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THE CONSTITUTIONALIST.
'JAMES GARDNE R, J R. ‘
TtK :ti s.
Daily, per annum, $8 00
Tn-vVeekly, per annum,.' 6 00
if paid in advance, 5 00
W eekiy, per annum, 3 OU j
If paid in advance, 2 50
All new subscriptions must be paid in advance.
dCr*P<ifltagtt must be paid on allCommunicain us
and Let*ers(jf business.
lieport of (he finances.
Treasury Department, Dec. 9, 1846.
In obedience to the “act supplementary to the ;
act to establish the Treasury Department,” the I
undersigned respectfully submits the following re- |
report:
The receipts and expenditures for the fiscal year
ending the 30th June, 1846, were- as follows :
RECEIPTS AND MEANS.
From customs, $36,712,667 87
From sales of public land*, 2,694.452 48
From miscellaneous sources, 92,126 71
Total receipts, $29,499,247 06
Add balance in the Treasury Ist
July, 1845, 7.655,306 22
Total means, $37,157,3j3 28
The exjienditures during the same
fiscal year amounted to the sum
of 28,031,114 20 ;
Leaving a balance in the Treasu r y
on the Ist July 1846, (as appears
in detail by accompanying state
ment A.) of 9,126,43? 08 ;
The estimated receipts and expenditures for the I
fiscal year ending 30lh June, 1847, are as follows : |
receipts, viz :
From customs, Ist quarter, by ac
tual returns of the collectors $6,153,826 38
For the 2d, 3d and 4lh quarters, as
estimated, 21,681,904 62
Total from customs, $27,835,731 00
From sales of public lands, 3,400,<>00 00
From miscellaneous sources, 100.000 00
Total receipts exclusive of Treas
ury notes and loans, 31,335,731 00
From Treasury notes
under t he act of 22d
July, 1846, 5*5,000,000 00
From loan under the
came act, 5,000,000 00
Add balance in the Treasury Ist
July, 1846, 9,126,439 08
Total means as estimated, $50,462,170 08
EXPENDITURES, VIZ :
The actual expendi
tures for the Ist quar
ter, ending 3Uth Sep
tember, 1 i 46, (as ap
pears in detail by
the accompanying
statement B) amount
to 14,088,661 27
The estimated expen
ditures for the public
service during the
other three quarters,
from Ist Oct., 1846,
to 3)ih June, 1817,
are as follows, viz:
Civil list, foreign in
tercourse and mis
cellaneous purposes, 5,310,022 61
Army proper, includ
ing volunteers, 19,579,437 83
Fortifications, ord
nance, arming mili
tia, &c., 2,371,763 33
Indian Department, 1,643.772 18
Pensions, 1,498,612 62
Interest on the. pub
lic debt and Treasu
ry notes, 1,036,986 82
Redemption of the
residue of the loan
of 1841, 3,000 00
Treasury notes which
are yet outstanding
and payable when
presented, 430,183 97
Naval establishment, 9,278,771 41
. 55.241,212 09
Excess of expendi
tures over means Ist
July, 1847, 4,779,042 01
The estimated receipts, means and expenditii'es
for the fiscal year commencing the Ist July 1847,
and ending 30th June, 1848, are as follows, viz :
From customs for the four quarters $28,000,000 00
From sales of public lands, 3,900,000 00
From miscellaneous sources, 100,000 00 i
Total revenue, $32,000,000 00
Deduct deficit on the Ist July,
1847, 4.779,042 0!
Total means for the, service of the
fiscal year ending June 3Uth
1818, $27,220,957 99 I
• ‘ 1
EXPENDITURES,
The expenditures during the same period, as es- ;
liraated by theseveral departments of State, Trea
sury, War, Navy, and Postmaster Cieneral, viz:
The balance of former appropria
tions which will be required to
be expended iu this year, 724,284 31
Permanent and indefinite appro
priations, 3,340,144 72
Specific appropriations asked for
ids year, 41,717,355 48
Total estimated expenditure, $45,781,784 51
'Phis sum is composed of the following particu
lars :
Civil list, foreign intercourse, and
miscellaneous, $6,04 4,399 80
Army proper, 6,370,213 25
Volunteers, 17,932,331 00
Fortifications, ordnance, arming
militia, &c.i 1,672,165 00
Pensions, 2,1(/2,69U 00
Indian Department, 1,246,912 00
Naval establishment, 9,004,727 74
Interest on public debt, ].108,344 72
$45,781,784 51
Deduct total means for the service
of the, fiscal year ending June
30, 1848, 27,220,957 99 I
Excess of expenditures over means
Ist July, 1846, $18,560,826 52 :
This excess is based on the assumption
that the whole amount of five millions is
outstanding of Treasury notes authorized by
(ha act of 22d July, 1846 under a renewed
authority now requested to be conferred by
Congress to issue the same; hulas the whole
amount cannot be outstanding at the same
lime, on account of the number of notes can- i
relied before a new note is issued, the ex- ;
cess of expenditures over means, on the Ist j
of July, 1848,should be estimated at nineteen |
millions of dollars, which will cover all ex
penditures, including that of the* war, if con*
tinued up to that date.
It is important at all times as shown by
uniform experience, but especially in a period
of war, to keep a balance of at least four
millions of dollars in the Treasury, in order to
supply the mint and branch mints with bullion
for coinage and loreign coin for recoinage,
as also to be enabled at all limes to pay the
public creditors at every point, both in and
out of the country, with punctuality and dis
patch. Although, then, the actual deficit on
the 30th ot June, 1848 might not exceed
nineteen millions of dollars, the necessity of
having a surplus of four millions in the
Treasury at ail times requires that a loan of
twenty-three millions should be authorized,
unless additional revenue is raised by some |
new provision of law. As one of the means
of augmenting the revenue, it is proposed
that Congress shall authorize a duty ot twenty i
five per cent, on lea and coffee, which it is
estimated would reduce the loan required to ! I
nineteen millions of dollars. j i
Annexed, marked C, is a table of the imports
of tea consumed in the United States, and j
also of coffee, from 1821 to 1846. It will be
perceived that the imports of tea, being 16,
891.020 pounds, consumed in the United
States for the last fiscal year, amounted to the
value of .$3,983,337, and of coffee, being
124,336,054 pounds, being of the value of $7- :
802,894, making an aggregate of $11,786 - \
231. a duty of twenty-five per cent, on which I
would yield an annual revenue of $2,946,
557,75. After making a full allowance for !
decreased consumption on account of the
duties, tiie additional annual revenue from
this source might safely be estimated at $2,-
500,000.
This duty, however, would be rendered
nugatory, in part, for several years, unless it
were imposed during a very early period of
the session, and to go into effect at a time
not later, il possible, than the 1-t of January ,
next. Between that date and some time ear
ly in the spring, large importations of lea,
and to some extent of coffee, are brought into |
the country, and ought to be subjected to the j
duty, in order that revenue should be raised
from such imports, if this is not done, and ;
i the duly is to go into operation at a much j
later period, the tax will operate as an en- j
! ha need price to the consumer, without pro
ducing a correspondent revenue. The stock
; now on hand,and that which would be import
| ed forthwith, namely, of coffee IVom Cuba and
! St. Domingo, and some other ports, and ot j
! tea in part from the bonded warehouses of >
| Europe, coming in free ot duty in anticipa
j turn of the law, would contribute nothing to I
tiie revenue of the country, whilst the price !
! of the slock on hand here, as well as that 1
thus brought in free of duty, would he aug
mented nearly in Hie same proportion as il i
the duty had actually gone at once into es- ;
feet. A delay, then, in imposing this duty 1
on tea and coffee, whilst it would lax the con- 1
sinner for several years nearly as mucu as it j
the duty was imposed at once, would, during |
that whole period, bring very little revenue ;
into the Treasury. Such a delay, then,
would only enable a few individuals to amass
large fortunes at the expense of tiie people. 1
Such has been the almost uniform effect of j
the postponement of the operation of laws j
| imposing new or additional duties, of winch '
j the examples are numerous under the lar>ff |
; of 1842,as also preceding laws, reduc- I
tion of the loan from twenty-three to nine- j
teen millions, together with the imposition ;
of this duty on lea and coffee, towards meet
ing the payment, will, it is conceived, make
a difference in the terms on which the loan
can be effected, winch, iu the period of twen- ;
1 ly years, would save a large amount of the I
I lax to the people of the United Slates;
whereas, if no such duty is imposed, and, as
a consequence, a loan for a sum so large as
'< twenty-three mill ions, without this additional
revenue, must be tpade during a period of |
I war, uncertain in its duration, and attended j
' with heavy expenditures, judging of tiie tu- j
lure by tiie past, the Government may be
subjected to a serious loss in negotiating the
loan, or involved in etnbarassinenls alike |
injurious to the credit and nonor of the ;
! country.
In negotiating for so large a sum as nine- j
, teen or tvveuty-Uiree millions iu time of war, |
! with heavy expenditures, uncertain in their 1
duration, all experience at home and abroad 1
proves that a loan tor a long term will save I
a large amount to tne Treasury, compared
j with one of shorter date; and it is believed ;
j that in this case the loan should be for ape- !
riod of twenty years, leserving the power
conferred by existing laws, to purchase (lie
1 slock at the market price at any prior date,
when our means may permit, so that the
debt may he extinguished as soon as possible, I
and long before its maturity, if practicable. {
in this way, under ordinary circumstances
! the advantages of a long and short loan are,
to some extent combined. The first half ot
; the loan should, it is thought, be negotiated
early in the spring, payments being required
I only as the money may be needed; and tiie
| remainder, if wanted, should be negotiated
some time during the succeeding summer or
fall, payments only to be made also in this
case as the money may be required, so that
no larger sum may be borrowed, in any event,
| than may be demanded by the wants of the
government.
In compliance with the proviso of the first
| section of act of 10th Aug. last, a full slate
| ment is herewith communicated (marked 1
i D) of ail Treasury notes paid under the !
I provisions of that act, amounting on the first
oflhis month to $17,446 31.
Table E, hereto annexed, shows the pay- j
meets made since the 4th of March, 1845, of
the principal and interest of the public debt 1
up to the first of the present month. Tiie
amount of principal thus paid was $1,680,-
’ 605 02, and of interest $i,528,042 62; ina-
S king an aggregate of public debt paid since
the 4Ui of March, 1845, of $3 208,647 64, of
which (except the sum of $513,600) the
whole amount consisted of debt, or interest :
upon debt, incurred before the 4ih of March,
1845.
fSiatement F, hereto annexed, shows the !
amount of Treasury notes issued under the i
provisions of the act of the 22d July last, be
| mg a total of $3,853,100; of which the
amount 0f51,766,450 bore an interest ol one
I mill per cent, on every one hundred dollars,
and $2,086,650, an interest ot five and two- j
; fifths per cent, per annum.
In tiie same statement will be found the j
amount paid into the Treasury on account of
- the five millions loan, which in pursuance of
public notice hereto annexed, (marked Ft,)
i was negotiated at six per cent interest, un- j
der the act of the 22d of July last, either at
par, or, as was the case for a small portion I
above par. The sum paid and entered on the
books of the Register of the Treasury was,
i on the Ist December last, $3,461,600. The j
■ payments are still progressing, the slock i
| bearing interest only from tiie date of the |
; actual deposile of the money in the Treasury. 1
In the same table will be found a statement
of the public debt of every description, prin
cipal and interest, due by the United iStates,
including loans,Treasury notes,&c., amount
ing, on the Ist December last, to $24,256,-
494 60, of which $17,788,799 62 was eon;
traded before the 4ih March, 1845; leaving
the whole debt incurred since that date $6,-
467,694 98, embracing $320,000 of the Mexi
can treaty indemnity debt assumed by Con
gress at its last session.
At the date of the repeal of the Tariff of
1842 the revenue was declining. The re
ceipts under it into the Treasury were less
The sum of $550,000 for supplying deficiencies
of revenue from postage, and also $200,000 for
postages of Congress and of the Executive Depart
ments, are included in the above sum.
tThe sum of $554,000 for supplying deficiency
in revenue from postages, $275,000 for postages of
Congress and Executive officers, and $117,750 of
the debt . assumed by the United States for the
cities district of Columbia, are included in
the above sum.
by the sum of $815,444 33 (] ur i n nr the last
fiscal year, terminating nn the 30th June, j
1846, than the receipts during the fiscal year
ending on the 30ih June, 1845. That this
decline was progressive, and arose irom the
prohibitory character of the specific duties is (
proved by the table hereto annexed, (marked
G,) from which it appears that tor the fiscal !
year ending on the 3Uth June, 1844, the ex- ■
cess of revenue produced by specific over ad !
valorem duties was $81,860, 74; whereas, !
during the fiscal year ending 30rh June, 1315, |
the ad valorem exceeded ine specific duties r
$1,737,379 57, and during the last fiscal 1
year the ad valorem exceeded the specific
duties $2,663,533 94. As the specificdut ies
in their practicai operation, were becoming
every day more prohibitory, trie revenue un
der the Tariff of 1842 must have continued
to sink so rapidly as soon to have caused a
great deficit, even in time ol peace, and thus
have required ultimately a resort to direct \
taxes or excises to support the government.
The duties collect d at the ports' of Balti
more, Philadelphia, and New York, during ;
the first five days of December, 1846. under
the new tariff, amount to $416,802 97. and,
during the fir.-.!, five days oi December, 1845, ’
under the o d tarilf, to $208,374 50. 1 his j
rate of augmentation, it is not supposed will !
continue; but that the revenue from duties |
this year will reach the amount estimated I
now, and in my report to the Senate or" the I
16th July last, at $27,835,731, is, lor the |
reasons therein stated, fully believed.
Herewith are it'an-mtUed the regain tions \
marked H, adopted by this Department in ;
obedience to the provisions of the law of the |
6ih of August last, establishing the conslitu- j
tiunal Treasury. It will he perceived hy re- 1
feretice to the instructions, that this Depot- i
ment has proceeded to carry into full effect !
the intentions ol Congress in the enactment !
I 0
of this law, and the rules established in re- |
lalion to Treasury drafts have rendered it
; impossible that they can ever be converted
i into a circulating medium. The bill, how
i ever, is defective in some of its details. No
; appropriation is made by the law for the pay*
; mentoft.be salaries ol the as>istant treasu
rers, or the additional salaries of the trea
i surers, of the mini, or lor the com.tensation
of the examining agents authorized by the
i law, and whose services are so nece-sary un
i der its provisions for the security of the puh
; lie money. The provisions for incidental ex- 1
; penses is wholly inadequate. The number |
; of clerks, also, is insufficient to transact the :
public business under toe provisions of this |
law, and, it is thought, ought to he augment- ;
ed from ten to twenty, more than five times
the latter number having been required to
transact the same business when these
j moneys were kept, transferred,and disbursed
by the banks. No adequate security is pro
vided by law for the security of the public
money in the hands of disbursing agents, and
whilst transfers are required to be made from i
j place to place of specie, no appmpriaf ion is j
• made by this law to pay the expenses ol these
transfers, to enable disbursing agents to pay
1 the public creditors at all times and places
with puuctiialiiy and despatch. Ti.e powers
I of the Department in relation to that portion
, of the public moneys which must be paid on
; the other side of the At lantic, or in any for
eign country, through the medium ol agen. ;
j cies existing, or to he created there, and by
j the operation of foreign bills ol exchange, are
I not sutficiently defined by law. This authori
j ty, which experience has shown tube neces
| sary at all times, is now rendered of the high
; est importance by the payments and disbur
: sements required to be rn tde in so many por
tions of the Republic of Mexico, and many
1 of them so distant from any depository. The
I great object in these cases would not be to
; circulate papers among our troops in Mexico
but to facilitate the obtaining and transfering
j specie there for circulation, through tiie ope
rations of foreign exchange, on terms highly
advantageous to the Government. It being
the anxious desire of this Department, even
for beneficial purposes, never to exercise any
doubtful powers, the propriety of some more
clear and adequate provisions on tins subject
is submitted to tue enlightened consideration
of Congress.
In connexion with the amendments pro
, posed to the bill organizing the consitul ional j
; Treasury, far tbe most important would be
! the establishment of a branch of the mint of
! the United Stales at the city of New York, to
j perform among its other functions,the duties |
, 'Appertaining to a depository of the pultc j
I money, During the period of mure than half
i a century, the mint and branch mints have
had deposited with them about one hundred
! and sixteen millions of gold and silver bullion I
and coin, no portion of which iias ever been j
i lost to the Government; and as two-thirds of
1 our whole revenue is collected at the city of
New York,a branch there would place beyond
all hazard the security of the public money; j
and at the same time greatly enlarge the |
circulation of gold and silver. For the reason j
stated in my last annual report, foreign gold i
coin will not, to any extent, circulate as a '
1 currency among the people. Jt is necessary i
that this coin should receive the American
stamp, by recoinage at our own mint, into ea
gles, half and quarter eagles, in order to
| enable it to pass into general circulation.
When we consider tiie vast amount of foreign
coin that is brought into the city of New
York, through the operations of business as
well as of me custom-house there, as also by
emigrants from abroad, the importance of
converting all this at once into American
coin can scarcely be over-estimated.
If the specie now flowing within our limits
remains in foreign coin, it may find its way,
not into circulation, but into the vaults of the
banks, where it might be made the basis, as
often heretofore, of bank and paper expan
sions, and if so, ruinous revulsions could not j
fail to ensure. It is important, to all the great
interests of the country, but especially to |
manufacturers, that tiie currency should not j
be redundant or depreciated and excessive
imports of foreign merchandise brought as a
consequence into the country. In connexion
with the Constitutional Treasury, a branch
of the mint at New York would be most use
ful in converting the foreign into American
coin, encouraging thereby its circulation
among the people, instead of triple and qua
druple issues of bank paper.
We are beginning to realize the benefits j
of the new tariff, many imports having been
warehoused in anticipation of the new duties,
and some already paid. By free interchange
of commodities, the foreign market is opened
to our agricultural products, our tonnage and
commerce are rapidly augmenting, our ex
ports enlarged, and the price enhanced; ex
changes are in our favor, and specie is flow
ing within our limits. The country was never
more prosperous, and we have never enjoy
ed such large and profitable markets for all
our products. This is not the result of an in
flated currency, but is an actual increase of
wealth and business. Whilst agriculture,
commerce, and navigation, released from
onerous taxes and restrictions, are thus im-
proved and invigorated, and manufactures
are not depressed. The large profits of man
ufacturers may be in some cases somewhat
diminished, but that branch of industry, now
reposing more in its own skill and resources,
is still prosperous and progressive. New
manufactories are being erected throughout
the country, and still yield a greater profit, in
most case;, than capital invested in other
pursuits.
Commerce between nations is but an ex
change of their respective products, specie
liquidating only the occasional fluctuating
balance, and cannot long be maintained to
any great extent by sales for specie only.—
Thus, if England opens her markets to our
products, whilst we exclude by high duties
most of the fabrics she would sell in ex
change, her specie would rapidly diminish,
and such a commerce must languish and de
cline. She might still, from necessity, pur
chase a portion ot our products; but a neces,
shy equally stern and irresistible from ex
hausted means would soon compel her to re- j
: (luce the purchases and price, and thus di- ;
minish the balance demanded from her in spe- j
cie. To maintain then, pennanetly a proi- i
table commerce with England, the barriers 1
! must be broken down on both sides; her corn ;
1 laws repealed and our duties reduced, so as ;
to permit an exchange of her fabrics for our :
| products. With high duties on onr part, we ;
1 could realize but little peimaneat advantage j
from tiie repeal of her corn 1' ws. Such high j
i duties would continue in force, as against our j
j farmers, the BrhLh com laws near y as es- ;
1 fectually as though th y had nev r been re
i pealed. Before the repeal ol those laws, the j
i advocates of our protective policy conceded |
that, if England would open her rmrke's for •
| our bre d-luffs and provisions, we should I
: receive her fabrics in exchange. Now her
I markets are thus opened to these products,
and the friends of the protective tariff, aban
doning their former position, would still ar
rest hy high duties tiie exchange of English
fabrics lor our bread.-!tiffs and provis 011 s. If
the reduced duties are continued on both
sides, so as to permit a reciprocal interchange
of commodities, the foreign markets now j
opened for our breadstuff's and provisions
must he maintained.
Uur farmers now have and must retain our
home market, with or without ihe tariff, because
hreadstuffs and provisions cannot profitably be
| imported here. The few diverted from farming
j to manufactures by a high tariff bear no compar
-1 ison in number with the people o! the world,
j whose markets are lost in whole or in part by
| high duties. Nor is it chiefly tiie farmers, but
j the merchant, the ship-builder, and ship-owner,
the seaman, and the t onsands of laborers in the
marts of our foreign commerce, that furnish much
the larger portion of those who are driven by a
high tariff from existing pursuits into manufac- j
lures, and consuming, as they all did, our own j
hreadstuffs and provisions, as well before as after
this change of their pursuits, no additional mar
ket is thereby secured to the farmer, indeed, !
! there is an absolute loss, in so far as the machine
ry of tiie manufacturer, which consumes no
1 hreadstuffs or provisions, is substituted for the
manual labor engaged in agriculture, commerce
an i navigation. Ihe number of manufacturers
! would not be increased (it increased at all) more
than one-tenth by the difference between the ta
riff of 1812 and that ot 184 b; and of that tenth
more than one half would not have changed from
agricultural pursuits. In the meantime, when
j commerce and navigation flourish under low du
• ties, a larger number of consumers ot hreadstuffs
and provisions are diverted to those pursuits from
agriculture than would be drtvi n from it into
manufactures by high duties Nothing,then, is
gained in a home market to the farmer by high
duties, whilst the markets of the world are lost or
diminished. The population of the world is now
one thousand millions, increasing at,the rate of
not less than ten millions per annum, with but
little augmentation any where of breadstufl'sand
provisions, except in our own country; yet our
I farmers are asked to abandon this immense mar- I
| ket in the vain attempt to create an adequate
; home market by sacrificing agriculture, cotn
| merce and navigation fur toe benefit ot manu- i
! facturers,
Experience ss against the protective policy. In
England, after a long trial aud ruinous results, it
is abandoned, and here, under the tariff of 1842,
the prices of hreadstuffs and provisions fell, and
have now risen with the reduction ot duties and
the opening of a foreign market. From a long
peace, Europe is becoming so densely populated
that her poorer soil and more uncertain climate
1 afford a less adequate supply of food from year to
year for her rapidly increasing population. Un
der a system of low duties and a reciprocal inter
| change of commodities, it will he the interest,
not only of Great Britain, but also of most of the
j continent of Europe, to take a larger supply of j
I food from us; but by arresting this exchange ot
theii fabrics for our products, it becomes their in
terest, and in fad a necessity, to look for and en- I
courage markets elsewhere, and also, by extra
i ordinary means and high government bounties,
to drive capital into agriculture ttyere, to supply
the wants of their people, unable to purchase our
products, for which, hy high duties, we demand
payment in specie. If we receive the fabrics of
Europe in exchange lor our products, it will be
i their interest to encourage and enlarge that cora
! merce, and it must go on rapidly augmenting un- j
| til our country becomes the granary for Europe, I
j and our expuit tiiere of food shall even exceed j
1 that of cotton, great as that is destined to be un- ;
■ der a system of low duties. With this enlarge- ;
! ment of our exports will come a correspondent in- j
crease of our imports and a great augmentation •
of the revenue of the Government and of the 1
prosperity of the people. There will be a greater 1
number more profitably engaged in agriculture, !
commerce and navigation. The increased num
ber and prosperity of those classes, constituting i
four-fifths of the whole people, will enable them
greatly to extend their purchases; and the manu
facturers, by the increased ability and means of
our own people, will derive, in a series of years,
a gieater benefit than by destroying the ability of
their customers, by excluding their products from
the foreign market, and depriving them to that ex
tent of the means to purchase at home or abroad.
If the ship builder constructs and the navigator
freights more vessels; if the farmer sells more j
hreadstuffs aud provisions, and the planter more '
cotton and at better prices; if the merchant trans- j
acts a larger and more prosperous business; if the |
seamen increase in number and receive better wa
ges; if the working classes employed in connexion !
with trade in our American marts of foreign com
merce are increased and rendered more prosper
ous, they must ail be enabled to purchase more of
ourown manufactures and at better prices. Under
such a s\ T stern of reciprocal interchange of com
modities with all the world, the great city of New
York would become (what she ndw is for the
States of this Union) the great marl for the com
merce of the various nations of the earth. Loca
ted nearer thecentre’ofthe commerce of the world
than any European city, she would go on aug
menting until she had surpassed them all. and
within her own limits and suburbs would afford
a larger home market for our hreadstuffs and pro- ;
visions than the whole number whom a protective (
tarilf would drive from agriculture to rmmufac- j
tures. Such would be the effect on New York
as a market for hreadstuffs and provisions, whilst
New Orleans. Philadelphia, Baltimore and other
great commercial marts would move onward in an
accelerated progress, augmenting the demand for ,
agricultural products as well as for foreign and
domestic manufactures. This is the true method
of building up a home market for the products of
all our industry. This is the most equal, just,
certain, and permanent, as well as the most effec
tual and comprehensive protection and encour
agement, nut only of manufactures, but also of
agriculture, commerce and navigation, and the la
bor connected with every branch of American in-
dustry. Table I, hereto annexed, shows that
the aggregate value of cotton, rice, wheat, rve, i
Indian corn, oats and barlev was, on the 30th \
July, 18 k>, Under the old tariff, $493,331,906, and I 1
on the Ist of December. 1816, when the new ta- i j
rid' went into effect, $603,287,565; making an i
aggregate cliTerence in the price of $115,U55°65D. j
It is true that the failure of certain crops in Cheat 1 I
Britain and the continent has to some extent at- )
tec ted prices; but then those are opposing causes,
such as tlie enormous freight, low exchange, &c. 1
which in the absence of reduced duties, must 1
have kept the prices on the 30m July and Ist of ,
December more nearly the same. If, however,
but sixty millions be added by the new tariff to
the value of the pioducts of agriculture and the
profits of commerce and navigation, more than
one-half would be employed in purchases of do- j
rnestic fabrics, which, in the absence of those
augmented means and profits, could not have 1
found a market at fair prices at home or abroad.
Whilst vast sums have been and still are being
expended by the construction of railroads, ca
nals and other improvements to transport our pro j
ducts to our great seaboard cit ies, when they reach >,
those points, ihe farmer and planter, instead of i
finding the ocean as a highway, prepared to carry
their crops free of all toil or tax to all the world,
meet the laws of their own Government closing
in whole or in part that highway to those mar
kets for their products, by heavy duties on nearly *
all the fabrics that can he sold in exchange,
f To be continued in our nest.]
AUGUSTA. GEO~
: FRIDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 18, 1846.
ILTNo mail lust evening North of Charles- I
ton.
“AID AND COMFORT.**
These words have been used in the Presi- .
I . !
deni’s Message in a connection quite fright
; ful to those Whigs, whose partizaii zeal has
' carried them so far on the Mexican war
| question. They have actually taken sides
against onr government, laboured assiduous
ly to prove us in the wrong, and yet affected j
to he shocked, horrified, ami assume airs of j
i great indignation at what they would wish I
j to call an outrage on their virtue. Peerless j
( innocence! Wonderful patriotism! Against 1
whom let us ask are the supporters of the !
! administration and tlie war had to contend
.
and argue more zealously, than against those
: very individuals? Have articles more
i defamatory and bitter been written against
; American aggression and injustice in Cana
da, in England or in Mexico, than have ap
i peared in these certain American Whig pa
| pers that might he named? And yet are
they gravely to assert in the face of their ;
own language—in the very columns in which j
i these foul aspersions of their country’s cause
i have appeared, that such language has given
; no "aid and comfort ” to the enemy!
| We candidly believe that a more effectual |
means could not have been devised to en-
I courage the Mexicans and protract the war, i
| than for Generals Paredes,Santa Anna, Am
! pudia and Canales to have appropriated some
thousands of dollars to the printing in hand
; bills and pamphlets from time to time, ip- j
' flainmalory editorials from leading Whig pa- !
j pers in this country, and circulating them !
through Mexico. It would not have been a i
bad idea to subscribe lor a few thousand J
copies of the National Intelligencer, N T . Y.
Express and Tribune, and one or two Whig j
papers in Georgia that we might name, and |
; to have them circulated among the Mexicans. |
I We doubt if Canales, should he have inler
, cepted the mails containing them, as he did j
that containing some despatches for General ;
Taylor, would think it good policy to slop
their circulation.
We publish below the language of the J
President at which some of the Whig papers !
; have taken so much offence.and invite special j
; attention to it. Os course “the galled jade !
i always winces.” That fact was known as j
i far back as Shakspeare at least. We looked !
for it. But tlie President makes a plain i
r t
statement and lays down a plain, and irrefu- j
; table proposition as deducible from the facts: !
| “1 deem it to be my duty to present to you, on j
the present occasi >n, a condensed review of the !
injuries we had sustained, of the causes which J
1 led to the war, and of its progress since its com
mencement. J bis is rendered the more neces
sary because of the m.sa| prehensions which have
to some extent prevailed as to its origin and true
character. The war has hern represented as
unjust and unnecassary, anil asone of aggression
! on our part upon a weak and njurej enemy. :
Such erroneous views, though entertained by j
1 but few, have been widely and extensively circu- ;
j I a ted, not only at home, but have been spread !
| throughout i£lexico and the whole world, A i
, moie effectual means could not have been devised
to encourage the enemy and protract the war, than j
| to advocate and adhere to tlnir cause, and tlius
! give them “aid and comfort.”
—
M ETC A LF’S RANG E.
This beautiful range of new stores de
i serves a nolicejand we have frequently felt
i ternp'ed to speak of it as an ornament to our
| city. Those costly improvements are more
j gratifying to the eye, since they afford the
most satisfactory evidence of the opinion en
tertained by one of our shrewdest and most
public-spirited citizens, that the march of
I Augusta is onward, and that she is destined
loan increase of prosperity and an enhance
ment of the value of her real estate. These
stores have glass fronts and are protected at
| night by patent iron shutters. They are not all
I completed.but when complete,will present an |
appearance unsurpassed by any range south i
of Chesnutslreet. Philadelphia, They' would i
do great credit even to Broadway New York. :
Onr present remarks are suggested by the i
advertisement of our friend J. O. B. Ford
late of Hamburg, whom we are pleased to i
welcome over to this side of the river. We !
hope his South Carolina customers will fol
low him, and give all our merchants a chance
to trade with them. We might mention
some first rate customers of ours, nearer the
centre of the city, who, without wishing to
disparage others, we know will do them jus- I
tice. For instance Bowdre & Clagett, Tur- !
pin & Barnes,Price &, Ingraham,Lalastadt &
Jackson, J. M, Newby 7 & Co., John Bridges,
John P. Seize, &.c.,&.c., all in the dry goods,
and clothing business, who show occasionally
their belief in the doctrine that the more a 1
man spends in advertising the more ho j
makes.
As long as Bowdre & Clagelt, keep that
beautiful picture in their show window, they
will throw even Metcalf’s Range in Ih*
shade. L .I'. f.# *Mb f
As they give us a lift occasionally in our
business, we hope this notice will not “set
them back any.” They have extensive stocks,
and like all our merchants, it they once win
customers to our city, will offer such in
ducements as will be apt to retain them.
HOTCHKISS* DIGEST.
- We have on a tormer occasion spoken in
terms of deserved commendation of thi*
work. We again call attention to it, and
refer the reader to C. E. Grenville’* adver
tisement in another column. It is an admi
rable digest. The Codification and arrange
ment of our Statute law, and of Hie English
Statutes of force in Georgia, are so sim
ple and clear that the humblest citizeu of
our State may soon acquaint himself with
their most important provisions.
We recommend each citizen,who occupies
the position of Executor, Administrator or
Guardian, and each one w hose business busi
ness connects hmi in any way witli the pro
ceedings ot Courts, to supply himself with a
copy. The edition is limited, end not being
stereotyped, it will be a long time, if ever,
before this edition wuea exhausted, will be
replaced.
iLTTbe Baltimore Sun states that Mr.
Cranston who was stabbed in that city, and
was thought to be mortally wounded, a* the
symptoms, during Friday night, were con
sidered very unfavorable, was much better
on Sunday evening, having rested well du
ring the night, and the hemorrhage from the
lungs,wind! at first was alarming,had ceased,
and some hope was entertained that his
j wound would not prove fatal.
Yucatan. —Without possessing any very
j definite information on the subject, yet we
j know thatan impression prevails in the r»a»-
| al service that Yucatan is to be made to dis
; gorge some ot toe fruits of the lucrative
1 commerce she lias been carrying on in tur
nishtng supplies to Mexico. The very least
w hich will be done will be to close her ports,
and probably lake possess!, n of them. Li
guria is represented to be one of the best
ports of Mexico, and very convenient and
eligible as a naval station tor our lieet. Al
though Yucatan has already indicted great
injury upon us by assisting our enemy to ob
; tain military stores, it is well to lake tnea
; stires that may prevent her doing any lurtlier
i harm.—A. O. Picayune.
Correspondence cj Ike Ckw Lemon Couritr.
Washing ion. Dec. 13.
The anticipations as to JSama Anna’s mov
j emenfs have been verified. He has returned
j to the city of Mexico with a view to secure
his own nnere-ts, winch appear to be haz
j aided amid contending factions. It is un
derstood that Herrera wall probably he chosen
as President. L was that chief who put down
Santa Anna and caused his banishment*
IS hm id he be resiored to power, Saida Anna
will be in danger of meeting tue fate of
! Iturdide. Herrera, should he become Presi-
I dent, will, it is suppo-ed. favor peace with
I ihe United States, as he has done heretofore,
j The Constituent Congress by declaring their
j preference for Herrera, will, uy the same act,
1 declare tor peace.
j You are aware that, snmp years ago, an ef
fort was made to revolutionize some of the
i northern provinces of Mexico, viz: I atnauli
pas. New Leon, Durango, Chihuahua and
Coahntla. lien. Arista was supposed to ue
concerned in it, and was not far from losing
J Ins life m consequence of it. A Mexican
agent lias been hero fur some weeks, and has
i endeavored to procure ins recognition as the
i agent of these iSliles. This gentleman is
J repiesented to me as a very respectable and
j intelligent man. It was reported that b*
I proposed the annexation of tin* provinces to
i the Untied States; but i am informed that
j this was not ins purpose; that he proposed
inert iy that the United *Siaies should guarau
i tee tin* independence of the above men ioned
• five Smies—-they having previously declared
| and sustained their independence. Under
! present circumstances, tne United States
! G 'Vernment could uoi recognize tins agent,
1 nor entertain his proposition. Tne agent
i will lea\e tins city on his return home to
morrow.
I mentioned, in my letter, last night, that
Mr. Sevier might be the Chairman of tho
Committee of Foreign Affairs of the Senate.
I am now positively informed that the Sen
atorial democratic cahctis have agreed to
i choose Mr. Sevier. 1 am also enabled '»*
state positively, that in order to make a vacant
i seal in the Senate for Mr. Wilhan R. King,
late Minister to Franco, Mr. Bagby, now
i Senator from Alabama, will be appointed as
1 Mmister to France.
IQ M_ —— ||_M |_L Ml _J 'TZ
BUSIN KSS CVBDS.
D. G. WILDS.
_VPTOP.2tf3T AT LAW,
SPARTA, GEORGIA.
Will practice in Hancock, Warren, Washington
and Taliaferro Counties. *
Dec. 8 ly 53
GEO. G. MeWHOIITEiI,
A T TORXEY AT L A W .
OFFICE LAfT RASGE, AUGUSTA, GEORGIA
oct 23 6ir,
DAVID ADAMS,
Attorney at Law, Hamburg, So. Cr-
Office over the store of Sibley & Crapon—will
practice in the Law Courts of Edgefield and Barn,
well. 39 ly sept 21
w. W ilson,
PORTRAIT PAINTER.
A few PORTRAITS will be undertaken if
early application is made at his Studio, Unitarian
Church, corner of Greene and Jackson-slreets.
nov 25 ts
J3S. LLOYD MARTIN, M. D.,
(homoeopathic physician-)
Graduate of the University of the City oj N . \drk,
Residence United States Hotel.
Office in Metcalf’s Range, Broad-street, adjoining
the Law School of W in. T. Gould, Esq.
nov 20 -‘ 1m ___
"CLEVELAND & SPEAR,
SIMJi saSLBffIISTS
NO. 31 5 BROAD- ST.,
(Over Aldrich A' Green's Shoe Store.)
nov II 1y 35