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d>|nmidt it* Jlniihul. - AUGUSTA, G.V WBOftESDAY MOIIMVIJ, OCTOCEH I». We Always .’op *h« Che ,-. l£ * t- • a: t!,> »n<t oft.V-yr--*r. or i,*t , . f->: a a :,o'-.v ...h t: ri> ribcr willrft l.e routetathel*pu, >h-t if :-oo w. t >;oniin-j* it.lt ironiJ :.r well t-. r-r..-» your rulscription at t .tlif'i ne t* 'jclVe the tin* expire*. We earnin' -sofa, vcc.eer uuiurhe ' . .« L’-i’a ■« |irj*eata«lit:t<*. Weekly Kates.— Ibapr - « or r> V. at-. 7 fi :-;cvici.r 1 • U aiJi.Un. IUf»: : e ywr: " . rr-va:.r r,■ - ri** of cutt.'; .•t-o.fcit.oidrope, «»c. Irv -r v.. i t r. tner* c irst !i,f» 10 aru ri.arit, who eSumW buycveiy of aft’ • • usi • if»- .••if'-oMTuUnar co< • try. VV f wr* i! ! 1. _*r ,'f. - y »•#"!.'» v.iil Uiitßrtukc tobuv rtSf-t j maki. J • ;/:■ « a.• :: .... .k >uaf;:.*ci.. Ur* t A i i)\\ OSTIUM'. TSIB fcf ATI The Con vt’u lion lately it'Scnib’pd at Chicago, w u composed of ni'-n who earnestly desired to bring ti.r- war, that for more* than three years baa shaken this c.ntincnt,. to a close. They wore not insen.-il-b; to the claimsof their coun t.y. They desired to maintain its honor. They saw nnd comprehended tire magnitude cf tlte t.isk which they had Undertaken. A terrible war was raying. A corrupt administration was wielding the power ct the governm-nt in an effort to conquer lire Staler, ‘hat hail withdrawn from the ‘i hut govvruuioit was flu-ir government Its armies were in tbo tield. Us 11 ig limited ovc r them. Jbe tti-k to be ace; rn j fished was, to bring tire war to, a close by means perfectly consistent with loyally V> their tjoventnent. Tin y were utterly opposed to the Hdfflinistratioa at Washington, and it was their purpose >o prostrate that, while they upheld the honor of tbo government, and maintained their fidelity to the constitution. They wore exposed to the charge of opposing the govern, merit, because tliey denounced the administra tion. They were represented as disloyal, be t aline they condemned the war. And they were -charged with aiding and abetting thcTchellion. because they ed created measures whk.fi if ttdopted would not only weaken the onus up lilted to strike tbo South, but would hurl from their place* the men who inaugurated the war. 11 req'tired courage to execute the tack wfiich they had undertaken to accomplish. There are in every free Suite, those who turn upon the per eons of tiie n.'cn who rdmioistor the govern- ment, and who 11 ,'c ready io aceufco all who Op pose the administration, of disloyalty to the country. Especially is this true when the country is engaged in war. Imt there were men of courage in that body which so lately assembled at Ck'cago; men who "buhl despise the aspersions of the creatuns ot power.; of <the wretches, who iiopotent to se> e their coun try, cringe at the feet of those who for i he time are 1 bio to inward them. Those statesmen comprehended the trim interest amt glory <d ilicir ceuntry, 'i he)’ comprehended the tremen dous issues involved in the present contest; and they saw that nothing could save the coun try from ruin utter, hopeless ruin—but a speedy termination of the war. Therefore they denounced the war. Tliey denounced the administration, tiiat inaugura ted and conducted it. And they proposed ineaeuVea looking to a cetvaliou of hostilities, treasures which would onco more bring peaco to our now blooding and distracted land The measures proposed by the convention were statesmanlike, broad and philosophical. Tliey were framed with reference to tho chav actor of 1 he two governments conducting the war It was well known that these two governments actually possess no inherent powers ; that they are clothed with certain functions to be em ploye.! for tho bcuelit of the Stales tint con ferred them. 'They comprehended that the peo ple of the several States were the real parlies to the contest. That neither of the govern ments conducting tho war could settle n single question invc.lved in it. That they could not control the States by auy decision of their own. That tliey could uot even fix (liebound aries between iho United mid Confederate States. That tho United States could uot stipu late that Missouri, or Maryland, or Kentucky, or any part of Virginia sliPnhl belong to the one government or the other; for tlte simple reason, that tho two contending governments do not own one acre of the soil. Menards sit down and negotiate ; or they empower the'r uiulm.isadors to negotiate for them. They are masters of the situation They tiny give or take. A mountain range, a stream, or any Sinagiue.ry line may lie fixed on at; the bounda ry marking the limits ot the kingdom. Winn -Napoleon, and the Emperor of Russia, arid the King of Prussia wet -to confer ns te> the terms of Cation, their armies lay encamped with arms in their hands ; and the people who in habited tho 80i eral countries about whith those arbiters of fate carried on discussions gov creed by policy or ambition, were perfectly »i leut. The sovereigns agreed upon their own terms. Tlte boundaries of Prance might he enlarged to-morrow by an agreement between Louis Napoleon and the .Kiug of Prussia, that the Rhine should iienceforth mark tho limits between the tv.o realms. Hut tbo case is widely different when we cotno to consul -r tbo authority of the two gov ernment!, at this lirno conducting tho war up on this continent. Their powers are not com mensurate with tbo vast and various inter. involved in tho contest, torch a contest was not contemplated by those who trained the Consti tutions of the two governments. No satisfac tory or permanent adjustment of tho great quarrel can ever bo effected by them. It will be found to lie true whenever it is attempted it will bo remembered by statesmen tie quota ted with the history of the country, ghat when the subject of the North Eastern boundary came to I*3 settled between England and tho United States, i ommissiouers representing the JSUte of Maine took part in the negotiations.— It was esscuti.il that they should do so ; the Integrity of the State was involved in the dis cussion ; or part of its territory was the subject of the treaty about to l>3 concluded between lhe two governments. That Webster and Lord Ashburton might have understood each other : and the result of their negotiations might have been acceptable to their respective govern ments ; but nothing could be binding ’until the Etatect Maine bad uttered its decision in regard to the subject. There are other questions too besides tli.• question of boundaries, that must K- settled, questions which will affect the structure of the two government:. The subject, is one of vast magnitude. The questions to he disposed ot' will require the profonodast study ; and they j will demand the wisest statesmanship to edl just them njxm terms acceptable to the people <u' the several States. The great future is open ing befoto it*. So far as human foresight caudo no,the interests of tTiat future are lobe presided for. Insiitution-s admirably suited to States associated under a common government, may l>e very feeble for the protection of rights, ■when rival States are to be ranged side by side, to f'cek for cnqiire aud power in the wide expanding cycles of the boundless future. We do not hesitate to e&y, that great structural changes must be made in the two governments flat embraced States exhibiting conflicting - ! systems of industry, and civilization. The gov. ’ eminent of the United States waa fitted for the geographical position where it was reared We do uot for a moment believe that such a government can exist side by side with a rival government, separated from it only by on ideal bonn^cry. When tho present war ia brought to a termi nation, a perfect adjustment of all the ques tions a:T cling tho rights and the interests of the people or the several States, must be mode . The complex and momentous subjects to be disposed of will require thorough discussion, and they must l»! &ott!e i to the sitisfaction of trio people who in the order of Providence are to dwell Hide by side upon this continent. Tho •vbv roust end. It is utterly unsuited to the a-, eomplishmer.t of the object which it seeks to attain. On the part of the North, it is a mon strous crime committed against Christianity, cjv’dimtion, humanity, and freedom. It is a stupendous anachronism. It daikeus the nine teenth century. It throws a deeper shadow th iu uny eclipse over the advancing for.] t rue? es the human race." it wraps this con-' fluent in smoke from Stygian abysses. Nations accustomed to war in its ordinary phase, are appalled at this War. It must be class. On our part Jt is purely a defensive war. We cannot 1 u it. We van o aly resist. We can only ex hibit heroism. We cau only endure. But the seutlineul of the better class at the North be gins to exhibit signs of vigor. The most hope ful of all these sign? was the Convention at Ch'cago. it was the first star emerging from a storm swept sky, cheering in itself, and pro mbing the return of heavenly radiance-. Wo must meet the action of that body ia the right spirit We must incites! a disposition to sub mit the great questions involved in the war, to the forum indicated by them. it is beyond all question the only true coarse A Coovenlion of delegates representing the people of all the States, will be aide to discuss nil the questions affecting .their present and their future, as no other body can discuss them. They will understand each other. The result of (heir deliberations will be referred to the people of the several States and t‘'e State Coa volitions will ultimately settle the momentous questions which allect them. Why entrust to others, the mmagemant of questions which af fect tae States'.’ The ordinary subjects of dis agremeul between governments may be ad justed nud disposed of by commissioners representing the respective governments But this it no ordinary war. The questions involed iu it are uo ordinary questions. They can find ft satisfactory solution only when submitted to ft Convention composed of representatives of the real parties to the contest. Tbit is the Jorum. That is lhe inode. In that direction the light of hope gilds the horizon. Os the objections to this mode of settlement which occur to some who have written on the subject, we may say something hereafter. Tint CLOeitS OP THE CAMPAIGN. . Tills year's campaign draws rapidly to a close Soon its iast gun will !>e fired, and its last bat tle fought. In a lew weeks stern winter will lay his benumbing hand upon the armies of both belligerents, and hid them cease for a sea son the work of human butchery. Brief is the time which remains sor t the completion of the Herculean task of subjugating a great and gal lant people battling for liberty and indepen dence. Is there the slightest chance, the remotest pro bability, the faintest hope that Lincoln will Ue aide to consummate this year the gigantic chemg of conquest which lie has wickedly and madly undertaken to carry out ? 1 here is not. It is not written ia the book of fate, it is not iu the decrees oi.l’rovideuce that the year 1801 shall witness the extinguishment of the liberties and nationality of a people who have demonstrat ed their c apacity for self government and their right to independence by four years of unsur passed valor, and unequalled resistance to ty ranny. J t was Ilia boast of the vainglorious Grant that in a single campaign he would annihilate Ilia Southern armies and crush the rebellion.— This was hfe promise to Lincoln when he nfi ebu took the campaign. To enable him to ful' fill it. he was clothed with plenary powers. To accomplish it, he concentrated the forces North, he massed them in two great armies, hoping by the indie weight rjpd momentum of aggre g ited arid overwhelming brute force to over come the stubborn resistance of the South.— The experiment has been conducted oft a scale of gigantic preparation, in which tho utmost resources of the North have been brought to boar, and vff.th a reckless waste of human life, unexampled in the history of war. put thus fir ttie scheme has proved a stupendous fail ure. The Washington despot is farther from the accomplishment of his object than ever.— The close of ilie campaign witnesses the South; era armies inoie powerful and defiant than [at its commencement, and the Southern people more united and determined, if possible, than at ahy former period since the beginning of the wa r ' And yet iho infatuated North and her besot ted tyrant dreams ot completing the conquest of the South within the short remnant of the year which Is left to them to accomplish their insane purpose. Elated, putted up beyond measure by two indecisive triumphs amidst a dozen disastrous defeats, they vainly imagine that they will be able to accomplish in a few weeks what tliey have failed to achieve in four years of gigan tic aod unsuccessful war. This ii the wildest delusion that ever haunted a madman's brain. None but a people bliuded by inordinate vanity Air'd bloated with extrava gant self conceit, could possibly ontertain it for a m mieut. Why, this (rautic and infatuated people have scarcely begun to accomplish the Herculean task they have undertaken. Instead of nar rowing the limits of the rebellion by this year's operations, they have been extended. They have a larger field to subdue than they had at the commencement of the campaign. Arkan sas and Western Louisiana, have been wrested from them, and have to be reconquered. The rebellion has broken out a fresh in Missouri and the invincible and uuconqnerable Price dis putes its possession with ltosecrans and his l'atch militia. Our army at this moment re-. oc<. upies NOl tbern Georgia after being llanked eut of it by Sherman, and threatens to expe k the Federate from Atlanta with a fair pros pec of success. Richmond is not taken, nor likely to be taken. The gallant and glorious nrmy of Virginia, inspired by its great leader with un j yielding valor and stubbomess, still confront* Grant with unbroken ranks and defiant scorn, , and without the slightest idea of defeat, i How preposterous til? a the idea that with all j these multiplying »nJ insuperable obstacles in t heir way, the Yankees will be able this year to complete their job! Two years,—nay! ten of than, let alone two months, would not suffice for the accomplishment of such a task. It is i impracticable and impossille, and the popula -1 lion of the North will in the end find lliem . selves the worst disappointed people that ever ; cherished the wicked design of trampling upon | the rights and liberties of their neighbors, A BSEft'TKEtS-M. The 1 resident, in hU Macon speech, made the astounding announcement that two thirds of cur annv are sbsent, aod one third without lenvo. ihe latter part of this stateimqit is almost incredible. One third of our sol diers recreant t-o duty, and their country’s cause I The thought is appalling t 0 the .pa triot's heart. \v e cannot suppose that all, or even a large portion of'theso stie.gglers are skuikiag within our lines. tVere it true, the President, him seif, wou.d be highly censurable for permitting them thus to abandon their countxy'p fljg with impunity. Doubtless many who fail to an swer to the roll call, have been lost in battle or on the march, their fate unknown—tilling, it may l>e solitary and unknown graves, slee ling their last and dreamless sleep,, never more to start at the sound of the rev*;a!le ; never again to mingle in the carueval of death. Many more may have lagged behind as our armies have retreated, loth to bid, as they supposed, a last adiue to home and family. And many more we know have deserted to the enerrrv, re creant to country and to the sabred obligations of patriotism. But making due allowance for all these lasses, there are doubtless many who are lurk ing urn lines, loitering at their homes, having overstayed their furloughs. There is evi dently some great defect in the military policy of the army, some great lack of vigilance and energy in some quarter. It is the Presi dent’s business, as Commander-in-Chief of the army, to see to this. It is his duty to have this monstrous evil corrected. It strikes us as anomalous, that the Presi dent should in a public speech complain of this vast derelictio 1 of duty, ru the part of the Confederate soldiers, and call upon the people to correct it, when the remedy is in his own hands. It is undoubtedly the duty of every man and every woman to use all their influence in returning delinquents to tae army ; hut it is only the strong arm of military authority that can compel them to return, A more vigorous exertion of that authority, is what is required. Bayonets must cure and prevent this whole sale trifling with military duty. It may bs said that th« forces can not be sjiared from our already depleted armies, to hunt up and arrest this host of stragglers and deserters, scattered all over the Confederacy.— But Congress has placed at the disposal of the President in each Btase a large force of re serves, which he could employ in ridding the country of this scandal and disgrace. It can not be laid, therefore, that the President has not the power to correct the evil of which he complains. Tho responsibility of its contin uance must rest upon him. The country looks to him to enforce the discipline of the army, of which he by the Constitution is Commamler-in- Chief. It is a grey ions injustice to the bravo men who are true to their.duty, who remain at their posts with unfliuching valor arid fidelity bat tling for the Independence of tneir country, that this aiiny of skulkers should be permitted to go at large defying the authority of the na. tiou. It is a reproach to the government that permits it. If there be power in the country to bring these men back to their duty, it should be promptly ami energetically exerted. The very statement of the President of the vast extent of tho delinquency, unavoidably creates the painful impression that there has been, on (depart a want of diligence in pre venting it. In behalf of our itruggling armies which so much need all the men who can bo obtained, we have the right to call upon the President to use the force at his command to hunt up tho filraggleis who are infesting so many portions of the country. Our imperilled liberties and uationul existence, call for immediate correc tion of an evil which if suffered to progress would d'shan i our armies, and leave us a helpless prey to the invader. Thr Yellow Fever is Charleston .— Some people gay we weie too severe upon Charles ton officials, when speaking about the yellow fever in that place a few days since. For our own part, \ve dp not think we wera hqlf se vere enough. “Infamous' 1 is altogether too mild a word to use iu relation to parties who pursue a couise calculated to unnecessarily en danger the lives of thousands—yes, of tens of thousands; “infernal’’ would have been much more appropriate. The duty of the Charleston officials, as soon as the yellow fever made its ap pearance in tiiat place, was to have given notice of the fact; aud also to have taken steps to pre vent strangers from coming to the city until the danger was past. As matters now stand they have shown the most gross carelessness and criminal indifference, and deserve to be cen sured in a way that cannot be misunderstood Annexed is an extract from a letter written by an ol 1 resident of Charleston to a gentl e man io this city, jt shows that we Have not said too much about the health of the former place : The yellow fever i* master of the situation here—thanks to criminal laxity In the enforce njeut of quarantine laws. I Gave no means of nsceitaining the precise number of cases, but there are a great many sick and the disease js malignant and fatal. There lias been a large number of deaths—especially among the chil dren, of whom a greater number are attacked this season than during previous epidemics. pov. Brown, of Georgia, ever since the war began has been fighting the Administration.— Macon Confederate. Ever since ti e war commenced Gov. Brown has been lighting for the rights of the States and the liberty of the citizen. The history of the past proves this. It is not necessary for us to produce any evident to sustain this posi tion. * Now this war was started to defend and vin dicate the very principles which (he Executive of Georgia has bent every nerve to preserve from the aggressions of foes without and foes within. And if the above statement ot a Geor gia administration paper is correct, it certainly puts the Administration on a very bad plat form. Our contemporaries in their i Itorts to defend their patrons should be careful uot to place them in an unenviable light before the public. Destruction- by Frau ok tus Kaolin Works. - On Thursday night fire was discovered issuing from the engine room of the Southern Porce lain Factory, situated at Kaolin, six miles from Hamburg, S. C, in Edgeti-ld District. All the assistance at hand was unable to check the dames which rapidly spreading destroyed, with a trifling exception the entire works. This is a most serious and pnblie calamity, but we hope soon to chronicle ks successful ope ration again. The loss is e6timated.at.s2oo,ooo with an insurance of $25,000. Macon i Western lUllboab.— Trains run daily on the Macon it Western railroad as far as Griffin, and passengers can go up and back the same day, leaving Macon at 8:30, A. M. A correspondent of the South Carolinian re commends a trial of the common hop vine as a substitute for flax. Ki.ViSCIAb THIHJ.S AT 'ill!; WRKI’. The Chicago ami Ciricinuati papera of Thurs day Oct •! th, report the grand crash to have commenced in those cities. In Chicago, as soon as the banks opened, a run was com menced upon thorn, and a seme of iho wildest confusson ensued. Tho Chicago Tribune says: An effort was made by several institutions to seii Eastern exchange, and it was freely of fered on the streefcat tw o per cent, discount; but even at this discount, little or none could be disposed of, and it is doubtful ifmuch could have been sold at even rive pm cent, discount this is a r-.atore in money panics altogether un paral’fried hi the West. Never Ixribre was it found to be impossible to sell exchange on New York at a reasonable rate. Another singular feature of this monevSpanic is the fact that hitherto the main difficulty has been with the cunencv; and the effort made by the public was to get rid of it. N’ow it is the very opposite— the great rush i a io .. e t the cur rency. Every uccess. n the tvl |; tr ngihens lhe faith of the people in greenbacks '(here was a large attendance on ’Change on Monday, but, owing to the continuation ol the panic iu monetary affairs, very little bus iness was transacted. There was‘a strong ef fort on the part of the holders, through trok eiv. to realize; but as all checks were refused and currency very scarce, the transactions in produce were of a trifling character. Those of our shippers and grain dealers who hail orders to huy, ami who had large balances in bank, very generously refused to cheek them out’ an t telegraphed-their corierpoirteats that in the present state of affairs they could not fill their orders. As for the speculators, they were entirely out of the market. Not a dollar could be had at any of the discount houses, and even the “slient-per-ehent” gentlemen, who gener ally reap a rich harvest in times like these wore complete)y run out. They had no money’ and their checks were not worth mere than the paper which they were written on to buy provisions with to-day. J Taking it altogether, it was the most re markiiic seen in the commercial his tory of our cily. Iu no previous panic has money been so scarce that it could not be had at some price; but to day neither hankers nor moist-y brokers and “shavers’ ’ had a dollar to lend. Eastern exchange was offered a large discount. United States Übnds Illinois bonds ali were offered at a heavy discount for “green backs,” but all to no purpose. Os course, in such a state of oftairs, the markets were al most completely at a stand still, and the quo tat ions named can scarcely lie slid to give a fair criterion ot values. 1 io Cincinnati Times savs: Speculation fur the present is crust red, ,»nd the business has been reduced to the very low est legitimate-standard. In this stato of affairs the mercantile demand for money is compara tively ligat, of course; tout stilt, as renrarked, there is, owing to the extreme caution of lend ers, an excess of demand. Capitalists find in Government securities ample and profitable employment for their means, and these invest ments they prefer to business paper—first, be cause they are deemed safest; and second, be cause they can be quickly converted into green backs. We are now in a commercial crisis, resulting from the leveling process, caused by the de cline in gold ; and if the latter should prove permanent, as we believe it will, business-must be adjusted to tire new standard. This will wipe outoi portion ot profits previously acquir ed ; but it will break only those who have ex panded too largely upon margins. When the storm bio-vs over, as it soon will, few prudent men- will be found among the wreck. Os the reckless speculators in goid, sterling, stocks and produce that may tall, all we |i-, ve t > say is, that it would be well if the whole tribe should bo wiped out and utterly crushed. Government Deim's to i;e Settled ey Cer tificates of i.NDEnrEDNErs.— As tliq debts against the aggre gate, and long since due, ia to many persons, much anxiety exjßT as to the manner and time of settlement. We now have it in our power to give the desired information, from the Montgomery Appeal: A semi-official statement explains that these certificates can only he used in the payment of debts contracted since the passage of the Currency Act of February 17, 1804, and they bear six per cent, per unu®n interest, payable semi- annually, and are by the Act exempted from taxation either iu principle or interest. these certificates are trunsterable hy endorse »ment, and cau be used iu payment of indebt edness between individuals.with this advantage over treasury notes: They bear Interest and are exempt from taxation. These two causes should give them a premi um over the treasury notes, as the latter may be again, as heretofore, heavily taxed. The certificate is constantly accumulating in in terest, whether intended as a permanent invest ment, or to be temporally held, to discharge larger obligations- With these certificates ia posession to pay an interest bearing debt, to mature hereafter, the interest of one accumu lates as does the other. Not so with the treas ury notes; they are unproductive capital as re tained without use. The difference between the Treasury notes and the certificates Is that each are payable to the holder two years after a ratification of a treaty ol peace, the-certifica!e bearing six per cent, per annum interest, the Treasury notes bearing nc interest. These certificates with these advantages over currency will be sought after by capitalists at homcj and abuoad, «* a permanent investment, i.o;- will lii-y have the same tendency.ludepreciate as Treasury notes, the interest being payable in currency in cir culating on at ihe i.-ne it matures, As long as creditors lipids his certified accounts praisement for property taken by the Oovern rnent he loses the interest, and it is better tor tlje creditor to liquidate his claim as soon as the Government presents the opportunity. The Cunencv Bill leaves it discretionary rvith the creditor either to accept tho certifi cate or indebtedness or to.reject it. ft is the inference tiiat thesis certificates will be issued in hundreds, and its multiple.up to thousands, but not in fractional parts of hun dred!- will bo paid in currency. Handsome Success in*Wkstebn Virginia.— The Abingdon Virginian says that Oolbnpl Witcher has just returned to Greenbrier county from a very successful expedition into North western Virginia, the result of .which is as fol lows, from authority that may be dcjiended upon ; He hioimlit out four hundred horses aud over tw j Andred fine cuttle, lie captured Builtown, Jacksonville, Weston, Buchanan und Malkersrilio. At Westover lie destroyed a large amount of all kinds of stores. At Bitch unau be captured Major Long, of the Third Yankee \ iigiuiu cavalry, of Aveiill’a brigade, with one hundred men and horses and equip ments complete, besides the Quartet master building, containing one thousand bushels of shelled oats end at least ?1 <*oo,ooo worth of quartermaster, commissary aud medical stores, one thousand stand of smq 1 arms and equip ments. lie also destroyed the telegraph office and brought away the instruments. He also captured the bank at Weston, with upwards of $5,003 in all kinds of funds, which wiU be turned over to the Confederate Government. He captured in all about three hundred pris oners, and broke up the home guard organiza tion everywhere he went, and has returned without the loss of a man, but has brought out 6ome recruits. Lieutenant-Colonel Witcher had nothing but a small battalion. Reconstruction. —This has grown to be the watchword among demagogues. It is used to impart an obnoxious odor to all movements toward securing a peace. Let conservative men be on the alert, and suffer no dust to lie thrown into their eyes. Reconstruction is sim ply impossible under any set of imaginable cir cumstaoces. Neiiher th- advocates of free government in the North or the South can, consistently, give their sanction to coercion, or a union ot the States by foice, since this would be to yield the great point in the controversy There are but two parties in the area covered by*the late United States ; oue is for a consoli dated government, the ether for States rights, and a league between them as coequal sove reigns. usually denominated a confederation, and necessarily Laving just such a constitution as we adopted imwediateltafter the act of se cession —Selma. Reporter, Fokkion CVrr>\' firm,'-. The l.ri r. 1 < Journal of .Sept 1<» speaks thus ot the foreign colton sup: 1 : • I leaving American politics out of .1! .-itia'don. there remains the cotton question. We 1 have large remittances to make to. Egyp , i;u . key. ami India; but their amount w ■: _be -. 1 more than last yea#if .us much. We caul! p ; very little more cotton from them, whereas ■■■ .■■■ shail send them a much greater quantity <■ manufactures, and it is most likely that wr shall pay them less fi r their cotton, w’ei.e they will have to pay us more for our good’. the margin between raw and man id ac hired cot ton has been much wider this year than last. Though cur imports of cotton from Chin •. during the first six months of the year shoved an increase of £‘2,77(5,000, our impoits of tea and silk from the sam.- source, in the same time, fell off £1.800,000, while our shipments of cotton varn, ice , goods showed an iucreae of nearly AttOO, 000 The total inciyaso in our imports of alt kinds of produce from Egypt amt Turkey, during the same period was .*> miiM ■t. and the total inciease in our exports ci.'iju. 000. With the Brazils the increase is about tire same on both sides of the account, showing a balance yet due to thiscountry. if weave tode rive any profit from our trade. With India the trade ol the six months was as follows com pared with the figures of 1802 and 18(1:; : IMPOSTS. KXt’OBTS 1-804 ii'20,5013,000 TO,-000,000 iso:: 14.200,000 7 o.'>o.o<m 1802 8,17(1.000 (1,970 000 Increase of 1 *0 1 over lhfjfi t; ;so;),ooo l.mn.ocm Increase of 1863 over 1802 6,024,000 583,000 Whatever else may be said of fhese figures, at all events they siftiw that our trade is ia no I worse position*han it was a year ago. Tho Paris Moniteur savs the cotton crisis Is well nigh passed, and that Ceylon, Algeria, Guiana and the West ludies will soon produce cotton for France, Ms. Boyce's Letter.—This somewhat singu lar document cannot fail to arrest 'the atten tion of the reader. And yet why should it be thought singular that a man of Mr. Boyce’s learning and high official position, should have the boldness to state on paper, and over his own proper signatures great truths which must have already occured to every man of intelli gence and calm reflection? Why'shonld we open our eyes and stare in blank astonishment, be cause wu find a man who can give expression to thoughts common to us all, and who lias the independence to advocate a measure of pub lic policy which cur common sense suggests as both wise and expedient .' The readers of this journal will recognise no new doctrine in the able expose of the political “situation” con tained iu this letter. Nearly twelve mouths ago—long perhaps before the public mind was prepared for it-—we endeavored to point out the nature of tiie issue, aud tbo only practical method of settlement. Our position was great ly miaundeif food hy some, and (shamefully misrepresented by others; but we accomplished tiie object contemplated, and cau weil afford to forgive the past and look to the future. There is but one mode of settlement left to us whereby we may secure a permanent peace, and perpetuate those inestimable tights of man so dear to the American peonle. We should bo calm and dispassionate, determined yet ration al; and endeavor to profit by tbo severe t.\ perience of these unfortunate republics ia oth er ages which sacrifice civil liberty upon the red altar of national ambition.—< dliim'jus Sn?t. Our Wounded ox the Richmond and Peters burg Lines.— The comparative small loss siu tained by General Lee s army in the lighting on the Sines defending Richmond and Peters burg commencing on tho 28th of September, has been a m liter of some surprise and gratifying comm-nt. The following exhibit, complied from the records oft be Seabvook Re ceiving Hospital, through which nearly all of the wounded have passed, gives the number re ceived on each day, from the,2Bth of Septem ber the 7th of October,, inclusive: Admitted, September 28, 84; September 29, 108; Septem ber .TO, 60; October 1, 381; October 2, 203; Oc tober 3, Go; October 4, 22; October 5. 53; Oclo 6, 62; October 7, 221. Total, 1,331. Os this number twenty-live died within the dates spe cified, before removed to other hospitals, which is a remarkably small per eentage, Several hundred of the more severely woun ded on tho Petersburg lines are yot cared lor in lhe hospitals U&ar that city, which will proba bly bring our wounded up to iiiteeu hundred in the engagements from the 28th ultimo up to the 7th instant. It is a maxim that “figures won’t lie” unless tampered with, and therefore, according to the published reports of his own surgeons Grant has lost five men wounded to our one, with an average proportion killed, which is about one to five wounded, to say nothing of fho three or four thousand prison ers fie has lost iu the same engagements. A Home for Refuoeis.—Vv’o loam through Gen. Ira R. Foster, of this Slate, and Mayor Collins of this city, that they have succeeded in procuring comfortable quarters tor all tiio -e who have been made destitute by tie wav, at Dawson, Terrell county, in this State. Every arrangement necessary to the well being cf the unfortunate, has been perfected a* that point, and it only remains for such as have riot al ready availed themselves of tho benevolent ar ragement, to come forward and report them selves to Mayor Collins, of this city, who will provide them with transportation to this point The State of Georgia is amply able to provide for har homeless citizens, and from our knowl edge of the geutlemeu in charge of this enter prise, wc assure them that no means necessary to llieir comfort and happiness will be with held. No sense of false pride should induce any one tu deny themselves the blessings of such a well ordained iiirangemetft. Tiie State pro pones to furnish every needed comfort, as well as the me»is of industry, and the institution wilnifi made to conform strictly to a high sense of morality and religion iu every respect. The winter js fast approaching, and will lie im possible make provision for the destitute whilst they are scattered over the country, in audition to whk-Wthe means contributed to their relief in this city, as well as in other will be expended enjointly with that of tho State at the above named. —Macon Telegraph. Convention ok the States,— We d-- not feel in the humor to write long editorials. This 1b not the time for words. It is idle to speak to the whirlwind. What we need ut present is military success. That will come ere long. Lei the slorin rage; it will spend its fury in due time and then men will begin to reason. We only desire ia this brief paragraph to put on record the prediction (which we have perhaps made before ) that when peace does come, it will not through Mr. Lincoln, nor by the sword, nor by negotiations between the two Federal Republics; but through a convention of all tlie States. A change of rulers at the North will bring a change of policy. Stale Rights, State Sovereignty, will -become the basis of settlement. A general convocation of States in council would be the highest acifliowl edgeraent of State Rights. Each State'must be allowed to decide, through tire ballot box, what relations she will sustain to the Noil',ern or Southern Confederacy. This is the ‘only rational mode of settlement, and it will ulti mately come' to this. And why should wo' seek to defer it? Are not our people “sound" on the question of independence? Can we not trust them? Then why object to a armistice and a convention, such as will be prepared by the party represented by MeCleilan and Pendleton. —Columbus Sun. Up the Ro,\ and —Within the past week a num ber of Yankee prisoners have passed through our city on route to some point below, this. Many of them were captured while out foraging in the vicinity of Stone Mountain. A party of sixteen—the advance picket line, including a Lieufenapt who was in command, were captured on Thursday near Decatur and were brought in Friday morning. ... We learn that the Yanks have drawn m t.ieir lines of pickets, which formerly .extended east of Decatur to a line somewhere mar the Roll ing miliH on the Georgia Railroad, some four and a half miles west id Decatur. In fact, our hcoute venture as near to Atlanta.as t-he KoJl in** mills— amTa few day« since one of- our scouts captured aud brought out two mules from the last named place.— tovington Advo cate. Gov. Milton of Fla., who is now in the west ern part of the State, has ordered all the State troupe west of Madison, to proceed to ClAttahoochee. l ij l &APH. nurthehn news In the engagement r-! Septeu;' >. Pear t-q ui.rol Level, the Fi.lends acknowledge a ; - ;>< 3. . killed, wounded &ad prisoners— ! more than ha if were prisoners. Ear, TffA r.r*'i at Fortress Monroe on the -ML, nu and proceeded up the J,ir.,e -. River. * Guern L’as captured two trains of cars on the Nashville Road, between Richland and’ Foun tain Head, tin the night of th- 3J, and burned nineteen cars'; Accounts ft 'omMLs-'niri stale (hat Gen. Price is moving or. .’Jolla? wi.ii three columns - t!:-.> right under Sh. slby and 'Maijiiaduke, the can tre under liiurssi ft am I the toss, hn ter 4’uo;n-r, the latter being 1 omposed inaiiny of half hrmi Indians. it js said that Price’s ol jeet in taking Jef ferson City is to inaugurate a rebel Governor in Missouri. Andy Johnson In* c'trib and 1 ut the militia to resist Uie invasion of rih*‘ icbels. ■ It is reported that the New Yn:V steam: r Roanoke was cc-ptured at sea by the udiehi, who embarked nv Havana, as passengers. Nashville duties of the 4 Tr say Forrest, alter distroying the Alabama a u'd Term. Railroad n-ivaec-.-J to llfcick R'vei- an 4 ton te;..‘.< U! I- aiaj went towards ’Florence. Guerrilla bunds are rumor jus around Nash ville, capturing comm is: nry .and forage train.-, disabling wagons, mhl earn irfe off mules. Two upward freight train.'! Vi-Te captured between Nashville and Lrmisv Th:. Telegraphic commuvdc.ition is opened to Chattanooga,. A large-force is at work on 11. e Ala. ail’d • Tenn. Road, and cars will be running to Fu laski wilkin a week, and the telegraph work ing to Athens. Passengers from Chattanooga report that, a portion of Forrests’forces had di mauded the surrender of Dalton. New V'oik is preparing a grand ovation lo Capt. Winston of the Keuvsage. Two hundred of our men who asi.isteri in Crawford county in Indiana, io resist ttodraft, were being-reinfotresd from adjoining counties in Kentucky. INTERESTING FROM MISSOURI. A special di.spaf ch to iho Advertiser dated Senatobia the Iftii. says the Motnphis Argus of the *t!i contains Missouri dates to tiie •> !>. Price advanced with three ooliNv.ns, includ ing Marmadtiktt’u force of -866, and Shelby’s of I ->(10. Price ; -N il li the main column* Shelby s iorcc took a northerly route, ctnera* ting on the railroad, which was greatly damaged, cspacialy tine Sou'thwajtern branch was tom up in many p laces. • The cars, depot- bfidg s, ti juries and tanks were burned. _ . At last accounts Price was between tire South branch and the main .Pacific Road, with q train of 200 wagons. ' A. J. Smith was ot Franklin. All quiet at Jefferson -City, although tele graphic communication was cut off’. .Ewing is reported arrived at Kolia with eigli ty men of the Pilot Knob garrb ps . Various rumors prefail. ’ The Confederates are moving -with great rapidity. . The amount of damage to tbo ‘Pacific Rail road amounted io three huiuired Ihousr.nd dol lars ; prospective loss cf bwsi; telis tiie same amount. OFFICIAL . DISPATCHES FRO II GEN. LEE. ‘TIEADqUARTKKS ARM Y NORTHERN 'VIIUiIMA, I “Oc tober 4. “lion. Secretary of War :* “General Breckinridge reports that the ene my attacked SaUvilte on the 3d instant, and received a bloody repulse. “They retired during the night iu great con fusion, apparently in the direction; of Sandy river, leaving most of their dead a.ad wounded in our hands. ‘rile is pursuing thorn. “All of oar troops bdhuveu veil. “R. E. Lee.” llE.»nqrxßTEi:-s, Oris. 13th, *7 M, This morning tlte enemy enfieavbred to sil rance*between the Darbytown, and Chillies City road, but was repulsed i:i every attempt. Moststrenurous efforts wera made about.-1 o’clock P. M.;after which lie withdrew, leaving many dead. Our losq very slight. Breckinridge reports that a ton e of tin cue-, my that came near Greenville on the 12th Inst, were defeated by Brig. Gen. Vaughn, l-./iue prisoners, two stands of colors, and many hor ses, and arms were captured. The enemy lost many in killed and wound ed. Our less slight. (Signed) R. E. Lie, Gen. FROM FORREST’S COMMAND.. Gen. Forrest telegraphs Gun. Taylor from Corinth, Oct. 12, that Coi. Kelley's iqiecesa on the 11th waj complete. He surprised the eifiy mv, capturing three guns, twenty-live prison era, and thirty horses. About.two hundred were drowned in attempting to re embark ofi the boats. Our first .shot penetrated the boiler of the' boat, and many were scalded or burned to death. The boats have gone down ihe river. SKIRMISH AND AID TORY AT SALEM. Official despatches recevied .it the war de‘ partment state.-; that the enemy one thousand strong advanced up the Matrass;-, Gap road on the 4th with cars loaded with material, and occupied Satan and ltectortown. Mo.sby at tacked them at Salem, capturing fifty prisoners all their camp equipage,j baggage, stores He killed ami wounded a considerable number of the enemy; only two of his command were wounded. DISPATCHES FROM GEN. BRECKINRIDGE. Official dispatches from Gen. Breckinridge state that a portion of-the enemy’s cavalry, after a slight resistance, has In-on driven hick from Kiogspirt toward:-. Roger.-villc, and now there is go enemy this sid4 of .Jonesboro. YANKEE CAVALRY DRIVEN RACK. An official dispatch received at the war de partment says Sheridan is -'ill moving down the Valley. A large farce of Ids cavalry was attacked by us on the 7th and handsomely driven back. We ca; lured a number o'' horses several ambulances, wagons, nine foi age wag ons * with teams ami fifty prisoners, besides killing and wounding-a number. Gov. Disowns Cokmuxs'ati-n in i-pTy to Gen Sherman’s proposition for a pence confer ence, which we have published, is nsai ked by the prompt, open and energetic character ot the man.’ We di-cover in it no mint of disloy alty to the Confederate government; no remark taken in it--evident xd ferce which shows that Gcv. Brown is ready for tin* r*con struction of the old govern rm nt, as ha.- been charged, and least, of all that he or G orgia is ready to viola'e or ignore their pie- yes to the States of the .south or to the Coni* (leracy. Jo all these respects, he tak-.-j a- high ground as the most indent friends of the cause .could < : e sire. Hence *• e iniiiutti- n that he is looMng to reconstruction a- a prelerable event as at aU desirable or possible hi our present ciicuustan t-ts is unfounded— Ralebjh Confederate. I , V’ n! r,?t nn: Nu-irobs.—Weun -.r' ‘roman authority which wo re-ar t riiei. Gi“--i , f m '" r<NH Hnd them iu P-Vt -V; 1 : by a circle of Chi.;. ■Xwtc,'° :w ,a ‘ rodweU »n before tiie ! fix toil propps-.-s : ' ofS.Sp C »^ l ‘?« bodied <u-gr,,s 1 ' ua I,le »S«s of IS afid 45, brigKdc°s imftefi.'-isioni 8 fov , ce i:ito ri 'd‘nn:ik. thG, r (u,ri^yrSl.a. to#n “ asr^-. r }, If GssinneJ by tho iriend. ot this meam-e h. 1.. i!« passago will at once supply two hie red and titty 1 1:,n-sh u-aop.- tint r " ;lv " rr 'be no, ,-. R, | o v ua ~x t. , £ j a, . ixisteni; eoiwcnpiiM-y liipiU a, a t « es , ! 1 . ;b 'be < nlynioans ot immediate t,ltef-i). ~ 6. IGsMhhle as:,,, exjiedient-tl.at it wM popular abroad, mid that, iu short, it will or sure a imcttesriulr,.pulse to the swolen aruiii i cl Iho North next spnug. Tho biil will tie presented' to tlie House bv i-' -’eoi tjie most eloquent and inJuenlial of iu r. -m' c.s.ainl is likely to form a prornW aie-i in too debiiies ot tjmii ,X tern affairs. t-'ruAii Case.— Acorfepondent of theColuic hW Guardian ray.- it i; neceHsary to grind “ u ., tiiWilitnese Sugar Ih.fmcdiaft-iy ujiea t.wt.ing u dav.u. !,. ia the g< ncraljy tewivtit opiu.o.i Li.it tut) cane he grouud up fyou alter it is cut, qv it will bot easwef the imr po-eet mailing molasses. But experjoumt lm; s-nowu that :i tie- eaua.i.r cut mat placed i»der cover and phu-i.d in an upright pgitiou »> tbatftbeair.can eiruiiate through if, ft wfll kt*-. 6-r months, and at (he <-nd i.f Bevetal uKmft' it can he ground up and will m ike very ntur as much mo!a-;;'s a-; if ;t had been ground nu when first cut. This statement R ' made be cause there is an immense crop of it, and thai7> will he very great difficulty in finding mil? sufficient to grind if. HahkasOorivsC.ise.-4A iiahihw, corpus sase involving two important points was heard bur. fore Judge Hook yesterday, ’i hese points wertv Ist, T ho relators had made application tor ex emption as planters, and as. the exemption hijd not been granted, they were claimed us mil ilia men under Gov. Brown's proclamation. T'he.v- C' l’hcd that they were oulv furlongliedvcou acripls, and therefore not liable lomiH'ri.x duG. Oil this pout they were sustained by the Judge. They claimed that while awaiting their ex emption they joined a local company in this l ily, and intend to combine in su<-h company if exempt from coiiserij-uon. end therefore are not liable to militia service, aitkcaigh they joined said local company since the Governor’s proclamation. This point lias not vet beou do oiiled. COMMERCIAL • . AUGUSTA ftIAHHUTH. Weekly Report Oct. 17. P. IU, S' in ancia -Goid 825 for one ; si ver, 23 for one; Sterling exchange s2l ; Bank. 1 notes -2a4 ; Confederate Bonds, 8 per cent., long date, into 20; do. short date, par; 7 per cent, bonds, 7SaBO; 6 per cent, bonds. 70<i73; Cotton loan bonds 1.75; 7 per qerit Georgia bonds old 600 ; 7,'00s 70a73 ; Colum bia A Hamburg R R 10. Cottony—Market quiet ; Middling to good Middling 1,00a1.20. Domestics. —We quote domestics as follows : t shilling 2 25 ; J sheeting 2,75 ; 4-4 sheet ing, $3 25; osnablirgs, 1)3 25; yarns, $33 to 35 per bunch. Market stiff ; goods scarce. Flour. —$200a250 per bbl. Grain.— $20a25 per bushel ; Corn, iu the ear, from wagons, 812,50a 13 peas, sl2a 11 ; rye, $12,00; barley, $10.00; oats s7aß. Ghockbik*, i’am'iriroxH, Ac.— Bacon, Si',soas oof tea, sl2 GO per pound; rice 40a50c ; sugar 6a3; salt,— const 50c55; V.i., Goc6s; Liverpool 90c ; uobe.cco, dull; lard ‘f.3..77a4; Molasses, N.'Orlcans, none; Florida S2Da!&,OO; lOall whisky s4oaf!s pr gal; brandy $65a70 pc gal; bagging s9alo; bar soap $1.75a2 ; cottsni ropes4as ; nails $2,50; corn meal $14a15 per bush; fodder 10 to sl2 per ctvL; diuoka 8 to l,i) |n*i cwt ; country hay <l2 ; I allow 4 5,0,5 per lb; Caudb s 6a,650 per lb. by box; Tdsrcbhic oil $lO per gai retail; black pepper 10,00 per lb; Tea 30 per lb.;! Iron, Swedes, l.Ud; lA eavli. soda, 4a6; starch 300 ; drv hides f,5aC pc ill. ' ’- . Cm sittx Produce.— (Stood Beef, 150pcrlbn«tt; country beef,, lal.oO per lb ncli; poik, 1.50 per lb gios<; fS’n<-i ’» sls to 00 per bead; kid 2,u'l per Hr, chickens, $5aS each; tur- . keys none; eg-gu, $3,50;t4,00 par doz; butler, $8 (i-i-h. nohifmw, $15u20 per bushqj. "Sweet potatoes 810 per bush. \«*uro hiftlpy. At a late nuclion rule of C. V. Walker & Cp., iu this city on Thursday tho annexed price* were obtained a gill ten yoais old, $3500 ; a man (billy live years uid, SSOOO ; a man forty five years old, $8500; At a late auction rale in Charleston, the an nexed pricAs were obtained: A negro woman washer and ironer, .aged fhiily-uine, sf,ioil; a girl twelve years old, $1,000;'a girl faiutem' years old, $0,050; a girl sixteen yevs old, ss,- IGO; a girl eighteen years c-ld,- a fimi.e serv ant and seam.-.lrcss, $7,050. At a lute negro sale in Macon, a negro lx// sixlecn years old sold for lorty-livo iiuudrcii dollars. . At a late auction sale in Columbus, one wo man and three children brought $6,125; one bay eighteen year.; old 83,600; one'bladkyinilh $8,500. , The English Tcbaeco.Market. The quantity of unmanufactured tobacco im ported info the United Kingdom Tr> the mouths ending June 20, 1864, was ]l«, The'quantity imported during tire same, period i-i the year 1863 vnis. 12.1)23,357 lbs.* and during the same period in 1862-only T.ftfll. 301) lbs. The quantity of manufacture tobacco is greatly on the increase, owing to the red-sfi; turn of the duty. During the six months euii ing June 3.0; 1861, Che supplies were 3.02 W2t> bs., ns compared' with 1,222.593. lbs. iu 13SB8, and 553,803 lbs. in 1-342. It is scarcely uaeer-t --to point out that the .- >.j ill import, of-un manufactured tobacco in 18C3 war caused by the American war. Lberpoei Cotton Alai k«-t. The-sales of cotton tor tlie week foot up 374)00 bales. The market was »-i?ty irregular anil dull, and prices had declined “aid. for American and U, i3i tor oilier descriptions, i he eales to speculators were 5,500 bales, and to exporters 15,500. The sales on the day of the sailing of the steamer were 5,000 bales, the market closing unchanged. * The following ant the authorized quotations : Orleans, fair, : 291,d. Mi Idllijg, : : 27-Jtl. Mobile, fair, : 'I'S and. Mi Idling, : S£|jl. Uplands, lair, : 2N : , !. Middling,, f : Ad. The stock in port is 391,000 bales, ot which 3.500 are. American. __________ H A TKi). w,-k IV ' V T <■ .re. . V^'lfifa*l P 'v4i* t 0 "" 170 OKI KX EKTKMT. AllAllVrSl’itA'ltm’SSALK. « 11,1, So *.!'• at ll,e Court IlmtAlr: «r. : rti»*Vro, njdr- a, l-r of -lx- Cos .-t ' f Ordinary, a lot of I»'i i*i/t lie iinntr r.' li rmo - ad|„inte« Pouifau, and olbtrs <cm * ir-. ar.-’i alt of jftM Jtitv >t TJ. Terms u. I:, IIALU *“ Ai - iV!I K 1 ST rITKi X SiLkl &"Zl : -1' •-•■u.-nt-.. • -vceri the mna- ho-’. ?o: .-.u.’p, on the far** TCgg-* D Y ia December nv t, the foiiawiMg p.operty. V ■v.W: (168) seven bui.orfd itrnl sixty thrte RureK' 1 land vtk.redr * oil) -alt.:, rr-pirtylielongaig totn-cutateoi JAMKS O. s.ima-rs, late 0.-aid county d,-Tetms on ti<- day ■t OATH EKi.NK DUNN. $ * l.atrix o) Jamei, Jj. hanaie'j, dee il '<’ * Cwi2 3d T - ul oEUii'/' . WlilKkfs cOU.MV. ~ i7 tta-, i na- -eeu repre-eriU-d to ir-c, tint the estate >1 I'lioir,; . -I. Wall i-unrej-'e-o-im-d : Tii «an there' re, t .ei.d adinoi.ii-h a)’ and sineuhr, tk •. n-l. edit- r .- i.i .--id deii-af-I.po and lappwr at' :,|> I,IS on ~r lienee He- a rut JJoudasy in Kovender next. rli a . , f any ikfy wLvtbeadin'nislratirm o mi l 1-3,1 -li- did ,A ■■ ..-,-1 in the Sheriff of Wilke, eou rr oi m- m- tror tii a>„.-eoner |,. r-n .. <i vet, ttte-er my kind aud oltkialsum tute, at Waniiui-to-i r- 0.0. .NOiIMAN, • “ fl OtiU.inryi ioU'ii,'>.'JUll,liiuK.-A.Mil ithPirUCrt • ■ s V?- ,£ , !r, l';V t<d t' ! " **'*’<■ of Kill,'r Ers>k»rde • • ,orr. dk.--; ( c.ni iy. will ina-.e imnediate payment to it,.; -m -r.-ianed-.il .Ir pHv.tlf .-diiii a.ain.tt eaid e.t-'re w . [.reaent ti.-m attet.ed, yviiliin the time pneserikid h» irKM. BOOKER, octlthwld i.ir,uu,r,