Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

THE CONSTITUTIONALIST, j JAMES GAR ONER, JR. TERMS. Daily, per annum,. $8 00 Tri- Weekly, per annum, 6 00 If paid in advance, 5 00 Weekly, per annum, 8 00 If paid in advance, 2 50 83" All new subscriptions must he paid in advance. 83" Postage must be paid on all Coiamunicatk ns ami Letters of business. ICrport of the Finaocea. (concluded.) Some augmentation of Uie revenue might be produced by removing several onerous restrictions in the pre-emption law, and es pecially by extending its just and salutary provisions to the unsurveyed land to which j the Indian title has been extinguished. By returns from the General Land Office up to the Ist of November last, it appears that, whilst the surveyed lands not yet offered at public sales, to which the pre-emptirm princi ple now extends, amounted to 15.655.441 acres, the unsurveyed to which the Indian ti tle has been extinguished to 92,060,572, acres the opening of which to pre-emptions could not fail to augment the revenue. It would carry thousands of settlers upon these lands in advance of the surveys as well as the sales, j who would desire to purchase the farms oc- J cupied by them; the existence of which would give increased value to the remaining lands, and largely augment the proceeds of the sales. Whilst the measure would thus in crease the revenue, it would secure homes to it hose enterprising and patriotic settlers who move in advance into the wilderness, extending the blessings of civilization, diffus ing the influence and advanceing the pro gress of republican principles, and soon add ing Stale after State to the American Union, j No inconsiderable addition could also be i made to the revenue by authorising the sale of the portion of the public lands containing copper and other ores, whilst the measure would more rapidly develop the resources of this valuable region, and at the same time convert into owners and proprietors those who now occupy the relation of tenants to the Federal Government as a landlord. If Congress, at an early period of the pres ent session, would impose the proposed duty on tea and coflee, reduce and graduate the price of the public lands in favor of settlers and {cultivators, extend the pre-emption system to flie unsurveyed lands to which the Indian title has been extinguished and au thorize the sales of that portion of the public lands containing copper and other valuable ores, the loan might safely be reduced from twenty-three to seventeen millions of dollars. Annexed are copies, marked I, of instruc- 1 tions issued by this Department to Carry into- I effect the act of the 6lh of August last, estab- j lishing the warehouse system. The large | majority by which this law was passed, and I the highly beneficial resells already accom plished, clearly indicate that it may be re garded as apart of the settled policy of the country. That it would have been more advantageous if there had been no limit to the timefor retaining goods in the warehouse, is the belief of this Department; but the ' measure having been adopted in is present form as a compromise of conflicting opinions, ; no recommendation is submilled to disturb j that compromise. It is believed, hereafter, that this great measure will vindicate itself so clearly by its results that amendments may he obtained by very-general consent ala future period. Both as,a means of augmenting revenue, and ofincreasing the commerce and prosperity of the country, it is a most import- j ant measure. Under its beneficial influence f our own great commercial cities will soon j rival, and ultimately surpass, the largest i marts of European commerce, augmenting most rapidly the wealth and business of the whole country- Important as it is to agri culture, commerce, and navigation, maiiu- | factures also will derive from it in a series of ; years great advantages.—The benefits in augmented means accruing to those concern- . ed in agriculture, commerce, and navigation, ; arising from the warehouse bill, will enable j them to purchase more of our own manufac tures, whilst that interest will not be so seri ously affected as it has been by auctions and forced sales of foreign merchandise. Most of these goods, under Hie warehouse bill, will wail in §!ore for a purchaser, instead of forced j sales in our market, because the goods can- I not be warehoused. As this bill will also ren- ; der our great commercial cities immense j marts of assorted cargoes, where merchants • Iromall the world will eventually come to ! seek a supply,our own manufactures will of ten be bought as a part of those assorted car- j goes by purchasers that never would have j been found in the absence of such a system. | In Liverpool and ils suburbs the number of 1 bonded warehouses is estimated at five hun dred, and in London and oilier parts of the ; British empire at many thousands. These im tuense structures, stretching along their fine ; docks and mighty basins, a single warehouse , often covering many acres of ground, and | storiflg throughout the year assorted cargoes of several hundred millions of dollars in value, invite to these marts the merchants and commerce of the world. Indeed, this is one of the great means by which England has built up her vast commerce; and tor a I long series of years lie r whole people, wheth er tor or against protection, acknowledge the j important benefits of this system. Here the advantages would ultimately be still greater inasmuch as our chief commercial cities are already nearer than those of Europe to the ceulreoftlie territory, population, and com merce of the world, and are destined, at no distant day, to be brought still nearer, when the waters of the Atlantic and Pacific shall be united at the Mexican isthmus, which, combined with our possessions on the Pacific, would revolutionize in our favor the com merce of the world, and more rapidly advance our greatness, wealth, and power than any event that has occurred since the adoption of the constitution. It is deemed important that our revenue laws should be extended to Oregon, not only as a means of collecting duties there, but also to defeat any effort that might be made from Asia or elsewhere to introduce foreign merchandise free of duly into Oregon, now acknowledged to Lea part of the Union, and then claim the right under the constitution 10 bring such articles Iroin Oregon, exempt from duty, into any other part of the Union. Two collection districts might perhaps be conveniently established, the one near the mouth of the Oregon river, and the other at or near Puget s Sound. With a system of liberal donations of tracts of fend in Oregon sufficient for farms to settlers and emigrants, this highly interesting portion of the Union would soon contain a considerable popula tion; and, near and convenient as it is to Asia, itis commerce would rapidly increase. j andlarge revenue accrues to the Govern -1 ment. Much lime and attention have been given by this Department to the highly important subject of our lighthouse system, placed by Congress under its supervision. In the month of June, 1845, Lieutenants Thornton A. Jen kins and Richard Bache, of the Navy, were detailed by the Navy Department to visit, under instructions from the Treasury, some of the principal European lighthouses, as well as our own. Having completed their examination before the close of the last ses sion of Congress, they communicated the re sult to this Department in a most able and interesting report, containing full and valua ble information upon this subject., Accom panying this report was a most able paper from Mr. Leortor Fresnel, the distinguished •Secretary of the Board of Lighthouses in France. 1 That paper, together with the report from this Department, were communicated to Con gress on the sth of August last. Having ex amined with great care the relative advan tages of the reflecting lights and of the re fracting or lens apparatus, no doubt is en tertained of trie superiority of the latter, as furnishing a light more brilliant as well as more economical. In the report of this De partment on this subject, on the sth of An* gust last, the organization Cf a board, with out expense to the Government, to consist of I lie Filth Auditor, ihe Superintendent of the Coast Survey, two naval officers-, two engi neer officers, the one of military, the oilier a topographical engineer, and a secretary, who might be a junior otficer of the Navy, was recommended as the most efficient, means of combining that information possessed by no one person in regard to coasts and chan nels, the wants of navigation, the location and construction of the lighthouses, the me chanical principles involved in lighting,which would enable this Department to render the whole system more useful and economical. The coasi-survey and the lighthouse sys tem, warehouse bill and the ad valorem reve nue tariff', are all great, efficient, and co-op erative instruments in givin to our own coun try advantages over ail others as competitors for the commerce of the world. The survey of the coast of the United Slates has made rapid and satisfactory pro gress during the past year. This depart ment has watched with greaf interest the gradual development of the plan for extend ing the survey to all sections of the coast, and it has, in successive years; sanctioned the estimates for this important object.- Those now presented by tlie superintendent are in pursuance of the policy which has re ceived the approval of the Department, and ot two successive Congresses. The plan is, recommended by economy, and the rapidity with which the fruits of the work are realized in the production and circulation of maps i 1 and charts of different parts of the coast. — ' | The highly interesting exploration of the ■ Gulf St ream, which lias proved so important ! and successful a part of the work, has been ! attended with the loss of one of the most va luable assistants in the survey, and an orna ment to the profession to which he belonged. Lieutenant George AL Bache, of the navy, commanding the coast survey brig Washing ton, was, with ten of the petty officers ami ! seamen, swept from the deck, in the hurri cane of the Btli September, jjever to regain j the The surveying officers have borne cheerful testimony to the coolness and abili ty which he displayed on this trying occa sion; and the execution, afier he had perish ed, of the last order which he had given; was the means, under Providence, of saving the lives of those under his command. This Department has united with that of the navy j in recording these opinions, as also in ex- I pressing a strong approval of the conduct of : tlie surviving officers and crew of the Wasli ! inglon, who, in the midst of the most ex treme danger, preserved perfect coolness and effective discipline, and finally succeeded in : bringing the wreck into port. Having now presented, in regard to the ; subjects entrusted to its supervision by the two Houses of Congress, the views of this i Department, it is gratifying to know that to | them belongs the power to correct all its er j rors, and, under the guidance of an all-wise and gracious Providence, to advance all tiie great interests, the honor, welfare, and glory of our beloved country. R. J. WALKER, Secretary of the Treasury, j Hon. John W. Davis, Speaker of the House »f llepreseiitalices. I [from the A r eie York Herald j the Fanatics and the war-folly AND FOURIERISM, i It appears by our telegraphic, report of the proceedings in Congress, in yester. dav’s paper; that before the ink with j which Mr. Polk's Message was written, was dry, some of the whigs leaders tom menced opposing the administration, and the conduct of the executive in the Mexi ; can war. We expected some outbursts of farm ticism during the present session, but we must confess that we did not look for any exhibition of it so early, and cannot divine what the intentions of Messrs. Da vis and Wimhrop are except that they mean to throw all the obstacles they can ; in the way of the President, in his endea | vors to conduct the war to and honorable close, and conquer a peace as speedily as he can. Some of the whig* will certain ly never be smothered in their own pa triotism. The lucid explanation of the war, its causes and ils present condition, as set forth by the Executive in his Message, has given general satisfaction. We do not hesitate to say, that nine-tenths of the American people, of all political denomi nations, acquiesce in admiring the for -1 bearance of our government —its unwill, i ingness to commence hostilities, although I in the eyes of the civilized world, we j would have been justified in forcibly ob i taining redress for the repealed injuries | and insults we have received from Mexi | co, years ago—its frequently expressed i desire to have all our difficulties settled ■by negotiation—the proffer of the hand of I friendship when Mexico had forced the ! war on us—the admirable manner in which the war has been prosecuted—the ! renewal of the offer of peace after we had - acquired decisive advantage; in all these f things we are convinced that nine-tenths I D of the American people acquiesced insup [ porting the Executive, and are willing to furnish him with means to continue to [> ’ prosecute the war with vigor, so that he » j can obtain an early peace. Bnl suppose they did not—suppose that the majority of the people concurred, with the New York and New England fanatics, with a Kentucky tail, that the j President involved the country in a war I unnecessarily—is it not the duty of the i people’s representatives to stand by their country, right or wrong, and enable the President to obtain a peace as soon as possible? Is it not enough that we are engaged in war, to warrant all parlies in sustaining the country in its prosecution, i and, when peace is obtained, to allow the 1 people to pass their verdict on the Exe cutive and the administration party, whom I the fanatics accuse of having brought it on? If the President and his cabinet have committed an error, or a blunder, or a j crime, they will be purnishad for it in ! due season; after the war is over. By the late State elections the whig j | party acquired a great amount of strength and many important advantages, that ! would if judiciously exercised, he of in- i finite set vice to them hereafter. With j the advantages they acquired in this Stale they might obtain further ground next ; year, and enter the presidential contest ; ; with strong hopes of success. But it is ' I with the whigs as we have always staled. ; They are no tacticians—they cannot | maintain their ground. They become possessed of advantages, and then fritter them away, without reference to the cost at which they have been obtained. It is clear that the country will not sus ; tain any parly in opposing this war. It | may he opposed by a clique ol fanatics in i New England and in New York, as well as by their organs, but witness the alacri i ty with which volunteers have rushed to the theatre of operations the moment their services we're required by the govern ment; the universal enthusiasm that pre vails; and a man with half an eye can see, that the war and the course of the administration and popular and meet the appiobation of the masses ot the people, horn one extremity of the country to the other. Are we toj follow the fanatics and continue to be spit upon bv another na tion, because the administration who have the management of the war. and who are doing their duty, are democrats or locofo cos or huge paws? The conduct of the fanatics and their Fourierite organ, cannot he too strongly i deprecated, and those wno talk of irn ; peaching the Executive, for doing what 1 his oath ofoffice required, and ihelaws of i nations expressly provided for, in estab : governments over conquered territories, will find that they are committing political ! suicide in their vain attempts to impede the President in his patriotic endeavors to obtain an honorable and speedy peace i as well as indemnity for the'expenses we have uujnstly been put to in obtaining it. Oil, whigs, whigs! do gel some sense. Borrow, beg, or'steal some; at any rale gel some. O TUB CROWNED HEADS OF EUROPE. BT UK. BAIUD. Eight of the twenty monarchs are Pro testants, nine are Homan Catholics, two are of the Greek Church, undone is a Mahornmedan. Those belonging to the Gieek Church are the Emperor of Russia and the King of Greece. Four of them i are men of irreproachable characters.— | Many of them are as respectable as onr | public men whom we delight to honor. ! The Queens are all of spotless character, j which could not have been said of former [ limes. The King of Prussia is a decidedly 1 pious man. Several of the Queens arc ; true Christians, as I think, and among them is the Queen of France. She reads many religious book*. As to talent, Louis j Phillippe, King ol the French, the King ; of Prussia, and the Emperor of Russia, ate admitted to rank first : and Louis ! Phillippe stands pre-eminently above all. i He was educated at a French College ; I spent many years in Foreign lands, and j then sixteen years in quietly pursuing his I studies. Talleyrand said he had no idea of his vast acquirements, before he was his minister, after he became King. He speaks English with ease, and never pro nounced but one word wrong, which was ice, which he calls luce. This he learn ed from the English cockneys, when he lived iu England. He lias no minister who is his equal. The King of Piussia is nearly the equal of Louis Phillippe; he speaks Eng li>h well, but not so well as the King of I the French. He is a self made man.— He was not allowed to gel his education at the German Universities, as he desired, as it was thought degrading to the King’s j son to associate with other young men. — i I He regrets to this day that he was not 1 permitted to go to the University and as j sociate with the students. The King of Sweden graduated al College, and is a j fine scholar. The Emperor of Russia is not inferior j in talent; but he came unexpectedly to the throne, al the age of twenty-seven or twenty-eight years. Ills brother, the law heir to the throne, having abdicated in his favor. He has no lime to read. — Being a resolute monarch, his duties are most arduous. He is devoted to public affairs. I spoke to him about tempe rance societies, when he began to make objections which were ouce so common here, that brandy w'as needful for labor ers, to give thenr strength, and protect them in heat and cold. He also made objections on account of the revenue from that source, which is very great. He however, perceived the force of my ar guments, admitted their correctness and said : “As for the revenue we will let it go, and get a revenue somewhere else.” Nicholas is very decided and indepen dent. A nobleman of great wealth and ta lent had governed his brother Alexander, when Nicholas came to the throne, in less than three days he came to see him unasked. Nicholas said to him, “Who asked yoil to appear before me? 1 know how yon governed friy brother and im posed upon his meekness. I give you three days to arrange your affairs in St. Petersburg!!, after which you will retire to your country seat,” which he did, and has remained there ever since. The King ofSweden is a literary man, and the author of several hooks. He gave me a copy of his work on Prison Disci pline, just published. The King of Hoi land is not so popular; is an older man, about fifty.four. He was distinguished at the battle of Waterloo, and badly wounded. The King of Denmark is a man of fair talents but of no decision of character. The manners of Princes are polished, easy and simple. Such are the charac ters of the nobles of Europe, whom I have seen. It is casv to converse with them. They are, however, more formal to di plomatists. There is more difficulty to get along with our distinguished men, r> d r> w ho sometimes assume a tone and haugh tiness which I never saw in a Prince. — Their monarchs ordinarily, and their Queens dress in tiie same plain way as other well bred people. In public they of course appear in splendor. The Queens wear, on oidinary occasions, little jewel ry- ’ [From tft-i Savannah Republican 1 WAYNESBORO’ CONVENTION. By the notice of the Secretary of this body, it will he seen that an adjourned rneetingofit will be held at Wavnesboro’, O- 1 ! Burke county, on the first Tuesday in \ January next. The importance of the | proposed Rail Road communication be- I tween this city and Augusta, has been too frequently dwelt upon to require any ad ditional enforcernfent at this time. That those who have undertaken the enterprise are in serious earnest, we think mav ha inferred from the following resolutions, : which were unanimously adopt'd at the recent meeting of the Stockholders of the j Central Rail-Road Company in this city: I Resolved, That this meeting approves the suggestions made by the President and Directors in the report of the Bth j Docemher, 1846, on the subject of ex- | tending our Road to Augusta. Resolved, That this Company w ill unite | with the Georgia Rail-Road Company, in paying to the Waynesboro’ Company, upon their delivering a well built Road, joining the tracks of the Georgia and Central Roads, seven per cent, per annum on the cost of such a Road, for a term of five years, Provided, The said Road shall not cost over five hundred and fifty thou sand dollars—and further Resolved, That said junction Road shall be woi ked during said term at the joint expense of the Georgia and Central Rail Roads. n Resolved, That it the Georgia Rail Road refuse to unite with this Company in the abovcj then the Central Rail-Road will agree to pay seven per cent per an num on the cost of a Road from the Cen tral Rail-Road to Waynesbore’, for the ■ term of five years, provided the Road .shall not cost over two hundred thousand dol lars. We really question whether such in- i ducements have ever before been held | out to capitalists to embaik in au enter prise of the kind.—Seven per cent, is a good investment of funds, without any | reference whatever, to the effect which | the proposed woik will have upon the value of real estate in Burke, particularly | it the road should proceed no further than Waynesboro.’ We hope, however, to see it not only extended as far as Augusta, hut to see the day when the cars shall pass over a continuous track from this city to Athens. It is most appaient to us that our neighbors of Augusta have been standing greatly In their own light in this whole matter. If they would meet Savan nah in a proper spirit in regard to ihis enterprise it is altogether probable that a compromise could be effected, nuder which there would be a common line crossing the State to the West. Bnl whatever may he the determination of Augusta, the citizens of Athens have a deep interest in the procurement of another Atlantic mar. ket for iheir produce and manufactures. Those oflhem who havi.|einharked largely their money in these internal improvem ent enterprises should see to it, that they are not cut off entirely from their own seaport, and denied the benefits which should inure from them to their own State Treasury. We sincerely hope therefore, that the people of Athens may look to their own interests, and have a full dele gation present at the meeting. Heavy Failure in Boston. —The Boston Traveler says it is currently reported in that city, that a grocer, who has been in business in Boston for the last two years, left suddenly for Europe, under a feigned name, in the last steamer, leaving numer ous creditors unptovided for,and carrying with him a large sum of ready money. The New York papers say-that it is rumored in Wall street that a failure has occurred in Boston of a house whose liabilities amount to some three millions of dollars! New York Exports —The exports from New York for the week ending Friday last, included 54,740 bushels wheat, 34,- 882 barrels flour, 4,035 barrels corn meal, 15.382 bushels com, 147,223 pounds cheese, 774 barrels and 161 tierces beef and pork, 271 tierces rice, 2,067 bales cotton, 20, 280 pounds tobacco. A Balance. —We have, we believe, once at least, admonished our readers to avoid the abominable abuse of the word “balance,” wiiich has for a long time been tolerated, per haps encouraged, at the South, but wnich, like the fever and argue, seems to be work ing Northward. We have, within a day or two, seen within our own neighborhood, the word “balance” used to denote remainder, or residue. Thus: “Part was used, and the ba lance was sold.” Balance, in mercantile phrase, is the difference and not the residue, and we hope that good fasie will prevent (lie misuse of the term, before it acquires a cur rency that would seem to be proscriptive. The man who sells his neighbor ten hogs- , heads of salt, for sixty dollars, and receives i from him eight barrels of mackerel, for titty ■ dollars, will have a balance of ten dollars re- j ceivable; but if of his ten hogsheads of salt, j he parts with only six hogsheads, he will not have a balance, but a residue or remainder of the salt.— Philadelphia U. S. Gazelle. Victory or Death. —A story is told of a j j worthy lad from “old Edgefield, ’ who was i recently doubting whether or not he should i volunteer for Mexico. One of the flags vvav -1 ing in his eyes somewhat discouraged him. • “Victory is a good tiling,” said he, “but why ! put ‘Victory or Death.’ Put it I ictory or i Cripple,'' said he, “and 111 go that! ’ 1 his fellow was in earnest. Lite was sweet, | yet glory was something, fie was willing j j to risk a leg or an arm for his laurels, and ( | that is much fur a lad of twenty-one, thinking | of his sweetheart. —Charleston So. Patriot, i AUGUSTA. SUNDAY MORNING, DEG’R. 20, 1816. ----- - t -a - -a tn ' : ' SCrNo mail last evening north of Charleston. (LTWe have received from Mr. Millen of | the Literary Depot, a new novel from the pro- ; \ lific pen of James, entitled “Beauchamp, or | the Error.” O’As this is the age of Rail Roads, and j electricity, it is desirable that distant points should be connected by their agency in all . | portions of our country. But this desidera- ! lion can only be attained by consulting and ! harmonizing ail interests that may be aflect | ed by these improvements. We publish to day, the proceedings of tiie recent meeting | in Savannah, which contemplates a union of j I Savannah and Augusta by means of a rail j road, but in doing so we are inclined to pro- 1 test against the confident manner in which a I continuous track is spoken of by the Savan nah Republican from Savannah to Athens, j Augusta is very willing to add to her facili ties of reaching an Atlantic port by means : i of additional rail roads, to supply the defies- j I ency which a precarious river navigation i offers. But we have strong reasons to doubt j ! whether her citizens arc willing to allow, j | her to be made a village by the wayside in i the vast trade which seeks an outlet from the j valley of the Mississippi lothe Atlantic ocean, j It will not be possible to establish a cun- ; I tinuoustrack from Athens to Savannah wilh -1 out the consent of the city of Augusta. We j feel fully authorized to asserts that this con sent will not be obtained. The city of Au gusta holds a commanding position at the of head Steam boat navigation, and offering the choice of two markets upon the Atlantic. ■ It must be the Depot of a large amount of | Western trade, independent of the cotton crop ; concentrating at this point. This commanding position, Augusta will not willingly yield, and this she would most ; effectually do by permitting a continuous i line of rail road to pass through her corpo- | rate limits from the seaboard to the moun- I | tains. | The cit izens of Augusta would bo pleased ■ ; with a more intimate connection with Sa- j vannah. They would be pleased to see a J rail road uniting tiie two cities. But such a • rail road must enter the corporate limits of | the city of Augusta, .subject to some impera- i five conditions that would be prescribed. ■ 1 One of those conditions would certainly be, ! i that there should not be a continuous line of | rail road through our city, connecting with | the Georgia rail road. This would be ad verse to the interests and the wishes nf our 1 I i citizens. It cannot therefore be accom- ; j ! i piished. ; If however the citizens of Savannah wi 11 take the necessary steps to complete a rai I j road to Waynesboro, from the Central rai! I I road, we doubt not that the citizens of Au gusta will meet them half way and devise means to unite with tin m. Aii effort is being m.ulo to con vict the Presi dent of precipitancy, in ordering the army forward j to Mataoiuras, upon the ground that the JVlexi j can President Herrera, though Gen. Arista pro ; posed to Gen. Taylor, that the two armies should I I abstain from the disputed territory between tiie i Nueces and the Rio Del Norte— that this propo- j sition was suppressed, and the army was, not- ; | withstanding, ordered to lake possession of the ; disputed territory. We will admit for the sake of argument, that | the proposition was actually made. \V e will stiii i insist that it was proper to lake possession ot that territory, n» (withstanding the proposition. No statesman duly appreciating Mtxuan perfidy could doubt the policy of taking a position which would enable us if necessary to enforce our rights. To await the delays of Mexican diplomacy upon , the coniines of the disj ured territory, would have j been susceptible ol two constructions—first a | doubt of the val dity of our claims ; and secondly J an implied contract to leave that claim to be dis posed of at the good will and pleasure of Mexico, who had already exhausted our patience by alter nate duplicity and bravado. CHRISTMAS GIFTS. Among the novelties ol the season, the Raffle ottered to the public by Bowdre & Clagelt claims a prominent place. We have been favored with a view of those three splendid dresses. They are offered to , ; the public in away that will come within tne reach of all. It is worth something even to take a look at such a display of taste. More elegant specimens of embroidery have proba bly never before been exhibited to a southern community. As the opportunity does not often occur to pay a compliment which will cost but little ’ compared to the elegance of the gift, we re ’ commend this Raffle to the special attention of our bachelor friends. > We presume too that the ladies whether married or single, will not willingly allow , such rare prizes to be borne off', without ma r ing an eftbrt to be represented op this trial of ■ -fortune. Brigadier General. —The Cheravv Gazette of the 1 oth inst., announces that Col. James Gadsden, President of the South Carolina Rail Road Company, has been appointed Brigadier General by the President of the United States. Gen. Gadsden is to take command of the Regiments of Volunteers from the States of Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina. Their Sans. —Major Van Bnren.son of the ex- Prvsi.lent, acted as aid to Gen. Taylor at the siege of Monterey. John C. Calhoun s son is aid to Major General Gaines. Henry Clay's son is Lieut. Colonel of a regiment of Kentucky volun teers. Daniel Webster’s son is Captain of a com pany of volunteers, and w ill be in Mexico soon. John J. Crittenden’s son is Captain in the new regiment of Mounted Riflemen.— Balt. Clipped. Nobly D~>ne. —We understand that the officers of our gallant little Navy attached to the Gulf iSuad ron have, with that magnanimity which is charac teristic of their profession, determined to present all the prize money due them to tHe widow of Lieut. Charles VV. Morris, who fell at the attack on Tubasco —A r . ¥■ Cour. 90“ Ii is a singular and affecting circumstance, confirmed by the latest visiter to the shore ol Fish er’s Island, uhe scene of the disastrous wreck of the steamer Allantic,) that ihe Bell of the Steam er still tolls over the scene of desolaiioit. The part of the w reck to which if is attached happened to lodge in such a position lhat ihe bell was sup ported out of the water, and at the motion bf every wave strikes twice, and so night and day toils on its doleful notes. Central America. —In Guatemala, the adminis tration of President Carrera is giving universal satisfaction. Under his fostering care the dor mant energies of the country are being revived, and its commerce extended, with the most flatter ing prospects and beneficial results. iV. (J. Delta. PEACE WITH MEXICO. A gentleman from Mexico well acquainted with the feeliui's of the people and the government, is now in this city, who stales that the Mexican Con gress will appoint commissioners this month to meet commissioners at Havana, or such point as may be mutually agreed upon, to negotiate a trea ty of peace. Although he is not prepared lo give the views of the Mexican government, \et he has no doubt that the negotiation will be entered into in good faith on their part, lie is deeply impress ed with the importance of the two millions asked fur by ihe President of the United States, and thinks that grant indispensable to an early peace, as the .Mexican government cannot relinquish their pretensions to the territory now in possession of the United Slates forces without a consideration in some shape or other, ills expected in Mexico lhat the dissensions of poiilical parties in the Uni ted States will result in great advantage lo Mexico, and confident hopes were entertained that our Congress would take the negotiations out of the hands of the President and compel the withdraw al of the American forces. It was understood that the first movement in our Congress would be an attack upon the President, if not an effort to im peach him, and in the language of the Mexican gen tleman alluded to, “a war between the Northern and Southern States of the North American Union on the question of admilt ng sla\ery into New Mexico and California, is considered unavoidable by the most in tel igent men in Mexico.” He ad mits that the present war has been of inestimable value to Mexico—that it has, in fact, preserved her nationality by uniting factions into a powerful party, and that in commencing it, Paredes was encouraged to hope fur European aid and hud di rect promises ofs>mpathy from influential persons in the United States. He denies, positively, that Santa Anna has any intention of assuming a dicta torship. Such are some of the views, expecta tions and feelings of tiie Mexican people, as given by a nature Mexican. —.V. Y- Sun, 14 th inst. « The following Resolutions were offered on the 17th inst in the luw'er House ot the South Caro lina Legislature by Mr. Yancey, agreed to and sent to the Senate foj concurrence, mz: Resolved, That the-Superintcndcnt of Public Works, be instructed to examine the obstructions made in the Savannsh River, by the luwit Goucil of the City ot Augusta, Georgia, ami to report thccharater ofthose abstractions and their effect upon the navigation of said River, In next session of this Lcgislature- R(salved further. That he do examine and report, at tiie same time, the character of the obstructions in the navigation of the said riv. r, from the point on said river, where the Town Council of Augusta. Georgia, have erected their canal d-in, to the town of Hamburg; the practi cability of their removal sous to improve the navi, gation b« tween suit! points; the ammount of mom y which would be necessary to effect such improv ement, the time now occupied by cotton boats in their descent, and the lime which would h«voc cupied if such improvements, as he may deem practicable were made. jfo MMEKCIinr latest dates FROM M vKtteool,noV- 18 LATEST OATES krom h a vit K,no v. lo A UGUSTA 51 ARK ET. Saturday night, Dec. 19. I<S46. COTTON.—The market continues active, and prices are now a foil jc. higher than those quoted in our report of last Tuesday night. SAVANNAH Dec. 18. — Colton. — Arrived sinco the I Jth inst, 10882 bales Upland ((>777 by Central Riil Road) and 128 bales Sea island, j and cleared in the same time, 4123 bales Upland and 141 bales Sea Island; leaving on hand, in cluding all on shipboard not cleared on the 18th I inst.. a stock of 4.997 bales Upland and fi<)4 bales : Sea Island, against 7789 bales Upland and 521 bales Sea Island at the same period last year. Thetolal receipts at this port, up to date, show a an increase of 41,(570 bales yver those of last year • up to same time* The receipts at all the jiorts up | to the latest dates received, show a falling off of 41,274 hales, the deficiency being at Mobile and New Orleans. The sales in this market during the week, sum up (i 837 hales, as follows: 34 at 8$ 7 at Bs, 31 %tBR 9 at 8 9-J.ti, 181 at B|, 3(15 at 8f 204 at Bs. 687 at 9, 738 at UR UJ97 at Up, h 2 at 9 5-IG, 893 at9|, 65 at 9 7-lb, 925 at 9R 252at9|; 1 444 at 9 J, 170 at 9|, 354 ul 10, and 50 hales at 10$ j cents. We alter quotations to conform to present | prices, and quote square bales, (round selling Jc, i less. ■ Inferior, —a Ordinary, a 9 Middling, 91 a 9| Middling Fair, 9| a 9| Fair to Good Fair, 9£ a 10 Good Fair, UR a 10* Freights- We quote toliverpool at |d, for square and | l-16d. for round. For Ha* re the ship Tamer lane has been taken upthis week at sc, for square I bales, and we understand a vessel has been en gaged at Charleston to come round and load for the same port at the same rate. Coastwise Freights are also without change. CHARLESTON, Dec. 18.— Gotten mar i ket since our hist has been very generally attended 1 bv purchasers, ami the week has been one oi con | siderable excitement. In our report of the 12ih i instant we remarked that the operations on the | preceding day had turned in favor ol tiie holder ; i and it will be recollected that we changed our ! figures at the lime lo correspond with this improve ment; since that period, however, a great deal of activity has prevailed, and the market has not only been stimulated, but prices have materially ad vanced. An active demand prevailed throughout Saturday last for the article, which resulted in the sale of upwards of 3155 bales, a large port ion of w hich was sold on even more stringent terms than were obtained at the close of the previous week. On Monday buyers were early in attendance, and when the day closed some 4300 bales were ascer tained to have been sold at an advance of 4 to |c. per lb. Although the operations of Tuesday were less extensive still thei ad vanned rates paid on the dav previous were fully sustained. During the last three days dealers have l>een actively engaged, and the prices current op Monday have been re-