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THE COAST ITLTIO AA E IST.
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IJEI'OIiT
OF THE
Jpont-iTI/entcr- Gen crai.
General Post Office Department,
November 30th, 1c32.
To the President of the United Stoles.
Snt: The following report of the transactions
of this department, with its progress and pros
pects, is respectfully submitted.
Experience has demonstrated the fact, that
such improvements as facilitate intercourse by
travelling, and at the same time increase the
expedition and frequency of mails on the great
lending routes, while they strengthen the bands
of friendship, and promote both the moral and
pecuniary interests of the country, bring an in
crease of revenue to the department more than
equivalent to the increase of expenditure which
they occasion. But the expense for transpor
tation must be incurred before the revenue can
be realized. I have therefore, within the year
ending the first of July last, given an increase to
the transportation and celerity oi the mails, lur
beyond lhatof any former year. Anticipating
the law of the last session of Congress tor the
establishment of a greater number of new post
routes than was ever before established in one
year, it was deemed expedient, preparatory to
meeting their expense, to make great improve
ments uppn such routes, and to confine them
principally to such routes as would tend in a
■till greater degree, to enhance the revenues of
the department, and in time to render that in
crease available to the expenses of the new
routes which might he established. The pro
gress of mail transportation is as follows:
The annual transportation of the mail was,
On the Ist July, 1829, 13,700,000 miles
“ Ist July, 1830, 14,500,000 “
“ Ist July, 1831, 15,468,692 “
Ist July, 1832, 23,625,021 “
The increase of the annual transportation of
tho mail was,
From July 1, 1829, to July 1, 1830, 800,000 miles
“ July I, 1831, to July 1,1831, 968,632 “
“ July], 1831, to July 1, 1832, 8,156,329 »•
The length of post roads in the United States
was, on the first of July last, exclusive of those
established by the law of the last session of
Congress, 104,467 miles. In New-Uork,
12,306 miles; Pennsylvania, 9,783 ; Virginia,
9,542 ; Ohio, 8,060 ; North Carolina, 6,465 ;
Georgia, 4,171 miles, &c.
Over these roads, the annual transportation of
the mail was, on the Ist of July, 1832, in stages
12,222,743 miles; in steam boats 499,301 miles:
on horse-hack and in sulkies 6,902,977 miles;
total, 23,625,021 miles. In Georgia* 282,598
miles in stages, and 374,236 miles on horse
back and in sulkies; total in Georgia, 656,834
miles.
The increase of transportation within the
year cnding' July 1, 1832, has been,
In stages and steamboats, 5,993,696 miles.
On horseback and in sulkies, 2,162,633 “
Making together, as above, 8,156,329 miles.
Equal to more than half of the whole annual
transportation in the United States, in 1829.
Among the improvements made in thetrans
p®rtation of the mail, from July I, IS3I to June
30, 1832, are the following :
The mail between the Atlantic States and New'
Orleans, till November last, was transported but
thre« times a week. New Orleans being the
mart for all the western States, and the principal
medium of mercantile intercourse between them
and the commercial cities on the sea-hoard, the
increase of mail facilities on the great mail route
to N. Orleans was a subject of deep interest both
to the agricultural and commercial communities
of more than Imlfthe Union. The whole of this
line was therefore, from December last, improv
ed into a daily line of four horse coaches and
steamboats, for the distance of 937 miles, be
tween Macon, Georgia, (where the daily line
formerly ended,) and the city of New Orleans;
and, with such increased expedition, that the
mail is now transported from New Orleans to
Washington city in civen days and fourteen
hours; to Baltimor in eleven days and twenty
one hours ; to Philadelphia, during tho steam
boat navigation, in twelve days and nine hours;
and to New York in thirteen days.
The mails which were formerly transported
but three times a week between Augusta, Geor
gia, and Savannah, 116 miles, and from Augusta
to Charleston, South Carolina, 144 miles, have
both been improved into daily routes, in four
horse post coaches, extending tho same advan
tages tothosocitics which were enjoyed by others
in their intercourse with New Orleans, and with
the flourishing mercantile towns through the
centre of Georgia.
The routes from Columbia and from Camden, |
South Carolina, to Charleston, have been in
creased from tri-weekly to daily linos of post
coaches.
A line of mail stages has been established from
tho mouth ofSt. John’s river, to St. Augustine,
by means of which the communication by stages j
is extended from the northern States along the
borders of tho ocean, to St. Augustine. This
is the first stage route established in East Flori
da.
Tho route from Norfolk, V irginia, by Eden- j
ton, North Carolina, Newborn, Wilmington, and
Smithville, to Georgetown, South Corolina, lias
been improved into a tri-weekly line of four horse
post coaches, connecting with the steamboat mail
between Baltimore and Norfolk, and such ex
pedition given to the whole, that the mail on that
line is carried to Charleston, South Carolina, in
steamboats and post coaches from Philadelphia to
Norfolk, 300 miles, in twentyeight hours, to
Edenton, 37S miles, in forty-two hours : to New
born, 470 miles, in 58 hours: to Wilmington,
588 miles in eighty hours : and to Charleston
766 miles, in five days & two hours.
The route from Salem, North Carolina, to
Shown’s cross roads, Tennessee, and thence to
Knoxville, 252 miles, has been increased from
once to twice a week, in post coaches, perfecting
a line of coaches from Norfolk, Virginia, and
from Raleigh & Fayetteville, N«rth Carolina, to
Knoxville and Nashville, Tennessee.
The route from Bean's station, Te., to Lex
ington and t rankfort, Ky., has been improved
from a semi to a tri-weekly line of post coaches :
and a line ot post coaches has been established
from Salem, X. C. to Wythe c. h. Va. These
two improvements, together, perfect a tri-week
ly line of post coaches from the Southern part
* of \ irginia, and front the to the scat oj
government in Kentucky, and into all the north
: western States.
The routes from Fredericksburg and from
1 Richmond, Va. by Charlottesville and Louis
■* burgh and Guyandotte, have been improved from
1 a tri-weekly to a daily line of post coaches, and,
in connection with it*a daily line of steam boat
J mails has been established from Guyandotte, in
: \a. by Cincinnati, Ohio, to Louisville, in Ken
’ tudcy. A tri-weekly line of post-coaches has
also been established from Guyandotte, Va., by
Catlettsburg, Ky., and Mounfsterling, to Lex
' ington.
The route between Louisville, Kv., & Nash
villo, Te., has been improved from a tri-weekly
1 to a daily line of four horse post coaches, and so
expedited as to run through, 174 miles, in less
than two days,and tiie tri-weekly route between
j Cincinnati, Ohio, & Georgetown, Ky., has in like
manner-been changed into a daily route. These
two improvements perfect the daily mail com
munication in post coaches between the seats of
; government in Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee,
byway oi the commercial towns of Cincinnati
and Louisville.
A line of [K>st coaches, three times a week,
lias been established between Columbia, Te.,
and Huntsville, Ala., which completes the inter
course in coaches from the seat of Government
; | in Alabama, to Nashville, Te., and to the States
north of Tennessee.
Tri-weekly mail coaches have been established
from Frankfort, Ky., and from Cincinnati and
Columbus, in Ohio, to Indianapolis, the seat of
government, in Indiana.
I The route from Lower Sandusky, in Ohio, to
; Detroit, in Michigan, 102 miles, has been in
creased from three times a week to a daily line
of lour horse post coaches, and so expedited as
to run through in little more than one uav.
The whole line from Washington city and
from Baltimore, via Wheeling, Va., to Cincinnati,
Ohio, and to Maysville, Frankfort, and Louis
ville, Ky., has been so expedited as to run from
W ashington and from Baltimore to Wheeling
in two days ; and to Frankfort in live davs ; mak
ing the time to Cincinnati and to Frankfort, two
’ days less than was ever occupied before. The
mail may now he transported, during the sum
mer arrangement, from Washington city and
from Baltimore to \\ heeling, 270 miles, in two
days ;to Cincinnati, 520 miles, in four days ; to
Louisville, Ky., in five days; and to Nashville,
Te., in seven days. From Philadelphia to the
same places, hut twelve hours more arc occu
pied. The winter arrangement will requiretwo
days more for the whole distance.
The mails between Philadelphia & Pittsburg
have been so expedited as to run through in fif
ty-six hours. The mail is now transported from
Washington city and from Baltimore, via. Pitts
burgh, Pa., Cleaveland and Lower Sandusky,
Ohio, to Detroit, in Michigan, by daily lines of
four horse post coaches, in six days and fourteen
hours, and from Philadelphia in seven davs ; be
ing three days less than the time formerly oc
cupied.
A lino of four horse post coaches has been
established from Detroit, to run three times a
week across the Territory of Michigan, 195
miles, to the town of Niles, on the river St. Jo
seph, and to run through in less than three days.
The whole route has been improved into a
daily line of post coaches from Washington ci
ty and Baltimore, by 1 ork, Pa. Harrisburgh,
Northumberland, Williamsport, and Bath, N.
\. to Buifalo, on Lake Erie, and so expedited
as to run through in five days.
Many other improvements have been made,
and in other sections of the country, of consi
derable magnitude ; especially in expediting and
perfecting the mail intercourse between the U.
States and the British provinces upon our bor
ders.
These improvements, which have considera
bly enhanced the expenses of the department,
have already produced an increase of revenue
that begins to he sensibly felt; and promise,
within a short time, more than a remuneration
for all their cost. Though improvements al
ways incur an expense before the revenues
which they yield can he realized, yet with all
the increase of mail facilities during the year
ending the 30th of June, 1832, the revenues of
the department have, within a very inconsider
able sum, equalled its expenses.
Tho revenue of the department, comprising
the whole amount of postages accruing within
the year commencing July, 1, 1831, and ending
June 30,1832, amounts to $2,259,570 17
The expenditures of the depart
ment within the same period,
were,
For compensation to
postmasters 8715,431 08
For transportation of
the mail 1,482,507 22
For incidental ex
penses 08,111 45
Making an excess of
expenditure beyond
the revenue for the
year, of 7,530 18
Within the same pe
riod there was paid
into the Treasury
of the U. States, by
irregular deposites,
the sum of 71 31
Making, together, a
reduction ofthe funds
of the department of 7,G01 49
Tho surplus fund a
vailahie to the de
partment on the Ist
of July, 1831, as
suming that the
whole amount of
postage accruing
from July 1, 1323,
had been collected.
was estimated to be 210,412 89
Fr®m which deduct
the above sum of 7,001 49
And the surplus a
vailable fund was,
on the Ist July, 1332 202,811 40
The revenue of the department was, for the
year ending
June 30, 1329, 81,707,413 42
June 30, 1330, 1,850,583 10
June 30, 1331, 1,997,811 54
June 30, 1832, 2,258,750 17
The increase of postage over that of the pre
ceding year was, for the year ending
June 30, 1329, ’ 8103,540 47
June 30, 1330, 143,164 68
June 30, 1831, 147,228 44
June 30, 1832, 260,758 63
Being a greater increase for the year ending
Juno 30, 1332, by 8113,530 19, than accrued
during any preceding year.
This may bo attributed, principally, to the
improvements in mail facilities: and the increase
1 for the current year may be safely estimated at
>1 a still greater amount. The contracts for the
- eastern section of the United States, comprising
N. York and the New-England States, nil expire
a on the 31st of December next, and liavs just
- been renewed, together with new contracts for
i transporting the mails on the routes established
, by law of the last session of Congress.
t The annual amount paid for trans.
i porting the mail in that section,
under the old contracts, is 8328,945 DC
s The annual amount which will be
required under the new con
tracts in that section, including
all the old routes, with many im
portant improvements; also,for
142 new mail routes established
} in that section by the law of last
s section, is 421,156 19
i
i Making an increase of expenditure,
; in that section, of 92,210 27
- The contracts.have also been made
f for the new routes established
, by the law of last session in the
i other sections, amounting to
13,111 miles of new post roads,
, on 298 new routes, for the an
nual sum of 71,945 75
: Requiring together an annual in
* crease of expenditure of 164,156 02
i hese contracts will go into ope
[ ration on the first of January
next, ; and within the year,
winch will terminate oh the 30th •
June, 1833, one half of the a
i hove increase will be incurred,
amounting to 82,073 01
: At a reasonable estimate of the progressive
; increase of revenue from postage, there will bo
more than a sufficiency to meet this sum.
J he increase of postages for the year ending
, the 30th of June, 1832, was, as above stated,
8260,758 63 above those of the preceding
year; but, in an increase of postages, there is
a corresponding increase of commissions for
compensation to post-masters.
After deducting these commissions, the re
mainder, constituting the nett proceeds of post
ages, is applicable to the payments for transpor
tation of the mails, and for the incidental ex
penses of the department. The nett proceeds of
postages for the year ending June 30, 1882,
exceeded those of the preceding year, $180,305
43. If the ratio ofincrcasc in the nelt proceeds
of postages for the year which will end on the
80th June, 1833, shall only equal that of the
year ending June 30, 1832, it will amount to the
sum of $196,823 06 above thatofthe last year,
which will exceed the additional amount requir
ed for transportation by more than a hundred
thousand dollars, provided no farther improve
ments shall be made, without estimating any
thing for postages that may arise on the new
routes. But a greater ratio of increase of the
nett amount of revenue may he fairly calculated
upon from the very extensive improvements
which have been made; and the accounts of post
masters for the quarter ending on the Ist of Oc
tober last, so far as they have been examined,
exhibit an increase ol nett proceeds of postages
at the rate of 8360,000 a year above those of
the year ending on the 80th of June, 1832.
There were in the United Stales on the Ist of
July, 1831, 8,686 post offices. The number on
the 30th June, 1832, was increased to 9,205. —
The constant supervision of that number of post
masters, correcting abuses, enforcing the strict
observance of the laws and instructions, and,
above all, requiring of each to account faithfully
and promptly for all the postages received, arc
essentially necessary to all the other operations
of the department; and while the present system
is strictly adhered to in the order of the transac
tions of the department, it is confidently believed
that its operations will bo attended with harmony
and success.
J have the honor to he,
With high regard,
___ o o 3
\ our obedient servant,
WILLIAM T. BARRY,
Post master-General.
Proceedings o f the Georgia Temperance Society,
held in Milledgeville, on the 13 th of Novem
ber, 1832.
1. At half past eight o’clock, A. M. Gen.
R. C. Shorter, the President, after a short ad
dress, took the Chair. Judge Longstreet pray
ed, and the Society proceeded to business.
2. The President hoped he should be excused
from serving any longer, and suggested the pro
priety of electing some other person. Where
upon, Mr. Stocks, President of the Senate,
moved that the hon. A. B. Longstreet be Presi
dent, and Rev. Adiel Sherwood, Secretary, for
the ensuing year, which was agreed to unani
mously.
3. After a few remarks, the newly elected
President took the Chair. Credentials from a
large numder of Delegates were presented, and
before reading, it was moved, that all who knew
themselves to he such, take seats, and assist in
the deliberations*. ,
4. The Executive Committee made their re
port. j
5. A committee, consisting of the President,
Secretary, and Doctor Antony, was appointed j
to revise the Constitution, and report this even- ;
ing.
G. The Secretary was directed to make ex
tracts from the communications of Auxiliary i
Societies, and to print them, with the proceed
ings of this meeting.
7. Resolved, that we endeavour to raiseßlOO
in order to print and circulate the “ National
Circular.”
Adjourned to evening. • •
8. The Society met and proceeded to exa
mine the new Constitution, w hich was finally j
adopted, as will he found in these proceedings.
9. Doct. Antony delivered a very interest
ing address, w hich was listened to with great at
tention. Mr. Turner, Representative from Put
nam, moved that the thanks of the Society be
* % .
presented him—unanimously adopted.
10. Mr. Jenkins, Attorney-General, moved
that the Executive Committee be instructed to
apply to the Auxiliaries for such funds as may
be necessarv to carry into effect the great oh- :
' Cot
jects of our Association, which was adopted.
11. The Officers which were appointed in
the morning were confirmed under the new Con- <
stitution, and others elected as below;
Hon. Aug. B. Longstreet, Augusta, Presi
dent; Doctor T. Fort, Milledgeville, Ist Vice
President: Kon. Thomas Stocks, Greensboro’,
2d do.; Col. Jos. H. Lumpkin, Lexington, 3d.
do.; Rev. Adiel Sherwood, Eatonton. Secreta
ry ; Wm. Turner, Esq. Eatonton, Treasurer.
Messrs. Hines, Fort, Polhill, Stanford, and J.
Fogle, Executive Committe, Milledgeville.
12. The President, Col. Lumpkin, Mr.
Cone, of Greensboro’, and Mr. Jenkins, of Au
gusta, were requested to deliver addresses at the
next Annual Meeting.
13. Col. King, Judge Stocks, and Doctor
Macon, were appointed to prepare Bye-Laws to
govern this Society, and present them at the ,
next Anniversary.
The next meeting Will be in Milledgeville, on
r Tuesday after 2d Monday in Nov. 1833. —Ad-
% journed. —Prayer by Professor Olin.
t The Secretary received frem Col. Mercer,
r late Treasurer, 821 59 which paid for printing
I the proceedings of last year. This was collect
ed chiefly at Bethcsda. The Societies who wish
the proceedings should always send some small
amount for that purpose, and bear in mind that
; the mail docs not carry communications without
postage.
The Delegates present at this meeting have
thrown in more than 839, the Pike County 82.
and one or two others 81 or 82 each, and Gen.
Ford 85, so that wo have 843. The Cullodens
viile Soc. 88 to print’ the National Circular,
We hope enough will be contributed to print
i 10.000 of them. This is committed to the Ex
■ j ecutive Commitleein Milledgeville, of which Mr.
Hines is Chairman-
In tiie Societies hero reported, about CO in
number, arc over 5000 members. Some 20 or
i 30 Societies arc in existence, w’hich made no
I report —probable number in ail in the State,
i 7,509.
A. B. LONGSTREET, President.
Adiel Sherwood, Secretary.
, The Executive Committee reported that
though public notice was given immediately al
ter the last meeting, they had not been so
fonunate ns to procure the services of a travell
ing agent. They had commissioned Col. Lump
kin and Mr. Cone as delegates to the American
.2 O
Temperance Society, but learn they were unable
to reach the meeting. They conceive that wc
ought to commence some systematic exertions
o •*
to exterminate the deadliest foe that ever infest
|cd any country. They mention as favourable
1 circumstances, the hearty co-operation of our
Methodist brethren. V\ hith a few honorable ex
ceptions, they had stood aloof from any part in
this benevolent enterprise,—maintaining that
members of churches were a'so of Temperance
Societies: but the falacy of the objection has
been disclosed, and they are coming up to the
work with their characteristic zeal. So zealous
ly do they enter into the matter, that the words
of the Saviour, the 44 last shall be first,” are lite
rally fulfilled. They suggest the propriety of
appointing a committee, to revise the Constitu
tion. The obstacles in the way, are professing
chris' ians and temperate drinkers. These hitter
seem not to discover that though they drink but
little and that too in private, they do more to up
hold the cause of drunkenness than ten limes the
number of sots. A sot is a loathsome disgusting
o ~
object, that sickens any man of delicate feel
ings ; therefore he will not make disciples. But
a rosey faced temperate drinker, who lias not
been at it so long as to have a trembling hand 4
a bloated face and a red eye, may induce others
to sip a little. Wc beseech such of them as
profess to favour our cause to remember they
are the worst enemies wo have to encounter.
They think if an agent cannot be procured,
that the national circular ought to be put into
every family. In May last the Putnam Society,
had but fifiy members, and circulated 509 copies
of that Circular, and now lias nearly 390 mem
hers !
Respectfully suhmitied.
Constitution of the Georgia Temperance Society,
as revised and adopted, November, 1832.
1. This Society shall he called the Georgia
Temperance Society : its solo object shall be
the suppression of the vice of intemperance.
2. The Society shall be composed of dele
gates from the countv societies ; hut each so.
cioty shall be entitled to one delegate, which
does not find it convenient to be represented
through the several County Societies.
3. This Society shall meet annually at Mil
ledgevjllc on the Tuesday after the 2d Monday
m November.
4. At each annual meeting, the following
% AH * O
officers shall be chosen in such manner as the
Society may direct —a President, a Ist, 2d and
3d vice Presidents, a Secretary, Treasurer and
an Executive Committee to consist of five mem
bers : all of whom shall hold their appointments
till their successors arc chosen. In the absence
of the President, the vice Presidents in their
order shall preside—if these arc absent a Presi
dent shall be appointed pro tern. In the ab
sence of any officer, his place shall he filled in
the same way.
5. It shall he the duty of the Executive Com
mittee to manage the affairs of the Society in
the recess of its meetings,—to conduct its
correspondence, to collect such information as
may he useful to the purposes of the institution,
to receive the reports of the Treasurer, —to ap
point delegates to the American Temperance
Society, and to report their proceedings at each
annual meeting through their secretary,
6. Auxiliaries to this Society, may be received
upon presenting their constitution, with a resolu
tion of their body expressive of their wish to be
come auxiliaries. After the present session, de
legates shall be admitted upon producing a cer
tificate from the officers of their appointment.
7. This Society may refuse to admit an aux
iliary whose constitution allow the use of ardent
spirit except as as a medicine; but it shall not
interfere with the private regulations of the aux
iliaries further than to recommend.
8. This Society shall have no connexion in
its associate character either with Church or
State.
9. The funds of this Society sliah consist of
voluntary contributions only, and shall bo appli
ed to the objects of the society exclusively*
10. To alter this Constitution, the votes of two
thirds of the members present at a meeting shall
be required.
11. The Society may make any bye-laws and
regulations, not inconsistent with this constitu
tion, and upon a vote oft wo thirds of the mem
bers present at a meeting may expel a member
for a violation of its rules and regulations.
The following account of the Shay’s Insurrec
tion, which we take from the Salem Gazette,
derives additional interest at this time from
the situation of affairs in South-Carolina :
SH A YS’ IXSUR RECTIOX.
The Shays Insurrection, in Massachusetts,
has been frequently alluded to, of late, as af
fording a parallel to the course expected from
South-Carolina. But there is, in fact, little or
no party ifi the case. Shays had neither office
nor power to make ins influence felt, nor tal
ents to delude or guide the multitude. He at
tained the rank of captain in the army of the re- 1
volution; but he acquired no laurels in that 1
honorable service, and voluntarily resigned his
rank a the army, and retired to private life, 1
before the objects of the war were achieved.
U luin peace was proclaimed, the finances of •
the stales were in confusion, and the affairs of
individuals embarrassed. The debt of Massa
chusett: alone was 85,000,000, and taxation of
course heavy.—The number of debtors was so
great, fiat in 1782 the legislature had been re- '
duccd u resort to the empirical expedient of an !
Act, repairing creditors to receive, in payment 1
for theijdebts, cattle and other specific articles <
of property tendered by the debtors. This Re- ■
lief quickery only exasperated the disease, and ;
the law was suffered to expire in a vear. Dis- ]
i contented debtors then held Conventions, ant
- soon resolved to resort to Stop Law measures
they proscribed Sheriffs, Lawyers, Judges am
■, Courts. The disaffected succeeded in their at
.r tempts to exclude lawyers from their seats ir
. the General Court ; s‘i!l the Legislature were
i unable to redress the fancied grievances of the
1 discontented. —In the autumn of 1786, the trial
t contents assembled in multitudes at the shire
t i towns, and by force prevented the sittings o!
j the courts of justice.
? : Daniel Shays appeared at the head of 2000
. armed men at Springfield, to prevent the sitting
. of the Supreme Court. Gen. M in. Shepard,
- however, with GOO men, had pre-occupied the
, Court House, and Shays retired. W hen the
t Legislature assembled, an act passed to suspend
• the privilege of the Habeas Corpus , and the
. Governor (Bowdoin) was authorized to arrest
by a State Warrant any seditious insurgent, and
i imprison him without hail or mainprise. Shays
r and the other insurgent chieftains marched to
5 Worcester and Concord, to stop the courts. The
, Governor despatched parties of volunteer cav
alry from Boston into Worcester and Middlesex
counties in November, and Job Shattuck and
several others were arrested and confined in
t Boston jail. At this time, there were strong
- apprehensions that the rebel forces would march
) to Boston and make desperate efforts to liberate
- these prisoners from Boston jail. Shays ex
■ claimed with an oath that he would have done
i it, had it not been for that County of Essex.
; Essex was almost the only county that was per
; fectly loyal and uninfected. In old Hampshire,
; Shays, with 890 of his followers, took posses
■ sion of the Court House at Springfield, and pre*
■ vented the sitting of the Covrt.
The Governor, finding the Fosse Comitaius was
too weak to resist such violence, ordered a de
i fachmcnt of 4400 rank and file of the Militia, to
be raised, to he ready to act by the 19th of Jan
t uary, 1767, under Major General Benjamin Lin
: coin. A body of the militia reached Worcester
on the 22d, and the Court was protected. Gen.
Shepard, with another detachment oi’the Militia,
of 1100 men, was stationed at Springfield, to
protect the arsenal. The rebels, under Daniel
Shays, Luke Day, and Eli. Parsons, soon gather
ered a force in that vicinity, of 2000 men, and
on the 25th of January advanced in a menacing
manner towards the arsenal. Gen. Shepard
sent an aid-de-camp to inquire the design of the
movement, and to warn Shays of his danger.
The answer was, that they would have posses
sion of the barracks; and they immediately
marched to within 250 yards of the arsenal.
They were again warned that ifthey approached
nearer, they would be fired on; still they ad
vanced. Gen. S. ordered two shots to be tired
over their heads; still they advanced. He then
ordered the artillery to be pointed at the centre
of their column. The cry of murder then arose
from the rear of the insurgents, and the whole
struck with panic and confusion. Shays lost all
control over them, and they fled precipitately
10 miles, leaving three dead and one wounded.
Gen. Lincoln arrived outlie 27th, dc commenced
a pursuit of the rebels, which continued till the
principal part were dispersed.
Those who held together, on the 8d of Feb
ruary, marched to Petersham. Gen. Lincoln,
with his forces, commenced the pursuit at eight
o’clock the same evening, and made a forced
march ot 30 miles, through a deep snow, in se
vere cold, and amid a violent storm. At nine
o’clock the following morning ho reached Peters,
ham, rushed upon the unsuspecting rebels, rout
ed them without bloodshed, and took 150 pris
oners.
Shays and the other leaders escaped, and fled
for refuge first to the New Hampshire Grants,
(since the State of Vermont.) Gov. Chittenden,
desirous of augmenting the population of that
territory, was disposed to give them shelter, hut
Gov. Bowdoin sent to demand the reflugees.
They then tied to the Isle aux Noix and to St.
John’s, with the view of retiring to Canada; but
the British commander at the latter post refused
to allow them to pass unless Lord Dorchester,
the Canadian Governor in chief, first granted
permission. They turned back, and were some
time concealed in Vermont.
On the 10th March, the General Court ap
pointed three Commissioners, Gen. Lincoln,
Hon. S. Phillips, Jun. and Hon, S. A. Otis, to
proceed to the Western Counties, for the purpose
of granting indemnity to the insurgents, on their
making submission and taking the oath of alle
giance. Seven hundred and ninety persons took
the benefit of the commission. Shays, Wheeler,
Parsons, Luke Day, and a few others, however,
were excepted. Fourteen were arrested, and
convicted of high treason, and received the sen
tence of death, but were all ultimately par
doned.
Good frequently springs from evil. Shay's
Rebellion served to impress on the public mind a
belief of the necessity of a new form of Natio
nal Government. It may be doubted whether
the present U. S. Constitution would have been
adopted, it that rebellion had not predisposed
the minds of the people in favor of an energetic
government.
Columbus, <o»e4>s - gia.
From the Democrat.
Few towns in the interior of any state have
advanced in a more regular and uninterrupted
course of improvement than Columbus. Though
it be but two or three years since the present
scite of Columbus presented the aspect of a sa- i
vage wilderness, yet the eye is now delighted 1
with the multiplying evidences of the highest j
refinements of civilized life. The forests have ,
given way to lengthened streets, beautiful gar
dens, and spacious mansions, and the crowded
marts of commerce. All is enlivened with the
hum of business, the amusements of fashion,
the song ot industry, and the multitudinous avo
cations, labours and sports of crowded life. The 1
commanding position of Columbus gives her
great advantages, and nothing can prevent her
becoming a great town. .
But although much of prosperity is the cer
tain alotment of our infant city, and more is 1
within ner reach, yet the highest point of pros
perity ot which she is capable, can only be
reached by the most strenuous exertions of her
citizens. Ihe rich plantations in her neigh
bourhood, the untiring industry of the hardy
sons of the interior, open to her view unfailing
sources ot wealth. But she can only avail hor
sed of them through the medium of fair ex
change and liberal trade. The local position
which she occupies will always enable her to
command the trade of nearly the whole Chatta
hoochee circuit, upon equitable principles. But \
it cannot be expected that Columbus should en- •
joy the profitable trade of the interior, unless ;
her merchants themselves should exhibit a spi- 1
rit of enterprise and liberality worthy of it. 1
1 hey must bid up a fair price for cotton; the J
up-country planters cannot be made to under- ,
stand why the dealers in Columbus, enjoying all r
the advantages of steam navigation, should not 1
afford to give as much for cotton as they do in
Macon, where the facilities of steam navigation
are not enjoyed. This is a paradox which -
puzzles our country friends extremely. They
id are equally perplexed in regard to the
; ot sail and sugar. Salt, they say
d sel Is from 15 to 20 per cent, lower in M
t. in Columbus; and while the merchant 00 "
n latter place are selling N. O. SU o- arg * of thj
e cents, those of Augusta, they suppose f ° a U
e ingthe difference in the expense o f lUtcr
. tion of nearly double the distance (i| nnSf)o) A
c are enabled to sell the same ’ " at T
d * rpi 4.‘ *Li(j q
J cents, lliesc operations excite thei • 5 5
wonder and not a little prejudice
3 bus. It is true that many of tD 5 .
g they be such —will, in time, work thei^ov'
I, If our present merchants demand c.\t
e profits on their business, this tact it
e tract additional capital to the }>lac > - e: ‘
d profits thereof be reduced to an equit
o ard. Merchants must be content witl / 6 stan,j
--;t less than 200 percent, profit on
d sales. Steamboats must demand ° ! '
s and planters must be furnished with , lre *B^
0 lumbus cheaper than can be airorfft Sa^' 0 ‘
q other inland town in the state The atan H
. be expected that the rapid improvom " mar
v lumbus will meet the anticipations of
J est friends. ‘ ILT "anri.
1 Columbus, in the early period of] ler •,
? had much to struggle with to combat ,y Stefi ? e ’
i dice which existed 'in regard to ||, o ®-S;-
3 ness of her position. And indeed
- cncc of 1831 did much to strengthenV^ 1 *
a judice. But the extended and judicioj,: lß^
. of the board of commissioners for the ■
- seconded and aided by the judgment
, tics of a highly experienced and%kilfi u |' , ”l ,
- Ims given a new aspect to the state of**’'’
- The prejudice against the health of fl, ‘
has been completely removed, Thekl-b
5 and exertions have been skilful and uure l“ u ?
. and they are entitled to the warmest acC ° ’
> Jedgmenfs of every one interested in \\J m ‘
. rnanent prosperity of the place. And mJI
. pecially at thus period, when, bavin* am J .
■ tl ' e ,f oso ° r ,| he!r Jmios. the ipprofc, ”
■ ot , thcir fellow citizens is the only reward
, their arduous services.
11 'un-Hu.—
$l5O REWARD!!;
357* OR the delivery to the subscriber, in Warren r
*r ty, Georgia, oi a negro man LEWIS, about tZ
■ ty-five or i-Crty years ot ago, about five f ee[ Slv ,,, ,
high, weighs about one hundred and sim-.fi ve „ 01In ,
little bald, rather yellow complected
bay mare, about tour years old, four feet seven or P i«U
m c l» es togh. star 111 her face, right hind foot white w 1
made, works and rides well. ’
They left me the Gih ot this month, at night. At tl
same time, left the neignborhood, a white man calU
and named RAW EL ADAMS, about twenty.five t
thirty years oi age, about (lie same height of the men"
It is believed they will make their way towards fen
ncssee or Kentucky.
his
BENJAMIN x ADAMS,Sen
Test. mark ’
Hexlev Joxes.
nr The Republican, Nashville, Tennessee, and the
Gazette, Lexington, Kentucky, will publish the aim,
advertisement twice, weekly, and forward their accounts
to V* arrenton, Warren County, Georgia, for payment.
December 25 2 2vv 5;
, SII JGil A i'VF’S * AS. 3-:.
Will be sohFon the first Tuesday in February next, as
the lower Market House, in the city of Augusta, with,
in the legal hours of sale
A Negro Woman named Betsey, as the pro.
Pcrty of Rebecca Meredith, levied on and returned
to me by Isaac Henricks, Constable, to satisfy a fi fa,
worn Justices Court, Caleb Hatfield, vs. scid Meredith
PETER F. BOISCLAIR, s. it. c . '
January 4, 1833 59
S 7 57,:6S 7, :6 & A tilE— ptinctl,
Will be sold on the first Tuesday in February next, at
the lower Market House, in the City of Augusta,
within the legal hours of sale :
One printing Press, eight Stands, and Types,
and two imposing Stands, levied on as the property of
Atton 11. Pemberton, to satisfy li fa, William J. Hobby
vs. said Pemberton.
PETER F. BOISCLAIR, s. b. c.
January 4,1833 59
SHERIFF'S SAi7IL
Will be sold on the first Tuesday in February next, it
the Court-House door in the Town of Waynesborough,
Rurke county, within the usual hours of sale, the fol
lowing property, (to viz.)
10 Negroes, viz: Frank, Hannah, Maria,
Abram, Jacob, Ellick, Caty, William, and a small child
name unknown, levied upon as the property of John
Fryer, to satisfy sundry Executions from the Super) t
Court, in favour of Joseph Gumming and others vs.
John Fryer.
ALSO,
800 Acres of Pine Land, (more or less) ad
joining Lands of Matthew Timblcton and others, levied
upon as the property of Mark Tarver, to satisfy a fi fa,
from the .Superior Court, in favour of Mathew Cars
well vs. Mark Tarver and Nath. Parhill.
ALSO,
186 Acres Pine Land, (more or less) adjo/n
--ing Lands of Thomas Cosmahan and others, levied up
on as the property of Thomas Rush, deceased, to sa
tisfy a fi fa, from the Superior Court, in favour oi Eli
zabeth Curchwell vs. said Rush and Janies R. McEl
tnurry.
ALSO,
One House and Lot in the Town of Waynes
borough, levied upon as the property of John A. Ro
berts, to satisfy sundry fi fas, from a” Justice Court iu
favour of Robert if. Carson vs. said Roberts ami Reu
bin Chance, securitv, returned to me by a Constable.
THUS. S. BURKE, Sheriff b. c
January 4, 1833 58
Administrator’s Sale.
Will be sold to the highest bidder, in Waynesborouzk
Rurke county, on the first Tuesday in March next,
the following property, to wit :
Two Negro Men, Moses and Sam, belong
ing to the Estate of James Hines, deceased, and one
by the name of Ned, belonging to Joseph Hines’ Es
tate, sold under and by virtue of an order from tb e
Court of Ordinary of said~county. Terms made knows
on the day of sale.
GEORGE GUNBY, Adm’r.
On the Estates of Joseph James Hines, dee-
January 4,1833 58
Postponed Executors Sale.
On the first Tuesday in February next, will bo offered !o:
sale at the Court-House in Washington, Wilkes coux
ty, between the usual hours of sale :
A tract of Land in the said county, about
three miles from Washington, containing nine hundred
snd forty-six and a half (946 i) acres, belonging to me
estate of the late Colonel John Pray—at the risk ot the
former purchaser—he not havin* complied with the
terms of the former sale.
JNO. J. MAXWELL,
GEORGE M. WATERS,
Executor’s of Jno. Pray, deceased.
January 4, 1833. 58
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARP-
J ABSCONDED from the stibscri-
J her on the 25th ult, two NEGRO FEE
f LOWS, William and Dick; VVilliaia W
’ a d rk Mulatto about 27 years old---- j
•■BesJßaeieas.t r'. when spoken to quickly —can
and write and is very artful, about 5 feet 7 inches h ! F;
and wore a surtout coat, and new sattinet pantaloons
black cap and boots. Dick is darkcomplectedandth' 7 - 1
25 years ot age, walks up-right and when he went
wore a grey sattinet pantaloons, black coat, hat
boots. Roth had other clothes with them. P ICK
about 5 feet 10 inches high. They may have gone to
Oglethorpe County, where they had been secreted
man named Thos. Brown. I will give the above re*at
to any person that will lodge them in any safe jail s °' '
I get them, and fifty dollars for proof that they are 1
boured by any person. v
JOHN COGHEAN
Jan. 4 ts 58
~~ kF SHERIFF’S TITLES-
For Sale at this Office.