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[From Ihe National Intelligencer. J
TO WILLIAM LOR MAX Esq.,
PRSIDENT OF THE BANK OF BALTIMORE.
Sir: Although my transit through Baltimore
has not allowed time to communicate with you
since my last address, yet the deep stake you
have in the prosperity oV the Republic will ren
der acceptable my crude suggestions, even
should they not harmonize with your own deli
berate opinions.
Subsequent events have demonstrated that I
only rendered justice to the Administration in
believing they were sincerely desirous to aid the
community in a return to specie payments.
“The notes of all sound specie-paying banks
are received and dispersed by their agents; no
demand for coin has been made on any institu
tion; and, to enable the Treasury to meet, hy its
own resources, any amount of specie that may
be required for the mint, Indian annuities, or
other disbursement,” the bill which has passed
the Senate authorizes, tot idem verbis, the sale of
stocks in foreign countries, in order that our float
ing capital, required for mercantile operations,
may not be absorbed by Government securities;
and, without the slightest desire to render more
th a n justice to the powers that be, (for I neither
seek nor would accept any favor from them, my
oulv intercourse with the President being that
which one gentleman holds with another,) I aver
that, in reviewing their acts, save one of omis
sion only in not repealing hy Presidental man
date the Treasury circular, which Congressional
legislation will more effectually accomplish, no
reproaches can he made for dereliction of duty
towards the banks; constituting, in my judg
ment, if not the Republic itself, the elements
necessary to its vitality and healthful aiteiial
circulation.
Indebted fifty millions, no coercive measures
have been resorted to. On the contrary, pay
ment was received in the manner most accepta
ble to them; and wiicn the south-western banks
required time, it was freely extended to the ut
most limit demanded.
It affords me pleasure to put on record an in
cident. highly creditable to the Union Bank of
Maryland, one of the depositories at the time of
the suspension. Their indebtedness amounted
to $ L.600 : 000; it was promptly reduced to
$ 11,300; which the anxiety of her worthy Pre
sident to discharge induced him to tender to me
four per centum, being tbc premium 1 reasnry
drafts then bore, and actually to pay me $1,642
to transfer my claim to this amount to !iis credit;
and, although a genuine Whig, entitles, in my
judgment, the institution over which he presides
with so much ability to a share ot Government
favor hereafter.
If the sympathies of those who control the
finances were not enlisted in favor of the hanks,
still they are disarmed of their power to do mis
chief by their present position. Twenty-seven
millions deposited with the States, in perpetuity;
twelve millions due by the United States and
other banks; four millions of merchants’ revenue
bonds renewed, leave them mendicants for their
daily bread; and for the next two years they
must disburse as fast as they receive. Conse
quently, nothing can be locked up in Treasury
vaults; not a dollar withdrawn from active cir
culation. But I repeat no such desire is felt; to
express it would be a dereliction from common
sense; to act on it, suicidal.
Having witnessed the beneficial effects result
ing from an absolute, unqualified, general, and
generous resumption of specie payments in New
York, I propose to give you my experience
thereon.
Confidence, universal and all-pervading, is
restored; the precious metals gladden the eyes
of all, even unbelievers in the ability of Inc banks
to accomplish this desideratum; business revives
with unrestrained elasticity; although liberally
paid out, the deposites increase daily; old women
and feeble-minded men, wearied with sitting on
their money bags, which produce no brood, drag
them out from their hiding places, and restore
them to their appropriate position, in well-se
cured vaults, knowing that the deposite will be
available when required. This is the legitimate
use of gold and silver, the representative of
value, valueless in itself, for any other pur
pose.
' To a few clear-sighted, firm and intelligent
financiers in Wall street is the nation indebted
for this great result, and to no individual, in the
same degree, as to that accomplished financier,
patriot, and statesman, Albert Gallatin, whom
a benignant Providence lias preserved to a pa
iriarciical age, in the full vigor of his luminous
mind, a beacon light, to guide, instruct, and
Hess his country, by counsels pure, disinterested.
of servility, combining the experience of the
past century with the noon-day light and intelli.
gcnco of the present, he cheered on and sustain
ed the wavering and timid, bid them be resolved,
and the work is done. Such was the fact in
1817, said he; so will it be now. Lord Byron re
marks, where there is a will, there is always a
way. Richelieu being asked by his great mas
ter if it were practicable to accomplish a diffi
cult work within a limited period, replied, “Sire,
ifit be possible, it is done already ; if impossible,
it shall he done.” And to my friends in Balti
more I say, resume; if is hut to be resolved, and
it is done. It will be the bursting of spring upon
the desolation of winter; a feast of fruits and
flowers after a carnival of the damned; a pillow
of fire by night, that will rise till it meet the sun
in its coming, the earliest light of the morning
gild it, and parting day linger and play on its
summit.”
Sustained by the Gonernnient, the Southern
and Western banks are determined to resume
immediately on the repeal of the specie circular.
These states are indebted to you, and the liberal
offer of credits iu New York to any required
amount will soon bring them on their feet. 1 pro
pose to allay all apprehensions from the only
source possessing the ability to embarrass you.
Docs not the amount of your balances due the
great commercial emporium present any obsta
cle? lam authorized to say that New York
will not ask their liquidation until perfectly con
venient. And although our specie resources are
now ample, yet as a skilful general always car.
ries into the battle-field, if at his command, a
force more than adequate to ensure victory, I
am authorized to tender you any amount of coin
that you may require, at par. Ten days since I
addressed a circular to ail the banks proposing to
furnish them $300,000 at three per cent, premi
um, which was the difference in exchange be
tween the two cities, and I yesterday supplied
all orders in sovereigns. Haifa million more is
at your disposal. I ask no commission, no pre
mium, except the difference in exchange; and
the final passage of the appropriation bills will
in a few days enable me to command Treasury
notes, which bring par in New York to the full
amount required.
It is tlue to yourselves, it is due to the com
munity—national honor, national faith, indi-
Meual integrity, require that irredeemable paper
cui rency should no longer inconvenience, annov,
anu offend a suffering community in their hour
ly transactions with cacli other. With what dc
-,*oo o consistency or propriety can you demand
interest on an individual’s notes for a term of 60
or 90 days, at the expiration of which he pays
you principal and interest in exchange for your
notes, paying nothing, not even professing, pur
porting, or promising to pay either capital or in
terest.
Tile only difference between suspension or re
sumption is, that, in the one case, the banks a
gree not to redeem their notes or deposites in
specie; in the other the community agree not to
demand specie. Distrust of their ability produ
ces the necessity for the first; confidence the re
sult of the second.
We live in a land where public sentiment is
paramount, and the law of opinion absolute and
uncontrollable; it breathes now in gentle mur
murings, hut will make itself heard in louder
tones if too long and too indiscreetly resisted.—
The history ofthe Bank of America, one of ma
ny, shows ou which side the obligation lies.—
During the term of its being a depository, their
discounts accumulated to sixty millions; losses
by bad debts, twenty-seven hundred dollars. Du
ring the expired term of its chartered existence,
their discounts amounted to four hundred mil
lions; total losses, sixty nine thousand dollars,
on loans to merchants alone. The Bank of Eng
land, which loans to hankers exclusively, shows
results fourfold more disadvanfageous; and so
much confidence is felt in our national and com
mercial integrity, that near six millions of dol
lars are now in transitu, making ten millions of
dollars sent for safe investment; and in a letter
recently received from the Chancellor of the Ex
chequer; who, although a Commoner, has risen,
by the force of intellect, to his present elevated
position, he treats as transitory and illusory our
imaginary financial difficulties. A groat and
powerful nation, blessed with a fertile soil, in
dustrious population, and exhaustless resources;
with a Treasury note debt of one or two millions
sterling, needs but little recuperative energy to
absorb them by its revenues; and from his per
sonal knowledge ofthe cool, self-possessed, well
balanced mind of our present Chief Magistrate,
thinks we are far from being irredeemably lost.
Our difficulties are really those of the imagina
tion; the panacea a sound and uniform currency.
“Tis from the past we shadow out the land.
Where smiles long lost again shall light our way.”
Experience is a monitor which no wise man
disregards iu the present enlightened age. I
see before me a cloudless sky. glorious sunshine,
prosperous gales, ami a happy nation. May tue
Great Giver of all good enable us to appreciate
and enjoy them aright, and the tribute of grateful
hearts be rendered up to Heaven’s shrine as
most acceptable incense. Your friend.
JOHN BARNEY.
Washington, Mat 27, 1838.
[From the Southern Recorder .J
SOUTHERN COMMERCE.
The late Commercial Convention at Augus
ta, composed of delegates from five of the South
ern States, has excited much attention in the
South, and marks an era in our history, which
if properly improved, will insure to us and our
descendants, that commercial mdcpciiLencc to
which as a people wc arc entitled.
I will assume, that the delegates to that con
vention went prepared to act heart and hand for
the general good of the South; and tlicuce that
: their first consideration was, how the South
. should be delivered from that commercial thral
■ dom under which it has so long groaned. It
i an y delegate or set of delegates acted under the
>' influence of any other motive than a full and
1 equal deliverance for all, they so far failed in
3 meeting the original design of the Convention,
r If any appeared there to advocate at all haz
-7 aids, the superior claims of any one city or sec
- tion over a ! l others, as a point at which to con
,l centrate tHe business of the South, they but so
- far proposed a change of masters, not a dcliver
-5 auce from the yoke. .
i Although it has been broadly hinted that
South Carolina through her delegates, looked
-for the selection of Charleston as a point ot
1 concentration, I have assumed above, that, such
v ivas not the ease; and consequently the question
2 now for our consideration, as Georgians, is what
is our duty as such, in connection with oui
s brethren of the South, w the grand design oj
s freeing ourselves from that dependence on North
s ern markets into which we have been forccc,
s not by the natural course of trade, but, by un
y toward events. The more readily to ascertain
i our duty now, let us glance at oyr condition
1 twenty years ago, in reference to (tiiect impoi -
t contrast that with our present condition, and
a enquire into tbc causes which have prouucec
- the change. . . ...
2 Twenty years ago, Georgia supplied herself,
3 and had always done so, by direct imports of
f most if not of all foreign articles, necessary for
- her consumption. At the period slated, there
were in Savannah, eighteen or twenty direct
t importing houses, and at least half tnat number
d i„ Augusta. Up to 1820, such a thing was
e hardly known, as a merchant going from Gcor
■, gia to New York to supply himself with a gen.
n eral stock of goods. Then, the merchant oi the
- interior found the markets of Augusta and * a
s vannah ami»ly competent!©supply all his wants;
d and it is confidently believed that in those days
i the oil Ivons of our State were supplied with
m gif/ousof aße tier ana more lasting none, man is
e much of the trash which in later days has been
i- exported to this country, by the English manu
i- facturer, on the conviction that, any thing would
I, do for America. Contrast that condition with
a our condition at the present lime, and we find
- that there are in Savannah two regular import
a ing houses, and in Augusta, it is believed, but
- three ; and instead of that regular and direct
- trade, which was once the pride and honor of
, our State, we find our merchants of the interior
, and of the seaboard too, periodically wending
- their way northward, and there, at the heavy
i expense consequent on travelling to and from,
i together with great loss of time, supplying them
! selves for the consumption of our State, with
T goods which to sad experience have too often
i proved to have been made for sale.
' The causes which led to this loss of direct
s trade, maybe stated in general to have been the
undue expansion of all kinds of business at the
i termination ofthe war, and the consolidation of
: immense banking capital at the North, by which
. the bait of long credits was temptingly and suc
-1 cessfully presented; and in particular, as regards
i ourselves, the destructive fire in Savannah, of
■ 1820, by which the energies of many of onr
r most enterprising citizens were prostrated, and
their means for extensive business if not entirely
s cut off, very much impaired, followed, ere there
- was time to recover from this disaster, by the
; prostrating calamities of 1825, originated, con
■ tributed to, and finally accomplished it. Inci
; dent to these producing causes, I would refer to
- the large stocks of manufactured goods export
i ed to this country ou manufacturers’ account,
[ with the two fold view of realizing on them and
i at. the same time of crushing the intant estab
[ lishmcnls of our own country. —These stocks
> were ordered to be sold, if not at one price at
another, and here originated that system of large
auction sales in New York, which has raised up
1 a class of men called Jobbers, at the expense ol
! the regular merchant.
In this state of things, we find ourselves at
1 the present day, and now that there seems to be
a willing mind to rise from it, what, are we to do.
To 1 evin, let there be a cordial renunciation of
all local jealousies, and a hearty co-operation, on
the part of all, in every work ot internal im
provement tending, as ail such undoubtedly do,
to advance our own fetatc, and aid her in assu
ming that high rank among her sister States to
which, by her unbounded natural resources and
the energy of her citizens, she is so Justly enti
tled. And then let all unite in a determination
to restore to her that direct trade which she once
possessed.—liCt tlie citizen of tlic low country
amUhe citizen of the up country unite, and by
their means and their talents, well directed, press
with vmortothe accomplishment of this grand
design. Let tlie merchant of tiie interior, agree
ably to the recommendation of the convention,
feel that the direct importer is entitled to his
preference and support.
Can there he a doubt on the minds of any, that
this is the true policy? Look at the exports of
our State, reaching nearly fifteen millions of dol
lars, while our imports arc less than one-tliirli
eth ofthat amount; shall this be permitted to
continue when our citizens have the power to
throw off the shackles of commercial vassalage,
and may at once resolve to be tree? Shall Geor
gia linger on, ami be still doomed to commer
cial dependence? Is there a man who has the
good of his own Stale at heart, (and where is the
Georgian who has not.) who would not checrful-
Iv put forth all his energies for her deliverance?
While it must be evident to every one that our
interest is to he promoted by carrying out the
plans of the convention, our patriotism is loudly
called on, to assert for our native State, free
dom and independence. What Georgian’s heart
floes not burn to aid in her deliverance? ll' ho
will set down listless and say, nature has
done every thing for us, and exertions on our part
is useless?
I would not be understood as pressing the
| claims of any one city of our State, as a concen
| trating point; I care not whether Savannah or
Augusta, Macon orColnmbus, shall be the point
i of concentration, but I do care to see the trade
\ of our State going to other States, when we have
| sue!) ample means at borne. All that is wanted
! is unanimity and action.
Soon the Georgia Railroad and the Central
\ Railroad, with numerous branches to various
I sections of the State, will he completed, and thus
j will be afforded to our citizens, ready means of
j communication and intercourse. Through these
channels I hope soon to sec, the sectional differ
ences between the low country and the up coun
| try, if they ever had any other existence tiian in
l name, by social intercourse thoroughly discard.
1 ed, forever buried; and all our citizens, like a
band of brothers, uniting, heart, head and hand,
j in the one, noble, glorious and patriotic cause—
j THE GOOD OF THE STATE.
Wealth and Independence.
[From the Baltimore Ameriron. June G.]
WASHINGTON, >
Monday Night. June 4. (J
1 110 USE OF RE PR ESEIS TA FIVES.
The debate on the Indian Appropriation bill
continued until Mr. Cushman moved tiio Previ
ous Question, which, if carried, would have the
effect of cutting off the amendments adopted in
Committee of the whole in relation to the Che
. rokees.
But tellers being appointed, there was no
. second. So the Previous Question was not or
, dered.
. | The debate was then resumed, principally by
) Messrs. Biddle and Downing.
Mr. DOWNING, in reply to some of the re
. marks of the former charged him with cherish
r mg malice against persons who were obnoxious
y to him, and of rolling it like a sweet morsel un
j der his tongue until an opportunity arrived to
. spurt it forth.
f Mr. BIDDLE denied the imputation as false.
3 Mr. DOWNING here rose from his scat, and
] advancing towards Mr. 13. in a menacing atii
j tude demanded to know if Mr. B. meant to
charge him with falsehood.
Those around held Mr. D. back, or from his
demeanor it is very probable that violence would
- have ensued.
0 Mr. BIDDLE repeated that t lie imputation
was false, and he defied any one to show that in
a single instance he had borne malice even to
t wards his worst enemies.
d The question Was then taken on Mr. Bell’s
f own amendment, proposing to appropriate two
j, millions to allay all discontent arnongjhe Che
n rokees, which was rejected. Ayes 90,. Noes 112.
t The question then recurred on Inc amend.
;■ j ments offered by i\Tr. Bell from tue Coni in i .tec
,‘f lon Indian Affairs, as published yesterday. Adi
!- vision of the question being called, the vote was
1 taken on the first, amendment, and adopted. Ayes
’’ 189, Noes .15. The question being then taken
[3 on the second, it was also adopted Ayes 1 74,
i, Noes 20.
0 Mr. EVERETT wished to add another amend
r] ment. but it was cut off by the Previous Question
d being ordered.
The bill as amended was then read a third
? i time and passed, Ayes 143, Noes 37.
f The House then adjourned.
’ WASHINGTON, June 5. 1838.
. UNITED STATES SENATE.
r Mr. TALL MADGE presented several memo
s rials from the city of New York on the subject
■. of the currency and the establishment of a Na
i. tional f’ou ndry. .
e Mr. DAVIS presented several memorials, re
i- monstrating against ihc enlurcetnent ot the
;; 1 Cherokee Treaty
■ s I THE CHEROkEES.
h ' Mr. WHITE, from the Committee rn Indian
s ; Affairs, to whom had been referred the Prcsi
n deni’s Message and letter of the Secretary of
i- ; War in relation lo the conciliatory proposition
d j made to the Cherokee Delegation, mado a report
h i which was laid on the table and ordered to be
d | printed.
;- | ADJOURNMENT OF CONGRESS,
t ' Mr. MORRIS offered a resolution, proposing
t that Congress do adjourn on Monday tlie 2.1 d. y
,f of July, and rc-assemble on the first Monday in
r November, and providing that no per diem al
ar lowancc shall he paid to members in ll e mean
er lime. It lies over one day under the rules.
INDIAN HOSTILITIES.
. f The House bill making appropriations for the
1 i suppression of Indian Hostilities was taken np,
! : read twice and referred to the Committee on Fi
j nance.
t Mr. DAVIS offered a resolution requiring the
; 1 Secretary of the Treasury to report tlie amount
3 ■ of expenses incurred in collecting the revenue
fj from imports and customs.
i i Tlie Senate then passed to the consideration
. of bills of a private and local character.
f WASHINGTON, June G. 183 G.
r UNITED S TA TES SENA TE.
1 A message was received from ihc President
r ofthe United Slates on the subject ofour Indian
3 relations.—lt was referred to the Committee on
3 Indian Affairs.—
INDIAN HOSTILITIES.
- : Mr. WRIGHT, from the Committee on Fi
> j nance, to whom had been referred the House
. i bill making appropriation for the suppression of
. Indian Hostilities for 1838, and the arrearages
i i for 1837, reported the same without amendment
- He intimated he would call for its consideration
3 to-morrow.
t Mr. WEBSTER, submitted a resolution, cau
• ing on the Secretary of the Treasury for a copy
i of any circular he may have issued since the
f passage of the Joint Resolution of June Ist pro
hibiting any discrimination in the moneys re
t ceivahle for public dues.
3 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
? The bill for dividing the Territory of W iscon
f sin and establishing the Territorial Government
i of loway came up next in order, the question
. being on the amendment proposing to reduce
, the salary of the Governor. After some remarks
. from Messrs. MORRIS, MERCERand others,
> Mr. ADAMS objected to the amendment.
1 He alluded to the great extent of the contom
. plated Territory, and maintained that the small
i salary proposed in the bill would be but as a
drop in the bucket compared with the arduous
duties required from the Governor. He also
made some allusion to the remarks of Mr.
Waddy Thompson on yesterday in relation lo
Texas'. He reminded that gentleman that tlie
agreement to recognize new territorial govern
ments already in the Union existed before Texas
had come into being.—He made sonic severe ie
marks on the subject of Slavery in Texas, for
which lie was called to order hy T the Chair ami
resumed his seat. _ .
After some further debate, a motion lo lay the
whole subject on the table was rejected a\ts
42, noes 134.
The amendment was then modified by re
ducing also the salaries of judges, and agreed to,
and the bill read a third time by its title.
The question then recurring on tlie final pas
sage ofthe bill, as amended, the yeas end nays
were demanded, and being ordered, were—yeas
118, nays 51. So the bill passed.
WASHINGTON, June 7.
UNITED STATES SENATE.
TREASURY ORDER.
The resolution offered yesterday by Mr.
WEBSTER, calling upon the Scretary of the
Treasury for a copy of any new order he may
have issued, was taken up and adopted.
ADJOURNMENT OF CONGRESS.
The resolution of Mr. MORRIS, proposing
the 2d dav of July as the day for closing the
present session, was, after a. few remarks from
M essrs. MORRIS, NORVELL, and LUMP
KIN, laid on the table.
INDIAN HOSTILITIES.
On motion of Mr. WRIGII P, the Senate then
took up the House Bill making appropriations
for the suppression of Indian Hostilities for 1838,
and for arrearages for 1837.
A debate arose on the general policy of the
Administration towards the Indians, in which
Messrs. WEBSTER. CLAY, of Ala., LUMP
KIN, PRESTON. STRANGE. SOUTHARD
and others participated.—lt is still pending.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
The first business in order was the considera
tion of the Joint Resolution reported some time
ago from the Committee on Commerce, requiring
tiie Secretary of War to furnish, at the com
mencement of next session ot Congress, a list
of all the surveys which have been made of
lakes Erie, Huron, Michigan, Champlain, and
St. Clair.
Tiie question pending was on the amendment
of Mr, WHITTLESEY, authorizing the Presi
dent to employ public vessels on those lakes in
surveying shoals, &c., when their services were
not otherwise required. It was further amended
by including Chesapeake Bay and Pamlico and
Albemarle Sounds, N. C.
The amendment thus amended was agreed to,
and after some debate the Joint Resolution was
read a first and second time, and ordered to be
engrossed for a third reading.
Tiie Committee on Public Lands, to whom
had been referred the Senate bill for relinquish
ing to tlie State of Alabama a portion ofthe two
per cent fund, &c., for the construction of roads,
reported the same without amendment. It was
referred to a Committee of the Whole on the
State of the Union.
REPEAL OF THE FIVE DOLLAR RE
STRICTION.
After the disposal of some private bills and
reports, Mr. KILGORE asked leave to submit
the following, but it was objected to:
Resolved by the Senate and House of Repre
sentatives of the United States of America, in
Congress assembled, That the operation of so
much of the act of June 23, 1836, entitled “An
act to regulate the deposites of tlie public mo
neys,” as prohibits the receipt of tlie notes or
hills of specie paying hanks, which have issued,
since the 4th July, 183 G, notes or bills of a less
denomination than five dollars, he, and the same
is hereby, suspended for the period of two years.
, And be it fin ther resolved. That, the operation
, of Uie second section ofthe act of April 14, 183 G,
entitled “An act making appropriations tor the
payment of the Revolutionary and other pen
’ sions OT the Umrai orates, for iiic year one
. thousand eight hundred and thirty-six, be, and
. the same is hereby, suspended for the period of
. two yeais.
, IK then moved the suspension of the rules for
, that purpose for one hoar.
On this motion the yeas and nays were de
manded, and being ordered were, yeas 96, nays
. 91. So they were not suspended, it requiring
, two-third^
-/[From the Washington Globe, Jane 7.]
In the Senate to-day, the bill for the suppress
ion of Indian hostilities was taken up, and Mr,
Preston, wit hout knowing any thing of the sub
jeet on which he inveighed, went to work after
the fashion of the letter wriling tribe, to maim
factuvc something to answer party purposes.
- Gov. Lumpkin, of Georgia, made short shift for
'• Mr. Preston, by presenting a clear narrative of
" recorded facts before the Senate. Mr. Preston
insisted that the course of the
" in proposing to conciliate the malcontent Chero.
- kees, by holding out inducements to voluntary
emigration, was altogether wrong, and had given
the Slates interested just cause of offence. The
1 Governor of Georgia was alluded to, as well as
- General Scott, as being badly treated by the
f course of the Department, which, it was pre
-1 tended, disappointed ail their expectations.
Upon this. Governor Lumpkin rose and read
; the extract of a letter from Governor Gilmer,
suggesting precisely the line of conduct adopted
by the department. It is as follows:
\ Extract from a letter from Governor Gilmer,
r dated,
1 Milledgeville, March 5,1838.
“The best informed persons residing among
■ (lie Cherokees express the opinion that Ross can,
if he will, remove his people, at once. To avoid
the great expense to the Government, and pre
' serve the lives and property of oar citizens and,
■ the Indians, which may he sacrificed if the treaty
is executed by force, the Government can ivell
afford to pay a very liberal price for the volun
tary and. immediate removal of the Indians. To
j enable Ross and the chiefs to effect this object,
I believe it to be necessary for them first to re
turn home, see their people, and let them be
satisfied that their efforts to change the treaty
have been honest, though unavailing. TheCher
okecs are so suspicions oftheir chiefs, that even
Ross, as entirely as he has their confidence,
might lose all power to serve them, if he attempt
ed to make a contract with the Government for
their emigration before they were consulted, and
i their approval of the measure obtained. If the
Government should ascertain, upon Ross’s re
turn homo, that he had the power, and was will,
ing to undertake the removal of his people, the
terms" of the contract could be agreed upon with,
out difficulty or delay.
“ If the pertinacity of Ross should create any
difficulty, it might be obviated by making no re-
in his contract to the treaty.”
\-How far Mr. Preston’s assertion that the Se
cretary arrested the operations of Gen. Scott,
and prevented that officer from doing his duty
in removing the Indians, will be seen from the
following letter, just received through the Gov
ernor of Georgia, on that subject:
Milledgeville, June 2, 1833.
Sir.: Having just arrived from the scence of
operations in the Cherokee country, I avail my
self of the honor of communicating to your Ex
cellency tiie movements of my chief, Gen.
Scott, within the limits of Georgia. Upon the
the 24th ult. be placed the Georgia volunteers
under the command of Gen. Floyd, in position,
and on the 25th commenced operations. Gen.
Floyd, in person, commanded the first detach
ment that operated. The promptness and ability
ofhis movement gave to the commanding gen
eral the highest satisfaction, while it presented
to the balance of llic command a salutary ex
ample.
The number of prisoners on Tuesday last
about 3,000; and by this, I do not think there
is a wandering Indian in the Cherokee country,
within the limits of Georgia. The captures
were made with the utmost kindness and hu
manity, and free from every stain of violence.
The deportment of our Georgia citizens resi
dent in the Cherokee counties, has been marked
hy a forbearance and kindness towards the In
dians, that must win for them the admiration of
ever} 7 philanthropist. Permit me to conclude
• with the cougrat nlation of our rights being so
promptly and peacefully secured.
With the highest regard,
A. H. KENAN,
Volunteer Aid de-Camp to Gen. Srott.
Ilis excellency G. R. Gilmer.
This letter, too, we hope will satisfy Governor
Gilmer that the ground is untenable taken in
the following letter, writ'en byway, we suppose,
of acknowledging his obligations to the Secretary
at War for accomplishing the wishes expressed,
not only hy himself, but hy men of distinction in
ail parts of Georgia, as Gov. Lumpkin informed
the Scuatc. We annex this kind requital of
Governor Gilmer for tiie promptitude with
which the Secretary entered into his views of
; engaging Ross and others actively in the bust.
■ | ness of emigration. ’lt will he seen that his
i Excellency is now disposed to treat t lie military
force, busily engaged in urging and aiding the
emigration, as a hostile array against Georgia
to defend the Indians; and, in that view, is i
prepared to levy war on the United States.
Rut we give the letter and reply, that the coun
try mav judge Governor Gilmer on his own
showing. The hill was passed to a third read
ing by a vote of ayes 40. nocs 0, and would j
have finally passed, but that Mr Benton inti
mated a wish to spe : ik on it.
From the Governor of Georgia to the Secretory
of War.
Executive Department, Ga. )
Miilcdgeviile, May 28, 1533. S
Sir : I have had the honor of receiving from i
you the proposals of the Government to John
Ross, and instructions to General Scott.
The surprise and regret excited in myself at j
these proceedings of the Government, I am
sure will he felt by every citizen of the Slate.
I can give to them no sanction whatever.
The proposals to Ross could not he carried
into execution but in vioia’ion of the rights of
the State. The very making of them must
prove exceedingly injurious to tiie interests of
the people. i
The lands which are in the occupancy of the j
Indians in Georgia, are the private property oi j
its citizens; and the owners are now entitled I
by the laws to possession. For the purpose of j
preventing ail unnecessary suffering and hard- j
ships on the part of the Cherokees, these propri
etors have been earnessly entreated not to en
force their rights at once, but to wait until the
Indians should be removed by the army. They
have been assured that this would he done hy
the President as soon as possible, and in perfect
good faith. Sincere regret is felt that, the suc
cess of these efforts in the cause of humanity
has been defeated by the Government.
As soon as the proposals to Ross and the
1 instructions to General Scott are known to the
proprietors, they will no longer be restrained
from taking possession of their property. It
becomes necessary, therefore, that I should
i know whether the President intends, by the in
> structions to General Scott, to require that tlie
l Indians shall be maintained in their occupancy
. by an armed force, in opposition to the rights of
r the owners of the soil. Ifsuchistho intention
, of the President, a direct collision between the
3 authorities of the State and the General Govern
; ment must ensue. My duty will require that
. I shall prevent anv interference whatever by
i the troops with rights of the Stam and its citi
, zens. I shall not fail to perform it. To avoid
; misunderstanding, permit me to request that
. yon will communicate to me. and as early as
3 you conveniently can, the fleaiCent’s views up
-1 on tiii.s subject.
f I have no doubt but the Indians can he re
moved from the State, in the execution of the
r treaty, and by the troops now organized and
stationed in the country with that avowed pur
. pose, with more ease and expedition, and a rca
s dier acquiescence on the - art ofthe Indians, than
j by any means in the power of this State.
If, however, the Government consents that.
. Ross and ins friends shall remain two years long
er, the State will be obliged to get rid of the
evils which must necessarily arise from such
1 policy, by exercising its own rights of jurisdic
tion, and remove them by the most efficient
1 means which it can command.
Very respectfully, yours, etc.
GEORGE R. GILMER.
'' lion. Joel Poinsett.
' S -
I rom ihe Secretary of 11 nr fn the Governor of Ga.
> WAR DEPARTMENT, I
'* June 3, 1838. £
f Sir: I have the honor to acknowlege the re-
II ceipt of your Excellency’s reply to my commnni
c cation, conveying the proposals made by the Ex
s ecutive to the Cherokee delegation, and the in-
B structions to Gen. Scott; and from the tenor of
• your remarks I cannot hut suppose that your
*• Excellency must have misapprehended the true
[ 1 meaning and intent of the Government.
’> The question of prolonging the time ofthe rc
‘ moval of the Cherokees is expressly referred to
the States by this Department, and such exten- j
■j sion was not intended to embrace a longer peri- ;
od than that which might be required by a due
regard to the common dictates of humanity; it
1 being expressly stated that the Cherokees were
> to be removed as speedily as was consistent, with
tlicir health and comfort. Gen. Scott is, morc
- over, instructed to continue the prosecution of
I the measures he has adopted to remove the In
-7 dians, and whether their removal is to be cffec-
ted hy compulsion or hy voluntary emigration
• under their own agents, so to conduct his opera
-5 tions as to place the proprietors of the lands j
> there, in possession of their property, with as lit
- tie delay as possible. These instructions cer
: tainly do not warrant the supposition that the |
r Government consents that Ross and his friends
■ shall remain two years longer; on the contra.
1 ry, the orders of the Government arc most posi
> five that the Indians are to be removed from ;
• Georgia first, and from the other States as spee
dily as practicable; and your Excellency may
1 be assured, from the character ofthe officer en
! trusted with their execution, that these orders j
• will be carried into effect without any unneces
sary delay. The Department cannot therefore j
perceivmanvjcansc for the apprehension your Ex- I
ocllency seems to entertain of a collision between i
the authorities of the State and the General Go
vernment.
jr I fully concur with your Excellency in opin
• ion “that the Indians can be removed from the
State in the execution ofthe treaty, and by the
troops now organized and stationed in the coun
try with that, avowed purpose, with more ease
and expedition, and a readier acquiescence on
the part of the Indians, than by any means in the
power of this State;” (meaning Georgia,) and I
. beg leave to reiterate to your Excellency the as
surance that the troops will be employed, not in
opposing, but in vindicating, the rights of the
States interested in th.e fulfilment of the treaty,
and in establishing, without unnecessary delay,
their citizens in the possession of their property
in the Cherokee country. All parties must de
sire that this may be effected rather hy the vol
untary emigration of the Indians than by the
application of force, a resort to which, the Go
vernment desires most earnestly to avoid if pos
sible.
Very respectfully,
our most obedient servant,
_ J. R. POINSETT.
Ilis Excellency Georue R. Gilmer, S
of Georgia, Miilcdgeviile, Ga. J
T rr™™ fhc Few York \ew Era.]
Immediately on the resumption of specie pay
ments in I .iis cit \, exchange between ns. and every
part of the country where the hanks do not pay
specie, should tall from one third to one half of
what it hail been a few days previously, might
possibly have been expected, hut it has certainly
not been predicted by any body. We confess, our
impressions were, that it would have produced the
! opposite effect in some degree; although we did ex
pect, that the large importations of specie, wou'd
lend to equalize the exchange on the seaboard, and
between rbe great trading cities: still we did not
i apprehend the same result, as to exchange between
ns and tho states of Tennessee and Jlississippj,
! But although nobody expected such a fall in the
; exchange, between ns and the interior states, still
a moment’s reflection will satisfy any one, that the
result is the natural consequence of the recent large
importations of specie into ibis city. This it is,
that has lowered the premium or rate of interest
among ourselves, which is proved by the fact, that
money can now bo raised of the brokers, on good
notes, at a premium of one per rent a month. And
why should not the same cause that has produced
this effect upon our domestic credit, produce a si
milar ami proportionate effect in every part of the
country? Nothing is more clear than that this
gre w accession of money lias reduced the premi
um here. And if that has been the effect here,
why should it not reduce the rate of exchange,
pro pardonably, every where?
This. ;t strikes ns, is a pretty conclusive argu
ment in favor of a specie currency. !t shows very
clearly what it is that gives credit and confidence.
We have all heard a great deal of late from the
Whigs and Conservatives about the credit system,
and that it was in danger of being destroyed by
the Government: and about confidence, that th; t
also would be lost from the same cause: and the
; poor administration has been anatbemised, in eve
i ry form of speech, because it would not deposite
its debts (it has had no money for a year past)
with tiie banks, all of which was to restore conft
| deuce and preserve the credit svstem. Well, the
Govornmi n? has done nothing to relieve the rotm
' try. ilut a large number of ships have arrived
from foreign ports, not one of which, however, had
on board a single package of credit, or a bale of
j confidence; hut they all wore wo i freighted with
that humbug commodity called gold, or a metallic
1 currency; and, strange to tell, no sooner is this
useless, worthless ore landed on our wharves than
credit is revived, and confidence is restored This
is truly a striking commentary upon the grave and
high-sounding charges that have been fulminated
against the Administration for the Inst year, and is'
a true exemplification and verification of Whig
logic
Wc understand from onr mercantile friends flint,
I although there is no great show of an increase of
I business in the city, it is principally because there'
j is not much materia! remaining to do business with;
' that the stocks of all kinds of goods arc very light,
; and a-o nearly exhausted; but that orders for
j goods of every kind to an immense amount, have
been forwarded to every part of the world, and
there is every reason to believe that nn extensive
business will he opened before tlio fall with every
part of the country —not, it is to ho hoped, upon
the basis of 1337, hut upon that of 1827 and 1828.
JACKSONVILLE, .TUN E 7.— lndian war again,
—By Nr. Stephen Hull, direct from Suwannee, we
learn than the Indians have again given employ
ment to our brave frontier population
Mr. If. says, “ on Saturday last, a person hunt
ing in the vicinity of Falling Creek Settlen.ent, dis
covered fresh Indian signs, and immediately turned
to the settlement and informed ("apt. Sanderlin,
who started in pursuit the next morning. The In
dians were overtaken near the Okefinoke Swamp,
and a sharp conflict ensued, in which it is said the
whites acted bravely, but after having two of his
men wounded, (one severely, the other mortally,)
Capt. S. was compelled hy the superior force of ihe
enemy to retreat. The next morning, however,
he concluded to give them another trial, and he
overtook them—engaged, and was again driven
back—the fort e of the Indians not known—bet
supposed to be about double the number of the
whites. We hope for further particulars in time
for our paper.
[From the. Baltimore American.]
Cotton and Tobacco from the South Western
States are beginning to seek an Atlantic market by
w:iy Pittsburgh nnd Iho Ppnn< ylvnnio Omnih t
instead of pursuing the old route of the river to
New Orleans. These are the beginnings of new
and enriching Hines of internal trade which will
flow from the West through the short and direct
channel of the Pennsylvania State works to the
markets of the middle States. If the peetdinr ad
vantages offered hy these Canals are sufficient, to
divert an important trade from its long established
channels, so will also the same advantages operate
in attracting to our city the products which pass
through them, on the completion of the short and
direct route to be opened by the Susquehanna Ca
nal to tide.
[Fr m ihe Pittsburgh Gazette , June 2.]
P F.NN S V LVA NIA C A N A L.
The report which we annex will be found highly
interesting. It will he seen that Cotton and To
bacco form very considerable items in the business
of the Canal:
Cox-lector's Office, 7
Alleghany, June 2d, 1838. £
V Tonnage. Tolls.
” Last week’s report, lbs. 37,297,004 $25,920 80
Week, ending Fri
day, Ist instant, 3,401,778 2,335 44
Total Tonnage and
Tolls, sir ce first
Nov., 1037, lbs. 40,009,382 28,273 33
The following statement will no doubt, gratify
many of your readers, as exhibiting a condensed
view of some of the most prominent articles of
Western and South Western produce and manu
facture, cleared Eastward, at this office, from 27th
March to3lst ultimo:
Barrels Flour, ----- 00,933
| Bushels Wheat, ----- I],OJO
- do Corn and other Grains, - 333"
: Pounds Bacon, - - - 0.031,172
do Tobacco, ----- 2,592,494
do Cotton, .... 070,227
do Wool, .... 173,538
do Hemp, - - - 595.583
do Lard and Tallow, ... 400.304
do Butter and Cheese, - - 13,011
do Feathers, - 21,112
do Pork, ------ 045
THOMAS FAIRMAN, Collector,
It would appear that tinman enterprise, not con
; tented with exploring the fields of earth and air, is
; seeking for itself occupation in diving beneath ihe
waves of the ocean, and recovering thence trea
sures that had been regarded as forever lost. The
invention by a Captain Taylor, of an air and water
fight dress denominated “Submarine Armor,” has
been adopted as the means of visiiing the founds
; tions of the vast deep. This contrivance is soar
ranged as to enable the explorer to walk about at
will on the bottom of the sea, and examine at lei
sure the objects of his search. While thusoccupi
ed the wearer of the armor is furnished with an
i ample supply of atmospheric air from above, by
j means of a forcing pump. A company has been
already formed in New York with a view to sub
marine investigations, and their efforts have met
I with considerable success. Inasmuch as each per
; son acts independently of any other in using the
invention, it is only necessary to multiply the suits
of armor in proportion to the number of individu
als whose services are required. Successful at
tempts have been made to recover articles from the
wreck of the ship Bristol, lost sometime since not
far from New York, in which nearly sufficient
property has been found to indemnify the projec
tors of the enterprize for the expenses incurred in
providing the schooner used on the occasion and
other necessary equipments. Much lias been said
qP treasures lost in vessels that hate been wrecked
on varnus occasions, we 'ball now have an oppor
tunity of ascertaining the trulh of the matter.
ANOTHERSTEAMBOAT OUTRAGE. J
The Steamboat Telegraph fired into hy a body
of armed men at Brockville. —The Telegraph
left Oswego at 6 o’clock on Saturday evening,
June 2d— touched at Prescott as usual—and
reached Brockville about 9. Here «he landed
at the lower dock —took on board and left a num,
ber of passengers —received the visit of an un,
armed mob, who ransacked the cabins, and
otherwise evinced a turbulent disposition—and
was moving past the upper wharf, when she w tv