Newspaper Page Text
BY GUIEU & THOMPSON. AUGUSTA, GA. SATURDAY MORNING, JULY 23, 1838. VOL. XVI.—NEW SERIES, NO* IT.
■■ rri> TST~ ; -y^''TiVrfS V
THS CONSTITUTIONS L IST.
OFFICE IV MACINTOSH-STREET.
Thirl door from the .V. W. corner of Broad-street.
Sales of L VN T D by Ail niuistrators, Executors. or
*» i vr fiaus.are required, by law, to be held on the
first Pues lay in the mouth, between the hours of
tea in the forenoon and three in the afternoon, at
the lourt-H mse in which the property is situate.
N nice of these sales must bo given in a public
Gazette sixty dvYS previous to the day of sale.
Sales of VE >ll DBS must be at public auction, on
the first Tuesday of tho m rntii, between the usual
hours of sale, at the place oi public sales in the
County where the letters Testamentary, or Ad
ministration, or Guardianship, may have been
granted, first giving sixty davs notice thereof,
in one of the public iazettes ofthis Stale, and at i
thednon.f the Court-House where such sales
are to be held.
Notice for the sale of Personal Property must he
given in like manner, forty pays previous to
day of sale.
Notice to the Debtors and Creditors of an Estate,
must be published for forty days.
Notice that application will be made to the Court
of Ordinary for leave to sell LAND, must be pub
lished for FOtjß MONTHS.
Notice for leave to sell NEGROES, must he pub
lished four months, before any order absolute
cau be given by the Court.
EXPRESS KAILS* —Proposals for carry- j
ing a Daily Express Mail on horseback, or ;
in railroad cars, for the purpose of conveying slips I
from newspapeis, in lieu of exchange newspapers, |
and letters, (other than such as contain money! i
not exceeding half an ounce in weight marked
* Express Mad,” and public despatches, from the
times hereinafter stated, to the 30th of .June 134-3,
inclusive, on the following mutes, will be received
at the Post Office Department until the 21st day
of September next, to be decided by the 2-ltli day
of said month.
1. From Gaston, N. C. to Raleigh, SO miles and
back, to stou at two immediate points, if required.
Service to commence on file Ist July, ISSJ.
Leavp Gaston daily at 9i p. ra arrive a; Raleigh
next day by 41 a in.
Leave R.neigh daily at 6i p. ra. arrive at Gaston
next day by ! i a. m.
2. From Raleigh to Fayetteville, 60 miles and
back.
Service to commence on the Ist of July, 1839.
Leave Raleigh daily at 1J p. m. arrive at Fay
etteville sane day by 10i a. m.
Leave Fayetieville daily at Ip m arrive at Ra
leigh same day by 6 p. m.
3. From Fayetteville, by Cheraw, S C. and
Camden, to Columbia, 156 miles and back.
Service to commence as aforesaid
I Leave Fayetteville daily at 10, a. m arrive at
Columbia next day by I a. in.
Leave Columbia duly ur 10 p m arrive at Fay
etteville next day by 12 noon.
4. From "Columbia, by Augusta Ga. and War
rent »n, to Milledgeville, 10l miles and buck ; to
stop at one more point if lequired.
Service to commence on Ist July, IS3 J:
Leave Colum u i •! lily at i i. m. arrive at Mil
le Igeville same day by 3| p. in
Leave Milledgeville daily at 7 a. m. arrive at
Columbia same day by 9i p. ra.
5. From VMIe Igeville, by Micon, to Columbus,
133 miles an I back ; to stop alone more immediate
point ifrequired.
Service to commence on Ist July, 1339.
Leave Milledgeville daily at 3i p. in arrive at
Columbus next day by 3i a. m.
heave Columbus daiiy at 6J p. m arrive at Mil
ledgeville next, day by 6 i a m.
6. From Columbus to Montgomery, Ala. 81
miles and back ; to stop at one intermediate point
if required.
Service to commence on the Ist January, 1339.
Leave Colum ms daily at 3i a. m. arrive a Mont
gomery same day by Mam.
Leave Montgomery daily at 11 a. tn. arrive at
Columbus same day ny 6f p. m.
7. From Montgomery by Greenville to Mobile.
193 miles and back ; ti/stup at two more points if
required.
Service to comm nee on the Ist January, 1339.
Leave Montgomery daily at Hi a. ra. arrive at
Mobile next day by 7 a. m.
Leave Mobile daily at 3 p. m. arrive at Montgo
mery next day by ids a. m.
8. From Columbia, S. C.to Charleston, 125 miles
and hack.
Leave Columbia daily at 1 a. m. arrive at Char
leston same day by Ipm.
Leave Charleston daily at 9 a. in arrive at Co
lumbia same day by 9i p nt.
NOTES.
Each route is to he bid for separately. The
route, the sum, and the residence of the bidder,
should he distinctly stated in the bid; the sum
should be stated by the year.
No proposal will he considered, unless it bo ac
companied by a guarantee, signed by one or more
responsible persons, in the following form, viz :
“ The undersigned guaranty that ,
if his bid for carrying the Express Mail from
to be accepted by the Postmaster General,
shall enter into an obligation, prior to the first day
of Much next, with good and sufficient sureties to
perform the service proposed.
“ Dated 1838 ’
This should be accompanied by the certificate of :
a Postmaster, or other satisfactory testimony, that ;
the guarantors are men of property, and able to |
make good their guarantee. I
The Postmaster General reserves the power of :
changing the schedules, but not so ns to increase :
the expedition, without making the additional com- *
pensation authorised by law.
The mails are U> leave precisely at the time set.
Five minutes only arc allowed for opening and
closing ttiem at an intermediate office.
The pay of the trip will lie forfeited by a failure
to arrive in time. And this forfeiture may be in
creased into a penalty aot exceeding ten times the
pay of the trip, according to the circums'anees un
der which the failure happened. Fora repetition
of failures, the contract may be annulled.
No excuse whatever will be taken for a failure.
Departures and arrivals are to be regulated by
the app irent or sun time.
Double stock will be paid for, where it is actual
ly employed, when the in ,i! regularly exceeds se
venty pounds in weight.
If it should become neeessa r y, nt any time, to
discontinue the service, (a result which is not ex
peeled) the contractors will be entitled to receive
two months' extra pay.
The proposals should he scut to the Department
sealed, endorsed “ Proposals for the Express .Mail,”
nnd addressed to the First Assistant Postmaster
General. S. R. Hobbie.
Those who enter into this service must m ike up
their minds not to let bad roads, nor storms, nor
floods, nor casualties, nor dangers, prevent their
performance according to contract
• AMOS KENDALL.
Po«t-Office Department, June 6. 1333.
June 16 wl2
■ general agency.
THE, subscriber will attend to the renewal of
all Votes m the CENTRAL BANK, that
may be entrusted to his care for the customary
fee of one dollar for each renewal Also, to the
taking out and forwarding GRAN i S, for fitt> cents
Letters enclosing money and notes, (POST
PAID,) will be promptly attended to.
JOHN H ANDERSON.
Milledgeville, 20th April, 1333.
May i 5 ttulO
RECEIVED ON MONSIGVfIE NT.
-fl Art BOXES excellent TOBACCO, manu
,H fae.turedhvGoner.il E. C. Carrington,
Halifax, Va.. which will he sold low’ by
CLARKE, McTEIR & CO.
February 8 84
JOB PRINTING,
NEATLY EXECUTED AT THIS OFFICE
UNITED STATES MAIL FIVE.
Fine four horse Coaches to Athens, Georgia.
(Fifty mi!es travel on tlie Georgia Rail Road.)
HIRA3I S. WlliSulV returns his thanks to
the public for I heir liberal patronage since he
has commenced running the above line, and would
inform them—that he has purchased the interest of
his late partner in the line and will hereafter run it
on his own account. He has made every arrange
ment for the public accommodation, and in addition
to his mail line has added an accommodation line
travellers by both will be conveyed 50 miics on the
Georgia Rail Road His coaches are all new, and
made of the best materials; his drivers careful, and
horses gentle.
TIIF, 31 VII, LINE
will leave Augusta c\ery other day at half past 5
o’clock, via Rail Rond, for Washington, Lexington,
Athens, Jefferson, and Gainesville.
THE ACCOMMODATION LINE
every other dav, at the same hour, and by the Rail
Road, vta Crawfordsville anil Greensboro.
RETURNING.
The 3lai!bne vvillleave \thens,everyotherday
at half past II o’clock, A 31., and the Accommo
dation line every other day, at the same hour, and
arriveat, Augusta next afternoon by 4o’clock P. M.,
by the Georgia Hail Road.
Passengersfaim Augusta to Spring Place,should
leave Augusta on 3londaysand Fridays; via Gaines
ville. Canton, Cassville, and Rome to Spring Place;
they will intersect a line of four horse post coaches
■ to Nashville, Tcnn , also, a line of 2 horse post
| coaches via Athens, Tenn., to Knoxville, Tenn.,
j which runs three times a week.
sfCr The office in Vugusta is kept at the General
; Stage Office, in one ofthe front rooms of the Eagle
j and Phoenix Hotel.
{ All parcels, Bundles, &c , at the risk of the
| owner.
-1)5“ Fare to Washington S 5, Athens ?9, and to
other points in proportion
Augusta, Ga , May 1, H 33. 95 1
:)Cr The Sentinel. Augusta, Geo., and Athens,
Whig, will publish he above on* ea week for six
months and forward their accounts to H. N. W., :
Augusta.
TJNIT ETTsT AT rJM VTL.
nr rah. road and stige?.
SAVANNAH \ND 3JACO.N STAGE COMFY.
THE nropnet rs of this Lin° of Stages respect
fully inform the public that they h.iv* formed
a connection with the Central ail R>a l Company j
for the Iran port, itioo ofthe ail an ! Passenge-s,
and commence running on the Rail Road "ills i
L) VY, say 3) aides by the Rid Ron •, an 1 will run j
up the line of the Riil Ro.il through Louisville i
ami San lersv He and thenee direct to Macon.
Distance 19 ) miles Fa e through s'7.
Way passengers 10 cents t er mi e.
The days of depatiKP from Savannah and "'la
eon for ih»* mouths of Inlv, August and
will he I’uesd iy’.s and Saturday’s, and will run j
ihough in thirtv-two hours.
It is co-rein dated o't the Ist of October, we wi’l j
hivt* sixty miles o'" Rail Rond. >0 which nine the |
Stiges will commence running three times a w-ek, j
and will go through in twenty eight hours and I lie
(are will he reduced.
uCT - Passeng ts will be conveyed to and from the i
Rati R ,ad D.- ; i it by an O n tibit- free of charge. !
For seat-, apply at the City Hotel, Savannah, i
Martin & Mobs, Macon.
P. WILT BERGER, Agent.
Savannah, July 7 tu4 I July 0 I
~TtX " FO R HE VT. ' ~
psssa pf The three story sto e< and dwellings,
the canter of Broad and Campbell
streets, tire p-oof.
The two lltree story dwellings in Campbeil-st.,
next below'.
i'ho two two st iry dwellings, ca-t of the above
The o.ie two story dwelling, corner of Reynold
and Campbell streets.
'Pile one two story dwelling, corner ofCampbcll
and Bay streeis.
Four offices ou Campbell street.
The one two story store and dwelling, above the
upper market, occupied by 31 r. Edes.
The one three story fire proof store and dwelling
next ahave the Bridge Bank.
The one two story fire proof store and dwelling,
No. 4 Bridge Row.
The one two story dwelling near the lower mar
ket, ocenpied by Mr. Meredith.
'Die one three story dwelling near the Presbyte
rian church, occupied by Mr. ■siockton Apply to
McKenzie & bennoch.
N. B. Notes payable quarterly, and the > ccu
pants ptying for the use of the hydrant water on
'he lots. 8 sl3 July 7
i a T(7 RENT.
{Spat A COMMODIOUS BRICK STORE,
JMiiJLon Bnad street. For particulars apply to
31 ay 21 lid JNO. S. HUTCHINSON
I I^TOTICE. —The undersigned has appointed
13H JOHN II 31 V\N, Esq , his agent during his
absence from the state June 14 j
a, n AND HAS ALSO TO RENT, i
tssssffi Two commodious fire proof STORES, I
liigifl near the lower market, and over ihe said |
stores a commodious dwelling together with all |
needful out houses, stables, carriage house and i
garden, also on the same lot situated on Reynold
j street, a commodious dwelling house, srables and |
i carriage house. Possession to be given on the Ist :
of October next.
ASAPH WATERMAN.
1 June 14 t'hb 133 j
♦Y tti'i. A.«l C. •» Ai c,
RESPEJTFULLY informs his frimds and all
other customers who heretofore patronized !
j him. while Aga-it for I tsepb Shniuon, that he is;
' now and has been all along, since 10th October
last, engaged wi'li JAMIS ANDERSON & CO.,
i in the:r Dry » »>ds establishment, next door above
Turpin it L)’ tvignie's Drug store. Broad street,
where lie will be found eq tally as attentive to the
j raDa of h.» customers and all others who miy he
disp >sed to extend theircusto n to the New Estab
lishment. as formerly, and on as low terms —and
the assortment of Dry Go ids will he fmu I equally
as large and as choice as heretofore kept by him in
the same store.
The subscriber would il-o inform the public that
he is n «t an Agent for loseph Shannon, nor has he
had anv agency in anv h ist tess for him since the
subscriber discontinued it in October last, as the
public his also been notified by his advertisement
to that effect.
WM C. W AY,
1 Atthe ~>tor >of James /Anderson & Co. Broad st.
j Augusta. Geo.
May 31 132 I
New mil Fresh 1 inporte I Drv Goods.
JAS. A VDF.RSON T CO.
HAVE just received from Liverpool, direct, the
following DRY GOOD'S, which they offer,
for sale on their usual low ter.ns for (.’ ASH. viz :
14 pieces 4-4 black, white, and assorted colors Plaid
(ilasgow Ginghams
r 24 pieces do d * do and do
25 do small figured colored Jaconet Muslins
16 do do 31 turning do
60 do 31 anchester fancy Calicoes, ass'd patterns
> 10 do super hlkand white do. do
5 pt p cc« r.<‘h and beautiful lustre English black and
blue black Silks for L idies Dresses
Long Lawns of a very fine quality
ALoO FROM SEW VORK,
111 pieces white Pavi ion Gauze
53 do blue and green do
Together wvh other staple GOODS, suitable to
the present and approachingseasons
April 7 109
’ wishing to parch is» YARNS AND
GOODS manufactured at the Vancluse Manufac
tory, can be supplied by calling at the store of
3lessrs. Clarke, McTeir t Co. at Factory prices,
and all orders left st raid store will meet with
prompt attention. ?h Jan. 23
PIANO FORTES.
H PARSONS lias added to his stork, a sr.p
-• ply of those much esteemed Piano Fortes,
made hy M ssrs. Roliert Nunns, Clark At Co. of
New-York. The true character of these instru
ments is so well established in this part of th' coun
try. it is deemed nnnece-sirv to speak in their
p r ' :l i<e—indeed they speak for themselves
The stork, witch is now very large, compri-es a
trood n im'vr of instruments from each of our three
best in itinfa'fories, and it is believed, offer great
er advantages to purchases. than can be had at any
of th- Northern estab ish items.
June 3J _ 5
Ga. — Africa'taral Itnp'ement Jla-mfactory
AND
AUGUSTA IRON AND BRASS FOUNDRY,
Corner of Jones awl Cnmni a "-street*, second aboce
the Planters' Hotel
TUP uhseriher would call the attenrinnof plant
er* and others to iho assortment of AGRI
CULTURAL IdPLE ME NTS, Ac . whirl, lie has
on hand, consisting of Ploughs of the most approved
kinds and of different sizes, from light one-horse to
I heavy four-horse; Tlill-side and Drill Ploughs, Seed
1 Savers, in rows. Thrashing Machines, Corn Shel
| lers, different lends; «'«»rn and Cob Crushers, a first
rate article; Wheat Fans, Flomony dills, Cylindn-
I cal Straw Cutlers of different sizes, also various
i other Straw Cutters, Sugar “dills. Paint Mills, Tnrn
-1 ing Lathes, Circular Saws, Tyre Bending Machines,
&c Ate
He is prepared to d > heavy Iron Turning, or any
other w irk in his line, atsh « t n nice.
The Iron and Bra-s Fou airy is in full operation.
It iving a first rate workman to superintend the bu
siness, an 1 a goo 1 stock of the host pig iron and c*»al
on hand. Those in want of machine or any other
kin i of casting-, may depend on their beuig weil
done and of good quality
Castings for Cotton Gin Gearing, always on hand.
Also. Mill Irons,Ate. ROBERT PHILIP.
.lit e Ifi stf 139
"shim ICi RET IE AT FOR SALE.
a a Will he sold, if applied for shortly, the
Jssasß LO P and im irovements at the Sand Hills,
j§ipß known as the lu kinett Spring Plate.
formerly owned and oc mpied hy Col. Thomas
\Jr ir it '“h Lot c jntaiiis about twenty five. 25
acres, a large r»>rt. of which is in woods, and in
cludes Turkmen ’ Springs, from which the Cit y
of \ngii-.ta is sa iplie ! with water. On the premi
ses is a co ufirtahl * d .veiling with all other hudd
ings necessary for the accommodation of a family.
Possession can he given immediately.
VLSO,
V sutl! LOT, containing between two and three
acres, sep irated fro n the above hy the Milledge*
viile toil. Apply to HENRY 11. CLJMMI .An».
May S tuthtf 122
drikL A-11,
0 i the II til Road —19 aides from this rtftf.
|ass|H The su ascriber info - m his friends and
Ij-jigiffl ilie public, that ho his leas-<! front Mr.
Vender v. his late residence at Bell \tr, an 1 tit it he
is now prepired to a r * *o'n no late from twenty to
thirty persons with BO VR ) during the summer
months, commencing on the Ist May-
Bell Vir is situated on the line of the Georgia
Rail Roil, ten ini'es from the city, and the cars
pa s up and down daily within twenty feet of the
iloor. For health. Bell Air is not surpassed by any
spot in th* country, being sc mated on an elevated
point of land, and supplied with the purest spring
water.
The subscriber pledges himself to use every ex
ertion to accommodate those who may patronize
hisestahlishment. GEO M. WaLKER.
April 5 thrf lOS
PENSACOLA VI ANSIONHOUSE NEW
CITY OF PENS VCOLA
fasaso THEsuhsenher having purchased the
ISMfaffl lease and furniture of this establishment
from dr. Taylor, the late nruprieter, will he ready
to receive visitors by the first of \pril next.
Numerous and costly improvements will be
found in the arrangements and accommodations of
the MANSION HOUSE. New and more commo
dious Bathing Houses will be built, and Warm
Baths will he provided at all hours. A stable will
be attached to the House well good accommoda
tion for horses and carriages First rate Horses
I and Carriages will also bekept for hire at moderate
1 prices, and sail and row’ boats, with persons to
i manage them, for the use of the visitors. Billiards
I and other amusements usually found at wateiing
places, will also be furnished, and so conducted as
not to intertere with the comfort or quiet of the
hoarders. The wines and liquors will he ol the
best quality; and to ensure a full supply of i e, a
cargo has already been ordered, which will arrive
about the Ist of May.
Mr T. G. Baux\rd, who formerly kept so popu
lar a hotel in Washington City, will conduct the
i Hotel for the Proprietor, who, with such aid, con
fidently ensures the visiters of last year, and his
friends generally, that t hey will receive every pos
sible attention ; and thereby expe- ts to give gene
ral satisfaction
The local advantages of this house are too well
known to need i lengthened description here. The
facts that Pensacola is the largest naval station of
the government, the general rendezvous of the
Gulf squadron; the salubrity of its climate, re
freshed const only luring the summer months hy
the coolest breezes from the Gulf—the beauty of
the !>av and the neighboring islands and rivers,
the a un lance and delicacy of the fish with winch
the water abounds, and its proximity to the best
I southern m i keis. give Pensacoba the preference
over all o’her places in these latitudes, as a healthy
and leligh.tiil summer resort.
First rate hoits wdi run between Pensacola and
Mobile, and will at all ti nes h- able to take the
passengers from the New Orleans boats.
p ° N. ARNOLD.
Pensac In. Feh 15. 1335.
Gentlemen wishing to engage rooms for their
families, ran address the Proprietor at Pensacola,
i or Mr SEWELL T. TAYLOR, at New Orleans,
the former proprietor.
References. — T. Sanford, Esq . Mr C. Cullnm. B.
McAlphin; Esq.. Lieut. Ivibby, -Mobile ; S T.Tay
lor f. P. Rea, New Orleans.
. March 20 ™
~ $2O UevVAJtM.
gt. Runaway from the subscriber
j about the mbldie of January last,
his mulatto woman OIANA, aged
Seytf about 35 or 35 tears. She is about
/ .5 feet high, and rather a good figure
tti~~ tbir otherwise; has’o-t Iter u per
front teeth, an 1 is well known in this city, as well
a- m Savannah, where she vyas raised, and where
all her family connexions reside. It is very pr-ba
hie if she ts notin the ci yof Augusta or its vieitiity.
tb it she has made her w ly to Savannah, where she
, s het'er known by the name of Diana Merrillis.—
'The above reward will be gwen by tlie subscriber
to anyone who will lodge her in jail, sothat I can
"et her. 1 forewarn all Captains of vessels from
Taking her off. and ad persons r>m harboring her,
•18 site has no uemuirum me ’opa«s her any where
■ ,Bs “ e “ i H \VM. II OAKMV.N.
f July 3 tu * „ , 6
IKrThe Savannah Georgian will publish the a*
1 bovo once a week for four weeks, and forward itt
account to me, at Augusta- for payment.
[From the Globe ]
At a meeting of Republican members of the
Senate and House of Representatives held at the
Caoi ..I, July G. 1833, the Hm. JOHN M.
NILES, ot Connecticut, and tile Hon. CHAS.
E H AYNES, of Georgia. being Chairmen, and
tlie lion. George M. Kep.l, ot Pennsylvania,
and the Hon. N. L. TuaNSf, of Tennessee, act-
inil HS Secretaries, the A i.lress to the People of
the U n'ed Stales was received, and further con
sidore .; whereupon, on mo ion of the Hon. Hi
ram G ay, of New York, i was
■ Resolved, That the A idress be signed and
publislied iiy tile Co.noii tec who have prepared
it in behalf or" tlie Republican members of Con
gress. JOHN M. NILES, and ) ■
I'HAS. E. HAYNES, £ c,lairmcn -
Geo. M. Keim. and / .
HoL. I u.iNEY, 5
Address t;> the P. opie of the United States.
in a country a vjuicing vvi.h ihe rapiuuy of
ours, great changes, having a powerful control
over Us political rela ions and fu ure destiny,
must not uufrequen.ly oceU - , which may make
u Ine duty of those intrusted, for the time, with
the management of puolic affairs, in order to
avoid rnisapprehens-io , to punlish an exposition
of their principles id purposes. Sadi arc the
changes wiiich have taken place within the last
tew years, and which have already had great ef
feci on the political con-Ji ion of the country, and j
are destined still to have much greater hercafle .
Among these may be enumerated the final pay
ment of tbe public dent; the expira i>n of the
ciiarter of the United St ites Bank, without re- j
nevval; the fail of the misnamed American sys- i
tern; tlie rise and progress of abolition; and fi
nally, the stoppage of payment by the banks,
with ihu consequent embarrassment to • lie com
munity. and in the fiscal action of the Govern
ment. Never, in so short a period, since the
commencement of the G >vornrncnt, have so
many events, destined to effect so mighty a
change in our political con lit ion, occurre I.—
Tha. t ,e • first effect would he to unsettle public
opinion was to he expcc ed; and, accordingly, I
there never was a time, when ihe po itical ele- '■
ments of .he country were in a stale of gn-a'cr
contusion, an j when it was more important that !
those who are iturusteJ wi.h the management of
public-affairs, should recur Io first principles, and \
give u full and explicit exposition of their views. |
Act uated by these consi .e; alions, the Rcpuhli. :
ca i menibcis o. Congress, about to retui u to llieir
consu u nts, propose lo lay before them a brief j
cxposi ion of me principles by which they have
been gui :ed, and ineti 1 hert-af er to be govern- 1
c.i, on some or lie most important measures of
puolic policy acied on, and to be acted on, in
mo councils ol the General G >ven>nicnt.
Wo are deeply sensinlc that too much lias been
expected from tne deliberations of C mgress. A
uum ion and powerful pa ly has in iuced a large
portion of tlie people to look alone to the Con
gress oi the U uted Siat.es for relief. 'l’hey are 1
• aught to bel.evc that Iro n ibenoe alone can ema
nate tlie measii: es required lo restore the country
■ o peace, qinci, and happiness, unmindful that
we have a written Consiiiu ion to control those
Wno adnjiiiis er the various depart iicnts of Ihe
General Government. Many appear lo tbiok
ilia. Congress can do any an 1 every thing culled
or at this novel crisis m ihe affiirs of the coun
try. To guard against the fur. her progress of
ihistaial dvlusi n, and lo exonerate ourselves
ii’o n unreas niajle responsibility, we propose, at
tne threshold of this address, to present a con
cise history, touching the character of the Fo ie
ral Consii-. ution, and the origin of the two great
political parties which have divided, and will
probably forever divide, tlie American people.
Tnerc wore radical differences of opinion in j
the Convention which formed the Constitution, j
They laid tile foundation of those parties which
have at intervals ever since agitated, and at this
moment deeply agitate, the whole country.
A portion of the Convention, from a strong
paniali.y lor tlie British form of Government, de
sired to approximate as near that system as pub
lic opinion in America would allow. From them
came propositions fir a President and .Senate for
life, elections for long terms, and other funda
mental arrangements, which should remove the
Government as far as possible from popular con- |
trol. Another portion, having more confidence
in the intelligence and virtue of the people, ad- i
vocated the principle of making the executive
and legislative branches elective for short terms.
After the Constitution was formed, those two
parties differed widely in the views they took of i
the tendency of tiie Government; the one believ.
ing that it was towards consolidation, and the
o.iier to disunion; and the one accordingly be- j
lieved that the danger was despot ism in the head, !
and the other anarchy in tire members. Hence
the different light in which the two parties view
ed the character of the system. The Republi
can party held it to be federative in its charac
ter, and formed by the States in their sovereign
capacity, and adopted for their mutual security
I and happiness: while many of their a Iversaries
regarded it as a great national Republic, formed
uv the American people in the aggregate, to pro
mote the interest of the majority, instead of the
several Siacs composing it.
W icn the Government was nut in operation
• under the new Constitution, each parly adopted
rules of construction calculated lo secure their
peculiar objects, and advance their cherished
I prin -iples, in i s practical operation.
’j U.iforiunately, the execution of certain vital
| parts of the system was en.rusted t’ men who
j iiaj no faith m its stability, without essential
j changes, removing it further fro u the i .flu mee
of tlie people a id the S al-\s; an 1 they im medi
ately set themselves lo work to accomplish, by a
n oad construction, that W iich was, m their opin
ion, essential to the continued cxistcn -c of the
Government, but was unattainable thro igh a di
rect appeal to the Si.at.es and >e »pte for amend
. ments to the Cj isthmian. Oit of this de-ign
grew the funding syste u of the fi s Secretary
, of the Treasury, and other measure- intended to
create an improper action of the Government.
The oilier party maintaining iheir fai’h in the
’ Constitution as it is, insisted that the Co isti n
tion shonl 1 be const ucd strictly, according to i's
h »n st meaning as a lopled by the State.-; and
that Ciiangcs in the syste n, vvicn f mud nees.-a
ry, should oe sought through applica'io is for a
' metidmenls, rather than through new, vague, and
| ia itudinous constructions which, in effect, would
, accu nula e unlimited powers in a Government
r notoriously limited by those wh > liai create i it.
i file rapid and resolu e encroachments of a few
» years greatly alarmed and roused to energetic
actions the friends of a limited, pure Govern
■ nent, controlled by the public will. They or
gan.zed themselves for constitutional resistance,
’ i yportioneJ to the charac'er and extent of ac
, iuai and liireatcned usurpations, and threw out,
i from the ablest pens of that day, luminous expo
', -nitons of the real origin, true character, an I ul
-1 timate objects of ou C insli u ion. After a fearful
struggle, success crowned their efforts; the Go
vernment was wrested from the hands of those
g whose principles were monarchical and aristo.
' cratical; the letter of the Constitution, and the
honest meaning of those who adopted if, became
the practical rule of construction; and public
opinion, expressed by tho unbiassed representa
tives of the people and the Slates, through the
different branches of the Government, was ru
cognised as the only legitimate governing pow
er.
We adhere to the constitutional doctrines oi
tlie Rcpu -lican party of 1793-9; we adopt the
rule of strict cons ruction they maintained, as
the only true an 1 safe one applicable to onr
] Constitution; we reject the assumption that the
! people have not the requisite intelligence and
j virtlie to chose competent managers of public
afTihs, and direct them when necessary.
These are the principles upon which we would
have our government administered, and a refer
cnee to our views upon the groat and agitating
topics oflhe day will, we trus', show that we are
dispose 1 1) car.y these principles into practice by
our public acts.
Tile leading question which now divides the
two par ies of;he country is the re-establishment
ofa Bruit of the U died Stales. The first bank
| was a measure ot that party, which deemed it
| necessa yto devise other means than public
i opinion an 1 the suffrages of the people, to secure
a staole Government. It was condemned by
j the people, and was required to wind up, after
} living out its charte.ed existence. Fard’ff rent
were the considerations which led to the estab
| lishrnent of a second bank. It was thought to
; he necessary, perhaps from conclusions 100 has.
| tily drawn, as an instrument to compel the Slate
I banks to resume specie payments; and as a fis>.
i ea! agent, to keep and transfer the funds of the
i United Sta'es. This bank was also condemned
by the people, audits charter suffered to expire
without renewal. The question is, shall we
have a third hank, as er two nave been establish
cd by die public authorities, and condemned by
tho people? There arc many of us who have
always believed a Bank of the United States to
be unconstitutional. They look upon the power
to create corporations, except in and for the
District of Columbia, as a substantive power re
-1 se. vcd wholly to the States. They find that the
convention which forme! the Constiiution, re
fused to insert clauses delegating to Congress
the general power to create corporations. In
the discus-dons of the friends and foes of tiie
, Constitution, through the press of the country,
and in the State conventions pnorto its adoption,
they do not find it alleged on either side, that it
conferred such a power o i Congress. They think
that the absence of any gram of power in the
Constitution ought, itself, to be conclusive; but
when, in addi'i m tothis, it has been proved by
the develop tnienis of late years, that the propo-
I sit ion was actually voted down in convention,
j and that both parlies were thenceforward silent
on the suhjee', it seems (o them impossible to
dounl that the power was not granted, but was
purposely withheld.
They believe that C ingress has no cons' itu
li mat power to regnla c credit in any of I lie
Sacs; that the right of each citizen, an i ofany
association of citizens, to use their credit, is not
derived originally from the laws, hut is an inci
dent to property in the social state; that thecili-
Zms of the Stales possessed it in the most ple
nary manner; and that each or any of them,
singly or associated, could issue their notes, with
out limitation, until the right was taken away
by the laws of the States against private banking;
that, to restore the right, nothing is necessary but
the repeal of t hose law.-; and that the granting
of bank charters is hnt a restoration of the right
to the favored individuals, in a modified form.—
They maintain that the General Government,
having had no agency of right, fir in fact in re
straining the use ofcredit, or forbidding private
| banking vvi bin the States, has no power to re
i store the right, in cither a general or modified
form, the power belonging exclusively to the
States which took it away. And they think
i Congress has as rightful power to abrogate all
the Slate laws against banking, and restore the
right to every citizen without restraint, as they
have to restore it in a qualified shape under the
conditions of a bank charter.
These, and many other arguments of great
force, may be employed to prove the unconsti
tutionality of a Bank oflhe United States. But
| whatever may have been, or are now, onr seve
ral conclusions upon that point, we unanimous,
i ly concur in the opinion that the re-establish
ment ofa Bank ofthe United States is unnecos.
sarry, inexpedient, and dangerous to the public
liberty.
A tew years’ experience has given much ad
-1 dilional force to the arguments originally urged
against such aa institution. A leading srgu
; meat in favor of it is, that the Slate banks, of
themselves, are incompetent to manage their af
fairs prudenth T , or to maintain specie payments
and preserve a sound currency ; and that a
Bulk of the United states is necessary to check
and control them. Do those who use this ar.
gnmenl reflect that it is an argument against
popular government itself? The people con
s bute the governing power of the United Slates,
and it is hy their aulhorby that the Slate hanks
are created. This argument assumes that the
p ople are incompetent lo check and con'rol a
i class of institutions which they create, and that
a new agent, unknown to the S’a'es and
irrcsoonsitile lo them or to the people, must
be introduced, lo save the n from the disastrous
consequences of their own acts.
! Is thiii a Republican doctrine? Oi the con
trary, is it not the leading argument in favor of
morurdy and absolute power throughout the
vvorl i ? Wiy do kings reign, and princes ex.
eroise absolute dominion, but because the people
a'e assu ned to be incompetent to act wisely,
and protect themselves against the evil conse
qu ■ ces of their own ignorance and error ?
Assume that the ale banks are inco ripetent
to the ends for which they are created, and will
ne ;cs.sa uly run into periodical exws.-cs, entail
ing great evils upon the country, lo wnal source
wml 1 a Republican look fir a remedy ? Would
he sav that the people cannot be trusted to a
men I their own institutions, and that we must
hiv ;a n irresponsible eorporati mto prevent these
evils? Would he not rather justly conclude that
the banking system itself was defective, and un
dertake to reform it. so as to bring it under the
control oflhe people, through their constitutional
organs, rather than lo assume that it cannot l>e
otherwise than by the introduction of
| a power competent to contend jfor mastery with
I the G ■▼eminent itself?
\ We reject both the premises and the conclu-
I sions. We believe onr representative and po
' pu'ar Government in the States, who created
! tiiese institutions, fully competent lo modify and
i reform them, and lo impose all those checks and
restraints upon them which the banking system
j is capable of receiving.
To awaken tbs people to a due sense of the
magnitude of that power which tho advocates
of a Dink of the United Sta'es would create,
| let us look at the amount in “ men and money’’
which they propose to make dependant upon one
. institution.
Tiie number of Slate banks and branches
, now, is 829. Tnc number of presidents, dircc.
tors', and other officers, is not over estimated at
eight thousand two hundred. The number of
stockholders may be safely estimated at three
hundred and twenty thousand ; and the number
of debtors, exclusive of stockholders, at su r hun
dred and fifty thousand. The aggregate of
these is mar a million of persons, whose business
relations and pecuniary interests arc directly in*
▼■Overt. Tie capital of all the banks is about
$317 030 770; and (he amount of their loans
about $485,031,807. Here, then, we have f
mass of about one. million of persons , and money
and credit to an amount execedingyfrr hundred
m.ll ons id dollars, which are, in a great degree,
dependant upon the operations of this bank cre
dit system.
Left to be governed by the general laws of
tra ie and credit, these elements of power may
continue to be comparatively harmless in their
effects upon our political insiitutions ;■ but what
does the Opposition party propose?
I proposes, by the establishment of a Nation
al Bank, to increase, concentrate, and combine
those elements in one corporation. The project
is not merely to establish a new Bank, with an
immense capital, but it is also to give a head
and manager to the million of persons and five
hundred millions of dollars embraced in the ex-*
I isting S'ate banks.
When the first. Bank of the United States wsts
created, with cloven millions of capital, the
number of State banks did not exceed four, and
their capital was not over two million five huo*
dred thousand dollars ; yet the Republicans of
that day dreaded its power. When the second'
Bank was established, with a capital of thirty*,
five millions, the number of State banks did otft
exceed 131; and their capital wan not over
$89,822,422. Patriotic fears of its dangerour
power were then also entertained. If there wai i
any cause lor fear on those occasions, how ough’c
Republicans to feel now, when it is proposed t«<
pu‘ near one million individuals, and more thast
$509,000,000, under the substantial dominion
of one corporation ? The president of the late;
Bank of the United States testified, upon a pub. •
lie occasion, that there were few of the SlaU >
banks which it could not have crushed had it;
been so disposed. The power of the proposed I
new Bank will be greater, and every new Stat« ?
bank which has been or mav be established .
will a id to its power by increasing the numbe r
o? its dependents, and enlarging the sphere o; f
its influence.
What, under such a system, is to become ol f
the independence of the several Stales, and I
their right and power to regulate and contro i
their own institutions? Will the Stale banki t
bo governed by the States which created them,,
or will *hey look for their superior to the monarc) i
of the great bank credit system, on whom tin ;
inexorable and inevitable laws of credit and o f
trade confer the power to crush or caress them ,
according to his uncontrollable will ?
Every year increases the danger of establish *
ing such an institution, for every year adds U »
the number ot State banks, which must of na -
ecssity be its subordinates and dependants. Ii ’
it ever be established, every bank within the
States will, necessarily, become the ally and cita
del of this central power. Surely it is enough
that the unchangeable laws of credit and trade
subject the distant State banks to the influence
of one common centre. That consequence is in*
evitable, and unless trade should be more exten
sively diffused, must be borne.
But, as friends of the rights and independence
of the States, can we desire to see this subjec
tion made more absolute and degrading by arti
ficial regulations? Least of all, can we desire
to see the administration of the laws of credit
and trade placed in hands which are not only
independent of the States, but of all that is popu
lar in the General Government? When a guar,
antee can be discovered against the frailties of
our nature, mankind may be safe under abso
lute dominion. When directors of banks can
be selected from a superior race, then the exis.
lence of a Bank of the United States may b©
compatible with the rights of the States, and
the liberty, prosperity, and happiness of the
American people.
That there arc some advantages to be derived
from a Bank of the United States cannot be de
nied. A species of paper, answering the pur
pose of money, and so nearly uniform in value
as to be available at par throughout the Union,
is, for many purposes, a great public conveni
ence. But what Republican would purchase it
at the hazard of his liberty, especially when he
sees that an effective substitute may be obtained
without it? It may be doubted whether such a
bank could now be of any real utility in equali
zing domestic exchanges.
That which is now very generally called the
difference of exchange, is, in reality, but a dif
ference in the value of the prevailing paper cur.
rency at different points. To put an end to that,
requires no Bank of the United States. It is
now vanishing as fast as the banks resume spe
cie payments, and, we trust, will soou cease
throughout the Union, without the agency of
any coercive power whatsoever. The real dif
ference of exchange will then remain, consisting
of the cost of transporting specie or specie funds
from one place to another. In this business
there has been heretofore, and will soon be again,
vast competition, which will reduce the expense
to the lowest amount for which the operation
can be performed. For the country, this is the
safest basis on which it can rest. If X great
National Bank be established, having, as it must,
i lie masle y of the whole banking system of the
Union, it will be strong enough to prescribe the
rates of exchange, and drive competition out of
the market, not by reducing the price, but by a
wave of its sceptre.
If it were to indicate to the Stale banks that
exchange was considered its own appropriate
harvest ft Id, in which it was not agreeable to
have a competitor, they must necessarily submit
to the will of this legal superior, and withdraw
from the business. Would it be safer to have
exchanges regulated, and the price fixed by the
president of a bank, whose first object is to make
as much money as possible, than by the general
laws of trade, which know no selfishness, and
have no favorites? Not only would it be more
safe, but it can scarcely be doubted that a gene
ral competition among banks and individuals,
now that the whole process and the necessary
machinery is well understood* would secure to
the country lower rates.
The same state of things renders a Bank less
useful to the Government, as an agent to trans
fer its funds from one section of the Union to
another, than it was when the late Bank of tho
United Stales was established, and for many
years afterwards. Competent agents for this
purpose may now be found in the State banks
and in private bankers; and these facilities are
multiplying even more rapidly than the growth
of our country. This argument in favor of a
National Bank, has, therefore, ceased to have
the weight to which it was formerly entitled, and
roes bot a little way to counterbalance the ma
ny fatal objections to such an institution. It
can only be *aid, with truth, that it would save
[Continued on next page.}