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Br GUIEU & THOMPSON. ~ Ih —■
( . AUGUSTA, GA. SATURDAY MORNING, AUGUST 11, 1838. VOU. XVI.-NEW SERIES NO 23
THE CONSTITUTIONALIST.
OFFICE IN MACINTOSH-STREET.
Third door from the N. W. corner of Broad-street.
Sales of LAND by Administrators, Executors, oi
Guardians, are required, by law, to be held on the
nrst I aes.lay in the month, between the hoursol
in the forenoon and three in the afternoon, at
the C mrt-House in which the property is situate.
Notice of t'nese sales must bo given in a public
Gazette sixty d \ys previous to the day of sale.
Ba.es of NEOROES must be at public auction, on
the first Tuesday of tha month, between the usual
hours of sale, at the place of public sales in the
County where the letters Testamentary, or Ad
ministration, or Guardianship, may have been
granted, firstgiving sixty days notice thereof,
in one of the public Gazettes ofthis Slate, and at
the door of the Court-House where such sales
are to be held.
Notice for the sale of Personal Property must be
given in like manner, forty days previous to
day of sale.
Notice to the Debtors and Creditors of an Estate,
must be published for forty days.
Notice that application will be made to the Court
of Ordinary for leaveto sell LAND,must be pub
lished for FOUR MONTHS.
A Notice for leave to sell NEGROES, must be pub
-1 lished four months, before any order absolute
!■ can be given by the Court.
X PIIESS MAILS.— Proposals for carry-
W MZi ing a Daily Express Mail on horseback, or
in railroad cars, for the purpose of conveying slips
from newspapers, in lieu of exchange newspapers,
and letters, (other than such as contain money)
not exceeding half an ounce in weight marked
“ Express Mad,” and public despatches, from the
times hereinafter stated, to the 3l)thof June. 1843,
inclusive, on the following routes, will be received
at the Post Office Department until the 21st day
of September next, to be decided by the 24th day
of said month.
1. From Gaston, N. C. to Raleigh, 80 miles and
back, to stop at two immediate points, if required.
Service to commence on the Ist July, 1839.
Leave Gaston daily at 94 p. in. arrive at Raleigh
next day by 41 a. m.
Leave Raleigh daily at 61 p. m. arrive at
next day by 14 a. m.
2. From Raleigh to Fayetteville, 6G miles and
back.
Service to commence on the Ist of July, 1839.
Leave Raleigh daily at 44 p. m. arrive at Fay
etteville same day by 104 a. m.
Leave Fayetteville daily at i p. m. arrive at Ra
leigh same day by 6 p. m.
3. From Fayetteville, by Cheraw r , S. C. and
Camden, to Columbia, 156 miles and back.
' t Service to commence as aforesaid.
Leave Fayetteville daily at 101 a. m. arrive at
Columbia next day by 4 a. m.
Leave Columbia daily at 10 p. ra. arrive at Fay
etteville next day by 12 noon.
4. From Columbia, by Augusta Ga. and War
renton, to Milledgeville, 161 miles and back ; to
slop atone more point if required.
Service to commence on Ist July, 1839;
Leave Columbia daily at I a. in. arrive at Mil
ledgeville same day by 34 p. m.
Leave Milledgeville daily at 7 a. m. arrive at
Columbia same day by 94 p. m.
5. From Milledgeville, by Macon, to Columbus,
133 miles and back ; to stop atone more immediate
point if required.
f. -rvice to commence on Ist July, 1839.
Leave Milledgeville daily at 34 p. m. arrive at
Columbus next day by 34 a. m.
Leave Columbus daily at 64 p. m. arrive at Mil
ledgevillo next day by 64 a. ni.
6. From Columbus to Montgomery, Ala. 81
■ miles and back ; to slop at one intermediate point
B if required.
B Service to commence on the Ist January, 1839.
■ Leave Columbus daily at 34 a. m. arrive at Mont-
I gomery same day by 11 a. m.
■ Leave Montgomery daily at 11 a. m. arrive at
■ Columbus same day by 64 p. m.
■ 7. From Montgomery by Greenville to Mobile,
B 193 miles and back ; to stop at two mure points if
B required.
B Service to cammance on the Ist January, 1839.
fl Leave Montgomery daily at 114 a. m. arrive at
B Mobile next day by 7 a. m.
B Leave Mobile daily at 3 p. ra. arrive at Montgo-
I* mery next day by l(i4 a. m.
U 8. From Columbia, 8. C. to Charleston, 125 miles
B and hack.
I Leave Columbia daily at 1 a. m. arrive at Char
leston same day by 1 p m.
Leave Charleston daily at 9 a. in. arrive at Co
lumbia same day by 94 p m.
NOTES.
Each route is to be bid for separately. The
route, the sum, and the residence of the bidder,
should be distinctly stated in the bid ; the sum
should be slated by the year.
No proposal will be considered, unless it be ac
companied by a guarantee, signed by one or more
IM responsible persons, in the following form, viz :
: “The undersigned guaranty that ,
if his bid for carrying the Express Mail from
to he accepted by the Postmaster General,
I shall enter into an obligation, prior to the first day
1 0 r March next, with good and sufficient sureties to
V ueWwrm the service proposed.
■ •» Dated 1838.”
1 This should he accompanied by the certificate of
■ a Postmaster, or other satisfactory testimony, that
■ t l le guarantors are men of property, and able to
H| make good their guarantee.
Phe Postmaster General reserves tho power of
changing the schedules, but not so as to increase
the expedition, without making the additional com
■ pensalion authorised by law.
H| The mails are to leave precisely at the time set.
Five minutes only are allowed for opening and
closing them at an intermediate oflice.
B|i| The”pay of the trip will be forfeited by a failure
H| t 0 arrive in time. And this forfeiture may be in-
IB creased into a penalty not exceeding ten times the
pay of the trip, according to the circumstances un-
B Jer which the failure happened. For a repetition
B of failures, the contract may be annulled.
B excuse whatever will be taken for a failure.
Departures and arrivals are to be regulated by
B th e appa rent or sun t ‘ rne -
Double stock will be paid for, where it is actual-
H jy employed, when the mail regularly exceeds se
iß yenty pounds in weight.
118 If it should become necessary, at any time, to
discontinue the service, (a result which is not ex
peeled) the contractors will be entitled to receive
two months’ extra pay.
■j/i The proposals should be sent to the Department
V sealed, endorsed “ Proposals for the Express Mail,”
and addressed to the First Assistant Postmaster
V General, S. R. Hobbie.
fl Those who enter into this service must make up
JH their minds not to let bad roads, nor storms, nor
'HI floods, nor casualties, nor dangers, prevent theii
JB nerformance according to contract.
pen ° AMOS KENDALL.
PV Post-Office Department, June 6, 1838.
tv June 16 _ " 12
LI FKKSII SPRING DR Y GOODS,
[■ XT No. 206 Broad Street.
H. WYATT &, CO , have received, anc
• are now opening a large stock of Spring am
Summer Dry Goods, well assorted, and having
|B been purchased at reduced prices, will be sold at:
BBf small advance on cost/vr cash.
,BW I They have now a good assortment of b.ack an.
Wk blue black Italian Lustnng. Gros de Pans an.
B Gros de Swiss Silks, Plaid Silks and small figure.
IV Bonnet Silks, handsome French Muslins and print
BB et i Swiss Muslins, black and while and colore.
, H laconets small patterns, large and small checke.
iH Swiss Muslins and Cambrics, l-urmture Calicos
■ . vh i t e and colored cotton Fringes assorted, cot
jji Jn and Linen Nettings and 10-4 Bobbmet for Pa
vilions, Irish Linens and Lawns, o, 6 and 10-4 ins
[V Sheetings, Table and Btrdeye Diapers. Damasl
|'|Bp Table Cloths and Napkins, brown Linens and Lin
feVl en Drillings, Vestings, a very large assortment o
1,111 Cotton Hose and 4 Hose, with a variety of othe
« seasonable goods.
9 Aprill 7 113
LIST OF LETTERS
REMAINING in the Post Office at Augusta,Ga.
on the Ist of August, 1833—not before adver
tised. fcj- Persons wishing letters from this list,
will please say they are advertised.
r A
e Adams John J Atwell Martha
,f Allen Richard Anderson Elizabeth P
t Anderson Jane II Armstrong Hanora
. Anderson James Ashcraft Elam
c ‘ Allen Andrew F Ardis Lo uisa
Allen Sherwood Atkinson Maria
Aldridge James M Ardis Mathias
j Allen MF
6 11
. Bailey Josiah Bouyer R F
a BonnerS M Boykin James
f Benton W M Booker George
j Baker Robert L Brown Richard J
8 Benson J F Brown Benjamin F
Baird H M Brew James
B benglam Edward Brown Sarah
j Berry W J Brown Charlotte
Batley Charles Brooks J L
Barnwell Edward W Broom miss E
’ Banks Ann Brown Ann S
t Bank Thomas Brochon & Hackett
. Bell Wm E Burdett Emma
Bacon Mary Burgh Augusta
Bodind John Butler Mary
, C
C ade John Clarke Elizabeth
, Calvin Mary A Clarke F& II
' Caven David Cosmalan Thomas
. Carnes Mary Claud Talton
Calven Wm Collins Letisha R
Campbell Sarah A Cook &. Laus & Co
Campbell Samuel Cooper James
Chipham Cutler Cloud S B
Christian John A Cooper John
Cooper Louisa Crenshaw James H
Cogheran S Crenshaw Jonathan
Code Elizabeth M Cress Louis
Coules Ralph Crepu Victor
Copeland J N
D
Davis J B Dreghom John
Dillon W C Dowey F D
Darly Frances Dunn James
Delering Augustus Doud C A
Dickerson Cosby Dyatt Robert
Deaver John D Douglass Mary
E
Egerton Walter T English John
Eve Edward A English James
Edwards Samuel Erwin L W
Evans Elizabeth Esvvorth E L
Edwards Charles
F
Farrar Elizabeth Fouler Eliza
Ferril Josiah Fryar Mary
Farler John Flint Mr
Folger T B
G
Gasquit William A Glover W
Gidersleeve John Gray Thomas
Gardiner James Grant Alexander
Gibbs John Glover Casandno
George Alexander Groner Jacob
Garner Thomas Graham major J D
Glenn William Goodman Robert M
Godbyhere James
H
Hardwick Charles A Heman Thos
Dayman E Hovil A J
Harrel H F Horton W F
Hanshaw Geo Hopkins mrs M
Hydenfeldth miss A Hously mr
Hendricks J P Hopkins mrs E
Henry Patrick Hoyt Daniel
Hery miss R Hughs Wm A
Heggie J L Hubbard OC
Henry Isaac
I & J
Ingram Duncan Jones miss Maria
Jones Henry Jones mrs M
Johns mrs E James Joseph
Johnson E R Jones Joseph
Johnson Wm
K
Kelly Laura Kilpatrick Rev J H F
King miss L Knight R W
King Jno Kennon Chas G P
Kemble Chas F Kent B M
King Jno P King Jno
Kilpatrick Rev mr Knomech F
L
, Lamar mrs P LongstreetWm
Lot mrs S O Labutut mr
LuthilGA Laroche O A
Lighten mrs Susan Ann Lawrence Jas
Delilah Lewis mrs A
Luther mrs S Lark mrs S
Long Col Lamly Thos
, Lyon capt B F
M
J Mcßryde J Mantz P H
McClintockWm H Marshall miss A E
McKinney Joseph Do miss D O
> McCarty Samson Mims J L
McKinney dr Jno Mitchel col. Ja»
McCate P Mitchel dr. W
’ McTyre mrs Ann Metcalf E H
MahonyJno Miller Lt. J II
J McCary JP O Mitchel Jos
j McFarlin miss M Mulhill John
Maguire mrs II Murray P
Martin mrs M MillenMary
[• Maher Michael Milton Miles
t Marvin Aaron Morgan Eli
j Maher Owen Moore John
Mantz Philip Montmullin John S
C McCallister R Moone Joseph
s Mas ruder miss Henrietta Morey Wm
Marks Christian Moores miss R
Magruly Hugh Montley miss M
Massingale A J
;N & o
Noles E Orchard Wm H
, Nail Henry P Osborn E
1 Navy Wilson Oates George
3 Nickolson miss M O'Conner Edw
Norton John Owens mrs Elmira
P
j . r
Pearson Lewis Park Robert
i. Palin Caroline Pag Antonet miss
f Perkins Caroline Pace Pjr.
Perrin Susan Primrose Mary mrs
. Patton H Proudfit J O
- Pe per Nelson Horatio Printin' Joseph
Palin John Benfield Harriet mrs to
3 Patterson Augustus care of Ann Prichard
> Pitman John W Parvance Mary Ann miss
e Phouts Moses Primrose Eliza miss
Philpot David Philip Duffy care of mrs
t Pemberton mrs Mary Mary Quinn
R
r Reily Thomas Roundtree Dubly
Ramsey Edward Rows Tho
p Ride Charles W Routh Symon capt.
r Remington T mrs Rolen John
r Ramsey Jane mrs Roberts Susan miss
Rives James M Robinson Abner P
Rhodes WmF Do John
Riley mrs Sarah Robison
Rich John Rodman John
Ruffin Albert Robison J
S
d Sandiford William A Sorrell William B
,d Scruggs Richard Smith John
g Scott Sarah Smith Wm E
a Drusilla Jackson, care of Stenson mrs M
Hon William Schley Sturges Daniel
d Sextin Louisa Steifel 31 H
id Saffield John Spourey, care of M
■d Service H J Wagner
t . Schernur Simon Symons John
,d Sims B F Stewart mrs Hepsey
.j Skinner Seaborn Starke miss Catharine J
g Sindersine miss Rosetta JStockton JN C
Shopp L Strode Johnson V
a Sheredon Peter Starnes miss Sarah
,j. Skinner miss Elizabeth Snyder Martin
Smith mrs Ann M
n
0 f Tinque Jos Tompkins mrs Eliza G
Tarver Mark Turner John M
Talon Isaac Towns Thomas 31
Tarver John Thompson major J
Thompson mrs Julia Tobin Nicholas
i. Tarver Dread Tow Thomas
■- Miram Wilson care of Turknett Mary C
l, Floyd Thomas Toole M D care of Dr
Tate miss Matilda A Baudry
Titus rors Elizabeth Thornton Isaac R
U & V
Ufiord A P Vertch James
Valentine Lewis
W
Walker Simeron Whitaker H P
Walker George M Whitehead John P C
Walker Daniel Wilson Julia Ann
Warrin miss Mary Wilson James L
Wallace George Dr Wilkey esq
Walker Mary A Willis mrs Mary
W alker Elijah Joseph Fox to the care o
W T adkins Jason A H Wilson
Walker John Wilson Hiram N
Walker Solomon Wylds Thomas
Walsh miss Jane Williams mr care of mi
Washington Elizabeth Sheffield
Webster mr Wiggins Ridin
Whited Huddah Ann Wright mrs Rebecca B
Wells W T mW W Wofford gen William E
W T arner Roswell Word Charles
EDMUND GLASCOCK, P. 31.
August 2 3 19
Ga. Agricultural Implement Manufactory
AND
AUGUSTA IRON AND BRASS FOUNDRY,
Corner of Jones and Cumming-streetf , second abort
j ' the P Uniters' Hotel.
THE subscriber would call the attention of plant
ers and others to the assortment of AGRI
CULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, &c . which he has
on hand, consisting of Ploughs of the most approved
kinds and of different sizes, from light one-horse to
heavy four-horse; Hill-side and Drill Ploughs, Seed
Savers, Harrows, Thrashing Machines, Corn Shel
ters, different kinds; Corn and Cob Crushers, a first
rate article; Wheat Fans, Ilomony Mills, Cylindri
cal Straw Cutlers of different sizes, also various
other Straw Cutters, Sugar Mills, Paint Mills, Turn
ing Lathes, Circular Saws, Tyre Bending Machines,
&c. &c.
He is prepared to do heavy Iron Turning, or any
other work in his line, at short notice.
The Iron and Brass Foundry is in full operation,
having a first rate workman to superintend the bu
siness, and a good stock of the best pig iron and coal
on hand. Those in want of machine or any other
kind of castings, may depend on their being well
done and of good quality.
Castings for Cotton Gin Gearing, always on hand.
Also, Mill Irons, &c. ROBERT PHILIP.
June 16 stf 139
' PIANO FORTIES.
H PARSONS has added to his stock, a sup
• ply of those much esteemed Piano Fortes,
made by Messrs. Robert Nunns, Clark Co. of
New-York. The true character of these instru
ments is so well established in this part of the coun
try, it is deemed unnecessary to speak in their
praise—indeed they speak for th mselves.
The stock, which is now very large, comprises a
good number of instruments from each of our three
best manufactories, and it is believed, offers great
er advantages to purchases, than can be had at any
of the Northern establishments.
June 39 5
“EOUISVIEEE HOTEL. FOR SALE. "
The subscriber desirous of removing to
fuTsSn the west, offers for sale the Hotel which
||j:S:gsljj| s hc now occupies in the town of Louis
ville. The house is commodious, with about two
acres of ground attached to it, in a central part of
the town, with all necessary out buildings. There
are two lines of stages now running through the
town; one from Augusta to .Mobile, and the other
from Savannah to 3lacon. To any person desiring
a good stand for a Hotel, this will be equal to any
in a country village ; as the receipts of the house
the last year was about $3OOO, when there was but
or e line of stages running through the place. Per
sons desirous of purchasing can see the subscriber
on the premises. ELIZA S. SHELLMAN.
Louisville, July 16 thstf July 19
BELL AIR,
MOn the Rail Road —lo miles from this city.
The subscriber informs his friends and
= the public, that he has leased from 3lr.
Verdery, his late residence at Bell Air, and that he
is now prepared to accommodate from twenty to
thirty persons with BOARD during the summer
months, commencing on the Ist May.
Bell Air is situated on the line of the Georgia
Rail Road, ten miles from the-city, and the cars
pass up and down daily within twenty feet of the
door. For health, Bell Air is not surpassed by any
spot in the country, being situated on an elevated
point of land, and supplied with the purest spring
water.
The subscriber pledges himself to use every ex
ertion to accommodate those who may patronize
his establishment. GEO M. WALKER.
April 5 thtf 108
UNITED STATES MAIL LINE.
Fine four horse Coaches to Athens, Georgia.
(Fifty miles travel on the Georgia Rail Road.)
HIRAM N. WILSON returns his thanks tc
the public for their liberal patronage since he
has commenced running the above line, and would
inform them—that he has purchased the interestoi
his late partner in the line and will hereafter run ii
on his own account. He has made every arrange
, raent for the publicaccommodation, and in additioi
to his mail line has added an accommodation line
travellers by both will be conveyed 50 miles on the
Georgia Rail Road. His coaches are all new, anc
made ofthe best materials; his drivers careful, am
horses gentle.
THE MAIL LINE
will leave Augusta every other day at half past t
o’clock, via Rail Road, for Washington, Lexington
Athens, Jefferson, and Gainesville.
THE ACCOMMODATION LINE
every other day, at the same hour, and by the Rai
Road, via Crawfordsville and Greensboro.
RETURNING.
The Mailline willleave Athens,everyotherday
at half past II o’clock, A M., and the Accommo
dation line every other day, at the same hour, am
arrive at Augusta next afternoon by 4 o’clock P. M.
by the Georgia Rail,Road.
” Passengers from Augusta to Spring Place, shouh
leave Augusta on Mondays and Fridays; via Gaines
ville, Canton, Cassville,and Rome to Spring Place
they will intersect a line of four horse post coache
to Nashville, Tenn., also, aline of 2 horse pos
coaches via Athens, Tenn., to Knoxville, Tenn,
which runs three times a week.
55“ The office m Augusta is kept at the Genera
Stage Office, in one ofthe front rooms of the Eagl
and Phoenix Hotel.
All parcels, Bundles, &c., at the risk of th
owner.
55* Fare to Washington $5, Athens $9, and t
other points in proportion.
Augusta, Ga ,May 1,1838. 95
£s“The Sentinel. Augusta, Geo., and Athen
Whig, will publish the above once a week tor si
months and forward their accounts to H. N. W
Augusta.
ADDRESS
To the People of the Southern and South-Wes
tern States.
Fellow Citizens :
The Committee appointed to carry into effect
the sixth resolution of the Merchants Conven
tion, believe they cannot better subserve the
purposes of the appointment, than by calling
your attention to the existing relations of the
Northern and Southern States,* and improving
the evidence which they afford, of the importance
of the enterprise which the Convention have in
view.
At this moment pecuniary embarrassment, in
jf a greater or less degree, pervades the whole
country ; every Bank within its limits has sus
pended payment: there is hardly a dollar of
specie in circulation : the monied institutions
1 of the North and of the South, in point of
solvency, are upon an equal footing : the foreign
commerce of the country is sustained almost
B entirely by Southern productions ; and yet, ex
changes between the North and the South, are
from seven to forty per centum in favor of the
_ former: a Northern Bank note, sustains the
y same relative value to a Southern Bank note :
Southern credit is lamentably depressed, while
Northern credit is comparatively firm : the dock
e ets ot our Courts are crowded with suits brought
by Northern Houses against Southern Houses,
lo meet the issues of these suits, our people are
constrained to sue one another ; and thus, their I
distresses are extended, and embittered by the I
prospects of the future. In the mean time our
Northern brethren are reaping rich fruits from
their vantage-ground. They send hither their
funds—exchange them at an enormous pre
mium for Southern funds—turn these into
Southern staples (cash articles) at par—draws
- bills upon them, which they sell at like profit—
re-invest the proceeds in the same way, and re
j ne w the operation as often as their own ready
3 means oi exchange and transportation will al
] low. We do not pretend to say that this is the
. universal, or even the prevailing mode of ope
t ration, or that it is confined exclusively to
- Northern men.—Northern funds, to be' the
s basis of this system, must have a currency at
the South, which in but few instances they
’ have : but that this has been the mode of pro
f cedure in some instances, and that the same
thing is daily effected through other instrumen
, talities, we believe admits of no doubt. Nt
- let es be understood as attaching any blame to
those who thus avail themselves of their means,
J to profit by the times. It is a singular feature
in this dismal picture, that the pecuniary embar
. rassments of the Southern States, increase as
they recede-from the North; and (their age
and population considered) in an exact ratio to
their agricultural resources.
Is this a natural state of things ? If it be, we
must acquiesce in the necessity that dooms us to
it. But self-respect, to say nothing of self-inte
fest, demands, that we search for the causes of
it in order that we may reform it, if it be re
mediable. A brief recurrence to the commer
cial and financial history of the United States,
will teach us, that in the natural order of things,
the position of the two sections should be pre
cisely reversed; and that nothing will more
effectually secure to the people of the South,
J, their natural advantages, than a direct trade be
tween them and foreign nations.
Before we commence the review,we take leave
r to observe, that we cannot assent to the opin
ion too often expressed, that the embarrassment
1 of the Southern people, is the result of a wild
3 and reckless spirit of adventure and speculation
* °n their part. That this may, to some extent,
have had its effects, is very probable ; but that
it is the leading cause of their distress, we are
‘ not prepared to admit. We believe, that could
, it now be known, what were the resources and
i prospects of all who have failed, at that time
- when they incurred the debts which effected
’ their ruin, it would be found, that not one in
twenty of them is justly chargeable with irn
l prudence even, in incurring those debts. Is the
J. planter whose cotton crop netted him fifty thou-
T sand dollars in December, 1836, and who in
f January following, when cotton was on .the ad
-3 vance, incurred a debt of forty thousand dollars,
t in order to double the succeeding crop ; to be
' charged with folly, because in May, 1837, Ins
r property sunk to nothing, from causes which
human prudence could not have foreseen ? Is
- the merchant who sold out his stock in 1836, at
a large profit, and having, found it too small for
] the demand, doubled it. and with it bis debt, to
. meet the demand of 1837 ; to be called a wild
e adventurer, because he did not foresee the dis.
0 asters of that year! And yet probably few, who
r sunk under the pressure of that year, were as in
discreet, as these men are supposed to have been.
g None blame the creditors: but equal censure
j belongs to the man who runs extravagantly in
y debt, and llu man who credits him.
1 The time was, when the people of the Sohth
g were the largest importers in the country.
“In 1760, the value of the imports of the sev- j
* eral colonies was as follows :
e Os Virginia, £851,140 sterling.
New England States, 561,000 do.
New York, 189,000 do.
Pennsylvania, 400,000 do.
South Carolina, 555,000 do. j
■' “The exports were in about the same propor- ;
* tion;Virginia exporting nearly four times as much
S, as New York; and South Carolina nearly twice
o as much as New York and Pennsylvatia together;
e and five times as much as all the New England
d States united.
“The same relative proportion of imports is ’
11 preserved until the adoption of the federal con- j
stitution, when we find them to be in the year
!! 1791, as follows :
e Os New York, $3,222,000
d Virginia, 2,486,000
d South Carolina, 1,520,000
“There are no data to show the imports into
the several States from the year 1791 to 1820,
but the general fact may be assumed, that the
a ’ import trade of New York and other Northern
States, has been constantly progressing, while
il that of Virginia and South Carolina has as regu
larly diminished. From 1821, to the present
time, we have sufficient data, and they exhibit
the following, as the state of the import trade :
j. 7 : ; —7
id New- York. Virginia. S. Carolina.
1821, $23,000,000 $1,078,000 $3,000,000
1822, 35,000,000 854,000 2,000,000
Id 1823, 20,000,000 681,'00 2,000,000
s- 1824, 36,000,000 639,000 2,400,000
e- 1825, 49,000,000 553,000 2,150,000
>s 1827, 39,000,000 431.000 1,800,000
st 1829, 43.000,000 375,000 1,240,000
i., 1832. 57,000,000 550,000 1,213,000
al “Thus, the import trade of New York has gra
le dually increased from £189.000 sterling, (about
$840,000.) in the year 1769, and from about
16 three millions of dollars in 1 / 91, to the enormus
sum, in 1832, of fifty-seven millions of dollars!
t 0 While Virginia has fallen off, in her import trade,
from two and a half millions of dollars, in 1791,
ns ~—
iix * When we speak of the South and the Southern
r. Stales, we embrace in the terms, the South-western
States,
INDISTINCT PR:
to $375,000 in 1829. and $550,000 in 1832, m
a great deal more than the freight of half
dozen ships!
‘'From these calculations, a few curious sac
appear. The imports of New York were, in 183 i
seventy times jj,s great as they were in 1791.-
Virginia, on the other hand, imported, in 182!
about one-eleventh of what she did in 1769, an
about one.seventh of what she did in 1791. I
a period too, of eight years, the aggregate in
ports of New York amounted to 311 millions c
dollars; those of South Carolina to about 16 mi
lions, and those of Virginia to about five millions
rsew York imported, therefore, in 1832, cleve
times as much as Virginia did in eight years prt
ceding, and nearly four times as much in th
single year of 1832, as South Carolina importe
in a period of eight years. Again, New Yor
imported in one year, (1832) nearly fifty time
as much as South Carolina in the same yeat
and about 110 times as much as Virginia.
We acknowledge our indebtedness for thi
foregoing extract, to a writer in the Richrnom
Whig, who, under the signature of “ Patricl
Hemy,” has favored the public with a series o
numbers, assistant to our purpose, which an
worthy to be read by every Southron.
At the conclusion of the last war with Grea
Britain, Georgia commenced quite a brisk am
profitable importing business; but it declined ir
I a f evv years, and its subsequent history, may be
i seer > hi the history of the trade of South Caro
I lina.
Having shown the decline of Southern trade
we proceed to enquire into the causes of it. Ir
the course of our research, the reader will dis
cover the prime cause of our present embarrass
ments.
The Committee of Ways and Means in theii
report or the sth March last, say: “Our col
lectors have had under their control a gross re
venue of 946,000,000, and our land receiver!
107,000,000, making 1,053,000,000. They not
only had control of this vast amount, but they
were permitted to pay without warrant from the
treasury, and before the money passed out uj
their hands, all the expenses of our Custom,
houses and land offices and debentures which
alone amounted to four or five millions annually ,
and sometimes more."
Though we find some difficulty in reconciling
this statement with the actual receipts and dis
bursemernents of the Government as reported
annually to Congress, and with the expenses ot
collection as discoverable from the sources ol
information which lie within our reach, without
supposing greater losses in the transit of the pub.
lie funds to the treasury, than are stated to have
occurred; it is probable that our difficulty arises
from our limited means of research, and that
the Committee are substantially, if not literally
correct.
Ihe nine hundred and forty-six millions ol
revenue, raised from the customs, were leviec
tiom foreign merchandise, received in exchange
for domestic productions; lor though the tern
customs, in financial language, embraces duties
on tonnage, clearances, light-money, &c. &c.
these are comparatively so insignificant, that
they will not materially affect the estimate.—
Those who think differently, may allow foi
them, the odd forty.six millions. Os the domes
tic product ions given in exchange for the foreign
merchandise, nearly three-fourths were of South,
era growth—we will say two-thirds, which wt
know, in the whole estimate, to be under the
mark- Without disturbing the vexed question
“who pays the duties,” we may state then, whal
all will admit, that the Government has beer
indebted to Southern industry for six hundret
and thirty millions of money. If the expenses
of collecting one billion and fifty-three millions
of revenue, were “from four to five millions an.
nuailj', and sometimes more,” it may safely be
assumed, that toe expenses of collecting the six
hundred and thirty millions, amounted to one
million annually. Had the Southern people
then, shipped their own produce to foreign mar
kets, and brought the return cargoes to their
own ports, they would have had eight and forty
millions distributed among them since 1789,
simply in the pay of their revenue officers.—
This would have gone into the pockets of indi
viduals, to be sure'; and so goes all that consti
tute the wealth of a nation. Here it would have
been received, and here expended. Insignifi.
cant as it may seem while we are contemplating
billions and hundreds of millions, when we re
flect upon the influence which the comparative
ly trivial sum received by the States from the
surplus revenue, has had upon the Southern
States, we cannot doubt that its effects would
have been most benignly felt. This sum divi.
ded among the citizens of Norfolk, Wilmington,
Charleston, Savannah, Mobile, and Orleans,
would have quieted many a disturbed bosom in
the Irving reign of the protecitve system. Sa
vannah’s portion of it, would have defrayed the
whole expenses of the Government of Georgia
for more than thirty years; nor, it is believed,
would the portions of the other cities have done
less for their States. Whatever the sum may
have been worth, we must remember, that if the
tariff should ever be revived, (and hints to that
effect have recently fallen from high authority
on the floor of Congress,) a direct trade will in
some measure mitigate its rigor; and this fai
tend to the preservation of the union.
If we suppose the value of the goods upon which
the six hundred and thirty millions of dutiei
were levied, to have been but four limes the val
ue of the duties, it amounted to $2,500,000,000
| How were these goods brought to this countr
j and distributed? The Northern merchant ha:
i come hither and bought from the Southern plan
ter produce of equal value, abating from the price
all the expenses, direct and incidental, of trans
portation—He has insured them in Northern ol
fices, and shipped them abroad in his own vea
sels—Exchanged them at a small profit for for
eign merchandise—brought it home—paid one
fourth of its value to the Government—adde
that amount and all the expenses of importatior
and fifteen to twenty per cent, for his profits, t
the price, and exposed it for sale. The South
ern merchant has now gone to him; lingered th
summer through with him at a heavy expens
a portion ot these goods—reshippe
them in Northern vessels to Southern porls
added twcnty.five per cent, more to the pric<
to cover his expenses and profits—and sold thei
to the Southern planter. All the disbursement
made in this process, save such as are made :
broad, are made among Northern men; all th
profits, save the Southern merchant’s, ai
made by Northern men; and the Souther
planter, who supplies nearly all the foreign gooc
of this country, gets his portion of them burder
ed with every expense that the Governmen
merchant, insurer, seaman, wharfinger, drai
man, boatman, and wagoner can pile upo
them. His burdens or course, are needlessly ii
creased, by the amount of the expenses incurre
in landing the goods at Northern ports, an
bringing tnem thence to Southern markets.-
1 Every item in the endless catalogue of charge:
, except the government dues, may be considere
i a voluntary tribute from the citizens of the Sout
to their brethren of the north: for they woul
:INT
J V •
lot all have gone to onrotrn people, had we cW
I a our own exporting and importing. Will the rea.
der compute the amount of them, on twenty-five
Ms hundred millions’ worth of goods, and make a
12, fair allowance for the portion of them consumed
- at the South?
!9, Our planters, not content with their portion
id of the tribute, crow’d their plantations with cot*
In ton, corn, rice and tobacco, and then pay the
n- Southern merchant, to pay the Northern mer
of chant, to pay the Northern farmer for the flour
il. which they consume; and compel all their
s! neighbors to do the like. In this way a goodly
2n number of unascertainablo millions more, move
jf* annually from south to north. In September
he last, we had a painful exhibition of the fruits of
sd our agricultural policy. In that month, a bale
ik ot cotton and a barrel of canal flour commanded
es the same price in Georgia. We were disposed
ir, to doubt this statement when we first heard it;
but upon referring to the prices current in that
le month for the city of Augusta, where the one ar*
id tide uniformly stands at nearly the highest, and
;k the other nearly the lowest prices in the Slate,
of we find actual sales of about ninety bales of the
re first, quoted at an average of 5 5-8 cents per
pound; and in two instances, sales of very small
it lots, at 5 cents per pound, while quotations of
id Hour, at wholesale prices, stood firmly at 12 to
a 13 dollars per barrel. We know of many sales
>e about this lime, at 15 and some at 16 dollars per
3- band in the same city. At these rales, we
could name a hundred places in Georgia, where
2, northern flour is in constant use, and where a
n bale of the lowest priced cottons would not have
s- purchased a barrel of flour. Here to be sure,
s- the opposite extremes of the two articles were
brought together; but the force of the example is
ir but little weakened when it informs us, that
1- there was not probably a bale of uplands in the
j State, that would have purchased three barrels
s of flour.
>t | To this head of voluntary tribute may be ro
y terred the millions expended annually by our
e | people, in visits of pleasure to the North. Theao
f are unobjectionable in themselves, and under
>- different circumstances would be commendable;
h | but when it is consideied that they swell the
!, streams of wealth which are constantly flowing
from a waning to a growing people, they deserve
g our notice, if not our censure. There is a point
s- of view, however, in which they assume an im
d portance not to be overlooked. They distinctly
»f mark a difference of habit, between the Northern
>f and Southern people, from which the first are
it yearly gainers, and last losers, to the amount of
). several millions. In the natural order of things
e our Northern brethren should spend twice aa
is much with us in winter, as we do with them in
it summer; for they double us in white population:
y but it may well be questioned, whether their dis.
bursemenls in this way, equal a third of ours.
>f The main reason of the difference is, that they
d are a home-abiding, economical people; while
e we incline too much to the opposite traits of
n character. Hence their gains, which are not
is larger in wealth, than in honor. Let us profit by
„ their example.
it Nor would would it be out of place here to
- mention, the indirect, consequential losses, which
ir we have sustained, by-our neglect of foreign
3- trade. Without overstepping the bounds of rea
n son able conjecture, we could eniaige the num.
i- her of these to a wearisome extent; but time will
e not permit us to recount them. Let us take a
e single example, deduced from history, speaking
i, directly to our purpose. In 1835, the long en
it dured national debt was extinguished, after hav
n ing absorbed from the treasury about lour hun
d dred and twenly-two millions of dollars. The
:s larger portion of this sum was paid to citizens of
is the United States; of whom, those residing north
i- of the Potomac, were to those residing south of
e it, in the ratio of IGS to II; and those in Mas*
x sachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania, to
e those in all the other States, as 150 to 176.
e Whence, but from their commerce, did tho
• Northern States acquire the means of loaning
r largely to the Government? Whence, but from
V the same source, did three States acquire tho
> power to loan thirteen times as much as all tho
- Southern Slates put together? And with tho
- power to lend, was it no advantage to them, to
have been enabled to lend, upon the best securi
e ty in the world?
So much for our own voluntary self-impover.
i ishment. A word or two upon upon those con
- tributions which we have made to tho fortunes
-of our Northern brethren, aud which may be de
e nominated, compulsory.
a The actual disbursements of the General Go
d vernment, have been about one billion of dollars,
i- exclusive of the surplus revenue. The greater
i, part of this immense sum was disbursed among
s, the several Stales. A rateable distribution of
n this fund between the Northern and North-wcst
i- ern, and Southern and South-western States, as
e they now stand, would have been nearly as fol
a lows:
1, According to whole population, as 7to 5
e “ “ white “ “ 7 to 3
y “ “ representation, “ 5 to 3
e “ “ aria, “ 4 to 5
lt How have they actually been ? Up to 1830,
y there had been expended in the several States
n and Territories two hundred and eighteen mil.
ir lious of public money, in fortifications, light
houses, public debt, pensions, and internal im
-1 provements; of which sum, one hundred and
' 8 ninety-five millions were disbursed in the North
** ern and Norih.wesiern States ; and twenly-threo
u - millions in the Southern and Si uth-western.
y The national debt cons ilutes by far the largest
iS item in this account, and it was but equitablo
n * that this should be paid to the lenders in tho
e > proportions of their loans. But in tho math rof
8 * internal improvements, the Southern division
"* should have leceived a ninth more than tho
8 * Northern. The disbursements under this head
r * were—north of the Potomac, in round numbers,
e * four millions seven hundred thousand; south of
the Potomac, two hundred and sixty-seven thou-
n ' sand ;or nearly 18 to l.» Pensions 17 to 2 ;
Ligfit-houses (consider our coast) 2 to 1 ; Forti
k* fications equal—but never unequal afterward*.
he and never to be equal again. The expenditures
on the Cumberland road alone, were about nine
ed times the amount expended for internal irnprove
ments in all the Southern and South-western
:e > Stales together ; and without that, the propor*
m lion North and South, was as Bto 1.
ds But this gives us a very inadequate idea of tho
, a ' extent of the disbursements in the several States.
II ® It touches not the first cost, and the actual ex
re penses of the national establishments, moit of
™ which arc at the North; nor the pay of the offi*
ds cers, principal and subordinate, in the several
n * departments of the government, most of whom
are citizens of the North; nor the ten thousand
other items of expense, which go to make up the
grand total of §1,000,000,000. Whoever will
* While the above was in the pres*, the appro
nd prjations of the last Congress for Internal Improve
- ments appeared. They are as follows ;
;s. Jsorth and North-western States, 1,189,315
ed South and South-western Stales, 284,000
,th New-York alone, 358,443
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