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LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES PASSED AT THE
SECOND SESSION OF THE 22d CONGRESS.
(PUBLIC No. 21.]
AN ACT to explain and amend the eighteenth
section of “An act to alter and amend tbe
•several acts imposing duties on imports,’
approved the fourteenth July, one thousand
eight hundred and thirty two.
Jit it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United Slates of America
in Congress assembled, That aH articles upon
which the duties were reduced by “An act to al
ter and amend,-the several acts imposing duties
oD imports,” approved the fourteenth July, one
thousand eight lisndred and thirty two, and
which may not have been deposited under the
provisions of the eighteenth section of the ad
aforesaid, whether the said articles were import
od or the duties thereon were secured or paid,
before or after the passage of said act, may, to
obtain the benefit of said act and this amendment
thereto, be deposited at any time before the first
of April next, in the custom-house stores, or in
the manner prescribed in the following section,
bv the importer, consignee, or any subsequent
purchaser or owner, andffil wines now in bond,
or which may he imported at any time previ
mis to the fourth day of March, one thousand
eicrht hundred and thirty four, and which may
remain in the custody of the customs on that day
shall be entitled to the benefit ot this act, & of
that to which it is an amendment: Provided , i hat
no merchandise imported in packages, bales, or
casks, shall be entitled to the benefit of this act,
or of that to which it is an amendment, unless
they are as originally imported: and that all ar
ticles placed in the custody of the customs under
this act shall so remain, for inspection and ex
animation, till the fourth day. of March next:
Provided, also, That nothing contained m this
act shall he so construed, as to extend the pro
visions thereof to any merchandise, which under
the existing laws would not he entitled -.0 the
benefits oi drawback.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted,That, in all
«ascs where the quantity of merchandise enti
tled to the benefit of the acts aforesaid shall ex
ceed ten packages, bales, or casks, or where the
articlelmay he in hulk, or otherwise than in pack
ages, bales, or casks, the collector of the dis
trict where the same may he, is hereby author
ized to direct that the siad merchandise shall not
be removed from the warehouse ot the owner,
but that the same shall he there placed in the
custody of u-proper officer of the customs, who
shall examine the same, and keep them under
the keys of the custom-house, till the first of A
pril as aforesaid: Provided, Ihe collectoi shall
consider the same a safe place of deposite, and
application he made to him tor that purpose on
or before the twenty fifth March next.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted. That all arti
cles remaining under the control of the proper
officer of the customs, according to the pro
visions of this act, on the first day of April next,
and all wines which shall remain in the same
manner after the fourth day of March, one thou
sand eight hundred and thirty four, shall be sub
ject to no higher duty than would bo levied un
der the act aforementioned, approved the
fourteenth of July last; and if any higher duty
shall have been paid, such excess shall be re
funded, out of any money in the Treasury not
otherwise appropriated, to the person placing
the same in the custody of the customs, and a
ny outstanding bond or bonds which may have
been given for duties on the same shall he can
celled ; and if a sum equal to the amount of du
ties levied by the said act of the fourteenth July,
shall not have been collected, and the bond or
bonds given shall amount to more than the duties
imposed by said act, the Secretary of the Treas
ury shall direct that a debenture certificate or
certificates, the form ot which shall be prescri
bed by him for such excess of duty, shall ‘he is
sued to the persons placing the same in the cus
tody of the customs, payable out of the bond or
bonds given for duties on the same. The col
lectors to give the debtors credit on their bonds
for the difference between the high and lore duties,
and to cancel the bonds on payment of the bal
ance.
Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That the
Secretary of the Treasury shall cause the a
mount of excess of duties, as aforesaid, to be as
certained and paid, or the credit given, as the
case may he, as soon as practicable after the
first of April next; and that lie shall he authoriz
ed localise all articles under the control of the
proper officers ot the customs to ho examined ;
and, where the merchandise may have passed
out of the possession ot the importer or con
aignec, to require satisfactory evidence of the
transfer or transfers, to identity the same ; and
to make all other rules and regulations which
may be necessary and proper to carry this act
into effect.
See. 5. And he it further enacted, That the
Secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorized
and directed to extend relief to all persons,
whose casps are provided for in this act, who
may have been deprived of the benefit thereof
in consequence of the collectors not having re
ceivedh is instructions in pursuance of it, from the
Secretary of the Treasury.
Sec, 6. And be it further enacted. That the
■eventeehth section of the aforesaid act of the
fourteenth day of July, one thousand eight hun
dredand thirty two, as far as the same relates to
the duty on pulverized or crushed sugar, shall
take effect on the fourth day of March, of the
present year.
A. STEVENSON,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
HU. L. WHITE,
Preside nt of the Senate pro tempore.
jiLPiaoyKD, March 2d, 1833.
ANDREW JACKSON.
[Public, No. 28.]
AN ACT making appropiations for the Engineer
and Ordnance Departments.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Re
presentalives of the United States of America in
Congress assembled , That the following sums
be, and the same are hereby, appropriated, out
of any money in the Treasury not otherwise ap
propriated, namely:
- For collecting the materials, and making the
preliminary arrangements, for the construction
of a fort on George’s Island, Boston harbor,
Massachusetts, twenty-five thousand dollars.
For the erection of a building for military and
other exercises, at the United States’ Military
Academy, West Point, six thousand dollars.
For the erection of a chapel at the United
States Military Academy, West Point, ten thou
sand dollars.
For the erection of two new dwelling-houses at
the Natioal Armory at Springfield, Massachu
setts, for the use of the Master Armorer and
Paymaster, seven thousand dollars.
For additional machinery, at the same Anno-'
ry, three thousand five hundred dollars.
For one steam-engine of fifteen horse power,
at the same Armory, fifteen hundred dollars.
For thirty-six double racks for [placing arms
in thenew arsenal, at the same Armory, five
thousand one hundred dollars.
For the erection of twelve additional dwel
ling-houses for the workmen, at the National
Armory at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, eight
thousand six hundred dollars.
For building a pay-office and store at the
same Armory, for the preservation of models
and patterns, two thousand dollars.
For building a workshop for grinding and
polishing, at the same Armory, six thousand dol
lars.
For enlarging and •'repairing the shop, for
welding and boring musket barrels, at the same
Armory, fifteen hundred dollars.
Fer the repair and extension of the public
dam, 0:1 the Potomac river, from which the sup
ply oft water is obtained for the works of said
Armory, five thousand dollars.
For the enlargement oft the canal, supplying
the water power of the public works oft the said
Armory, from the Potomac dam, thirteen thous
and four hundred and ninety-five dollars.
For repairing the walls of four workshops at
the same Armory, fifteen hundred dollars.
For constructing three new water-wheels, and
the machinery in the boring, turning, and stock
ingshops, and sinking flumes, ;;t the said Armory,
eiglift thousand four hundred dollars.
For completing the forging-shop, tilt-hammer,
and new work-shop, at the same Armory, thir
teen thousand three hundred dollars.
For the purchase of one square acre oft land,
with the improvements, adjoining the Arsenal
near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, three thousand
five hundred dollars.
For the purchase offoity-five acres ofland ad
joining the Watervliet Arsenal, New York, nine,
thousand dollars.
For the purchase of the right to the water
power on the Shenadoah river, for the use of the
United States’ rifle factory which is established
on that river, four thousand six hundred dol
lars.
For tire repairs of the Spanish fort Marion, at
St. Augustine, and for re-construsting the Sea
Wall, to prevent the encroachment of the sea,
at and near the same, twenty thousand dol
lars.
For the purchase of a site, and for erecting
quarters and barracks for the United States’
troops at Savannah, Georgia, thirty-five thou
sand dollars.
Sec. 2. And he it further enacted, That the
Secretary of War he, and he is hereby, authoriz
ed to apply to the purchase of the square acre
ofland abovementioned, a sum not exceeding
three thousand five hundred dollars, out of the
proceeds arising from the sale of certain lots of
land at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, belonging to
the United States, which may he disposed o',
under the provisions of the act of Congress of
the second of August, one thousand eight hun
dred and thirteen.
Approved, March 2, 1833.
[Public, No. 24.]
AN ACT making appropriations for the support
of the Army for the year one thousand eight
hundred and thirty-three.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Re
presentatives oj the United Slates in Congress as
sembled, That the following sums he, and the
same are hereby, appropriated, out of any money
in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for
the support of the army for the year one thous
and eight hundred and thirty-three, viz:
For pay of the army and subsistence of offi
cers, one million three hundred and thirty-six
thousand six hundred and ninety-seven dollars.
For forage of officers, fifty-four thousand three
hundred and thirty dollars.
For clothing for servants of officers, twenty,
four thousand dollars.
For subsistence, exclusive of that of officers,
in addition to an unexpended balance of fifteen
thousand dollars, three hundred and eighty-se
ven thousand dollars.
For clothing of the army, camp equipage,
cooking utensils, and hospital lurniture, in ad
dition to material & clothing on hand, amount
ing to twenty thousand dollars, two hundred
and fifty-six thousand seven hundred and sixty,
three dollars.
For medical and hospital department, thirty-one
thousand dollars.
For arrearages in the same department dur
ing the year one thousand eight hundred and
thirty-two, three thousand dollars.
For various expenses of the quarter-master’s
department, viz : for fuel, forage, straw station
ry, blanks, repairing officers’ quarters, barracks,
storehouses, and hospitals ; for erecting tempo
rary cantonments and gun-houses ; for rent of
quarters, store houses, and lands ; for postage
of letters on public service; for expenses ol
courts martial, including compensation of judge
advocates, members, and witnesses ; for extra
pay to soldiers employed on extra labor, under
the act of March second, one thousand eight
hundred and nineteen ; and for expenses ot ex
presses, escorts to paymasters, and other con
tingencies to quartermaster’s departments, two
hundred and forty thousand dollars.
For transportation of officers’ baggage ; and
allowance for travel in lieu of transportation,
and for per diem allowance to officers on topog
raphical dutv, fifty-three thousand dollars.
For transportation of clothing, subsistence ;
ordnance, and of lead from the mines, and lor
transportation of the army, and funds for pay of
the army, including the several contingencies
and items of expenditure at the several stations
and garrisons usually estimated under the head
of transportation of the army, one hundred
and twelve thousand dollars.
For defraying the expenses of the board of
visiters at West Point, two thousand dollars.
For fuel, forage, stationery, printing, trans
portation, and postage, for the military acade
-1 my, eight thousand live hundred dollars.
For repairs, improvements, and expenses of
buildings, grounds, roads, wharf, and boat, at
West Point, four thousand dollars.
For pay of adjutant’s and quartermaster’s
clerk, nine hundred dollars.
For increase and expenses of the library
fourteen hundred dollars.
For philosophical apparatus, eight hundred
and ninety dollars.
For models of department of engineering, six
hundred dollars.
For models for the drawing department, re
pairs of instruments for the mathematical de
partment, apparatus and contingencies for the
department of chemistry, nine hundred dollars.
Miscellaneous items-and incidental expenses
of the academy, one thousand five hundred and
seventy-five dollars.
For contingencies of the army, ten thousand
dollars.
For the national armories, three hundred and
sixty thousand dollars.
For the armament of fortifications,one hundred
thousand dollars.
For the current expenses of the ordnance ser
vice, sixty-nine thousand three hundred dollars.
For arsenals, ninety-six thousand five hun
dred dollars.
For the recruiting service, thirty thousand
nine hundred and fifty-two dollars, in addition
to an unexpended balance of twelve thousand-dol
lars.
For tl»e contingent e'xpenses'of the recruiting
service, sixteen thousand and forty-four dollars,
including an unexpended balance ofeight thous
and five hundred dollars on hand.
For the purchase of accoutrements and swords,
sixteen thousand seven hundred and fifty dol
lars.
For tire purchase ofcannon, fourteen thousand
seven hundred and fifty dollars.
For payment of arms for mounted rangers,
two thousand five hundred and ninety-eight dol
lars.
For the purchase of arms for South Carolina,
six thousand one hundred and thirty-one dol
lars.
For arrearages prior to the first day of July,
one thousand eight hundred and fifteen, payable
through the Third Auditor’s office, five thous
■and dollars.
To enable the Second Auditor to close the ac
counts, under the act of third March, one thous
and eight hundred and twenty.one, allowing
three months’gratuitous pay to disbanded o!fi.
cers and soldiers, five hundred dollars.
For arrearages of pay of certain militia of
the state of Missouri, called out in one thousand
eight hundred and twenty-nine, one thousand
two hundred dollars.
For the pay of the militia of Illinois, Indi
ana, Missouri, and Michigan, ordered into the
service of the United States during the last
rear, six hundred and thirty-two thousand dol
jars, in addition to the amount heretofore ap
propriated for the same purpose.
For completing barracks, quarters, and store
houses, at Fort Crawford, eight thousand dol
lars. #
For completing barracks, quarters, & store
houses, at Fort Howard, ten thousand dollars.
For completing barracks, and erecting an
hospital at Baton Rouge, twenty-five thousand
dollars.
For making good a deficiency of appropria
tion for the erection of barracks at Fort Se
vern, Annapolis, three hundred dollars.
For the construction of a wharf at Fort Pre
ble, Portland, including the purchase of a site,
th ree ihousand seven hundred and seventy dol
lars.
For repairing the wharf at Fort Indepen
dence, Boston, one thousand five hundred dol
lars.
For repairing the wharf at Fort Washington,
on the Potomac, one thousand five hundred dol
lars.
For repairing the wharf at Fort Moultrie,
Charleston, one thousand five hundred dollars.
For the purchase of ground adjoining Fort
Trumbull, New-London, four hundred dollars.
For the erection of a store-house and stable
on the public lot at Pittsburgh, five thousand
dollars.
For the purchase of the ground at Key West,
on which the barracks and quarters are erect
ed, three thousand two hundred dollars.
For the purchase of land at Fort Gratiot, one
thousand six hundred dollars.
To make good a deficiency of a former ap
propriation for the building of a wharf at Fort
McHenry, ninety dollars and forty cents.
For repairing and extending the levees, secu
ring the works at Fort Jackson, Mississippi, and
for improving the store-rooms and magazine,
four thousand dollars.
Sec. 2. And he it further enacted , That the
Secretary of War be authorized, rt his discre
tion, out of the moneys appropriated by this, or
any former act, for the payment of the militia,
ordered into the service of the United States
according to law, during the last year, to allow
and pay to the district paymasters of the army
of the United States employed in making such
payments, a commission on the sums respective
ly paid by them, not exceeding one per centum
upon the amounts.
Approved, March 2, 1833.
Union ITlectingl
Agreeably to public notice, the citizens of Newton
county, friendly to State Rights and the Union, and op
posed to Nullification, met, in the Court-House, on Fri
day, Ist day of March inst. and, notwithstanding the in
clemency of the weather, the assembly was much grea
ter than was expected. Allen Summers, Esq. was
called to the Chair, and Richard Byrne, appointed Se
cretary.
The object of the meeting was briefly explained by
Captain Waters, in which he requested of all those
w'ho dissented from him in opinion on the subject of
Nullification, that they would not interrupt the proceed
ings of the meeting, as it was not intended for a meet
ing of litigation, but merely for the purpose of those
who disapproved of the doctrine of Nullification, to ex
plain their views on the great subject of the Tarifi and
Nullification, as such persons had been greatly misre
presented. He also proceeded, in a very brief manner,
to give his views and opinions on the subject of the Ta
riff, and approve of the course pursued by a majority of
the last Legislature of this State on that subject; and,
after making some further remarks in regard to the
course the President of the United States has pursued
towards South Carolina, he submitted the following
Preamble and Resolutions for the adoption of the meet
ing ; which were adopted by all those who are opposed
to the doctrine of Nullification—(although, to our sur
prise, the Nullies attended from different parts of the
county, and endeavored to disturb and interrupt tne
peaceable proceedings of the meeting, which caused
considerable excitement and confusion.)
After the meeting was regularly adjourned by the
Chairman, the Nullies produced a set of counter resolu
tions, which were read to the remaining part of the
meeting.
PREAMBLE.—Whereas the Tariff Law, passed
the last session of Congress, has not satisfied the just
expectation of the people of the Southern States ; and
whereas we, as a part of the citizens of Newton coun
ty, have met together for the purpose of expressing our
opinions in regard to the present condition of our na
tional affairs.—We hear many of our fellow-citizens
complaining and making serious charges against the
President of the United States, in regard to the course
he has pursued towards the State of South Carolina.
As to the course our Chief Magistrate has pursued in
this important matter, we cannot but believe it was for
the 15 eod of his country, and to preserve the Union if
possible. As such we view the President as a States
man and Patriot ; and, as Georgians, we view him as
our friend. In all our difficulties wfth the Indians, he
has been the decided friend and advocate of the rights
of the State. He sustained every right claimed by
Georgia, in regard to her difficulties with the Chero
kees, and has used all his influence to remove the Indi
ans beyond the limits of our Territory. In his Mes
sage to Congress, he calls their special attention to the
Tariff Laws, and recommends a speedy reduction of du
ties to a revenue standard ; while on the subject of In
ternal Improvements he rejects all appropriations for
that purpose that are not of a national character, as
contrary to the spirit and letter of the Consritution. All
of the above stated views of the President meet our de
cided approbation. Next, we see his Proclamation to
the People of his native State, South Carolina, on the
subject of the Ordinance, passed by that State in Con
vention on the subject of the Revenue Laws, in which
he warns his countrymen, as a father would his children,
to retrace their steps before they bring ruin and dis
grace on their country, and cautions them not to take
the fatal step, and assures them, if force is used by that
State to resist the revenue laws of their Government,
that that force will have to be repelled; and cites them to
the civil tribunals of the Government as the proper
place to adjust their difficulties; and assures his fellow,
citizens, that there is no settled desire in Congress to
oppress them. Therefore, we cannot permit ourselves,
for a mom3nt, to believe that the President of these U
itffed States has any wish or desire to oppress, harrnss
or'involve any* part of the freemen of these U. States,
as his conduct, through the whole course of his life, as a
soldier, and statesman, and patriot, preves abundantly
to us.
1. Be it ’therefore resolrzd , That our confidence in
the integrity of Gen. Andrew Jackson, President of
the United States, as a patriot and statesman, is unsha
ken, and that we yet look to him, together with the can
stituted authorities of the Government, to settle all our
difficulties and preserve the Union.
“. Resolved. That we view the Tariff Laws, as they
now exist, as unjust, unequal, and eppressive in their
operations upon the Southern States, and that we will
use all constitfitional means in our power to reduce the
same down to a revenue standard.
8. Resolved, That we disapprove of the doctrine of
Nullification, as we believe it neither a peaceable nor
constitutional measure ; but, when put in practice, is
nothing short of revolution. As sucli it should not be
resorted to, only in cases that would justify revolution.
4. Resolved, That it is not the objector wish of this
meeting to ca-St any undue reflection on our fellow'citi
zens who differ with us in opinion on the foregoing re
solutions, but is intended ffir the purpose of expressing
our own views fearlessly and independently; neither is
it our wish or desire to any undue reflections on a
sister State, but we earnestly hope that South-Carolina
will hear the voice of Virginia, and poise herself on her
sovereignty until the close of the next session of Con
gress, before which time we confidently hope, all diffi
culties will be peacceably settled.
5. Resolved. That these proceedings be published, in
the Federal Union, Georgia Journal, asd Augusta Con.
ALLEN SUMMERS, Chairman.
Richard Byrne, Sec’ry.
jh t tracuc.*a:aar namr samssxßMk
A' B: «" 9 T S T A:
TnesdayMoming, April 0,1833.
tUT For the accommodation of our subscribers in
Burke and Columbia Counties, we publish the Sheriffs’
sales of these two counties, as advertised in the Augus
ta Chronicle. In publishing those sales it is a sufficient
reward for us to know that we have gratified the wishes
of many of our patrons.
SAVANNAH RIVER*
The heavy rains of Saturday night and Sunday have
raised the river higher by a few inches, than at the
freshet of 1831. All the wharves and the city com
mons, are under water. The city was last night sur
rounded by water. Much injury, it is apprehended, will
be sustained on Beach Island, and in some other parts
of the country, buch a freshet has not been experi
enced since the Yazoo fresh.
CORPORATION OF AUGUSTA.
At the election yesterday, the following gentlemen
were elected:
Mayor.—Samuel Hale.
Council. — Upper ward. —Edward Thomas, James
Harper, and J. B. Bishop.
Middle ward. —Thomas Glascock, George W. Lamar,
and Jesse Kent.
Lower ward. —P. Crump, N. Dclatgle, and R. Bush.
REDUCTION CONVENTION. *
AVe have published the returns from the counties of
Richmond, Chatham, Warren. Since the following
have been received.
Bibb. —W. B. Cone, Richard W. Ellit, and M. Bart
lett.
Jones. —Th. Moughon, Warren Jourdan, S. Louther,
and J. Gray.
Baldwin. —Tomlinson P'ort, E. E. Park, and Green
Jonrdan.
Burke. W. E. Evans, A. Pemberton, A. J. Lawson,
and Enoch Byne.
Scriven. A. S. Jones, Thomas Green, and Benja
min Green.
Liberty.— -George W. Waulhauer, Dr Charles West,
and W. B. Fleming.
Hancock.^- Joel Crawford, N. C. Sayre, W. Terrell,
and G. Moisey.
UNIVEKSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.
At a public Commencement held in Philadelphia, -on
the 2Sth of last month, the degree of Doctor of Medi
cine was conferred on the following gentlemen from
Georgia: John E. Bacon, Janies D. Rivers, Austin M.
Walker, Marcus Aurelias Franklin, George M. New
ton, and Henry S. Wimberly.
BRITISH WEST INDIA COLONIES.
The following information respecting the British West
India Colonies, acquires more interest at this time,
when their future fate depends on the measures which
may be adopted by the British Government with regard
to the slave population.
Estimates of the value of the British West India Co
lonies, as taken from the Report of the Select Commit
tee of the House of Lords, and recently published in
London :
BRITISH COLONIES.
Jamaica, .... 158,126,298
Barbadoes, .... 9,089,530
Antigua, ..... 4,364,000
St. Christopher, ... 3,783,800
Montserrat, .... 1,078,440
Nevis, ..... 1,750,100
Virgin Islands, ... 1,093,400
Grenada, .... 4,994,365
St. Vincent, .... 4,006,866
Dominica, - - - - • 3,056,000
Trinidad, - - - 4,932,705
Bahamas, ... . 2,041,500
Bermudas, - - - 1,111,000
Honduras, - - - - 578,760
1100,014,804
ceded colonies.
Demerara and Essequibo, . . 118,410,480
Berbicc, .... 7,415,160
Tabago, ..... 2,662,920
St. Lucia, - * - - - 2,529,000
131,037.560
So that the whole amount is no less than 1131,052,424.
Before we attempt to give a clear and true exposition
of the course we intend to pursue in the approaching con
test for political ascendency, it is absolutely necessary
that we should take a retrospective view of certain politi
cal occurrences,& of the circumstances which influenced
us in acting the part we did, as editor of this paper, in re
cent political transactions. Our remarks, at present,
merely preliminary in their nature, will be directed in
part to the object just stated. For many reasons we be
lieve these preliminary remarks necessary; because we
wish it clearly to appear that we have pursued a straight
and consistent course, and that the stand we have taken,
is a natural consequence of the principles we have uni.
formly advanced and maintained, and of the policy which
should be followed by those individuals with whom we
have acted, and now act, in the attainment of political ob
jects, and in the maintenance of political principles. In
tlv*se remarks w* shall abstain from all crimination and
recrimination, and from all personal allusion, unless in
dispensable to the elucidation of the positions we may
assume, for the cause in which we are engaged, cannot
be vindicated and upheld with such despicable means; it
is sufficient for us to have to lament the estrangement of
several of our personal and political friends, who, de
ceived by the deep canning and artful intrigues of a few
corrupt and ambitious citizens, have joined those who
have been, and are still, enemies of our State, but who
have taken advantage of the well known principles ad
vocated in Georgia, to ingratiate themselves with those
deluded friends, by endeavoring to prove that they are
as true and honest in their support of those principles as
anv citizen ot Georgia can be. Those friends have
thought proper to form a political connexion with men,
against whom they and we, for fifteen years, have con
stantly fought; and to form and cement this political con
nexion, true and steadfast friends to the political princi
ples of the republican party, must be sacrificed, and the
new converts to the true faith, acknowledged and pro
claimed as more deserving of public confidence, than
those who have never deviated from republican princi
ples and the policy of Georgia, and against whom no de
reliction of duty can be alleged, during the period they
have been in public life. As we said above, we shall ab
stain from all recrimination, for the abuse and slanders
which have been emitted by certain presses and writers
in this State, and for the misrepresentations of our lan
guage, which in various instances have been resorted to
in order to defeat the effects a candid expression ofhon
est feelings and opinions were likely to produce on the
public mind.
We have enjoyed the reputation of being an indepen
dent editor, whenever we had a press under our control.
Friends will, and foes we hope will also, have the
candor to admit this trait in our character. We have
never been-adulators of men in power ; and we have ne
ver praised any human being, when praise was rot his
due ; we have never commended influential men with sel
fish motives, nor with the view of obtaining favors for us
or others. We have uniformly maintained and zealous
ly supported certain principles and certain measures,
when we conscientiously believed those principles and
those measures were intimately connected with the wel
fare and future prosperity of our State. And we gave
our disinterested support to those citizens, who, we
firmly believed, would put in practice those principles,
and urge the employment of those measures, if they
were placed in power. At the same time we opposed,
with the same zeal, those citizens who, by their conduct,
led us to believe, that they would follow contrary princi
ples, and recommend other measures. If we have thus
- been independent in our political course, why should we
now change that course which has met the approbation
of good men ? Moreover, what desires have we now to
gratify—what ambition can lead Us to act diametrically
opposite to the course we have heretofore pursued ? Do
we aim at wealth ? If wc had been covetous of the good
thingk of this world, long ago we would have embraced
the opportunity, repeatedly presented to us, for obtaining
them. iTo We aim at office and power? We are not s >
foolish as to believe that, supposing we could be so pre
sumptuous, we could make the attempt of gratifying that
desire with some chance of success. Why then should
we be not independent now as heretofore ? No body has
it in his power to control th’s press but the editor. No
favors have been asked, and none will be asked, to sus
tain this press, but the amount of the subscription of ks
patrons, the proceeds of the advertising custom, and die
credit of commercial operations, with which all profes
sions are more or less connected. If the editor is placed
in such a situation: indifferent to wealth; ambitious of
no office ; his press free of all control but his own ; can
he, in the discharge of the responsible and important du
ties attached to the station of an editor, act differently
than as becomes an independent citizen? Can he, if he
is ardently attached to the State in which he has been so
kindly treated, and met so many friends, wish any tiling
else but the prosperity of that State and the happiness of
its people? And can he act otherwise, if he wishes
these blessings to be enjoyed by the citizens, than by ex
erting the moderate talents which a kind nature has giv
en him, to a good and salutary purpose, and in zealous
ly supporting those general principles which alone can
insure the prosperity of the State and the happiness of
the people ? To every impartial and unbiassed reader,
we leave the answer and the application of the questions
we have stated.
But, after all, we will admit, that we have had, and
we still have, objects in view, which we wish to accom
plish. And we will admit also, that wc have one ambi
tion, which we wish to gratify. The objects we wish to
see accomplished, are the prosperity and happiness of the
people of Georgia. And as we believe that this prospe
rity and happiness cannot be permanently and solidly es
tablished and preserved, but by the ascendency of cor
rect political principles ; by a virtuous ambition on the
part of the citizens to distinguish themselves by meritori
ous actions ; by the adoption of a policy based upon pure
and unadulterated democratic doctrines ; it has been, and
it will be, our object to exert all our faculties in assisting
those who have talents and influence among their fellow
citizens, in disseminating those good principles as widely
as possible, and in leading the people to establish on an
immovable foundation, the policy which, while it insures
prosperity and happiness to the people, will, at the same
time, leave them free, as they ought to be, to exercise
the rights, and enjoy the liberties attached to their na
ture as men. If we can aid in accomplishing those ob
jects, we shall have gratified our most ardent desire.
And if by our exertions, we can be useful to the commu
nity in which it has been our happy lot to live for many
years, our ambition will have been gratified ; and when
it will please the God that made us, to take us away
from this world, our last hours will be made more smooth,
by the recollection of having done our duty as a citizen,
and of not having been a useless member of society.
To these preliminary remarks we beg leave to call the
attention of those who take an interest in the politics of
the country, and especially of those who have manifest
ed towards this paper and its editor, kind feelings and
good wishes. We call them preliminarj’ remarks, be
cause it is our intention, in subsequent numbers, to offer
to the consideration of the citizens of Georgia, a series of
other remarks upon past events and past political occur
rences, which we conceive to be necessary to the devel
opment of our Views of the events and political transac
tions which are to follow those which have taken place,
and which may yet produce much agitation in the public
mind. We shall not, however, confine ourselves exclu
sively to political subjects. IYe shall exert ourselves
upon other subjects less dry and perhaps more attractive
to a great many of our subscribers. But {he times de
mand that every citizen should devote some of his atten
tion to political matters, in order that by a common effort
the public institutions of the country might be placed be
yond the reach of the attacks of the ambitious and de
signing citizens, who, looking only to self aggrandize
ment, office and power, care very little for the happiness
of their fellow men, and much less for their rights and
liberties, provided they can govern the land as they
please and monopolize its wealth. Against such men,
we shall direct, unceasingly, our animadversions ; far, as
we go for principles, we are determined to support only
those men who will fearlessly, independently, and disin
terestedly, defend and support those principles and that
policy, which alone can preserve the public institutions
of the country in their original purity. In the remarks
which we will find it our bounden duty to make, we will
speak of men & measures in moderate but firm language;
we will make no distinction between them ; we will con
demn, when we conceive condemnation should be pro
nounced; and we will commend, when we conceive
commendation is due. In the discharge of this duty, j
we may please no party, and we may give offence so
many. This cannot be avoided, when any one is in
search of truth, and tells nothing but what he believes
to be the truth. If this is to be our lot, be it so :we are
willing to meet all consequences, with the consolation
that we will have performed our duty.
Destruction of tlie Treasury Department.
The Washington Globe of the Ist instant, fumiihst
us with the following information : '
" " e regret to announce the total destruction, by fire,
ot the Treasury building; but we are happy to add
that, as tar as can now be ascertained, all the public ad I
counts and vouchers relating to the receipt and dit.
bursement of the public moneys have been saved.
“ I' is understood that the fire was discovered at half
past 2 o’clock on Sunday morning, by a person acciden.
tally passing. Tiie flame was first seen issuing from the
windows of the room on the upper floor adjoining the
centre projection, on the north front. The
immediately given ; and by gr£at exertions on the part of
the Secretary and other public officers, as well as on the
part ot the citizens generally, who seemed to take an
equal interest in the matter, the most important part of
the public papers were preserved. The public records
and documents, being the chief objects of solicitude, the
principal and earliest efforts were made for their preser
vation.
“The manner in which the fire originated, has not
been ascertained. The necessary measures have, how l
ever, been taken to obtain information on the subject*
and, as soon as the result is known, it will be com muni;
i cated to our readers. It appears that the messenger,
whose turn it was to watch, was absent, from sickness*
and that the person who usually sleeps in the building*
was not awa'.e of the fire until he was awakened from
the outside-.
“ The Secretary has, with great promptness, engaged
several contiguous houses opposite to Strother’s Hotel*
for the use of the Treasury: the public books and pa
pers have already been removed f > them ; and the bu
siness of the Department will be transacted there to-daf
as usual.
TiiE PROVIDENCE R. I. MICROCOSM.
The proprietor of this paper, Mr. Daniel Mowry 3d*
announces his retirement from newspaper printing in
the following manner :
“This is the last number of the Microcosm which will
have Daniel Mowry 3d for its proprietor. To-day I
shall sffll all my right, title, and interest in this paper,
and then turn my feet towards the old homestead with
as much good will as 1 should fly from the plague. If
i there be any thing desirable'in conducting a public press,
I have had a good opportunity to know it, and I do
not wish to be convinced by any further experience.
Whatever may be the enjoyments which others derive
from a situation like mine, I feel no reluctance to ex.
change them lor the plough and scythe, (five me a snug
little farm and I care not how soon 1 see the back side of
a printing office. Not the least blessing arising from my
change of business is, that I shall be free from all
ecclesiastical tyrrany and religious intolerance. I do
not regard the ordinary obstructions which are thrown
in my path, but wbeii religion is brought in to assist in
the work of persecution, I had rather stand back; t
must not omit here to pay my valedictory acknowledge,
ments to the Masons, congratulating them on the success
which has crowned their efforts in the General Assem
bly, and relying on the election of John Brown Francis
to accomplish what has been so auspiciously begun.
Nothing in my life lias afforded me half the pleasure
which I shall feel in once more returning to my old occu
pation. I bid my readers a hearty good bye, and assure
them that I shall never cease to hope for their prosper!-
ty and happuiess.
N. B. — i shall bo at tiie office es the Microcosm every
Saturday for a few weeks to come, where I shall attend
to the settlement of my accounts, and shall be happy to
hold an hour’s chat with any of my old friends who will
favor me with their company.
The Proprietor.
(FT We call the attention of our readers to the fol->
lowing extract from a speech lately delivered by Mr.
J. C. Spencer, in the legislature ot New-York, on the
proposition to repeal the usury laws of that State.’
The true and just remarks of Mr. Spencer are as ap
plicable to this section of the country as to New-York;
and they should not be the Jess felt, and admitted to bo
a correct view of society among us, because they place
before our eyes a well drawn picture of lamentable
scenes which are of daily occurrence :
“ A consequence of this temptation to the capitalist to
lend his money, was that more wou.d be borrowed, and
that our present system of credit would be extended as
far as the cupidity ol the lender and the speculating rage
■ ot the borrower would permit. And indeed it had been
urged as an argument m favour ot repealing the usury
laws, that more money would bo loaned, and that inoro
extensive credits would be obtained. For himself, Mr.
JS. did not hesitate to declare that he deprecated such s
result, lie believed that we now over-traded ; that the
system ot credit was carried too far ; that too many ato
'■heir bread before they earned it. The rage of specula--
tion had become so universal, that the ordinary pursuits
i ot industry were despised, and young men were seen
i abandoning the.r farms and their work-shops, to become
the letaiiers ot tape and calico, in the hope of acquiring
[’ fortunes. Inis had given rise to a must pernicious he
resy, namely, that almost any employment was more re
• speclabie than that of the fanner or mechanic. In hi*
opinion, no calling was more honorable, more truly in* ”
- dependent, and none was to be compared to them in their
, importance to the prosperity ol our country. They
tunned the solid foundations ot our government, and pre
served that equality of political rights, which is the ob
ject of all our institutions. 1: would be most unwise, ini
conceived, to oiler any more inducements to those al
ready existing, to entice the young ol our country from
those pursuits which gave them health, vigor, indepen
donee, and moderate but sure and steadv gums, and to
lead them into the field ot hazardous adventure, by the
dazzling hope ot sudden wealth, liovv lew realize their
dreams. Jet the history ol Fearl street in your great me
tropolis witness. Mr. S. said, he was inidrmed on the
best authority, that every ten or twelve years produced
an entire revolution among the inhabitants of that cele
brated street, and that although a very few have retired
in affluence, yet the names of the great muss of those
who had disappeared, would be found in the advertising
columns ot the state paper. Look into the country, and
you will behold the same result among the great body of
those who have engaged in trade. .Some villages were
within his knowledge, where there was scarcely a mer
chant who hud survived lor twelve vears in good credit.
The cause of this, was well known io those who had ob
served our system of business. Credit, was all the ca
pital that the great majority brought into trade, and the
least fluctuation in the market,'the smallest reverse m
commerce, produced a recoil that soon exhaused their
stock. Our government began by loaning to our mer.
chants, for periods varying from eight to twenty four
months the amount of duties collected on the importa
tion of foreign goods. Manufacturers ofother countries
deluged us with their fabrics, which were to be pur
chased on credit merely by asking for them. Our
importing merchants strained their credit to tiie ut
most in obtaining cargoes which they brought among us.
To dispose of the immense stocks thus brought in it
became necessary to extend an unbounded credit to the
country dealer.—'Thus tempted, 4 the retailer purchased
beyond his means, and beyond the wants of bis custom
ers. In the mean time, the very glut in the market
which produced this credit, diminished the prices of the
| articles for sale, and a new set of purchasers arrived
; to lay in new stocks, at a cheaper rate, and to compete
with their neighbors. Ihese in turn, struggled to main
tain their ground, and pushed their credit“to its utmost
verge; and thus a race of folly was mn, which could have
but one termination.
“.Sir, said Mr. S., I have been describing scenes with
i which every man who hears me is more or less familiar.
We all know what aid the multiplication of banks has
given to these operations. The facility with which
money could be obtained has added to the temptation of /
borrowing; good natured friends could be induced to
lend their names as surities for the loans; the appetite
foradventure, like all other appetites, was increased by
the aliment which at once nourished and gratified it •
until after the usual round of wild speculation, we have
seen the common result, in the ruin of those friends or
their great injury, and the casting upon the world, a man
| every way unfitted for the ordinary employments of life
j lie can no longer stoop to the dull drudgery of labor*
his habits and his feelings are equally averse to it. Like
the gambler, he dreams on, expecting some sudden freak
of fortune to bring him affluence, until years of suffer
ing have taught him the wisdom of depending more on
his own industry and less upon chance. Can anv man
soberly and seriously desire to enlarge the present vast
field of speculation, to increase this system of credit
and to stimulate this maddening rage for gamine bv of
ferine still further inducements to “lend and borrow mo*
ney V*
I*****® 1 ? 3 !'’" 1
Eleven millions eight hundred thousand newspapers
passthrough the New York Post-Office, annually. So
; says tiie N ew-Y ork Gazette, and that is good authority.
Eleven millions eight hundred thousand, annually! E
qual to thirty.two thousand three hundred and twenty
nine, daily! “ Ihink of that Master Brook!” And the
Gazette threatens us with double that number in a few
years.