Newspaper Page Text
Population of the State of A ew York. —
The whole population of the Slate is 2,620,-
921. Os the city, 371.323; Brooklyn, 69,536;
Albany, 41,139;’ Buffalo, 29,773; Rochester,
25,265; Trov. 21.709; Utica. 12,244; Sche
aiactady, 6,555; Hudson, 5,657,
How is it at the south?
7 'he Faithful Slave. —ln the frequent de
structive conflagrations at Fayetteville, the
conduct of the colored people has been very
much commended. Speaking of the late fire,
s Fayetteville paper remarks: “And we
must not omit the due commendation of our
slave population, who on such occasions al
ways labor with a spirit and energy which
only affection can inspire.”
djTThe Bible Society of Lafat’ctfe county
Mo., presented a new Testament to each
volunteer of that county. They were de
livered by the Rev. Mr. Vantis.
ITT"At Newport, Ky., a few days ago, a 1
■desperate fight occurred, weapons —fi.-ds, be
tween two gentlemen— subject a woman. —
Nobody killed.
IZTAt IWf Principe, last year, 24 persons
xi ere murdered, 54 slabbed, *2OB robbed, and
1-6 capes.
Pittsburg. — Within the last sixteen years,
<612 steamboats have been built in Pittsburg,
besides 31 the present year.
St. Louis. —Eighteen years ago, savs the
Reveille, the sue ot this city was a lew tra
ding shaniees; it contained 5000 souls; now
it lias 45,000 people, 45 churches and about
100 steamboats.
Brevity. —Portugal, a ebaoe; Spain, vol
eamc; Germany, progressive; Poland, sub
dued: Switzerland, detracted; Italy, quiet,
though malcontent.
If this he not multum in parto , then we
know not v\ hat is.
1 rof css if mo I /F.sponsibi/ifi/. —ln I\ mgston, :
Jamaica, a verdict lias been recently rendered
sigainsl one Hylluii, a lawyer, lor neglect
of duty in a case m which he hud been etu- •
ployed. Damage.' £9OO.
Aew York Sal. I . —The value of the salt 1
manufactured in that Slate in a single year, j
exceeds a miihon of dollars, and if gives eiu- |
ployment to ajput two thousand persons.
Too long for this world. —A yeoman named '
1 lyde, living near London, six leet lour inches !
in height, lately died—and was followed to i
the grave by nine sons, the shortest of whom !
"as six feet two and a half inches, several I
being six feel five inches. The average I
height of the whole was six feet four inches. I
Total lengfli, sixty-three feet four inches. |
* 1 ' ■
r CT* At a Meeting of the City Coun- j
cil of Augusta, so ld ou the (ith August iust., the I
following Resolution was passed:
Resolved, That the Siqteriulendant of Water- ■
Works may put down Tinned Leaden Pipes, oro
v ided that Cuum-il may a* any lime order the same :
to In; removed, should they prove injurious to the
public health, and at tin* expense of the person !
having said pipes so put down.
[Extract from the minutes.j
W~. MILO OLI.V, Clerk Council. |
GEORGIA RAIL-ROAD.
Consignees per Rail Road, August d.—O’Aulig- 1
n.ic «V Evans, A. I . M.mlcwvs, Adams, Hopkins
AiCo.jStmlli Carolina Kail Road, A. C. Carmi- j
rhael, C. Matthew, Adams, Fargo As Co., Dough- !
iy, Beall, Roberts A- Co., I. T. Heard A Co., Ha- j
ker & Hart, Gould A Bulklcy, D. Ramsey, and ‘
Moore A, Davis.
SOUTII-CAKOLIN \ KAIL-ROAD.
Consignees by Rail Road, August 6.—C- J. Oli
ver, C. B. Roberts, W. Haines, Thomas Richards,
I. Dri-kell, I I’- Stovall, J. diamond T., B. «fe R., |
C. K. Grenville, IRuilline itMrll., J. H. Dodds & !
Co., Hayle A r J., L. Sullivan, Reese A: \V., Dick
son A - . 8., I. Carter, H Keener, Mallory «fe Co.,
Gould A’. Bulkley, G. Q 1)., 11. Parsons, S. A*
Stark, D. B. Hadley, W. E. .laekson, Hand VV.,
S A' Simons, Georgia Rail Road \pent. W alker &
I’ , J F Griffin, 11. L. Jeffers Smith A* 8., G.
Parrott, Kenrick A 1’ , .McDonald, and Dunbar
A B.
[from the Host on Mercantile Journal, Jon. 1845.]
WISTAR S BALSAM OF WILD CHERRY, j
There aie so many “certain cures” for coughs,
colds, and even consumptions, that we are. some- (
times disposed to question the efficacy of any of
them. Mr. S. W . Fon le, a druggist of the highest ;
reputation, at 138 Washington -st., has the agency
of an article c tiled Balsam of Wild < 'berry, which
?eems to have won for itself a good r- potation
wherever it has been introduced. We have seen
letters from various parts of New England, from
persons of the highest standing in the places where
they reside, hearing testimony to the benefit them
selves or friends had received from a trial of its j
properties.
Extract from a letter dated
I’ktkksblmig, Va.. Jan. 15, 1845.
A gentleman of unquestionable veracity informs
»i«, that his brother had been confined to his bed \
lor weeks with some species of rough, that baffled
the skill of several eminent physicians, and by the
use of two bottles of WIST AH'S BALSAM OF ,
WILD CHERRY, be has been restored to perfect |
health, and be is now ”a fat and hearty man.”
Yours, respect fully,
ROSSER A ANDERSON, Druggists.
For sale by II AVI LAND. KISLEY A CO., and
THOMAS BARRETT A CO., Augusta,
august 3 3 IS
WISTAR S BALSAM OF WILD CHERRY.
The genuine article is constantly kept on hand
by the subscriber, who is also the agent for
” Swayne’s Compound Syrup of Wild Cherry.”
feb 20 J. E. MARSHALL.
Academy of Richmond County, j
AUGUST 3. 1846.
At a meeting of the Board, held on the tvventy
eeventh of June last, the following Resolutions
were adopted:
Resolved, That the Rector and Teachers in
each Department of the Academy, have the privi- j
lege of using their respective rooms, between the 1
termination of the present term and the commence
ment of the next, that is from the 15th of August
to Ist of October, for the purpose of teaching such
private classes as they may form, for that time:
their rates of tuition to conform to those now es
tablished.
That the Trustees will not be responsible for the
management of said classes, and that this resolu- !
tion be published.
AugS 3 HENRY ROBERT, Clerk.
STONE MOUNTAlN—Passenger*
nr* i.A the Stone Mountain, by the Georgia
Rail Road, on the 6th and 7th of August,
will be furmsbed with return tickets (.not good after
August 21st) free of charge.
Transportation Office, G. R. R. A B. C. ?
aug 5 August 4, 4846. )
lt.heard&Tgo!
WARE-HOUSE AND COMMISSION BUSINESS,
At the old stand «n Jackson -street, leading from
the Kaii SLo&d to the River,
jan W 24
j COMMERCIAL.
! L*T«T BATKS FROM LI VE K PCO-L,:JCLV 18
latest dates from ha vre, uzt:r. r:july 16
NEW ORLEANS, Augrar ] .-Cotton
, very limited number <>f buyers renders the market
dull and drooping. The stock actually on sale at
the moment is now estimated not to exceed 25UU to
i 3000 bales, consisting almost wholly of Loustanas
I and Mississippi?;. W’e quote the fallowing particu
lars of sales—ls bales al 81. 16at Gi. 68 at 6|, 48
at 6 5-16, 86 at 7*, 70 at 7#, 30 at 7 i, 20 at 7, 12 at
74,28 at 8, yat9, 2 (premium Tennessee) at 124,
3l„at 6 5-16, 15 at 74, 450 at 7, 63 at 7, and 170 at
' 7 7-16 cents per lb.
SKW-ORI.KA.VS CI.A S S I PICATION.
(A-ftimilatiag t« that of Liverpool.)
Louisiana Mississippi.
Inferior, 54 '364 Tennesseedf A T . Alabama
Ordinary, 6L36J
j Middling, 7 average i.ists:
j Good Middling, 74'374 Good,
1 Middling fair, 74(38 Common, (,3 *
a * r * _ BL'3Bi Extreme prices, —& — :
; Good Fair, man.
\ Good and fine iiom.
C O rro N ST AT E M EXT.
Stock on hand on the Ist Sept., 1815, 7,556
Arrived cinring pa-t week, 756
Arrived previously, * 1047407—1048163
105571‘J
Exported durin? the past week, 11095
Exported previously. 1012706—1023801
Stock 011 hand and on shipboard. Bales 31918 J
Sugar, Louisiana. —The Sugar market main- j
tsiins great firmness, and prices have again im- 1
proved fully a quarter of a cent since our report of :
Saturday I a <-• t. our present quotations being for in
ferior to ordinary -li a 11, coinin'm sasi,fairsia6,
pemr 64 a 64, strictly choice, in small lots, 64 a 74
cents per lb.
Molasses —A better demand has been expert- j
enced for Molasses during the past week than for
some lime previous, and about 800 barrels have
been disposed of. As regards prices they may be >
quoted at about the previous range—say 15 a 21 ;
cents for ordinary to prime quality', though sales of
j go- d shipping lots have been mostly at lo a 19 cents 1
per gallon.
Ragging and Rope. —The past week has been
raai ked by no transaction? in these articles worthy
! of special note.
W hiskey. — Rectified have improved a rent to a j
rent and a half per gallon. The ruling rates for a
day or two past have be.-n 17 a 171 cents, but yes
■ terday it was difficult to effect purchases under 18 ,
j cents fs*r gallon.
Freights —Vessels come in slowly, and the rates !
j are not materially changed.
MOBILE, Aug. I.— Cotton. —The receipts since ;
' the 25th nit. inclusive, amount to 505 bales, (cor- ,
1 rescinding week last years 50,) and the exports to
| 9,095 bales —leaving a stock on hand and on sliip
| board nor cleared last evening of 18,44] bales,
i against 449 same time last season.
Tbe month closes with the unprecedented stock
I of 18,441 bales yet to go forward. Tit-sales of
I July amount to 15,400 bales, taken principally for
| European markets, against receipts ot 1,797 bales, i
! Prices in llie meantime have gradually stiffened
until they have attained an advance of 4 a ic. per
lb. on our quotations of the 4th.
The market during the past week has been ma.i li
ed hy the same degree of activity in demand and ,
steadinees in pri<«.v\ hicli we noted in our rev iew '
of the 25th ult. The trans ictions have been large i
for the season, considerably exceeding those of last
week—say 2200 bales, as follows: on Saturday j
300, Monday 500. Tuesday 300. Wednesday 300, 1
Thursday 600. and no ycsteijay 200. The buying
was mostly for English and Continental markets.
The st u-k now on sale is supposed not to exceed
1500 hales, while the amount unsold is estimated at
7000 a 8000 bates.
LIVERPOOL CLASSIFICATION.
Good and tine none. j
Good fair none.
Fair 8 "<7 84
Middling fair 74^374
Middling a 7
Ordinary 64 ?>64 I
Inferi- r none.
IS i t j 1* N K W js.
__ . !
SAVANN VII, Aug. s.—Arr. ship Hartford .Tm
NYork; se.brs. Franklin Green, Havana; North
Carolina, Philadelphia.
CH ARLESTON, Aug s.—Went to sea, ship
Coronet, Liverpool; bark Galindo, Bu timore; brigs
j Chatham. Philadelphia; N. G. Bourne, Boston.
Al G-6. —Arr. ship Alliance, N York; bark Pal
nietlo, Boston; brigs Emily. NYork; Orray Taft,
Providence; 'Magnolia, Baltimore; sebrs. Sage, N |
V ork; Patrick Henry, Plyniouth.
W cut to sea,ship Jane, Liverpool.
In ilte offing, a ship, supposed to be the Anson,
from New \ ork.
aTO HENT—A commodious Dwelling i
House on Campbeii-stree.t, in tiic rear of
Also, the Dwelling House over the store of P.
McGrau, corner of Broad and Washington-sireeis.
Also, four offices on \\ aaiutigton street, over the i
1 store occupied by slr. P. AicGran. Possession
j given on the Ist October. Apply to
August 5 if HENRY MOORE.
« x TO RENT, from the first of October
jlfigjn next, the dwelling occupied by C. B. Hilt,
, comer of Ellis and Marbury-streets—good
garden and necessary out-houses attached.
The dwelling on Jackson-stri et, rear of Baptist
Church, formerly occupied by E. E. Scofield.
Tlie. two stores and dwelling occupied by Aim.
Florence and Mrs. Burton, south side of Broad-st.,
| next below F. Spears.
The two stores, grocery and dry goods, occupied
| by F. ISpears.
Together with a small dwelling, in rear of above, ■
on Green-street, and several other commodious •
! stores. P Lb. \S VN 1’ s*’i’OV A LL, or
G. BIM.MOXB.
fitly 31 6 17
| — ; : (
jl a TO KENT, from the first ol October j
frsFi® next, the two story Dwelling on the north
; lasjayl 0 f Ellis-streel, and next door to the
i residence of the late Alexander .Marlin, deceased. ;
i Also, the two tenements on south side of same |
street, and occupied by Mr. Carey.
Also, for sale, a small Farm iu Columbia county,
ten miles from the c.ty. and near Aberlin Church.
For particulars apply to B. F. CHEW,
july 27 ts 15
MTO RENT—From Ist October next, j
the Bto re at present occupied by Win.
Housley, next above Scranton & Mark’s.
Apply to * JAAIEB BROWN.
July 23 ts 30
MTO RENT, from the first of October
next, the two Stores near the lower mar
ket, under the subscriber’s dwelling,
i lie More and Dwelling next below the store of
! H. D. Bell, and the Dwelling on Reynold-street,
j occupied by Wm. Glover—the present tenants hav
-1 ing declined renting them.
JOHN 11. MANN,
i July 20 td 12
aTO RENT. —The middle Tenement 1
of the Bridge Bank Building. Also, the 1
dwelling on Reynold-street. in the rear of
I uieafiove. Apply to GEORGE M. THEW.
j July 15 10
MTO RENT, from the Ist of October
next, the desirable residence of the late
.Mrs. F. Moore, on Greene-street. Also,
ilte adjoining house on the corner, now occupied
by Luther Roll. For terras, apply to
ROBERT CLARKE, Ex’r.
i June 26 if
MA commodious residence on the Sand
Hills. Enquire of
JAMES GARDNER, Jr.
j Jan 1 82
SOUTH CAROLINA RAUL ROAD.
ON and after Ist August a Special Train will
leave for Aiken every afternoon, immediately
i after the arrival ol the Charleston Cars, al6 o’-
clock.
A Car wall leave Aiken for Hamburg as hereto
fore, every morning al 84 o’clock.
| August 3 js
BV LINT BVEMM’S MAIL.
THE CABINET,
The Washington Uaioii of the 3d instant,
; says:
The Washington letter-writers and the
' whig presses are fur the thousandth time at
I fault about the cabinet. There, is to he no
! change, and with the free consent of ail its
members, as it was in March, 1545, so it
i will be in August, 1846.
VETO MESSAGE.
- I
i To the House of Representatives:
1 have considered the lull en;i(!ed “An act
j making appropriations for tiie improvement
. of certain harbors and rivers” with the care
which its importance demands, and now re
j turn l lie "tea me to the House of Representa
tives in which it originatad, with my ob
jections to its becoming a law. The hill
proposes to appropriate one million three
; hundred and seventy-eight, thousand four
; hundred and fitly dollars to l»e applied to more
than lorry distinct and separate objects of j
improvement. Un examining its provisions,
i and the variety of objects of improvement
which it embraces, many of them of a local j
character, it is difficulty to conceive, if it shall |
be sanctioned and become a law, what prac
tical constitutional restraint can herealler
I lie imposed upon the most extended system
j of internal improvements by tiie federal gov- I
[ eminent in all parts of the Union. 'J'he con- j
I .-titution has not, in my judgment, conferred 1
upon the federal government tiie power to ;
! construct works of internal improvement
I within the States, or to appropriate money !
1 from the treasury for that purpose. Thai I
1 this bill assurnes for the federal government
! pie right to exercise this power, cannot, J l
think, be doubled. The approved course of
the government, and the deJiberately-express- j
ed judgment ol the people, have denied the
existence of such a power under the con
stitution. {Several of my predecessors have
denied its existence in the most solemn forms.
The general proposition that the federal ;
; government does not possess this power is so
well settled, and has for a considerable peri
od been so generally acquiesced in, that it is
not deemed necessary to reiterate the argu
ments hy which it is sustained. Nor do I
deem it necessary, after the full and elaborate
discussions which have taken place before
the country on this subject, to d > more than
state the grin nil considerations which have
satisfied tie of the unconstitulkmality and in
expediency of tiie exercise tit such a power, j
It is not questioned that the federal Gov
ernment is one' of limited powers. Jlspow
ois are such, and such only as are express
ly granted in the constitution, or are proper
ly incident to the expressly granted powers,
and necessary to their execution. In deter
mining whether a given power has been
granted a sound rule of construction lias |
been laid dovyi by Mr. Madison. That rule
is, that “whenever a quest.on arises concern
ing a particular power, the first question is !
whether the power be expressed in the con- ;
stilution. It it be, the question is decided
If it be not expressed, the next inquiry must :
be, whether it is properly an incident to an i
expressed power, and necessary to its execu
tion. if it be, it may he exercised by Con- j
gross. If it be not, Congress cannot exer
cise it.” It is not pretended that there is any j
express grant in the const;)ution conferring I
on Congress the power in question. Is it
then an incidental power, necessary and pro
per for the execution of any of the granted
powers ? All the granted powers, it is con
fidently affirmed, may be effectually executed
without the aid of such an incident. “ A
power to he incidental must not be exercised
lor ends which make it a principal, or sub
siantiie power, independent of the principal
power to which it is an incident.” It is not ;
enough that it may he regarded by Congress -
as or that its exercise would ad- |
vance the public weal. It must b emcessary
anil proper to the execution of the principal |
expressed power to which it is an incident, |
and without which such principal power can
not be carried into effect. The whole frame :
ut the federal constitution proves that ihe
government which it creates was intended to I
be one of limited and specified powers. A !
construction of the constitution so broad as ;
that bv which the power in question is de- |
tended, t nds imperceptibly to a consolidation
of power in a government intended by its ;
framers to he thus limited in its authority. ,
“ The obvious fendt ncy and inevitable result |
of a consolidation of the States into one sov
ereignty, would be to transform the republi- j
can system of the United Slates into a rno- j
narchy.”
To guard against the assumption of all
powers which encroach upon the reserved
sovereignty of the States, and which conse
quently tend to consolidation, is the duty of ;
a 1 the true friends of our political system. —
That the pow er in question is not properly an
incident to any of the granted powers, I am
fully satisfied: but if there were doubts on
tins subject, experience has demonstrated 1
the wisdom of the rule that all the function- I
aries of the federal government should ab
stain from the exercise of all questionable
or doubtful powers. If an enlargement of
the powers of the federal government should
be deemed proper, it is safer and wiser to
appeal to the States and the people in the
mode prescribed by the constitution for the
grant desired, than to assume its exercise
without an amendment of the constitution.—
If Congress does uot possess the general
power to construct works of internal im- r
provement within the States, or to appro
priate money from the treasury for that pur
pose, what is there to exempt some at least,
i of the objects of appropriation included in tiiis
1 bill from the operation of the general rule?—
This bill assumes the existence of the power j
and in some of its provisions asserts the .
principle, that Congress may exercise it as
fully as though the appropriations which it t
proposes were applicable to the construction
of roads and canals. If there be a distinction
in principle, it is not perceived, and should
be clearly defined.
Some of the objects of appropriation con
tained in this bill are local in their character,
and lie within the limits of a single State;
and though, in the language of the bill, they
are called harbors, they are not connected
with foreign commerce, nor are they places
of refuge or shelter for our navy, or commer
cial marine on the ocean or lake shores. To
call the mouth of a creek, or a shallow inlet
on cur coast, a harbor cannot confer the au
thority to expend the public money in its im
provement. Congress have exercised the
power coeval with the constitution of estab
lishing light-houses, beacons, buoys, and
piers on our ocean and Jake shores for the
purpose of rendering navigation safe and easv
and of affording protection and shelter for
our navy, and other shipping. These are
safeguards placed in existing channels of
navigation. After the Jong acquiescence of
the government through all .preceding admin
istrations, 1 am not disposed to question or
disturb the authority to make appropriations
(or such purposes.
When we advance a step ‘beyond ties point,
and in addition to the establishment and sup
port, by appropriations from f lie treasury, of i
ilght-lfouses, beacons, buoys, piers, and other
improvements within the bays, inlets, and |
harbors on our ocean and lake coasts imme- i
diateiy connected with our foreign commerce, *
and attempt to make improvements in the in
j terior at points unconnected with foreign
I commerce, and where they are not needed
i l° r •he protection and security of our navy
j and commercial marine, the difficulty arises !
in drawing a line beyond which appropria
tions may not he made hy the federai govern*
; ment.
One of my predecessors, who saw T the evil
consequences ot lho system proposed to be
revived by this bill, attempted to define this
: line by declaring that, “expenditures of this j
| character 1 should be “confined below the j
ports of entry or delivery established by law.”
Acting on tin's restriction, he withheld his
sanction from a bill which -had passed Con
gress “to improve the navigation of the Wa
bash river. ’ lie was at the same time “sen
sible that this restriction was not as satisfac
tory as could he desired, and that much em
barrassment may be caused to the executive
department in its execution, by appropria
tions for remote and not well understood ob
jects. ’ This restriction, it was soon found,
was subject to be evaded, and rendered com
paratively useless in checking the system of !
improvements which it was designed to ar- ;
rest, in consequence of lhe facility with j
w hich ports ot entry and delivery may be es
tablished by hfw upon the upper waters, and
in some instances, almost at tiie head springs i
of some of tiie most unimportant of cue riv
ers, and at points on our coast, possessing no
commercial importance, and not used as
places of refuge and safety by our navy, and
other shipping. Many of the ports of entry !
and delivery now authorized by law, so far ;
as foreign commerce is concerned, exist only '
in the- statute books. No entry of foreign ;
goods is ever made, and no duties are ever
collected at them. No exports of American j
products bound for foreign countries, ever ,
dear from them. To assume that their exis
tence in tiie statute-book as ports of entry or
delivery warrant expenditures on the waters
leading to them, which would he otherwise
unauthorized, would be to assert the proposi- ;
tion, that tiie law-making power may engraft |
new provisions on the constitution. It the j
restriction to a sound one, it can only apply i
to the bays, inlets, and rivers connected with |
or leading to such ports as actually have j
foreign commerce; ports at which foreign
importations arrive m hulk, paying tiie
duties charged by law, and from which j
exports are made to foreign countries. It
vvitl be found by applying the restriction
thus understood to the bill under considera
tion, that it contains appropriations (dr more
than twenty objects ot internal improvement, :
called in the bill harbors, at places which
have never been declared by law either ports
of entry or delivery, and at which, as appears
from tiie records of the treasurv 7 , there has
never been an arrival of foreign merchandise, ;
and from which there has never been a vessel 1
cleared for a foreign country. It w ill be found i
that many of these works are new, and at <
places for the improvement of which appro
priations are now for the first time proposed.
It. will be found, also, that the bill contains ap
propriations for rivers upon which there nut
only exists no foreign commerce, but upon
which- there has not been established even a
paper port of entry, and for the months of
creeks, denominated harbors, which, if im
proved, can benefit only the particular neigh
borhood in which they are situated. It will j
be found, too, to contain appropriations, the I
expenditure of which will only have the es- j
feet of improving one place at the expense
of the local, natural advantages of another in j
its vicinity. Should this bill become a law, !
the same principle which authorizes the ap- !
proprialions which it, proposes to make, would
also authorize similar appropriations for the
improvement of ail the oilier bays, inlets, and ,
creeks, which may with equal propriety be
called harbors, and of all the rivers, important :
or unimportant, in every part of the Union. |
To sanction the bill with such provisions, '
would be to concede tiie principle that the i
federal government possesses the power to j
expend tiie publrc money in a general system {
of internal improvements, limited in its extent I
only by ihe ever varying discretion of sue- ;
cessive Congresses and successive Execu- ,
lives. It would be to efface and remove the
limitations and restrictions of power, which
the constitution has wisely provided to limit ,
the authority and action of the federal gov- !
eminent to a few' well-defined and specified
objects. Besides these objections, the prac
tical evils which must flow from the exercise, I
on the part of the federal government, of the
powers asserted in this bill, impress my mind ■
with a grave sense of my duty to avert them !
from the country, as far as my constitutional
action may enable me to do so.
It not only leads to a consolidation of power in 1
the federal government at tiie expense of the right- I
ful authority of the States, but its inevitable ten- i
dency is, to embrace objects for the expenditure of ‘
the public money, whi< h are local in their charac- ;
ter,benefiting but few at the expense of the com- :
mon treasury of the whole. It will engender sec- i
tional feelings anil prejudices calculated to disturb i
the harmony of the Union. It will destroy the [
harmony which should prevail in our legislative i
counsels.
It will produce combinations of local and section- j
interests, strong enough, when united, to carry !
propositions for appropriations of public money
vv Inch could not of themselves, and standing alone ;
succeed, and cannot fail to lead to wasteful and ex
travagant expenditures.
It must produce a disreputable scramble for the
public money, by the conflict which is inseparable
from such a system, between local and individual i
interests and the general interest of the whole. It j
is unjust to those States which have with their i
own means constructed their own internal improve- j
ments, to make from the common treasury appro- j
priations for similar improvements in other Slates. I
In its operation it wall be oppressive and unjust
towards those States whose representatives and ,
people either deny or doubt the existence of the
power, or think its exercise inexpedient, and who,
while they equally contribute to the treasury, can
not consistently with their opinions engage in the
genera! competition for a share of the public money.
Thus a large portion of the Union in numbers and
in geographical extent, contributing its equal pro
portion of taxes to the support of the government,
would, under the operation of such a system, be
compelled to see the national treasure—the com
mon stock of ail—unequally disbursed, and often
iraprovidently wasted for the advantage of small
sections, instead of being applied to the great na
tional purposes in which all have a common in
l terest, and for which alone the power to collect
the revenue was given. Should the system of in
ternal improvements proposed prevail, all these
evils will multiply and increase with the increase
of the number of these Stales, and the extension of
the geographical limits of the settled portions of
our country. Willi tiie increase of our numbers
and the extemion of our settlements, the local ob
jects demanding appropriations of the public mo
ney for their improvement will be proportionately
I ~ - -'!)■ I ■lMUliwi
increased. In each case the expenditure of the
public money would confer benefits, direct or in
direct, only on a section, while these sections
would become daily less in comparison with the
whole.
The wisdom of the framers of the constitution in
I withholding power over such objects from the fed
! eral government, and leaving them to the local
governments of the States, becomes more and mure
j manifest with every year's experience of me oper- !
I ations of our system.
In a country of limited extent, with but few i
| such objects of expenditure, (if the form ofgovern- j
| ment permitted it.) a common treasury might be
j used for their improvement with much less ine
quality and injustice than in one of the vast extent j
which ours now jiresentsin population and ttrrito
j ry. The treasure of the world would hardly be
i equal to the improvement ofevery bay, inlet,creek, ;
1 and river in our country which might be supposed j
I to promote the agricultural, manufacturing, or I
| commercial interests of a neighhohood.
The federal constitution was wisely adapted in its
provisions to any expansion of our limits and pop- I
ulation; and with the-advance of tlie*confederacy
ot the States in the career of national greatness,
it becomes the more apparent that the harmony of
I the Union,and the equal justice to which all its
parts are entitled, require that the federal govern
ment should confine us action within the limits
prescribed hy the constitution n its power and au
-1 thurity. Some of the provisions of tins hill are not
i subject to the objections stated, and did they stand
alone I should not feel it to be my duty lo withhold
my approval.
Jf no constitutional obj unions existed to the bill,
there are others of a serious nature which deserve
some consideration. It appropriates between one
and two millions of dollars for objects which are of
no pressing necessity; ami this is proposed at a
lime when the country is engaged itt a foreign war.
and when Congress, at its present session, has an- ;
thorized a loan or the issue of treasury notes to de
t fray the expenses of the war, to be resorted to if
; the 'exigencies of the government shall require it.’ j
Jl would seem to he the dictate of wisdom under
| such circumstances, to,husband our means, and
not to waste them on comparatively unimportant
j objects, so that we may reduce the ioan or issue of |
j treasury notes w hich may become necessary to the
smallest practicable sum. It w ould seem to be wise
I too, to abstain from such expenditures with a view i
i to avoid the accumulation of a large public debt,
i the existence of which would be opposed to the in
i terests of onr people, as well as to the genius of our j
j free institutions.
Should this bill become a law, the principle
which it establishes will inevitably lead to large 1
i and annually increasing appropriations and drains I
i upon the treasury, for it is not to be doubted that
i numerous other local iies not embraced in its pro- |
| visions, but quite as much entitled to the favor of j
the government as those which are embraced, will I
demand, through their representatives in Congress, j
to be placed on an equal footing with them. With
such an increase of expenditure must necessarily i
follow either an increased public debt, or increased
burdens upon the people by taxation, to supply the
treasury with the means of meeting tlie accumula
ted demands upon it.
With profound respect for the opinions of Con
gress, and ever anxious, as far as 1 can consistently
with my responsibility toourcommon constituents,
to co-operate with them in the discha gs ofour re
spective duties, it is with unfeigned regret that I
find myself constrained, for the reasons which 1
assigned, to withhold my approval from this bill.
JAMES K. BOLli.
Washington, August 3d, 184fi.
[From (he Washington Union, Aug. 3.]
CONGRESSIONAL.
The Senate,to-day, took up the bill provi- i
din<r for the graduation and reduction of the |
price of the public lands, and after adopting
sundry amendments, passed it. We give the
hill as passed in the record of proceedings.
The civil and diplomatic appropriation hill
was then taken up, and the amendments of
tiie Committee on Finance were adopted with
a few not very important alterations.
The Senate then went into executive ses
sion.
The House was engaged for upwards »>f
two hours on sundry propositions, of which
an account will be found in the proper place.
The President this day returned to the
House, with his objections, the bill “making
appropriaf ions for the improvement of certain
harbors and rivers.” VVe give the message <
in another column, together with the debate
which followed, and which has not yet termi
nated. The bill itself—and all matters con
i nected with the principle which it involves—
! were discussed, the reader will recollect, for
| several weeks in tiie spring, when the subject
was then under consideration. An effort
was made by Mr. Boyd to bring the House,
by means of the previous question, to a direct
vote on the question of “reconsideration,”
prescribed by the constitution of the United
Slates. The effort failed; and the debate, in
the meanwhile, precludes the transaction of
all other business. Prominent amongst this
is the independent treasury bill.
| {From the N. Y. Jour, of Coin., A ugusl 3—2 P. 3/.]
Arrival of the Hibernia.
Twelve Days Later fromi Europe.
The Hibernia arrived at the wharf at East
j Boston, at a quarter before 6 o’clock this
i morning. The fact of her arrival was imrne
: diateiy telegraphed. VVe subjoin ail that j
had been transmitted to the telegraph office |
in this city, up to the date of this edition:
Boston, Monday morning, ) \
August 3, 1846, 7 o’clock. £
To (he Editors of the Journal of Commerce:
The Hibernia brings to the United States
the Oregon treaty ratified by the British Go
. vernment, under the seal of the new foreign
I minister, Lord Palmerston,
t This important document was signed by his i
Lordship and Mr. McLean on the 17th,at the |
| Foreign office, and afterwards conveyed for ,
! despatch by tiie Hibernia by His Excellency ;
i Mr. McLean, the American Minister lo Great
j Britain.
; In the House of Lords, on the 17th of July, I
the Marquis of Laiidsdowne rose and said i
i that it was bis duty to lay before their Lord- ;
I ships and that House, the Treaty vvliich had |
: just been concluded between Her Majesty !
j and the Government of the United States, in i
reference to the Oregon Territory. He had
the satisfaction of informing their Lordships
that ratifications had that day been ex
: changed.
A similar motion was made in the House
; of Commons by Lord Palmerston, who ap
p ared at the bar and staled that he had a
i paper to present by command of her Majesty, I
The new Ministry has got fairly to work,
and tiie business of the country is again in a ;
: state of progression.
All the members have been returned wish
; out opposition, except Mr. McAuiay and
Lord Debrington.
In every quarter a disposition exists to give
the new appointments a fair trial; in conse
quence of the excitement now passed, the
country needs repose, and with the excep
tion of the Sugar duties, there is no promi
nent question likely to embarrass the minis
try or test their capability.
The affairs of this session of Parliament
will be wound up probably by the middle of
August.
The great movement to reimburse Mr.
the Joss of health and money
is progressing apace. There seems every
chance that the hundred thousand pounds j
fixed upon as the maximum of the amount lo ;
be given to him, will be raised.
Efforts will be made to raise a sp’endid
monument to Sir Robert Peel, by means of
Penny subscriptions throughout the British
**" - - -
1 Empire, as an expression of the nation’^
j gratitude.
n **? r li(nvf> nr. —The proceedings in the
ouj'Cs ol Parliament, possess considerable
| interest.
Lord rJronnrham led the assault in the mat
ter o! the .fudges’ salaries. Earl Grey show
ed that i! blame attached to any one it was
to the noble Lord himself.
.Mr 1 Unicorn be wished to hear from the
noble Lord himself a distinct avowal of hik
views on the leading topics of the day.
Lord John Russell declined tins catagori
cal analysis, but while doing so, said suffi
cient to point,the moral, of his future career
as Minister, to the principle of Free Trade*
to which lie avowed his unswerving attach
ment.
Justice to Ireland, he would literally car
ry out. hut with respect to the established
church of that country, fire Premier thought
it imprudent to meddle in this early stage of
the business.
Lite same evening Lord John Russell de
clared that he world make his views re
specting the sugar duties, known on Mon
day.
'(Commercial. — The manufacturing dis
tricts are busy, and confidence prevails. The
season continues all that we could desire. .
The Cotton Market is firm, with good
steady business, and prices fmVs an upward
tendency.
The latest arrivals from fhellnited States
show that the last crop will not exceed two
million one hundred thousand bales', and that
the prospects of the crop for the present year,
owing to the lat eh ess ot the spring, are not
particularly promising.
LIVERPOOL, July Fo.— Colton.—' The snW* of
the week are 13,120 bales; priee.s are steady. .
•ILLY 17.—The sales of the week are 36,780
hales. No change except in JSea Island, which is
id lower.
.11 1A IS—A fair demand lias existed to-day,
and 500 bales have been sold Ao change can bo
quoted in prices
HA\ RE, July 16.— Cotton. —There has l»een li
much less degree of spirit manifested in business
than we noticed in our preceding circular. Bu\
notwithstanding the decrease in the buying and the
increase to our stock by the imposts within tins
last week, holders maintain a firm attitude. Not
the slightest desire to realize has been exhibited.
The following were the. sales effected : 3143 bale*
New Orleans at 63f to 85f; 1299 do. Mobile 64f to
79if; 1860 do. Upland 66f to 79f.
w mn. I 1 l -Ml j
RICHMOND SHERIFF'S SALE.
On the first. Tuesday in October next, will he sold,
at t he lower market house'in the chy of Augustaf
within the legal hours of sale, the following ne
gro slaves, to wit:
Hen, about 20 years of age; Nancy, about 16
yea rs of age, and her infant child Pet—levied oti
as the property of John P. Timberhtke, to satisfy
a ft. fa on the foreclosure of a mortgage, issued
from the Inferior Court of R’chmond enmity in fa
tor of Andrew J. .Miller vs. John I*. Timherlake.
WILLIAM V. KER,
august 7 Deputy Sheriff R. C.
I%T o t i u i; To iwuia i s 6 n t h e
J-M SAND HILLS.—The Hoard of Trustees of
the Richmond County Academy hate arranged,
with Air. Jeremiah Nute to lake charge of the
Academy at Summerville, until the first Monday
in October.
The School will he re-opened on Monday the
17th instant. HENRY ROBERT, Clerk.
August 7 3t 20
T'ftJ’OTICE —I forewarn all persons front trading
J. w for a promissory Note given by myself to
Robert A. Allen or bearer, for Fifteen Dollars, a*
lam determined not to pay ilie note, unless com
pelled by law, as the consideration for which it
was given has failed. The note was given some
time in the month of July last—the date not recol
lected—payable the 25th day of December next.
his
JOSEPH X BOYD.
Witness—E. Goff mark,
august 7 f 2 20
musical mmci.
LA TASTE returns his thanks to the ritt
w • zens of Augusta, for the liberal patronage
extended to him during the present year; anti in’
proof that his labors have given satisfaction, he cau
furnish the names of seventeen pupils, which, with
other testimonials in his possession, he feels as
sured will bear ample testimony to his ability and
fidelity as a Teacher of Music. .
Mr. L. would also remark that he Is opposed to
all superficial teaching, his object being not to in
struct his pupils in a certain number of tunes, but
to qualify them upon such a basis, that they may
rear their own superstructure.
His terms will be for the Plant, fifteen dollar*
per quarter—ten lessons per month.
For the Guitar, twelve dollars. any 5 19
AUGUSTA CANAL.
f BUTE Managers of the Augusta Canal deeming
-3 it expedient to make contracts immediately
fur the use of a portion of their water power, and
that some advantages should be granted to the. cat
Iter applicants, hereby give not ire, that they will, on
the first of September next, act upon such applica
tions as may be made on or before that clay.
By order of the Board,
WILLIAM PHILLIPS, Secretary B. M
aug 5 2awtd 19
M. M. DYE, E. I». ROBERTSON.
DYE & ROBERTSON,
WAREHOUSE & f (MISSION MERCHANTS,
East side of Mclntosh-st., Augusta (Ja.
fjnilE undersigned have entered into partner-
JL ship, to take effect after the first of Septem
ber next, for the transaction of the above business,-
in all its various branches, at the present stand of
M. 31. Dye. Their personal attention will be given
to all cotton or other produce entrusted to their
care.
Ail orders addressed to the new firm, after the
first of August next, will be punctually attended to.
Liberal cash advances made on cotton or other
produce in store. Their charges will be in con
formity to the regular established rales of the City.
DYE & ROBERTSON,
jnly 10 ts 8
NOW IN OPE RATION, '
ONE OFS.W. BULLOCK’S PATENT PRO
GRESSIVE POWER COTTON PRESS
ES may be seen in constant operation at the Ware
House of Doughty, Beall & Roberts, on Jackson-st.
Planters are invited to call and examine iltesame.
N. K. BUTLER & CO., Agents.
July 10 2io 8
TAKE NOTICEr
Subscriber is prepared to attend to any
call at the shortest notice for JVI A SON
W ORK, at the draw Yard, or elsewhere.
Having hands in his employment long accustomed
to the Business, persons entrusting their work to
him, may rest assured of having it done in the most
substantial and workmanlike manner.
Brick in any quantity for sale.
SET Residence, the last house at the upper end of
Green-street. S. L. BASSIORD.
June 24 w3m 2
LANDRETH’S FRESH TURNIP SEED
CROP —1810.
A SUPPLY of Landreth’s fresh Turnip Seed
just received, assorted varieties, viz:
Large W lute Globe Turnip
White Flat Dutch do
Purple Top iiuta Baga do
Red Top Turnip
Large Norfolk and Hanover do
All for sale low, and warranted genuine.
W.M. HAINES.
July 15 1m 10
“BACON! BACON!!
n POUNDS of superior City
I JL tired BACON, cured from
the best Kentucky corn-fattened Pork. Jorsaleat
John Robertson’s, near the upper end of Broad
Street, in lots to suit purchasers.
Also, 10,000 pound; best Leal LARD.
GREEN, FISH BACK & CO.
Aprtl 17 ti 128