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tiik cfTys rirrutio> a list.
* "1;Y G! 188 «fe THGMTSON.
piiclisiikr.B or Tint i.aws in- rincrsiTi-B 8!n Jtg.'
TE R MS.—' TRI- WEE KL V I*APEII, peran
num, six dinars: for the Weekly front aiming twen
y-eigbt columns; three dollars—al! payable in ad
vance.
JQr.l DVT. R TTSF. MENTS inserted at Charles
ton prices. {FT Toxin ar muxl he pail on allcommu
nication* and letter* of haziness.
[From the Sou’hern R < order.]
In Ihe conflict of public opinion, in regard to
extending tile credit of the Si ate to sncorpo.ru*cu
companies, or to private enterprise al a!i, wc nan
only assuredly speak of I lie ascertained public
will, in regard to the prose .-u ion of the S.aie
Road, on the Stale's account. In reference to
this, w; believe there is no clashing o! senti
inenl; the people of Georgia, we believe, are as I
nearly as unanimous on tliis subject, as it is pos
sible to be on any subject. The only qu stion
therefore seems to be, the direction which the
road shall be continued, and the point al which '
it shall terminate.
It seems to us that the voice of the country
will be found to he, that the road shall be con- ;
linued as centrally through the State as practi
cable, to terminate at a point which will off r to
the trade of the Road, the amplest choice of
markets; having at the same, time al.vays in
view, the throwing as mu b of that r ide into |
our own towns as possible. Perhaps these desi
rable results will be found to be best attainable, ■
by bringing the Road directly through the State, j
from its present_perminus,*i> the Seat of G went- 1
ment. By this course, a choice of markets will ]
be offered the trade of the road, unsurpassed.— |
The road would be joined at some point of its
route by the Georgia Railroad Company, thus '
affording an easy, cheap and expeditions route to
Augusta, the Savannah river, and to Charleston.
The Central road would join h al its terminus—
thus affording an equally easy access to Macon,
on the one hand, and to Savannah, on the o'her.
What more could be desired to a 'vancc the |
wealth and convenience of our people, titan this, |
wc cannot imagine. j
To terminate the road at Macon, would be
adding an unnecessary distance of some forty
miles to our seaport, and making an entirely
unnecessary roundabout and expense, as it st ems
to us, without purpose; as by the route indica
ted, she would be able to command her proper
share of the trade of the road—and this, we pre
sume, is all she can demand. Besides, il this
roundabout way were adopted, the greater near
ness to Augusta and Charleston, by the Georgia
Railroad, which would join the State Road,
would, to a moral certainty, exclude onr own
seaport from most of the trade brought into our
State* by it; as it would, under such circum
stances, to a dead certainly go to Charleston, it
being unreasonable to suppose that trade will go
a roundabout way to seek a market, when as
good a one can be found by a shorter, and con
sequently, cheaper roule.
The distance from the seat of Government to
the present terminus c; the State Road, is some
thing over 80 miles, and we are informed hy the
?nost competent authority , that the route is so
favorable in a local point of view, that it, could
and would be built at least fifty per cent, less
than the work already under way. Indeed the
Stale Road, to its present termination, hasfnm j
the arduous nature of the ground cost so much, !
that without its extension over a more favorable
and less expensive distance, it. can never be pro
fitable to the Sta'e. The remainder of the road
will be built at fifty per cent, loss, and be alto
gether the most profitable end of the road; more
over the same loccmotives, and all the other
apparatus of can and will, with
only the expenses of fuel, serve as well for the
whole route, as for the half.
By this route, the whole interior of Georgia
will be brought within a day or two of our own
, . , ---a •• 1 -*- uus great
road at eve-y poin - ; it will double onr wealth,
and more than double onr comforts; and all other
public objects sinks into comparative unimpor
tance, when compared with this great enterprise.
We do not fear that the State will be lacking, in
this matter, to her own best interests.
We have thrown out these hasty remarks, as
about as interesting a subject of converse with
our readers as we could think of; and wc be
lieve the more they are reflected on, the more
sound and reasonable will they be found. We
confidently leave this subject with those who will
have to act on it.
[From the Federal Union.]
PROLONGA LION OF THE WESTERN AND
ATLANTIC RAIL ROAD.
Georgia is at last aroused to a sense of impor
tance of a system of Internal Improvements.—
The spirit of her people is awake, and she will
move forward in the majesty of her strength, in
this noble career. She has been aroused too late.
Her Legislature has granted monopolies over the
most important lines of transportation, and the
works therefore linger in hands too feeble for
their efforts to construct them. Wo say nothing
of the charters covering onr South-Western
section; time will show their vast importance.
But for the present, shall content, ourselves with
remarking on the progress made in the construc
tion of the Georgia and the Central Rail Road,
beginning at Savannah and extending, via Ma
con, through a connection with the Monroe Rail
Road, indefinitely westward. The last road,
we understand, is considered bj’ its stockholders,
as wholly' incomplete, till it is connected with
the great western, and they propose making the
effort of joining the Stale’s great enterprise in
DeKalb county. The same remark may be con
sidered true of the Central and Georgia Rail
Roads. They all look to the great West. E ve
ry one will acknowledge the immense benefit of
a free intercourse with the West, to the people
of this Slate.—Every one will allow that not a
day should be given up in the execution of so
highly important an enterprise. Has the State
provided for its accomplishment within a reason
able time.? We think not.
From the city of Savannah lo the Tennessee i
river, is about four hundred miles; from the same I
river to Augusta, the starting point of the Geor- '
gia Rail Road, is more than three hundred, and
yet one hundred and thirty six miles more to
Charleston, by the South Carolina Rail Road.
The Georgia Rail Road is the most forward in
her progress,having already reached a point near
Greenesborough. But we understand her expen
ses have been unexpectedly heavy, and that a
connection between that point anti DeKalb coun
ty will require legislative aid and much time.—
They have already consumed three years in buil
ding about seventy five miles of this line. It
will require longer time than a year more lo
reach Madison, and there will still remain sixty
miles or more to reach DeKalb. Without the
Stale’s aid it will h« doubtful whether this road
will ever reach the present designated terminus
of the main trunk in DeKalb. We are aware
that this company have high credit and great
wealth; but the effort before them is tremen
dous.
The Central Rail R lad operatingin a country,
formed by nature totheir bands, have construct
ed, in something over two years, only seventy or
eighty miles of road. They have yet forty or
fitly miles of country to traverse, this fine
and then they enter into the fearful contest with
the lulls. To reach Macon, they have yet to
cross mighty rivers—to eut through hills rod
«nL?‘ bank!n r n ; S ' We greatly fear that they
They too, will require the
powerful aid of the State
The Mgnroe R.il Road presents a still raorr !
discouraging aspect. Sue has labored upwards
of three years, and has not yet progressed more
than twenty-three miles; nor is her work com
ulcte at th n. She, too will need the helping
h nd of the State.
Here, then, wc have the novel spec'aclc of
the people of a great State, anxiously looking to
tlte completion of-extensive lines of internal
communication, willing to complete them them
selves, but hin lered !>y r the improvident grants
of charte-cd monopolies. She must impatient
ly await the lardy and uncertain progress of
chartered companies or go forward with her
own work to a point more convenient for uniting
the several !hr s spoken 01. This she can and
will unquestionably do, if governed by an eii
| lightctie ! policy'.
The State ought, without delay, to exlead the
Wittier a a.d Aliunde 'tail Hand to the Central
flail Rand, at, or near the seat of Government
The reasons in favor of this measure, are whol
! ly unan-wera'de, Wa have seen that from the
present terminus of the great road in D Kti’b,
it is almost a hopeless expectation to look for an
unbroken line of communication, bv rail roa is,
whh (lie A Untie. Bit this is not the strongest
reason for g-*ipg forw *r»l with the Slate’s en.
j lerp use to the seal of Government, or lower
down.
From D Kalb county to the Tennessee river,
is, by far, the most expensive part of the whole I
! route. Twenty.two thousand dollars per mile,
| is, wc believe, its estimated cost. From Dc-
Kalh, downwards, would probably cost not more
1 than fificen thousand dollars per mile. Trans.
I portation, per mih-, would be the same on both
I sections, and the off ct of the Slate’s owning the |
1 whole would probably connect an unprofitable
1 to a profitable undertaking: the whole receipts
| being credited to the whole cost. The ci izons,
I 100, whose money will go for transportation on
a'l this ron’e, will be saved from (lie danger of |
j extortion which we greatly apprehend lias not
been sufficiently guarded against in the charters
of the private companies. In the next place,
the route now contemplated, is at, least forty
miles shorter to the A lantic, than that now oc
cupied by cither of the chartered companies spo
ken of. Too Georgia Railroad, byway of Co
vington, Madison, Gecnsborough and Augusta,
to Charleston, being about three hundred miles;
and the Central Railroad from Savannah, by*
Macon, Forsyth, and Z ,-hulon, to DeK ilb, about
flic same distance; while the road Ly' way of
Miiledgeville to Savannah, is but little over two
hundred and forty miles. Our readers can, in
a moment, satisfy themselves by looking on the
map of the Sta'e. Here, again, the citizen will
receive the benefit of a saving of forty or filly
miles freight to and from the Atlantic. The
chartered companies can, in the mean time,
unite their roads at the points they find most
convenient, and when all arc completed, the
people will have the great advantage of a set, of
lines of transportation on which, competition
will prevent extortion.
[ From the New Yorker.]
THE SILK CULTURE.
We observe with pleasure that, almost from
one end of the country to the other, the atten
tion of agriculiuiists and others has been turned
to the rearing of the Mulberry and the produc
tion of Silk. Thousands on thousands have
this year embarked in the business ; and if the
spirit docs not evaporate, ami permit the aban
donment of the cniernrize before it has had a
fair trial, our country will soon supply 7 her own
wants and produce largely for exportation, in
s’ead of expending ten to twenty-five millions
per annum in the purchase of foreign Silks.
And this may be accomplished without subtract
ing essentially from the aggregate of our other
products, since the labor of children and others
who are unequal la more rugged tasks will serve
to perform nineteenths of tiie work here requir
ed ; while the enterprise will open a new and
ample field to female industry, which has been
too much fettered among us—a field more favor
able to morals and health than the atmosphere
of factories, and itmra oongoni*! to tlic indepen
dence of American character than the precari
ous toils of domestic service. And not only
will tlic now unproductive labor, or rather capa
city for labor, of our country, find boundless era
ployment, but the light and sterile soils which
have been exhausted by improvident cul ivation
or were naturally unfruitful, may thus lie made
productive to an extent beyond the wildest dream
of their proorietors.
But all this requires time, and patience, and
that skill which is only found in connection
witli experien :e. If any 7 expect ro become sud
denly rich by the Silk Culture, it is hardly a
prophecy to say they are doomed to disappoint
ment. True, some have realized fortunes or
competences by the rearing of the Mulberry,
but that proves no’hing more than the eagerness
with which our citizens are embarking in the
new business. Mulberries, it must bo apparent,
have borne an exhorbhant price this season—
such as we think no man is justified in paying
but for a beginning, Ha who las none may
afford to pay fifty cents each for shoots to com
mence with, bat he can hardly expect to realize
a profit from his first year’s production—of Silk,
we mean, since Mulberries may, but more likely
never will, command such prices again. But
he who commences on a small scale now, with
all the lights which the recorded experience of
others can give him, and is so rational as not to
calculate on making a fortune by a business un
til he has acquired a practical knowledge of it,
will be almost certain, in our judgment, eventn.
ally to reap a satisfactory reward for his outlay
and industry,
\Vc trust, then, that tins sudden and very
general direction of capital, enterprize and in
dustry to the Silk Culture, will prove no mere
bubble or transient, enthusiasm. The visionary
and the giddy 7 who have rushed into it whh the
absurd idea of making a fortune off-hand will of
course as abruptly abandon it when they have
met the disappointment which certainly awaits
them. But those who have understood their
business from the outset, and entered upon it
with intelligence and common sense, will be
sure to find their ultimate advantage in persever
ance, while they will add millions to the produc
tion and permanent wealth of their country.
[From the New Yorker .]
ORIGIN OF THE GENERAL BANKING LAW. j
•Mich vast benefits are likely to arise from the j
numerous Institutions that are now being form
cd under the General Banking law, thatlt may j
not be uninteresting to tiic public to know its ori
gin.
As early as January, 1837, three different sys.
terns of Banking were suggested to a few capi
talists of this city by Dr. John Allen, formerly
of Buffalo, but at present a resident of tins citv.
Having been a Land-holder for many years, his
attention bad been directed to devise some plan
by which the vast wealth that is invested in Re
al Estate, might be made available in the com
mon course of business.
The first plan was to establish a currency by
bills of exchange, as practiced to some extent by
the United B;ates Bank, and lately adopted by a
large Joint Stock Company in France. This
method promised more relief than any other un
der the then existing laws of our State. The
right of making deposites was supposed to he
free to all; the right of drawing drafts and bills
of exchange, and buying and selling the same,
is free for all; and there is no law’ that defines
(lie amount that may be drawn for, whether one
dollar or ten thousand dollars, nor the kind of
paper that shall be used, whether it shall be cot
ton nr silk, plain or pictured. These rights ever
have been and always will be free for all bank-
L rs, so long as the free institutions and libcities
c f our country exist. This system, put into
successful operation, would have done away with
manv of the i iconveniences of doing a banking
business at that tun
The second plan was for hanking companies
ti receive bonds and mortgages on unincumber
ed and improved real estate, hearing interest,
payable a! subsequent dates; and then to issue
notes or bonds or interest, payable at the same
time the original bonds and mortgages become
Ice, in such amounts as the public convenience
might demand.
'file object of ties arrangement having been
to form a well regulated currency, whereby the
mortgages received from the associates should
meet at maturity the obligations of the banking
company,' and depending for dividends on the
profits arising from the different rates of interests
The third system that was projected and
bran "■lit sq ward, was one combining safety and
equal rights, hv first placing securities in the I
hauls of State officers, and giving the advan'ag-S !
of banking institutions to all who could give the |
necessary security. All issues were to be in !
proportion to the capital invested, and payable 1
on demand, and to be redeemed in specie when j
required. Bonds and mortgages alone, or c >m- ’
blued with stock securities were to be received
las file basis of each of these banking systems. i
These several plans of banking institutions
1 were suggrs'ed on the belief that all currencies
1 in this and every other country, have for their
I origin, securities directly or indirectly arising
fom real is a‘e; and the further we diverge from
that description of securities, the more insecure
! will be the currency of the country.
It was conclusively shown that, under a well
i regulated system of credit or banking, there is in
I every town and county in the State, capital snf
j ficiientto make all necessary improvements.
These plans, like all oilier improvements of
I the age, when first introduced, were looked up
on as chimerical until a commercial hurricane
passed over our once prosperous and happy
country, and drove on the rocks and shoals our
strongest moneyed craft.
Under the effects of a general suspension of
specie payments, the last plan was taken up by
several individuals in this city, and with some
modifications, brought before the Legislature,
and has since become the standard of future bank
ing operations and a law of the land. Our Lc
gislature, in their over anxiety to protect the |
I people,threw around the new law unnecessary in
cumbrances; but it no doubt will be revised and
amended, and become the general law’ of the
count ry.
The originators of all public improvements
arc always subjected to abuse and ridicule; and
it is due to them when their projects have been
proved to be successful, and have answered the
purposes desired, that justice should be done
them, at least in having the credit of what be
longs to them. JUSTICE.
AUGUSTA, GA.
THURSDAY" MORNING NOV. 1, IfOH.
Among the subjects which will no doubt be i
taken under consideration by the Legislature,
none stands higher in importance than Internal Im
provements, and the encouragement and support
which the State can and should afford to such
works,for the benefit of the people. Much has
already been written upon this subject, which, be
sides, will be fully and thoroughly investigated by
the Legislature before final action. Among the
projects suggested, is one which contemplates the
i extension of the Western and Atlantic Rail Rond,
from the point nnw designated on the Chattahoo
chee, to Milledgeville. We refer the render to ar
ticles from the Southern Recorder and Federal
Union, published in this day’s paper, upon the sug
! gestion in question.
As the Western and Atlantic Rail Road is a State
work, undertaken and to bo completed at the ex- i
pense of the State, the benefit of the State, and not
the benefit of some particular sections of the Stale,
. should be consulted and ascertained before the ex
tension suggested is undertaken We assume,
then, the position, that the State Rail Road should
benefit as many counties as possible, and be of ad
vantage to the largest number of citizens,ns possi
ble also, by the direction given to the road. The
question therefore arises : Ry extending the line of
the road to Milledgeville, will a greater number of
counties and citizens be benefited ? Our present
impression is, that it may not. Our reasons for our
present impression are as follows, which impres
sion may be modified by subsequent examination.
The great object of a system of Internal Im
provements, is to intersect the most important and
productive sections of the State with Rail Roads.
By extending the line of the State Rail Road down
to Milledgeville, instead of terminating it on the
Chattahoochee, in DeKalb County, it is to be ap
prehended that no other Rail Road will shortly be
constructed north of Milledgeville. Several Rail
Roads now in progress, and several others to go
into operation, are authorized to connect them
selves with the State Rail Road at its termination
on the Chattahoochee If the termination of this
State Rail Road is changed, and 3lil!edgevil!e de
signated as the terminus, the Rail Roads in pro.
gross and in contemplation may, by necessity, to
diminish expenses, avail themselves of this change
of termination, and connect their respective roads j
with the State road at Milledgeville. The conse- I
quence of such a plan is very apparent. There
will be but one Rail Rond north of Milledgeville—
the State Rail Road—while, if the termination re
mains where it is now designated, there will bo se
veral : the branch of the Georgia Rail Road ; that
of the Central Rail Road, and the branches of other
Rail Road companies existing under charters from j
the Legislature. If the termination of the State '
Rail Road be changed to Milledgeville, the line I
from the Chattahoochee will run only through the i
counties of DeKalb, Newton, Jasper, Putnam, and
Baldwin; while, if the termination is to remain
where it is now designated, branches will have to
be constructed to meet at White Hall, the lines of
which will pass through a large number of counties
lying eas’ and west of each line of the branch
roads. By looking at the map the reader can easily
ascertain the correctness of our statement.
We will admit that there is one circumstance
which might lead the Legislature to change the ter
mination of the State Rail Road. It is this: whe
ther the Rail Road companies now incorporated
have the means to construct branches which wilj
connect themselves with the State Rail Road at
its termination on the Chattahoochee ? If they j
have not the means to form such a connection with ;
the Slate Rail Road at White Hall, but may have
the means to form the connection at Milledgeville, |
the Legislature may be induced to change the ter
mination accordingly, on the fact of inability, to
construct branches to White Hall by the incorpo
rated Rail Road companies, being well ascertained.
Even in such a case, the Legislature would have
to act with great caution, especially before a change
is effected in the termination of the State Rail
Road to illedgeville; because, by actual exami
nation and survey o r the topographical situation of
the State, some more eligible point north, cast or
west of .Milledgeville may be found for a termina
tion of the Stale Rail Road, which may place
within the power of the incorporated Rail Road
companies the means to construct branches to that
point of termination, the lines of which branches
will pass through a greater number of counties,
and thereby give facilities of transportation to a
greater number of citizens. By examining the map
of the State, it will be seen that if the termination
of the State Rail Road be at Milledgeville. and the
Central Rail Road forms a connection there who
that road, the counties of Henry, Fayette, Newton,
Butts, Ihke, Monroe, Crawford, Jones and others,
will lose the benefit of a line of Rail Roads, which
they expect if the termination of the State Rail
Road remains at While Hall, to which point the
Central Rail Real will have to extend its fine. The
same statements can be made, and similar conclu
sions drawn, as regards the Georgia Rail Road, and
other incorporated Kail Road companies.
We have made these few remarks, with the
hope that the subject will be thoroughly examined,
and maturely considered, before a final action upon
it by the Legislature
OCT The following passage in a recent editorial
atticlcof the Macon Messenger, we have perused
with regret, because we believe it is calculated to 1
i produced a very erroneous impression.
[ “We are well aware that either the money or
; credit of ihe State is absolutely necessary for the
I successful prosecution of the several rail roads now
| in progress. Even the Georgia Rail Rond Compa
ny, which has so often vaunted itself of its inde- I
; penderice, and whi<h at one time rather arrogantly
! repelled the idea of any thing like stale patronage,
! and which, pridiugifsell’, upon the individual wealth 1
i of its stockholders, w ere disposed to put down all
I competition hy reiving for tlie completion of its |
road upon its own resources, will, vve predict, be a
- suppliant to the next Legislature fur State bounty
either directly or indirectly. Dire t'y by applying
for a modicum of state credit or money in common
with other railroad companies, and which boon
should be granted to them, or indirectly by coales
cing with other companies, and obtaining the ex
tension of the State road at the state expense so as
to abridge the extent of their own road.”
The writer no doubt gives a candid exhibition of
what he supposes to be the actual state of the case;
but vve can assure him, that judging by our own
sources of intelligence, he cannot have been cor-
I roetly informed. We have understood that the
persons interested in the Georgia Rail Road, have
always desired, as they now desire, that the state
should atiord its aid to rail roads and oilier internal
improvements, under the restriction of a due regard
to the public finances, and due reference to the
equitable claims of all parties. If they have ever !
repelled the idea of state patronage, either “arro- ;
gantly” or otherwise, it is more than vve know;
though it is probable enough, that systems nomi- J
nally for the “patronage” of internal improvement ;
bat in effect a proscription of the Georgia Rail '
Road Company, were resisted by that body. It is 1
surely no extraordinary manifestation of arrogance I
to decline being trampled on. They may have ob- I
joctcd, and we trust they always will object, to !
visionary schemes for an extension of Public Cre- i
dit, which might involve us in State Bankruptcy,
and to sordid projects of local cupidity disguised j
under the name of patriotism, which would sacri- i
fice the community at large, to the emoluments of j
the projectors. Equal justice, combined with finan- |
cial prudence, should constitute the great principle i
of the legislature. Plans of improvement on this j
firm and honorable basis, vve venture to assert will
receive the approbation of all interests—rail road
and others —in this section of the country.
If the State Road can receive a moderate exten
sion consistent with the just claims of all the par
ties interested, or if their can be a prudent and equi- j
table distribution of the credit of the state, among j
those who apply for it, vve shall be gratified. But I
we set ourselves in decided opposition to any ;
scheme, by which the state may become universal
endorser, for every plausible enterprise of sanguine I
adventurers, and to any project which, under the
pretext of state pride, or an/'other mask, would rob |
one part of the community, to bestow the spoil on I
another. If vve are to be exposed to material risk j
of either evil, by a legislative movement, vve would
prefer that things remain as they are. The state
had better do nothing, than commit either folly or
injustice.
The Cotton crop in this District, (says the Edge
field Advertiser.) is much injured by the heavv
rains which have fallen for some clays past.
HEALTH OF CHARLESTON.
The Charleston Board of Health report the
deaths of twenty-six persons in that ci’y during the
weekending 231 h inst. —of these 16 were whites and
If) blacks and colored. Seven of the whites by
Stranger’s Fever.
RULES OF THE BLOCKADE.
From the correspondence between the com
mander of the U. S. ship Erie and Admiral Ba
zoche, published in the New Orleans papers, it ap
pears, that all vessels that show themselves on the
Mexican coast are considered as meditating a
breach of the blockade, and as such will he detain
ed until the decision ot the Government be known. I
NEW JERSEY.
The two Houses of the New Jersey Legislature
organized on the 17th inst. Dr. Lewis Condict,
(Whig) was re-elected Speaker by 32 votes of the
House and John Cassidy, (Adra.) receiving 19.
Andrew Parsons (Whig) was re-elected Vice Presi
dent of Council, receiving 9 votes, and Richard R.
Morris (Adra.) receiving 6.
ELECTION FRAUDS.
We call the serious attention of the reader to the
following remarks from the Richmond Enquirer, in i
which vve fully concur. The subject is an import- i
ant one, and should be taken up by our State le
gislature at its approaching session.
“It is mortifyin g and disgusting to sec the '
statements, which have been published by both ;
parlies, of the recent elections. Charges are
made of the most outrageous frauds being prac- |
Used to carry the elections in Pennsylvania and
New Jersey. Whole ballot boxes are said to ;
have been lost.—votes palmed upon the officers,
of aliens and persons having not the shadow of |
a right to vote —of the grossest corruption being j
used to sap the sacred right of suff age. What,
a spectacle would all this exhibit, if it could be
substantiated! What a reflection upon tfie ex
cesses of party spirit! r?uch a practice is an at
tack upon tite fundamental principle of our free
institutions. The corruption of the elective fran
chise satis the very foundation of Republican go
vernment. How much better would it be to lose
an election, titan to carry it, by such means!
The triumph of no man, and of no party, can
; compensate for such an attack upon the right of
suffrage, and upon the character of the Republic.
“It behooves every friend of Freedom to lift
up his voice and his hand against such abuses—
ll is the duty of the Legislature of every State, |
where such charges have been made, to investi- 1
gale them in the strictest manner, and apply the
strongest correctives which their Constitution
will permit. It is the duty of Congress also, not
only to purge the poll, but to scrutinize every
case with the utmost attention; to clear their
own body ot every person who has been wrong
fully returned, and to interpose such guards, as
their constitutional authority confers, to arrest
the repetition of such outrageous abuses.
“But we very much doubt, whether any tho
rough remedy can be found, short of abolishing
the whole ballot system. Tite viva toce plan,
with the names of the voters duly registered op
posite to their vote, brings eaclt voter face to face
with the officer and the public—enables the of
ficer, not only at the time of offering bis vote, to
judge better of his qualifications, but enables the
caruiidales to judge afterwards better and lest
the validity of every vote. It thus cuts off va
rious sources of fraud, which arise from the bal
lot box. Hut it lias this most salutary effect up
on the voter himself. It causes him to give in
his vote with more spirit—and thus increases,
by the exercise of it, the independence of the ci
tlz.ns of a free eounlry. 11 operates upon the
citizen himself, as the exercise of our faculties
Joes upon the mind itself. Memoria excelendo
augetvr, says our Latin Grammar. ••The me*
ut iVy is increased by exorcising it”—Ana so it is
with other faculties of the mind, and so it is wi'h
the independence of the citizens of a Republic.
Oar northern brethren had better adopt at once
the wise provision of our present Constitution :
“‘ln ail elections in this Commonwealth, to
any office or place of trust, honor or profit, the
votes shall be given npenlu, or c.'ra voce, AND
NOT BY BALLOT.”’
THE CHER OK EEs'
In the Recorder of last Tuesday we found the
j following extract of a letter from Gen. Scott to
| Governor Gilmer.
Head Quarters, Eastern Division, ?
C terokee Agency, Oct. 15, 1838.
“ The Cherokees, as it is known, were divided
into two political parties—friends and opponents i
! of the treaty of Net ■ E diota. Os the former, 1
I there were remaining east, in Mav last, about j
: 500 sou's—of the latter, including 376 Creeks,*
° ’ j
* The whole number found here the last summer
—most of whom had long been domesticated with
1 the Cherokees, and with whom many of their
; warriors fought by onr side at the battle of the
I Horse Shoe,
a little more than 15,000. About 2,500 of (he
anti-treaty party were emigrated in June last,
when (on the 19ih.) the movement was suspend
ed by my order, until the first of September, on j
account, of the heat and the sickness of the st a- i
son. The suspension was approved by the War \
D partment, in anticipation, by an order to that I
effect, received a few days later. The Indians
had already, with hut very few exceptions, been !
collected by the troops, and I was further in- |
structed to enter into the arrangement with the I
Delegation, (Mr. John Ross and his colleagues,) i
which placed the removal of the 12,530, imme- 1
dialely tnto their own hands.
“ Tiro drought, which commenced in July
and continued till the end of September, caused
the loss of a month in the execution of the new
arrangement. Four detachments are, however,
now in march for the West; three or four others
will follow this week, and as many more the
next —all by land, 900 miles—for the rivers a*e
yet very low. The other party, making a small
detachment, is also on the road, after being
treated by the United States, in common with
their opponents, with the utmost kindness and
liberality. Recent reports from these five de-
I tachmcnls, re present, as I am happy to sav, the
J whole as advancing with alacrity in the most
j penect order. The remainder of the tribe are
| alreaoy organized into detachments, and each
i is eager for precedence in the march—except
j the sick and decrepit, with a few of their friends
i as attendants, who will constitute the last de
| tachrnent, and which must wait for the renew*
j al of steam navigation.
“By the new arrangement not an additional 1
j dollar is to he paid by the United Stages to, or on
I account of, the Cherokees. The whole expense
; of the removal, as before, is to be deducted from ,
| the monies previously set apart by the treaty and
I the late act of Congress in aid thereof.
“ Among the party of 12 500, there has pre.
j vailed an almost universal cheerfulness since 1
| the date of the new arrangement. The only
exceptions were among the North Carolinians—
a few of whom, tampered with by designing
white men, and under the auspices alluded to
above, were induced to run back, in the hope of
buying lands and remaining in their native
mountains. A part of these deluded Indians
have already been brought in by the troops,
! aided by Indian runners sent by Mr. Ross and
his colleagues, and the others are daily expected
| down by the same means,
“ In your State, I am confident there are not
left a dozen Indian families, and the iiead of
each is a citizon of the United States,
“ For the aid and courtesies I have received
from Georgia, throughout this most critical and
painful service, I am truly thankful, and I have
the honor to remain, with high consideration,
your Excellency’s most obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT. 1
DCrTlio following remarks are taken from the
Lowell, Massachusetts, Patriot.
THE STATE OF THE CASE.
It was well remarked by the abie writer of our
Democratic State Address, that “the returning j
prosperity of the country brings with it the as- 1
surance of a corresponding triuniph ofdemocra- ;
tic principles.” Panics, Distress and ruin have
been broadly blazoned all over every banner un
der which the whig “war, pestilence and fam
ine” parly have ever marched to victory. Seek
ing for nothing but power and place and the
j emolument of office, without one particle of re
gard for the honor or interest of the country;
then sole hope of success lies in producing, per.
petrating and profiting by those disasurs and
revulsions to which all free communities are
more or less frequently subjected, in times of
quiet and prosperity, when reason exerts her pro
per influence and men reflect calmly, tfre fede
ral party, whatever name they may assume or
by whatever title known, have been discarf led ,
and their principles rejected by a vast majority ‘
of the people of this country; but as in times of i
pestilence and disease, sensible men will often j
; run after every quack who promises a cure, so
in times of calamity and distress, the people have
sometimes been seduced by the promises and
made dupes by the intrigues of that party, who *
have, by all tiie means in their power, sought, t
as their only hope of retaining their places, to -
perpetuate the evils which they so loudiv pro
mised to remedy. But the patient vvd! some- •
times recover in spile of the nostrums of the
quack, and prosperity in this country will always
soon return in spite of all federal efforts to pre
vent it, and the patient and people, seeing how
they have been duped generally, and by kicking j
both the quack and the federalists out of doors i i
and returning to their oi.i doctors and to their •
old democratic friends.
Such is precisely the stale of things now going
on in this country. The mad speculations which ;
long continued prosperity', and a vicious system j
of banking, with an unsound currency, had in- j
duced, terminated as the democracy had predict
ed, in wide-spread ruiu and disaster, which the
whigs at once took advantage of, to reinstate
themselves in power for a season.
For more than a year they had the field all ]
to themselves. Like true quacks they at once j
: began by representing tbe disease as much worse j
| than it really was, and that none hut themselves ]
knew how to cure it, and then set themselves to
work to prevent a recovery and to keep the conn- 1
I try in as desperate a state as possible, that they *
might be retained in place, and pocket the fees. -
There was no means left untried to slave off the
resumption of specie payments, and to keep the •
country in as disastrous a situation as possible. 1
The democracy knowing that lime only was !
wanting for the country to regain its former
prosperity, kept steadily on their course and let .
the whigs make the most of their success, know- I
ing that such a triumph must necessarily be short
lived, ami that returning prosperity would put I
an end to all federal shouts of victory. The re- *
suit lias fully verified the truth of their predic
lion. In spite of the whole united efforts of the
vvnigs aided by Mr. Biddle and the great inajori- r
ty of the banking interest, to keep the country : \
>n the deplorable state in which the suspension
left it, eighteen months of time, and the product t
of two crops in the market have, as the demo- ‘
cracy predicted, relieved our embarrassments,-
paid oft’ our foreign debt, and placed the country
m a condition of more permanent, solid prospe- ( -
ri y, than it has enjoyed for many years. The
firm stand taken by the government, sustained j 1
as ii has been by the unanimous support of the
democracy, has compelled the hanks lo pav their
debts and pul an end to llie shin.plaster era.
Even the Massachusetts banks have been at. last
forced to be honest for a season. The repeal of
the 21 per cent, law and all the infamous whig
iogislalio .l of llie last winter to protect them in
a dishonest course could not avail; they have
been obliged to resume, though all the time pro.
testing against the possibility of resumption.—
The people understand the imposition which the
whigs have practised upon them; they see clearly
the olyect and motive of the whig efforts to con.
linue the country in the depressed state in which
it was left by the treachery of the banka, and
accordingly wherever they can reach these im
posters, they arc driving them back to the insig
nificant position in which the suspension found
them. There is a bright prospect before the __
democracy. They proved true to llie interests
of ihe country ■ aring llie late disasters and are
now reaping their reward. The enemy dishear
tened and dispirited, are falling by thousands or
retreating from the contest. One vigorous effort
and we can drive them entirely off the field.
L t us unite heart and hand lor the work, and
strike one bold stroke for victory, and federalism,
whigism, and all tiie other ‘-isms” which our
opponents can invent, will be swept away into
“the receptacle ot things lost on earth,” and their
names only be retained as a by-word and a
mockery in the memoirs of men.
WHAT WE MUST DO.
Tiie lines are now distinctly drawn. The
grand question on which the great political par
ties are at issue, has been thoroughly discussed.
All its bearings are well understood by the peo.
pie. Tiie time for debate has gone by. The
period for action has come. We must bo up and
doing. Organization, union, effort, are all that
we want to ensure us the victory. Our first and
great object is the establishment of an Indepen
dent 'i reasury. To this tiie whole force of our
party must be bent. In the present Congress
we have but a single Representative of the true
interests of tlie people from this ancient Com
monwealth. It must not be so in the next. With
proper exertion we can elect five members of
Congress in November. Our champions are al
ready in the field; good men and true, known
and honored by the people; tried men who have
never been found wanting. First and foremost
among them is the true representative of the
heart oi Old Middlesex, who, among the whole
Massachusetts delegation, has alone been found
faithful among tiie faithless. A tried soldier in
the fight; a leader proved in the wars; whom
neither threats nor promises could intimidate or
seduce. A man whom slander dare not attack,
whom foul-mouthed calumny cannot reach; wor
thily has iic done his du‘y; nobly let him be sus
tained.
CHARLESTON, Oct. 31. —Charleston herself a->
Sain!- —We believe it to be perfectly safe for the
inhabitants of Charleston to return to their homes,
without a.\y fear of being assailed by the stran
ger’s fever. Our reasons for tins belief are that
we are assured that ICE was observed yester
day morning, by the residents of Cannonsbo
rough anil Hampstead, and that we are assured
that a heavy white frost, of sufficient volume
to enable a person to scrape up a considerable
quantify, was seen within the city. We stats this
fact for ihe simple reason, ihat information has
reached ns, that numbers still wait the announce
ment that the epidemic has disappeared, and as we
have taken rather a prominent stand, in making
remarks upon the health of the city, which at one
period, was considered premature, but afterwards,
most unfortunately proved otherwise, our paper is
looked to by some as bound to redeem our promise
of being prompt in the announcement of the return
of health to the city. VV e therefore repeat, that, :n
our opinion, there is no longer the least danger id
any, either citizen or stranger, in coming to Charles
ton, in which opinion many of our physicians fully
concur.— Courier.
NEW YORK, OCT. 27—Dry Goods Trade.—
The past week has been one of considerable acti
vity and briskness. The European arrivals have
been very numerous and the supplies of Dry Goods
somewhat large, probably as much so as any time
before this season: yet the quantity of Fall and Win
ter descriptions that have come, are of the right
kind and much wanted, many of which were dis
posed ot previous to arrival by samples received
by the steam ships recently arrived, and the re
mainder will command a ready sale at full prices,
which, as a matter ot course, has caused Importers
to be more busy than for some weeks before. A
mong the Jobbers almost tiie same degree of anima-'
tion lias prevailed as for 1 he pasi two or three weeks;
stocks generally have been lighter, the sales may
not hat e been as heavy, but very advantageous for
them, as they have reduced their stocks very ma
terially.
Casimir Perrier, on being called an ‘aristo
crat,’ and one of the privileged classes, replied
—“ My only aristocracy is the superiority which
industry, frugality, perseverance and intelligence
will always assure to every man in a free state
of society. I belong only to those privileged
classes to which you may ail belong in your
turn. They are not. privileges created for us r
but c r eated by us. Our wealth is our own ; we
have made it. Our ease is our own ;we have
gained it by the sweat of our brows, or by the
labor of our minds. Our position in society is
not conferred upon us, but purchased by our--
selves —wiifi our own intellect, application, zealr
patience and industry. If you remain inferior
to us, it is because you have not the intellect or
the industry, the zeal or the sobriety, the pa
tience or the application, necessary to your ad
vancement. 1 his is not our fault, but your
own. You wish to become rich, as some men
do lo become wise ; but there is no royal road
to wealth any more than there is to knowledge^
You sigh for the ease and repose of wealth, but
you are not willing to do that which is necessa
ry to procure them. The husbandman who will
not till his ground shall reap nothing but thistle*
and briers. )fou think the commodities In hu
man society are useless ana misdirected if you
do not become wealthy and powerful by the
changes ; but what right have you to expect —
you idlers and drones in the hive—you shall al
ways be fed on the honey and sweets of life?
What right have you, who do nothing for your
scivcs, your families, your communes, vour
arrondisseme nts, departments, your country or
your kind, to imagine that you will be selected
by them for their favor, their confidence, their
rewards ?
“I am not an aristocrat in that sense of the
term in which it may be applied in absolute go
vernments or under imperial rule; but if, by an
aristocrat, you mean a man who lias earned his
promotion by his labor, his honors by his toils,
and liis wealth by his industry—oh, then, I am
an aristocrat; and please God, I may always re
main so. The distinctions in human society
displease you, because you have not the talent
nr llie industry to amend your own position.
You arc too idle to labor, and to proud to beg;
but. I will endeavor to take care that you shall
not mb me. I throw back, then, with indigna.
lion and resentment, the charge which is made.
I belong to the middling classes of society. I
have been selected by my fellow citizens, and
by my king, as one of their representatives; and,
by the blessing of God, I will represent them.”
— Blackwood.
South Carolina Rail Road.
&T Consignees per Rail Road, October 30.—A
Z Banfa, Hand & Scranton, J S Hutchinson, Rath
bone 4- Raker, Scranton & Smith, G T Dortic, J >
W Batchilon, Kerrs & Hope, I Purse, D Hand, A
Sabal, W S D, L Dwelle, S B Roll, B W Force &
Co. 31 Wagner, VV &. J Nelson, B Brantly, A E
Whitten, VV Barry, A B .Mallory, H Pickett, E
Camming, Snowden & Shear, J W & T S Stoy, J
Seize, CAR Ives, Gould, Bulkley & Co. Baird <fe
Rowland, VV E & J U Jackson, T Dawson, Stovall,