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BY GL'IEU & THOMPSON-
—■ (TJJITKI) STATES.
°* 1 .-.r=r:
PAPER, peran-
TI !1 n'rs- fortlic Weekly (containing iwen-
three dolfcirs—all payable in ad
va,ttt\f)VEJITISEME?TTS inserted al Cbarles
ton prices. igj~ Postage must be paid on all commu
nications and letters of business.
IWMBP^xjjuiiimii-PW i■ ii in* 1 iin j-*Ksm
[From the. Globe i]
FAMILIAR DIALOGUES BETWEEN A
MERCHANT AND A FARMER —No. 2.
Farmer. Well, squire, I have read llte Cons.i
lulidn again since our last talk, and now u«nl ;
to ask you a few questions. VS ill you answer ,■
them? *
Merchant. Certainly.
F. In forbidding money to be drawn from tlic ,
Treasury, except in pursuance of appropriat ion, j
docs not the Constitution require that there shah
lea Treasury?
M. No doubt of it.
F. What is a Treasury?
f>L A place or places to keep the public mo
ney in, I suppose.
F. Very true; a place or places to KEEP the
public money in, not to lend il out in. Who
has charge ot the Treasury?
M. The •Treasurer, I suppose.
F. Yes, the Treasurer, under the superinten
dence of the Secretary of the Treasury. Can
he lawfully lend out the public money?
M. I suppose not.
F. Can the Treasurer or Secretary of the |
Treasury authorize any person to lend it out?
M. I suppose not.
F. If a thousand dollars he paid into the
Treasury, and you borrow that thousand dollars
of the Treasurer or any body else, ami buy goods
with the money, is it not out of the Treasury?
M. Why, I suppose that when I have bor- !
rowed a thousand dollars of public money, ami j
bought goods with it, and the goods are put up
on my shelves here, it is no longer in the Trea
sury.
F. It requires no argument to prove that.—
But as the money has been “ drawn ouP' of the
Treasury without appropriation, is not the
Constitution plainly and directly violated?
M. It would sccrn so, indeed. But the banks
are the-places where the public moneys are gen
erally kept, and the banks, therefore, arc the
Treasury.
TV Well, suppose they are the Treasury: would
that mend the matter? A thousand dollars of
public money is pul into a Treasury bank; you
borro;w it to boy goods with, and draw it out; is
it not “drawn from the Treasury" just as much
as if it were taken out of an iron chest kept by
the Treasurer?
M. I don’t sec but it is.
F. Then, Squire, the lending out of the pub
lic money to buy goods with, or for any oilier
purpose is A DIRECT AND PALPABLE
VIOLATION OF THE CONSTITUTION.
M. I’ll tell you what, Mr. Loco Foco, we want
the public money to use in banking and trade,
and we. will have it.
F. What! in violation of the Constitution?
M. We’ll get Mr. Webster, the great expoun
der of the Constitution, to read il another way, I
tell you.
F. I know Mr. Wcbstfer is a great expounder
and gct-vrontlcr, but I think it will puzzle even
him to prove that no means yes, that you sha’nt
means you 'may, and that it is constitutional to
draw money from the Treasury without an ap
propriation, when the Constitution says, in so
many words,’ it shall not be done !
M. Huzza for the Constitution !
F. Yes, you huzza for the Constitution, and
violate it with your eyes open. ( Exit .)
M. Too hard for me in argument; I must read
Mr. WcbStci’s speeches.
[From the National Intelligencer.']
From one wiio writes well ami wisely, and
with so much case as the Euitor of the Alexan
dria Gazette, the following observations, in
themselves just, come with peculiar force :
Editorial Writings. —A few days ago'lhe Na
tional Intelligencer had some sensible remarks
on the subject of editing a paper. One idea ex
pressed has frequently struck us with great force.
Many people estimate the ability of a newspaper,
and the industry and talents of its editor, by the
variety and quantity of editorial matter which
it contains. Nothing can be more fallacious.—
It is comparatively an easy task for a frothy
writer to pour out, daily, columns of words—
words, upon any and all subjects. His ideas
may flow in “one weak, washy, everlasting
flood,” and his command of language may ena
ble him to string them together like bundles of
onions; and yet his paper may he a meager and
poor concern. But what is the labor, the toil of
such a man, who displays his “leaded matter”
ever so largely, to that imposed upon the judi
cious well-informed editor, who exercise his vo
cation with an hourly consciousness of its re
sponsibilities and its duties, and devotes himself
to the conduct of his paper with the same care
and assiduity that a sensible lawyer bestows up
on a suit, or a humane physician upon a patient
—without regard to show or display '. Indeed,
the mere writing part, of editing a paper, is but
a small portion of the work. The industry is
nofeven shown there. The care, the taste, the
time, employed in selecting is far more impor
tant —and the tact of a good editor is belter shown
by his selections than any thing else; and that,
we all know, is halfthe battle. But, as we have
said, an editor ought to be estimated, and his la
bors understood and appreciated, by the general
conduct of his paper —its tone—its temper—its
manner—its uniform, consistent course—its prin
ciples —its aims—its manliness—its courtesy —
its dignity—its propriety. To preserve all these,
as they should be preserved, is enougli to occupy
full}’ the time and attention of any man. If to
this be added the general supervision of the
newspaper establishment, which most editors
have to encounter, the wonder is, how they can
find time, or “head-room,” to write at all J
liaising the Wind. —This city has within the
past week, been the scene of the operations of a
Jeremy Didcilcr, who has contrived to fleece not
a few of onr citizens. About a week since, a
person calling himself Colonel Benton, took
boarding at the Exchange Hotel, where he re
presented himself to be a wealthy planter from
Mississippi, who had come on to this city for the
purpose of purchasing slaves. His first opera
tion was to wait on Mr. Slatter and Mr. Baily,
slave dealers, and contracted with them for the
purchase of negroes to the amount of nearly
$lO,OOO. He stated that he had not then any
funds immediately available, but that he had a
draft upon the U. S. Bank for $20,000, which,
when cashed, would enable him to close the bar
gain and pay the bill. His second essay was
upon Mr. Patterson, taylor, in Soutb.street, from
whom he ordered a large quantity of clothing,
to be sent.to his hotel, and charged to Dr. Ben
ton. Clothing to tire amount of $56, was fur
nished him, and goods to the amount of $49
were cut up*to Be made into a dress for him.—
Being thus arrayed, he entered upon business on
a large scalc._ He look every opportunity of
spreading the report of his immense wealth, and
upon the strength of that reputation endeavor to
get credit. - His operations in that way were nu
merous, but he did not succeed in all of them.
A demonstration was made by him upon the
Messrs. Campbell, jewellers, in Baltimore -street,
whose stock of jewelry he selected several
\ a ua ‘ e articles, and had them wrapped up for
Inc UUTDOSe of parrrinnr iknni n ...... 1...*. 1 I
Campbell refused to pail with them without the
cash or good security. A livery stable keeper
was also tried, and from him he selected a pair
of match horses, which he tried and agreed to
purchase. Mr. Ackland, a boot-maker, also suf
fered to the amount of a pair of pumps. The
gentleman was not disposed to let time hang
heavy upon his hands either. lie revelled in
pleasure, was as munificent as a prince in his
treats, borrowed m nicy from the bar-keepers of
the hotel to defray his current expenses, rode
about the city in a back upon credit, and enjoy
ed various other delights through the aid of the
j same system. Suspicion being aroused as to his
ability to paj T las bill, be slipped off from Jewett’s
and took up his quarters at Barnnai'jj represent
ing himself as the nephew of Senator Benton,
and going “the largo figure” into the obliged to
do cash business, and not having a sufficient sum
| to meet the demand, very obligingly borrowed
!it from a new acquaintance. This system did
not suit him, and he removed to the Eutaw
' house, where he ordered a suit of apartments
becoming the dignity of the character lie as
sume!). John Doe and Richard Roc, however,
; sent him an invitation to wait upon Squire Shansi
and after some considerable search he was found
in his new hotel, and escorted to the Magistrate’s
office, where he was unable to settle the claims
against him, and consequently was compelled to
take apartments in the vicinity of lire Falls.—
At the Squire’s office he staled that his name 1
was John Benton, but lie was recognized as the i
notorious David Theodocius Hines, a chevalier
d’ Industrie, well known in the Southern and
Western Stales.— Baltimore Sim.
BALTIMORE AUG. 13 Violent Tornado
and loss of Life. —The thunder storm which
passed over this city on Saturday afternoon, be
tween five and six o’clock, was accompanied by
a copious shower of rain, and also by a violent
gust or tornado which occasioned the loss of sev
eral lives, besides doing injury in various places,
i The principal damage was sustained on Don
! nell’s wharf, at the lower end of Thames street.
; At this wharf was lying the Bremen ship So
! phie, just, arrived with a large number of Gcr-
I’mau emigrants. A number of these were ma
j king active preparations for their departure for
I the West, and when the rain came on, about for
ty or fifty took shelter in an adjacant large un
finished warehouse. The house not being yet
under roof, the violence of the rain caused all
but nine persons to seek refuge in the adjoining
houses. They had scarcely quitted the ware
house when the wind blew with furious violence,
and in a moment prostrated the building to the
ground, burying eight, persons under the ruins.
Os the latter number, five immediately succee
ded in extricating themselves, though not with
out being considerably injured. Two others, a
man and a young woman about nineteen years
of age, were soon after dug out, dreadfully brui
sed and quite dead. A colored man, a carter,
was standing in the building, but seeing his
horse grow restive at the sound of the thunder,
lie ran towards him, hut was caught by the fall
ing wall and had both his legs badly broken, and
bis face and bead severely cut.
The ninth person in the house was ?>lr. Joseph
Holt, a bricklayer, who had been engaged on
the building. He was in the third story, and
when the house fell he was thrown head fore,
most into a large heap of mortar. Although to
this circumstance may be attributed the preser
vation of his life, we regret to say" it is feared
' his eyesight is irretrievably ruined by the lime.
1 The warehouse was owned by Messrs. Don
noil and Lurrnan. It was 100 feet long by 40
> wide, and three stories high. The workmen
commenced (he roof on Saturday, and had laid
> three rows of slate. Its destruction was com
plete, li’.e tornado scarcely leaving one brick up
on another. Some of the lumber was carried to
1 the distance of 300 sett.
We learn that two small bay vessels were
1 capsized at the same time near Fort McHenry.
Tiie hands on board of one escaped, hut ja. small
hoy was crushed to death between some lumber.
In the cabin of tlic other vessel were a man and
two boys who were taken out uninjured, shortly
* after the squall, by cutting a whole in the hot
-1 tom of the vessel.
A part of the roof of the Philadelphia Railroad
* bridge, at Canton, was blown off, and also the
s roof of the steam saw mill at Harris’ Creek. At
‘ the Depot at Canton, the walls of the car-house,
• which was burnt a few weeks ago, were blown
’ down, and some other trifling damage sustained.
s Several sheds were unroofed at the ship yard
1 of Messrs. Cooper & Abrahams.
A part of the roof of a warehouse on Ramsay’s
wharf was blown off.
The ship General Smith, lying at Corner’s
! wharf, broke her moorings and was blown so
violently against the wharf that she stove in a
; portion of her bow and carried away a part oi
her bulwarks.
■ Mr. Shaw, the keeper of the Lazaretto, who
was returning home at the time ot the squall,
was, together with his horse and carryall, blown
over a fence and bruised considerably.
A part of the wall and roof of the large fish
• storing bouse on the south side of the basin w T as
f blown off. — American.
Steamboat Herald Burnt. —The Cincinnati
1 Gazette of the Blh hist, says—“ The Cincinnati
’ and Warsaw packet, Herald, on her downward
t passage, took fire at half past two o’clock, yes
s terday, eight miles below the city, and burnt to
J the water’s edge. She was run ashore at South
■ Bend, and passengers and crew, numbering six
-1 ty, escaped without serious injury. Tiie boat
’ was new and we believe built and owned by Col.
: James, of Rising Sun.”— lb.
The Corn crop in the lower counties of the
Western Shore of Maryland is said to be pro
■ mising. the rains there having been quite abun
dant.—lb.
Tiie Norfolk Beacon of Friday says —“It is
’ thought the Exploring Expedition squadron may
! get to sea in the early part of-the coming week.
1 The Vincennes and the Peacock, which drop
-1 ped down to the bite of Craney Island on Wed
nesday, got under way yesterday and made tur.
ther progress. The ReliefSlore Ship drypped
down yesterdav afternoon, and the Porpoise,
Lieut. Com. Ringgold, arrived in Hampton
j Roads from New York on Thursday.”— lb.
TALLAHASSEE, (Fa.) AUG. 11.—We
have before us two specimens of cotton, the
Petit Gulf and the Black Seed or Sea Island
Colton, gathered about the first of this month
from Col. Gadsden’s plantation in Jefferson.
Considering the season, the Sea Island is very
early, and only confirms the opinion of the fa
vorable adaptation of Carolina Sea Islands to
Florida siil and climate. Our corn crops arc
now beyond hazard, and universally pronounced
as abundant. The cotton crops generally are
fair; probably very good, and from the represen
tations from other Cotton growing districts, we
have no doubt will compare with any crops in
the South. Indeed, Middle Florida, on an im
partial examination of her capabilities will com
pare with any of the cotton producing districts.
It is believed she may challenge an exhibit
with Alabama and Mississippi, although she
has very unjustly, not been noted hitherto as an
equal.
We received last week, a few bowls of cotton
opened from the plantation of Mr. H.
H. Walker, at Shell Point, whieft we inadver
tantly omitted to notice in our last.. It is an
excellent specimen.— Floridian.
CHARLESTON, AUG. 16.—Stinson, alias
Pollock, alias Page, who was arrested a few days
otiaro-f* nf havinir defrauded Mr
Tobias, of New Yoik, of a number ofWatcl.cs,
was on Tuesday brought up before Judge Bay,
in Chambers, on a writ of Habeas Corpus, and
discharged on the ground that no affidavit to
warrant his detention had been made by the par
ties in New York. The prisoner was,conse
quently discharged.— Courier.
A U GIJSTA, GA.
SATURDAY MORNING, AUGUST IS, ie3B-_
UNION TICKET FOII CONGRESS.
J. W. BURN EV, of Jasper.
D. C. CAMPBELL, of Bibb.
BARZILLAI GR AVES, of New ton.
JUNIUS iIILLYEir, of Clark.
ALFRED IVERSON, of Mu-cogee.
J. S. PATTERSON, of Early.
R. \V. POOLER, of Chatham.
J. G. McWHORTER, of Richmond.
C. 11. NELSON, of Cherokee.
NEW COTTON. - “’•*
first bale of new Cotton was received at'
T the ware-house of Messrs. Solomon Ivneeland & |
j Co. on Wednesday last, from the plantationof Rev.
I Juriah Harris, Burke county. The quality of this
j bale is represented as good, and it. met with ready
! sale at 13 cents. Last year the first bale of new
cotton was received on the 23d August, fr< in the
| plantation of Turner Clanton, Esq. Columbia
county, and brought 12i cents.
Another. —The second hale of Cotton, of the
present crop, weighing 429 lbs. was received yes
terday at (he warehouse of Messrs. Clarke, Mc-
Teir <fc Co. from the plantationof Turner Clanton,
: Esq. of Columbia county. We were shown a saui
j pie of this cotton, the color of which was good—
I staole fair. It.was sold on arrival at 14 cents.
/... - ifikw
Tire new steamer Gov. Dudley, Intended as a
packet between Charleston and W ihnington, N. C.,
arrived at Norfolk on the 11th inst , on her way to
Wilmington The Norfolk Beacon says, “Iter mo
del is handsome, and her accommodations are very
fine.”
£5~We have repeatedly'- called tiie attention of
the people of Georgia, to the loose, careless and
indifferent manner in which the legislative busi
ness of the State is managed in our general assem
bly. This call has produced, as yet, very little ef
fect : an apathy exists among the people, which
we conceive to be highly censurable: and it is to
be apprehended, that they will awaken from this
apathv only when by some acts of our legislature
some irretrievable injury will have been done to
the Slate. At every session of the legislature,
charters are granted, money appropriated, and pri
vileges lavishly bestowed, without due considera
tion, and without calculating the benefits they may
produce, the injury they may effect, and the influ
ence they may exercise over the future prosperity
of the State, and happiness of the people. It is
time that a radical reform should be effected in our
legislative proceedings. It is time that those elect
ed to make laws for us,should make it their duty to
understand every hill that may he proposed, and
should vote knowingly and fully, for or against any
bill, only after mature deliberation and sufficient
reflection. If the people permit our legislators to
go on as they have hitherto done, the ruin of the
Statelnay be predicted.
We had occasion the other day, afier a conver
sation with a friend, on banks, and banking powers,
to lodk into some of the charters granted to seve
ral Insurance and Trust Companies. We came
across the one granted to the Western Insurance
and Trust Company of Columbus. And we never
were so much astonished as at the powers granted
to that company. So astonished are we still, that
we cannot believe the legislature ever thought of
granting such privileges to such a company. So
astonished are we still, that we believe the bill must
have been passed without being read, or if read at
all, must have been read hastily, before a few mem
bers only, and amid the noise and confusion of the
last days of a session. Not one member of the le
gislature could have been aware of the extraordi
nary powers granted in that charter, except those
who were to be directly interested in, and immedi
ately connected with, the institution. If any dis
interested member had been aware of the monstrous
powers and privileges granted, we believe that ob
jection would have been made to the bill, which
would have led to its rejection. This charter was
granted by the legislature of 183fi. We shall call
the attention of the reader to a few of the powers
granted to the company in question; and he will
agree with us, that such powers are of a most ex
traordinary and alarming nature, incompatible w ith
the public institutions of ihe country, and that means
should speedily be adopted, to neutralize their con
sequences, should the institution go into operation.
By the second section of the charter, being the
28ih of the act in which this charter was granted,
it is provided, “that the corpora - ion hereby created,
shall have full power and authority to borrow and
loan, on such terms as may be agreed upon, fyc.,receive
money on trust and deposites, tyc., to do and perform
all necessary matters and things connected with the
above objects, or any of them.” Is there any limit
to the power granted to borrow - and to loan, in a
rnount and in interest? None at all. The compa
ny can borrow millions at the usual interest, and
loan the same amount at any interest they please,
provided the terms he agreed upon by the contract
ing parties.
By the third section it is provided, “that the capi
tal stock of said company shall be one million of
dollars, to he divided into shares of one hundred
dollars, and that one-half of the capital shall be ac
tually ptid in before said corporation shall be allow
ed to commence business.” It is very clear that
one-halfof the stock must he paid in, before the insti
tution can commence business. Butin the seventh
section this requisition is neutralized by making it
“lawful for the President and Directors of the said
Company, to regulate ihe terms of payment for the
stock subscribed, of to be subscribed.” Is it very
clear that the provision of the third section, can
easily be evaded by the power granted in the se
venth. Instead of one-half of the capital being
paid in, in specie, or something equivalent to specie,
as the legislature no doubt intended, stockholders
may deposite their individual notes, which would
be considered by themselves as payment actually
made fur their stock.
The ninth section of the charter, or the 3oth of
the act, is as follows .-
“That it shall be lawful for the said corpora
tion to purchase and hold such, and so much
real estate as shall be necessary and convenient t
for the transaction of its business; and also to :
take and hold any real estate as security bona
fide mortgaged or pledged to said corporation,
either to secure the payment of the shares ot
capita] stock, or to secure the payment of any
debt that may be due it; and also to purchase on
sale made by virtue of any judgment at law, or
any order or decree of a court of equity,
or otherwise to receive and lake any reai
estate in payment or towards satisfaction of
any debt contracted and due to said corpo
ration, and to hold the same until they can
conveniently sell and convert the same into
money, or otiicr personal property : Provided
always. That it shall not be lawful for the said
corporation to deal, or use, or employ, any part
of the stock, funds, or money, in buying or sell
ing any goods, wares or merchandize, or in the
purchase or sale of any stock or funded debt,i
rrmirnrtrd nr to he contracted hv . or Under . anil
act of the United States, or of arty particuljr t
State, or to emit any notes or bills, or to ‘
make any contract for the payment of money,
only except under the seal of the said corpora - |
tioni ami all such notes and contracts, shall be ,
to all intents and purposes, be taken to operate .
as specialties at law, but it shall nevertheless i
be lawful for the said corporation, to purchase ‘
and hold any such stock or funded, debt, as last I
aforesaid, for the purpose of vesling any part of !
the capital stock, funds, or money therein, in- '
stead ofinvesling the same, in and upon any real
sccui i'y; and also, to sell and transfer the same,
and again invest the same or any part thereof,
in such slock or funds, whenever, and as otten
as the exigencies of the said corporation, or a
due regard to the safety of its funds, shall re
quire; and also, to purchase and sell exchanges )
and other choses in action, and make loans ot j
its capital stock or funds on bonds, or mortga- ;
<r t ;s, or personal security, and the same to call in j
and re-loan on like security, as the occasion j
may require.”
Were such unlimited powers ever granted by any ;
state in the Union to any banking institution or
other corporate bodies 1 By this section the V. es
tern Insurance ami Trust Company, have unliout
i ed powers to insure, to trade in every thing, to
issue notes or bills for any amount tiiey please,
without am' restrictions whatever. It is true that
in this section it is provided that the company can
not emit bills or notes, or make any contracts for
the payment of money, only except under the seal
of the corporation. But the framers of the charter
were cunning enough to neutralize this provision
in the ninth section, lay declaring in the tenth sec
tion, '■'‘that alt policies of insurance and other con
tracts which shall be made orentered into by the
said corporation, may he made cither under or
the sent, thereof." If the members of the
/jegislfiture of IS3'3 had been attentive to their duty,
'would they have sanctioned a charter which con
tained such a palpable and evident fraud ?
By the fourth section it is provided, “that the
stock and affairs of said company, shall be man
aged and conducted by seven directors.” This is
very well; but m the tenth section it is declared,
that “the business of the corporation may be other
wise conducted and carried on without the presence
of a hoard of direc tors, by the President or ass slant,
or either, or a committee to be appointed for that
purpose.” 3y the fourth section, the business of
the institution it to he managed by seven di, colors.
But the framers of the charter, by an imposition
on the credulity and carelessness of the members
of the legislature, neutralized this provision, by
granting to the President alone the power to trans
act all the business of the corporation !
Not satisfied with the extraordinary powers con
ferred upon the Western Insurance and Trust
Company of Columbus, with unexampled hypocrisy
and effrontery, the framers ofthe charter declare
in the eleventh sec ion, “that this act shall be, and
is hereby, declared to be a public act, and the same
be construed in all courts and place# bemgkly and
favorably for every beneficial purpose herein
mentioned." For what beneficial purposes was
such a charter grunted 1
We have said enough to awakenpublic attention
to the absolute necessity of a radical reform in
our legislative proceedings. If the people of Geor
gia take the matter in hand, reform will be effected,
and the most salutary effects will naturally flow
from it. But if indifference and supineness be still
manifested by the people, serious injury to the
prosperity ofour stale, and to the public institutions
of the country, must be the inevitable consequen
ces.
We must assert that we do not know who draft
ed the charter in question; whoever he may be,
we do not envy the reputation he has won for him
self by the> production of such an offspring.
Note. In the same act charters are granted to
three different, insurance and trust companies. At
the session of 1830, a Irill was introduced in the
senaie, incorporating the Savannah Insurance and
Trust Company. The bill passed that branch of
the legislature, and was sent to the other house,
where it was amended by incorporating the Ogle
thorpe Insurance and Trust Company of Macon,
and the Western Insurance and Trust Company of
Columbus. In this shape the hill was returned to
the Senate, which concurred in the amendment
without a word of debate on the‘2!st of December:
the legislature adjourned on the 24th. It must be
observed, that the bill which originated in the
senate, incorporating the Savannah Insurance and
Trust Company, was read three times in that
branch of the legislature, and three limes in the
Ho use of .Representatives, but that the amend
ment adopted by the House, which embraced two
other charters, one for the Oglethorpe Insurance
and Trust Company of iMacon, and the other for
the Western Insurance and Trust Company of
Columbus, was read only once in the House, and
only once in the Senate. So that the spirit of the
state constitution, if not the very letter of it, was by
the passage of the bill, with such important addi
tions to it, palpably violated, or shamefully evaded.
Why was it so arranged as that the charter of the
Western Insurance and Trust Company of Colum
bus should be read but once in the House and but
once in the Senate ?
“THE SOUTH CAROLINIAN.”
It will be seen by the following prospectus, that
Col. A H. Pemberton, late editor of the Augusta
Chronicle, is about establishing a paper at Colum
bia, S. C. under the above title. A subscription
list has been left at this office, where such of his
friends as are desirous of subscribing to the South
Carolinian are invited to call and put down their
j names and residence.
PROPOSALS
I Fir pulili king in the Town of Columbia, (S. f.) a new
(Scuff- VV eckiy anil Wi ekly Newspaper, t ■ he. n’ided the
SOL TII CAROLI N I A N .
BY A. H. PEMBERTON.
Encouraged and stimulated by the kind and
flattering solicitations of political friends and an
all-absorbing interest in the great question of the
day, the undersigned (formerly editor of the
Augusta Chronicle,) proposes to publish a new i
paper, in Columbia, and respectfully submits to \
the consideration of the public, the principles and ;
opinions by which it will be governed. Firmly con- i
vmced that the future liberty, happiness, indepen
dence and prosperity of the Southern States, and
indeed of the whole Confederacy, are vitally in
volved in the momentous question now pending,
between a gigantic National Hank, and the consti
tutional currency of the country, the main object
of the South Carolinian will be to discuss that
question freely and thoroughly ; throw all its lights
I fairly and fully before the people; and she w there
from, that a National Bank is utterly unconstitu
j tional and inexpedient, and violently inimical to
j free trade and industry, the liberties of the coun
try, and especially the trade, commerce, and pros
| penty ofthe Southern Slates—that their direct im
: port and export trade, once so flourishing, and con
j ducive to their general wealth and prosperity, was 1
| destroyed by ttie overwhelming power and infln
| ence of its capita), aided by the immense credit and
resources of the Government, and a kindred sys- ‘
lent of partial and unconstitutional legislation—
that an etnployinent of the State Banks, as fiscal s
agents of Hie Government, in any shape, must be (
even more dangerous and corrupting than a Na- ‘
tional one, and necessarily productive of 1 lie same J
effects on our riomhern commerce, since the great :
creuit and resources of the government would ne- 1
cessarily be absorbed and monopolized by the f
Northern Banks, and defy ail chance of fair com- ‘
penlion-on the part ofthe Southern ones, or South- '
ern merchants —and that the only effectual and
permanent remedy for these evils, and the com- t
mercial embarrassment and distresses of the coun- e
uv, is an entire Divorce of the Government -
j i o/7i all Banks, State or Federal , and return to u
.he true constitutional currency and system, now i
termed “ the Sub-Treasury System,” os cyiuently
designed by tha framers of the Constitution, end
first in operation after its adoption, till the combined
power of the Federal party, and Bank wealth and
aristocracy of the country, triumphed oyer the wise
and salutary provisions of that sacred instrument,
and the great rights and interests of the people it
was framed to protect —that this system is not an
“experiment,” but an o'd safe method successfully
practised for centuries, by the most enlightened and
civilized nations of the earth, till the rapidly grow
ing power of the Banks, (then an “ experiment, )
enabled them to draw within their control, and
wield to their own individual profits, the immense
credit and finances of Government —that, so far
from increasing the power and patronage of the
President, it cannot fail, under any rational or pro
bable organization of the details, to decrease them,
to a very great extent; and while the future inte
rest and character of its advocates in Cong l ess are
deeply involved in rendering those details as perfect
as practicable, and the whole system as safe, effi
cient. and salutary as human wisdom and foresight
can devise, the continual and entire power over it.
on the part of Congress, and the people, (so wholly
unlike an arbitrarily independent National Bank,'
would always afford the opportunity of rectifying
whatever might he found erroneous, and improving
upon till that should be beneficial—yea, even of
abolishing the whole, if it should disappoint the ex
pectations of the country; thus happily and pro
perly keeping the great money-power of the Go
vernment in the hands of the people and their re
presentatives, instead of madly and unnecessarily
surrendering it into the hands of a few irresponsi
ble private individuals, to be directed, wholly be
yond all popular or legislative control, according to
their own selfish money making and power-seek
ing interests—that instead of deranging the enrren
cy, ii will of all things render it settled and stable,
and secure from future “experiments,” since it
w ill separate it and its commercial relations from ;
politics, and deprive future Presidents of all power
of interference with it ; while, from that deeply
rooted hostility to a National Bank, which is co-ex- ;
tensive with the Republican party of the Confede
racy, and, commencing with the existence of the
present Government, must continue in all proba
bility to its end, there can be no hope of any orga
nization of the currency, by such a Bank, but what
must be greatly 7 deranged and broken up, as at pre
sent, whenever the period of its dissolution arrives;
to say nothing of its being always necessarily de
pendent (>nthe lornmes and speculations of private
individuals —that the Sub-Treasury system does
not aim at the establishment of “an exclusive me
tallic currency,” but one of only about ten millions
of gold and silver, to about four hundred millions
of Bank paper, since the receipts and disburse
ments of the Government will require only about
the former sum, while the Bank paper in circula
tion amounts fully to the latter, and probably near
one-fourth mree—that it will effectually restrain
the alarming and ruinous tendency 7 of the Banks to
over-issue; constrain them to keep their paper up
to the standard value of the specie currency; insure
their immense influence every where, in behall of
low Tariff duties, a limited revenue, and economy
in the expenses of the Government; and thereby |
completely settle the Tariff and oilier distracting
sectional questions, and promote the harmony 7 and
perpetuity of the Union —that the principles of this
system have formed an essential portion of those
of the Republican or State Rights party, from the
adoption of the Constitution, to the present time—
and that ihe present Northern “ Whig" party, which
is now laboring for the establishment of a gigantic
and overshadowing National Bank, is nothing more
than the old Fedeml party, under a new name : that
party 7 which has always struggled against the rights,
welfare, and principles of the South, and is now a
plain arid odious combination of Bankites, TarifTites,
National Internal Improvement men, Consohda
tionists, Colonizationists, and Abolitionists, —every
thing most obnoxious to the feelings, interests, and |
safety of the Southern people.
Considering this measure of an Inclepenrhnt I
Treasury, or Divorce of Hank and State, as de
cidedly a test question, the South Carom.man
will cordially act, in its support, with all who ad- j
vocate it, and oppose all who< ppose it—w holly for- |
get fill of all past differences on setilod questions, !
and ready to extend the warm right hand of fellow- j
ship to all who accord with it—conscientiously be
lieving “ this great measure rs deliverance and
liberty,” in all its immensely wide and vitally im
portant political and social relations, to be the
commencement of one of the greatest and noblest,
and ultimately most triumphant, peaceful strug
gles for the great principles of human liberty and
happiness, that the world ha s ever known. Caro
lina, with her accustomed chivalrous devotion to
liberty, has thrown herself into the front rank of
the contest; and here, principally, must it first be
waged. The ey r es of all her sister States will be
fixed upon her with the deepest interest. Much,
very much-almost everything—must depend upon
the inflexible courage and virtue, disinterestedness
and patriotism, of her gallant people: for no efforts i
or means are spared, or will be, to distract and di- ■
vide them, and allure them from their true and 1
tried faith. But recently a resident of this Stale,
though uniformly a zealous and enthusiastic coad
juta’.or in her struggles for Southern interests and
principles, the undersigned brings with him the
highest regard for and confidence in her chivalric
people, but none of the personal feelings or hostili
ties which have unhappily marked the present dif
ferences between old political friends; and his
dearest object, next to the success of the great
cause in which he is engaged, will be to soothe
those asperities, and encourage forgetfulness of all
personal feelings or considerations, in ardent devo
tion to the great princip es involved—trusting that
our respected friends of the past, w ill again become
associates at some early period of the future, and
earnestly striving to guard against those disgusting
and degenerating ■personal contests and parties,
from the deep disgrace and curse of which, tins I
State has heretofore been so peculiarly 7 , happily, |
and honorably exempt.
Fully concurring and co-operating with the Ca
rolina people, heretofore, in the noble, dignified,
and self-respectful aversion they 7 have manifested
toward engaging in any partizan contest fur the
Presidency, the editor shall spare no pains to in
culcate the propriety 7 of pursuing a similar course
hereafter. Duty to his principles, however, will
constrain him to determinately 7 and uncompromis
ingly oppose the pretentions of one of the present
candidates, however he may be disposed to avoid
all advocacy of the other. He cannot but look
upon Mr. Clay, both in his principles and prac- i
tice, now, and ever since the abandonment of the |
Republican party in 1818, as the most deadly, dan- I
gerous, and successful enemy of the South, and ;
the true interests of the whole Confederacy, that |
either have ever known. At the head of the old
Federal party 7 —an open and avowed Bankiie, Ta
riffite, Colonizationist, and an advocate of ihe Pro
clamation and Force-bill—and now too plainly 7 as
sociated with the infamous opinions and principles
of the Abolitionists—his elevation, as a slave-holder,
and from a slave Slate, to the Executive chair of j
the Confederacy, would be one of the mostdeadiy j
and destructive blows to the South, and the stability
of the Union, that could possibly 7 be inflicted upon
; them, from any quarter. Between him and his ;
present opponent,or almost any 7 other, the SOUTH
CAROLINIAN could not hesitate to choose fora
moment; and if the latter, and his parly, shall faith- j
fully and honestly adhere to the great Republican (
and State Rights principles and measures to which
they 7 are openly and thoroughly 7 pledged, in the late
extraordinary and admirable “Address” of their
Congressional Representatives, it will be very far
from desiring that lie should have any 7 other oppo
pent, even if the present one were to withdraw.
He it remembered, however, that all this is quali
fied by an important ‘■if; 1 and the true, and only
true, course of the Southern Slates and people—
no matter who may he a candidate—is todeal with
all men according to their measures —keep the con
trol of their own interests, principles, and destinies,
in their own hands—stand alool from all personal
contests, or entangling alliances —and become the
partizans of no man.
In other respects.it will zealously and unequivo
cally advocate, the doctrinesof the Republican and
State K ghts school, as set forlh in the Virginia and
Kentucky 7 Resolutions—General Education, pub
lic order, virtue, and morality—the Union of the
States, as established by the Constitution, for the
strengthening and securing, not destroying or weak
ening, oi the institutions, liberties, rights, interests,
and independence, of the several Slates—and our
inestimable domestic institutions, as decidedly a
blessing, both to the master and the slave, and form
ing, in connexion with our political one, a combina-.
tion, the wisest and best, for the promotion of pub
lic liberty, order, virtue, and morality, that the
world lias ever manifested.
It will determinately oppose all intrigue, decep
tion, or indirection in politics, and advocate and
encourage rigid honesty, as always the best policy
will fearlessly uphold the right, even though in
opponents or enemies, andoppose the wrong, though
in political or personal friends—will be governed
by “principle*, not men ” —principles being alway
the chjec\ and men the means —and zealously advo
cate and support nil who support it* principles, and
oppose all who oppose them, no matter who—will
desire and encourage the friendly advice of all, but
submit to the dictation of none, and holdits columns
always open freely and cordially, to those who
differ from it—and, relying on a just appreciation
of its motives and inlen.ions, will fearlessly and
unhesitatingly declare its honest opinions, however
unpopular, on all proper subjects of discussion, and
fairly lay before its readers arguments urged against
them —holding no preference or regard for its own
opinions, beyond the honest conviction that they
are correct, and being always ready to submit
them to the fullest scrutiny, and abandon and op
pose them as freely as those of others, when prov
ed to be erroneous. In short, it will be, it shall be, a
Free Pnss, thoroughly and unequivocally, but yet
rationally and temperately; and (in all that an ear
nest and sincere desire and effort may be allowed
to triumph over human weakness,) as far removed
from licentiousness , on the one hand, as a timid or
selfish time-serving subserviency on the other.
L this be promising much, it is not without a de
liberate and conscientious determination to perform
it, come what may; nor is it more than heretofore
performed, as he feels assured his former readers
will readily admit; and as he has had every reason
to be satisfied vviilt the results of such a course,
heretofore, he will scarcely be likely to deviate
from it hereafter. Fully conscious of his humble
capacity, and making no pretensions to talents or
literary acquirements, lie will spare no efforts, here
atier, us heretofore, to make amends, as far as pos
sible, in ins own plain, blunt way, by untiring indus
try, application, zeal, and perseverance, and unfal
tering faith in (feu! and a good cause, for the want
i of abi dies more enlarged and powerful, and talents
of a higher and brighter order. His undivided al
: tention will he devoted to the paper, and nothing
will be warning, tfiat his utmost capacity, mental,
physical, or pecuniary, may effect to make it nil
that he may humbly h pe from it himself, or that
; may reasonably be expected from it by its friends.
Terms— The. South Carolinian will be publish
ed semi-weekly and weekly, on such days as may
be found most suitable to the Mails—with entire
new type, and on paper of large imperial size (very
nearly as large as the Charleston Mercury or Cou
rier,) and of the best quality—at Three Dollars per
annum, Weekly, in advance,or Four Dollars at the
expiration of the year—and Five Dollars per an
num, Semi-weekly, in advance, or Six Dollars at
the end of the year. The publication will com
mence as early as the new materials can be pro
cured from the North.
A. H. PEMBERTON.
Columbia, S. C., August 1, 1838.
A piece of mechanism has been invented by Dr.
Lnrdner, and constructed ftrthe Steam Navigation
; Committee of the British Association, which must
i tend in a great degree to remove the causes which
i have recently produced so many lamentable acci
j dents in steam vessels. The object of this machine
| is to keep a self-acting register of the state of every
j part of the working machinery and boilers, so that
not only the captain and engineers can at all times,
| by the mere inspection of a sheet of paper, ascer
tain the state of every part of the machinery on
which its safety and efficiency depends, but the
owners may have a faithful and accurate record
preserved of the slate ami performance of the en
gines every hour during the voyage. On the re~
turn of the vessel to port, this scroll or self-written
journal being taken out, any neglect which may
have been committed either in feeding the
tending the fires, or in a word, any omission of duty
on the part of any person employed-about the rha - *-
chinery, will be there noted with the exact time at
which such neglect or omission occurred. If a re
gister, therefore be kept of the succession of men
employed in the several departments, theculpable
party will be made known. The mechanism is en
i closed in an octagonal case, to he locked during
the voyage, and inaccessible to any one on board
the vessel, the keys remaining ashore with the
owners. A casting of plate glass surrounds the
paper scroll on which the performance of the ma
| chinery will he written, so that those in the care of
the vessel may see what is written, but cannot in
terfere \vi l l l ii. This'mechanism is now comple-
I tad, and will be shown during the present week tor
scientific m n and others, who fell an interest in
such matters, after which it will be placed in the
Peninsular Company’s stearn-ship the Tagus, for
which this particular machine lias been adapted.—
| London Courier.
[From the Moron Telegraph.}
SIBERIAN SPRING WHEAT.
1 Since our last notice of this subject, we havo
received the following additional information :
Chesnut Grove, Upson County, Aug. 3,1838.
Hr. Bartlett—As you have expressed a wish
to be informed of the success of the experiments
which have been made with Siberian Wheat,
I enclose you the following account of one made
j by myself: •
I received in the latter part of February, from
the Hon. C. E. Haynes, a package containing
one ounce and a quarter, by weight, of the above
named Wheat, which, however, was not sown
until the 13.1 t March. It was then drilled on a
square of my garden, which had the year be
fore, received a good coat of stable manure. It
grew luxuriantly and branched well, but just be
fore it ripened, it was almost entirely prostrated
by wind; and then it was considerably injured
and wasted by mischievous poultry, which ob
tained daily access to it. About the 10th of July
it was cut. The yield is 85 ounces, or 5 lbs. 5
ozs., or G 5 fold ! I was much pleased with the
! appearance of this Wheat, but am sorry to say
1 that what I had heard of its total exemption
from rust was not corroborated by my experi
ence. It showed a good deal of the rust, but if
it had been sown one month earlier, as it should
have been, the ptobahilify is, it would have es
caped that disease. The grain is large, although
it lias somewhat the shrivelled appearance which
rust usually occasions in Wheat. The hcada
were very large and awned, as a variety gene
rally known as Bearded Wheat, and some be
lieve it to he the same, but as I have never grown
the bearded kind, I cannot decide. At any rale,
1 regard the result of my trial as encouraging,
but on a largo scale I shall never be able so give
: it the advantage of so geod a soil. Would any
j other Wheat under similar circumstances, have
I made a similar turn out?
Respectfully, D. KENDALL.
Jackson, August 5, 1838.
Dr. Bartlett —Sir: Last spring, my friend,
Major Goodman, gave me a few seeds of Sibe
rian Wheat, which he had received from the
Hon Mr. Haynes, which I sowed, and send you
the result:
On the 20 h February I sowed 390 grains,
weighing three-eighths of an ounce, which pro
duced 17 1-4 lbs. of Wheat being 736 fold. The
soil was originally sandy and poor, and not suffi
ciently manured lor ordinary and gardening
purposes, with a clay foundation. It was how
ever, sowed in drills, in which I had deposited a
few cotton seed, and cultivalcd as much as I
thought necessarv. Yours &.c.
' JOHN McCORD.
CO M M E IIC I A L.
LATEST DATES FROM LI V ERPOOL, ::::::::::;:;::JULT 20
LATEST DATES FROM HAVRE,;:;::::;;;::;:::::::;JULY 15
MOBILE, August 12.—The business ofthe past
w eek, owing in part to the election, was less ani
mated than usual. There is still some communi
cation by the river with the interior—nothing,
however,.worthy of notice, is passing between
them. Our population since Monday has decreas
ed rapidly, and we may expect idle times for two
months yet. We are under the impression that
the fall business will open early and actively. The
improving state of the Northern money market:—
the favorable aspect of Exchanges, and several
other active causes give us this assurance.
The arrival of cotton has not exceeded 90 bales,
and the prices are merely nominal, at the following
quotations;—Fair Hi; Middling 10fa 10i; Ordinary
8i a 9ic. .
The following are the prices of Exchange, as
quoted by the Chronicle:
Bills on England, 60 days —a nothing doing.
“ N. Vork, 60 *• Bia9» dull.
“ “ tight 10a 11
“ Boston, 60 days, 8a
“ “ sight, —a none.
“ Now Orleans,sight, saB sales.