly declare ft the late acts oi Georgia, in relation to the Che- p] rokees, to be acts of nullification? They nulii iy the treaties, and the\* nullify the act of Con- *io gress, that is, they render void and inoperative u - p l his state, the treaties and laws of the United w States of America. Again, the constitution do- n: dares, that all treaties and all the laws made hi