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'i' /: ■ N S*. MOUSE. IS. THE WEEKLY CIIIIONH LE A BEMTIIVKL * IBPUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY THREEMO.VTHS £6OO HI * MOV! U* if IS DU AI.WAV'*- I’ \ .VANCK WEEKLY YUVLHi'IHI.Mi KATKfe. o«ouiAßt ,vov*BTiߣsir.sTM>abiiL.ht<l intlid Week ;we barge one dollar aline e.oeh i ert'n.n . S r eniAL WoTicg* willbeehargctf one dollar atU twenty 8 recenta al in ef or earlii inert ion . ( utuiii,uiuii ind r‘u.nm, NoTicxe five dollars each. jairtTAUT Nui loasonc dollar per Hr e or ni. Insertion • Uhe D-iiiy s< «* r< ? -••r. b lifted Daily and Wee kly- • < < > • > c• -r *» AFRICA* SL , Y r-li V This war, with nil i'-t uUv uiaiit honors, is tliH lugiUMte result ol nl agitation. Tt ere were, it id true, other causm of (iissatlstaciou *nil other elements of discord that served to disquiet, the p.rejlic mind ; but any or alt of these was wiioily iuadeq ute to sever the burnt of brotherhood wnica tor more ttuu seventy years had united the Nurtti- and South. To rid ourselves forever of tms vexatious coniro versy, was our’prime iudueem at to secession i ado to preserve and perpetuate our present mi ciai system was tiio paramount object ot that Buffering and sacrifice which has mariicd uv ry page of this eveuilul struggle. hour weary years have elapsed—eur elites have been pillaged and ; >llllll to tushes- our gallant country men oy thousands have fa.Tr.u by the sword or L-uilet, or polished by din* use in the hospital—our women are widowed and childless , and now identical men wfi* clauiorcd loudest fui re cession, gLively propose to abanduu the vai> rbj ci ot which the revo lution was inaugurated, and nas been liblwito stoutly maintained by the sot iery of the tie public. Bome ot this class have newly discov ered that we must uiodiiy, if not abrogate, out system pi labor, so as to render it conformable to the civilization ot tiiu age. Wo are not averse to the largest liheriy of discussion con sisteut with public order, but we do insist that dissemination ol such 1 entiincuts as ihesuat the present time, is seditious m its character, and it unrebuked, immense 11 jury to tiio Cause we have espoused. Jt will not t>c anik'Sethci'elore, to 10-tXAU.inc, the grounds eu which v«u have,heretofore cie feuded the iusUtutioa ol slavery against Nona eru fanatics, and their foreign syunpulJais is. African slavery it cxiufe may ve suOOcssluUy vindicated en philosophical, ccou ouiical and soripLuial grounds. Leaving »bi ot view, for the present, those ueiicute ana { or plexing piobicme whiUn ethmffogj has st'-.u fed during (»•** r*v-°' a l ceniuiy, \ve cdtifent our- Bc>lf with the simple ullimialioa, that tho tui .0 my of the negro races shows tnem to he pfiy sisally, mentally, and morally interior to Hie white races, and exactly tilted to that iclqi.L* of servitude which obtains in the Contedei ate States This is anincontroveitiblo proitosition, whether wo hold with Bull'on and the earlier naturalitds to the unity of the races, or agree with Agassiz olid Gliddou, that there, is an original diversity ol species. YVe need Lot, with the disciples of Gall and Bpurzheim, ex amine curiously the cranial conformation ot the negro to ascertain that ho is di lick-ire in the highest utti ibuk-s of humanity, nor need we, with the followers iff Cuvier, inspect ore fully the bones of the pelvis, and 01 the lower and upper extremities, to satisfy ourselves that iu anatomical structure he bears a marked res- m blai.ee to Lord MouboddO’s primeval m.m. The curse which Noah, the second tounder ot the world, pronounced 011 the posterity oi Ilain, has citing to tiffin amidst the mutations of four thousand years ; aud to day it Is legibly imprinted on tho physical and mental structure of tho Southern slave. Authentic history nas likewise recorded its liteint iulitiiment in the destiny of the llaumlio tribes. No descendant of Ham has ever attained to universal empire, or, except lor brief has exercised do minion over the offspring ol bhem and Japheth. The genius of Carthage, which Hannibal sor rowfully acknowledged in the decisive baffle of Metaurus, was tbe simple embodiment of the great ethnological truth which we are endeav oring to support. We would not exclude tho African from the pale of humufi brotherhood, .tuuch lets would we deprive him of tho chari ties of the gospel ; but science, no less than Revelation, compels us to place hint iu au in ferior atnl dependant position. Having disposed ot the physiological ques tiou, wo next consider the economical relations aud bearings of slavery. * We are no propagandist of slavery. Vi hethi r it shall exist here or elsewhere, is a question to be determined by climatic ra hot than legislative enactments. The same argu j mentk which would exclude it from New Eu j gland as unsuited to the soil and climate, i would establish it in the cotton region of I Georgia and Alabama, and the sugar districts of Florida and Louisiana. There is a wise jyrd omnipresent law of adaptation m the economy ot nature. The polar boat L not <- T 'ev tu'.i-d to the ftoaen wastes and tl at-ing k«.b».ig. of ti.» j Arctic ibne, than is the negio to ure raaiudii. j ■wamps of the seacoast of Carolina and Geu: gia. Here he finds a local habitation nicely accommodated to his physical peculiarities ; and here he finds, too, usetul employment in the production of those great staples—-rioe, ootton and sugar —which have reCome tire very life-blood of commerce. It Is, besides, bistort, •ally certain that his capabilities of usefulness aannot be made available on the voluntary plan. As FalstatT was a coward by instinct, so the negro is by constitution and habit a lai*, thriftless mortal, needing the compulsion of law, at least, to make him a productive con sumer. The almost unbroken desolation whieir reigns throughout the British and French IN est In- is a stubborn fact which all the rant ot Hall cannot gainsay or invalidate. The philanthropy of Clarkson and Wil barferce. «’ crazy Jacobinism of 1792, bare oon verted once flourishing islands of Jamaica and St. ©omingo into the abodes of a demoralized negro population, who If left to will soon relapse into their prinri and froth having been at leas I m.miuai Christians.wi>l • :»me once more bill • *i«h worshipers of Obii, the Ixvi'-Go! of At i ! ca. It is moreover a pregnant fact, that white | these colonies of France and Great Britain | have not only languished but great ly r>-trp j graded undi-r the emancipation policy, hat i Cuba, a slaveholding colony, with fewer natu ral advantages, has enjoyed unexAmph*d pros perity, and is the acknowledged *• Gum pi the | Antilles”- the brightest jewel in the crown of ) his moat Catholic Majesty. Iu the light ot’ these exairyites, we may he ■ qualified to judge of the effects of immediate and universal emancipation at the South : end we artrprepared, too, to appreciate the sag»- ! city of those politicians who, for the sake ol h foreign protectorate, would invoke (tie calam ity of abolitionism upon a CuulidinjC and bo | Bu we assume higher ground in Cut yiudi i cation ot slavery as it exists in the Bt »urh. We ! hold that the system is itself scriptural in ti e just acceptation of the term. We ne cd hardly remind the reader that the Divine LrewgivW of Israel incorporated slavety into the framework of their social polity, Nor were tjueir slaves hired servants only, hut bondmen and bond women in the stiictest sense of the word. De salts he ordained a fugitive slave io w, nod nut offly authorized hut encouraged due traffic in slaves. Asa matter ot fact, Jerusalem the Holy City’was no less a slave mart than Mo bile and New Orleans, there were thfi stat utes which God hinn.olt gave to isiaeJ, ana they amply justify similar legislation 011 our part. The New Testament is not less explicit. The apostle i’aul preached iu the chief cities of the Homan Empire, and was of couise in datiy contact with slavery iu its most odious form. Vet set as he was lor the del emeu of tiie gos pel, he raised no outcry against tho system. Me did not labor to abolish but to reguiate ; and in our estimation he sanctioned it by pie seribing rules for the government of ihe reha tiou. Unless, theu, we can discover some loftier standard of moral truth thau is contained in the oracles of God, we may consider the morad question as already adjudicated iu favor oS the institution. And thus we peiceive that natural seduce, political economy aud the Bible all bear witness to the truth of our ongi uil propcsitiou. Lot us say, however, once tor atl, that we do not mean io vindicate the'abu ses of the system. God has a quarrel with us on that account, and until ihe marriage rela tion is respected, until they are provided ware, proper food and raiment, un.il their religious enlightenment is a. tended to, w ? can noiiiiei be gniltless iu the sight of God or man. With these qualhicatious, we do not hesitate ; Cos sterm taat we ought to resist every scheme 01 policy, wherever it may oiiginate, that looks to die shuuva suoveision ot tu»o re.tufcu.. in lei woven as it is, with our political system aud our social habitudes, its overthrow would be nothing but a dissolution of the body-polit’ ie. independence even, we maintain, if ’miebus edat this price would be an unspeaxabie calam ity. But we deny that there is any. connexion of tuviso aiul effect us between emancipation more or lutsß general and independence. Biaverv is to- dny the keystone of our political arch - tire very basis of our agricultural wealth without which our armies wouid disband in a single month. The negrtMs serving us much more effeotualiy iu the farm than he ever could on the battle-field. Ami he is far more formida ble t y the common enemy when arrayed with the hoe and axe, thau when handling the' musket in the trenches. It, however, he was a hundred fold less productive iu his present position, it would be iusecute to enroll him in. *bur armies,- It will require years of patient drilling to bring him to a point of loleiuble efficiency as a soldier and even then his trench ery might ruin us in the very crisis of a bat tle or campaign. In a word, the negro is likely to be worth less as a soldier and dangt-rous as an armed ally. In his present relation 110 Is subsisting our armies, aud in spile of raids and invasions on a grand scale, there is hardly yet any alarming scarcity of breadstuff's. Ho is now happy and conteuted-*-no insurrectionary plots are seeth ing in his sluggish brain ; no midnight forays are planned or perpetrated. But in an evil hour we alter his status—we force him into the ranks to fight for liberty ; this idea obtains the mastery of the kindlier instincts of his nature; the enemy ply him with promises and inducements yet moie liberal ; his fidelity is shakeu and lie betrays us in the hour of our sorestffifcsd. Nor does the evil stop here.— The contagion spreads; the ido 1 of liberty leavens rhe whole slave population—and pre seihty ibey are transformed into a race of (le mons shrieking tor freedom and howling for Ifffcod. There springs up a war of races in— fallowed by scenes that beg ar descrip tion and that sicken the heart of the spectator. It is not yet too late to prevent-these ap palling calamities. But if affairs are not dif ferently managed and directed, the South will bo both deprived of slavery aad disappointed of independence. Her sous iosd daughters u. in. k s- wanderers in tbe earth, while their fair 1; j.; iivff -.’asre by fire r.ud sword until •'mu a lose is left on its stalk to tell where t&e garden had been.'’ Plant Liberally and Sate Seed Plenti fully.—ln view of the extreme difficulty of procuring provisions of almost every kind, it is suggested all who have gardens, to plant liberally—plant to sell, or give—plant *more than you want, that yon may relieve suffering —for assure as the present artificial scarcity continues to exist—and there is no reason why it should not—there will be suffering for the commonest necessaries of life this spring. We also admonish all gardenera to save seed plentifully of all kinds, that they may be able to furnish their neighbors. The present scar city of good seed should be incentive enough. Gsx. Thomas’ Movements. —The Montgome ry Mail of the 24th learns from a gentleman who has just reached that city from Huntsville, that G«n. Thomas had sent all his force from that place to Knoxville, and was about to start himself, preparatory to a great raid up the Hast Tennessee Railroad. A small force wm retained as a garrison for Huntsville; YiMasTA, rA., Wednesday %riiiL 5, 1865. i>L YOP I'ltE CITIZE.v All officers ci the Government, whether civil or inriio--.y,Uigp or low,are tire mere servantß of the people, appoimod or elected BOlefy for ti.e p upo: oi discharging some duty -which, wSe.i discharged as it ououid he, will benefit tiie public. Inis being the true matters as tar as officials ot ail kinds are c .i-eiiied, it is yie plum duty of the citizens to wa-.on ii.eii servants wntt a vigu-ut eye, aad to lane notice when they slight or omit ideir duties, or are guilty of any mulieusance m the Gliko which they fioid. it is ter tiie »ant of mis public scrutiny, aud because so sew prisons are disposeU to* re mit ino misconduct oi th*>sc who hold offices, hat eegiee. and disregard ot, and criminal de pHi tures from duty suoiten occur « she Kith moult BtuUfcel is the select organ lie that tae -Kmg an. bis app. in tees can do no iviom.-.” the stench or official co.uupiiou wnich reeiis even unto high neaveu, has at length convinced even the editor ot that sheet that a public servant ought to he watched. He appears now to have come to the conclusion which many nave arrived at Ijatig since—that it is impost bio lor a man lo live extravagantly on a saiary of from twelve hundred to five thousand dollars a year, and even grow rich, and oe honest. Tiie Sentinel,man lor once, has got on tin right track. YVo hope he will keep moving in the right direction. The taxes are getting to be a heavy burthen, gtwious to be borne. And what mpkes them the more serious, is tire fact that fully one half if not more of the money raised from the pock ets of the is foolishly squandered, or iu. gaily appropriated by many of the thous ands of imiiicient, unnecessary officials which swann throughout the land devouring the substance thereof, as did the locusts in Egypt in days oi yore. Here is what the Richmond Sentinel says about the incapable officials and the duty the citizen owes to his Country : It is the duty of ciiizsnff, when an instance of malversation iu office comes under their ob servation, to make report df the offisncc to the superior authorities. It is a duty .which they owe to themselves and the country, and which they may not omit without justly incurring censure. The putts ie Interest is involved—aa , in a lime like this, the public safety is at stake, —imd patriot has no proper election ns tiie course be will pursue This duty of Riecflizon involves a corns p nditig duty on the part, of the officer to whost < nonces are to be reported. It tin* one mu-t inform, the oIL r meet listen. If one mue indicate -be cxieterteo of malpractice, th. other must promptly investigate and punish Nov of either the citizen or the* supm vizing- 1 authority, by any means confined to such cases of offence as are capable ot being presented ilh the form of an exact accusation, sapporied by full and technical proof. To lay down such a rule would be to grant impunity n. ti.a riruot miAnitu nf Qrimumjfc The Dur pose of an information vs to rnstnata nnu rect inquiry; and its just roeponslfiiliiies are fully met, if it show probable cause. .The magistrate commits for trial upon a reasonable suspicion. The grand jury orders a man to Btuud for his life, on ex petrie testimony. It is only by an authoritative investigation, that tiie evidence which untolus the truth, can usually b« discovered; and this investigation it is the province of Government to undertake aud to conduct on ils own responsibility. If no trial were ever ordered until absolute proof of guilt were fitst produced, and by some volunteer prosecutor, the courts might almost as well be abolished, and public juuice declared at an end. These principles seem obviously just; but they are not understood to be so conceded in practice, in some of the departments of the Government Borne of the officers who are charged with the oversight of subordinates, do not take hints or ordinary information from citizens, as guides to their own observations and investigations They require a responsi ble allegation and formal proo'' as the founda tion of an inquiry. They have been led to adept this reserve probably in consequence of the great number of‘ complaints due to igno rance or querulousness, or originating in per sonal feeling. These they may always expect: but, these cite not sufficient to justify them iu repulsing the approaches of all.citizens indis criminately. They should, on the contrary, keep an open*door, for honest well meaning men, and receive with manifestations of thank fulness the communications which they may make for the good of the public service. An investigation which the Government may con duct without inconvenience, is otten matter of personal feud, perhaps deadly quarrel, it avow edly based oil a private accusation. Individu als will shrink from occupying Buck a position, if not from timidity, at least from that prefer ence for quiet which most men feel. .JigP e * dally will they do this when lin y are sonally possessed of proot adequate to the Tull establishment of their opinions. Officers who place obstacles in the way of receiving infor mation as to the malversation of their subor dinates, will find indeed that they escape the auuoyance ot frivolous complaints, but they will succeed also in giving license to the un-. ( worthy to do pretty much as they list. Buck impunity must operate very disadvan- in a community circumstanced as is ours. An : finite number of public agents are scattered over the country, many of them en trusted with the most delicate duties, where the observation of superiors is impossible, and where, in consequence of the difficulty of de tecting irregularities, there can be but little responsibility. Iu such cases, the public eye and ear, must lie the principal witnesses and detectives. The observations of the citizens ought to be carefully invited, and their state ment? respectfully listened to and duly weighed, They must not be told to be silent unless they shall choose to volunteer as positive accusers aud rotmvl prosecutors, and thus give to a public matte the aspect and character of a priv-rte affeiatioi. An officer has no. right to tnrust su. han aUernart.ve upon a citizen; and its effects is os we have said, to secure li cense and impunity to offenders, even to such **i3 excite the most open disgust. , More Illegal Proceedings. —A few days since a party of women residing near Sumter, assisted by a paroled sojdier, made a raid on the cribs of their neighbors and helped them selves to what they wanted. They represent ed themselves to be soldiers’ wives Ille galities of all kinds should bo summarily stop ped. Preparations at Chattanooga. —A late Northern dispatch states that new ware-houses have been for some time building at Ghana ■ noonga. and when Gen. Thomas’ headquarters moved to Nashville, some days ago, supplies were rapidly accumulating. These store houses, it 13 said, if placed end to end, would stretch above two miles. Absentees is MissiSoirn.— Got. Clark of Mississippi has signified his intention of calling out the entire militia of that State on the fourth of April to arrtat absentees from the Ux/Atu. A - number «*. papers which admire a cea iai govc -meat arc vindictively and vitup i ausiy a- >uiii kg Gov B r owu on ao couutV-ae pi maples advooaM by him in his late mes-ago. id lu- a - papers ire nut willing ihat their patrons shall rea l boll sides They refuse to public tm arguments of the Gov ernor. This is imj .it usd unfair. They accuse a m.tU ot doing wr->m;. **■ >‘ ,t uot a low aim a fieaiing ihe eoul-0 of -fie Governor's jppouents -in this mailer proves om- *umg It proves that they ate airuM , 43 oi their feeders will be con; erted, nu., • M to peruse the able reason.ug, sound oc rines. and sdiiug truths Contmueu in i.jc and *ut reterred to.. Know ing th S, id -J ift: Jl> insert it ill Uicil col oaios, :rnd arc eu hr. ormg to Stir up a bad 1 r -not by making sute- e * i shadow ot truth about them There « act much honor in such a CoUi.se, to suv mo i.-a- And tbo**. who are pursuing and, vm • »i iromselves not /nucu the garnets iu iim cn*i " their sins wdi find them out.” The people c-oroi always be deceived aud humbugged t 'fi l Truth is mighty and will prevail. The po-itiou taken-oy Governor Browu is ire correc. uc Aud what is better, a great poi ton oi the people oG Georgia wrh sustain hiiQ—uothwitust Hiding the great et forts ot Goufe'-USWtle aud the spending of immense bums out of its public treasury in various ways, to bring about a different re bUlt. A majority of the people o' Georgia are iov mis of civ-'l liberty. They wLI sustain those leaders .who sustain the c»ase of civil liberty. Hence the great popularity of Gov. Brown in this cbuffuoiiWi.c'lh —and elsewhere where the' friends of liberty are louud. An Unhealthy L. cality to Tive in —Some sections of Southwestern Georgia and Ala bama appear to be quite unhealthy iosalitie 3 tor law abiding citizens to reside iu. In Columbus there is an abundance of thiev ing going on. The Sun thinks that organized banffs ot robbers cxi. t in that city. In one suction of tiio place scarcely a night occuis in which someone is not knocked down and rob bed. On all the streets leading from Colum bus, robberies are frequent. Not long since a miff -was robbed of his purse containing S4OO, his watch and knife, and then he was coolly oid red co dismount from his pony, as the vil lians wished to ride awhile; and thus, d< i> r i fed of everything, fie was sent on his way. On Sunday evening a difficu fey occurred in Columbus between iwo man named Gittsiuger and Garris Th«> affair wound up by the former shoot.rg the latter r* . A few nights since a genlc*m:m named Gil bert was Waylaid Cbiittehoocheo county, and murdered. He was found in the toad •w-iAi. 1. *! till .’cal’ • TYtr leorn pjy; «■»«<**• . J * _p. A gentlemen living in Russell county, Ala., s«y that it is dangerous to be out 01 the house at night, a;.d that gangs of horse thieves infest every-neighborhood. I he Columbus Bun comments on the state of affairs thus : Our people should band together for the protection of themselves uud property. These scoundrels should be made to know that they cannot commit lawless deeds with immunity. r I hey should be forced to feel that we have laws and that tiny will be enforced The E-emy Advancing from Pensacola.— According to the last accounts, the enemy have commenced their march from Pensacola. Five regiments of infantry* and cavalry are on the road leading fiom Pensacola to Pollard. Their progress is slow, owing to the bad condi tion of the roads. ' Another column, when last heard ftom, was at. Milton. Scouts from Pensacola, says the Montgomery Advertiser, state that the force at that place be fore tho above movements wore? made ,was five brigades. They re port that the plan talked ot was for the two columns to torm a junction at Greenviile, la order, effectually, to destroy the railroad, e-ike possession of Tensas river, which will give them contiol over the Ala bama, and by thus cutting off Mobile endeavor fci> compel tne evacuation of that place. , Gen. Clinton has left Montgomery for Pol lard to look after matters. Gen. Fohrest’s Army.-We learn from a number of sources that Gen. Forrest lias or ganized the largest and finest army in North Mississippi, since the retreat from Tennessee, that has been under his command. Besides, we are happy to state that Gen. Forrest and Gen Taylor agree trad work har moniously together This . augurs favorably for success -i% the coming campaign in that section. Gold Tumbling. —The tax imposed on gold by the late act iff Congress ha? had a good ef fect already. The price ot the precious metal has commenced decliuiog. It collectors are empowered by the iaw to confiscate all gold which is not returned, it witi have a good ef fect in making unprincipled men give in oor. rect returns. Aad if correct returns a T s given in, many a man who im beeD fl* ji .; the com munity will be compelled to disgorge. Progressing.—Robbery and slnie breaking •is geiiiug tc b> of iiequ.. ut occurrence in Jia cou. The body of a murdered soldier was found near Talbctton, Ga., a few days since. The skull had been smashed in with an axe. The body could not be recognized as it had been muoh tom by dogs. An Expedition for the Texas Coast.— Blockade running between Galveston and the West Indies, is carried on very successfully, perhaps rivaling in this respect the ports of Wilmington and Charleston. To stop this it is intimated an expedition is being organized at New Orleans. Another Military Post.— We learn that a military post has been established at the village of social Circle, on the Georgia Railroad. For one we cannot 6ee the necessity of a military post at that place, It may be necessary, however. If so—all right. If not—it la an excellent bomb-proof. The Crops is Middle Georgia —Letters from Middle Georgia state that the wheat crops are looking well— notwithstanding the bad weather. SP OI XL AI iSS WE K P.E IDtC <|D YVl'i. To the syn Ue a.d House of B-preseniatives. of ihe C/Onf '■ derate Siate.-i of America: ~ YVhen imormed on Thursday i r-,- runt it was the intention of Congress to adjourn sine die on the ensuing Saturday.T deemed um, duiv' to request' a posiponeun-nt ■ f the . Ijournment, in order"thar 1 mi..hi. submit * r your consider ation certain matceis u i jiu.iiic iu ■ usi., which are now laid before you. Wo«u ' rli.u equ.-st was made.- iue most iiiip* riant m.-a-.u-.e:, iccr had occupied yo..i ati-(. u.n dung :h ..a Sion biU He f been so tai advanced as to Uo submitted for Exccir >5 aviion u;l ;:o - tate oi the cbnctiy ha i i*-. *_n so mVeciau.v effected by the events ot lb,: tu-r uur m.; 1 a.; 10 evince the necessity ot furifier and more ener getic legislation. i,.Au *..s coutomplaU.-o m Npveiob.*: last. - ‘Oar country is now en- round ofi perils which it is oui di a >.) v nti aipuite. Thus alone cau .~;ey to ave.i. t.hveatHn«-d c.»; s be w-'-ety devU-- 1 and efficeatiy enforced. 1 VBOUIIESS *Ot TH WA! Recent mllii.iiy op .atm.,s t.f the enediy have beck success:u ru tin captuie ■ , some ci our seaports, In inter.uptUig some of our tines of communication, .aid in a vasUaug largo districts of our eounuy. Ti. so events have had the natural oifiv: u; « n .gitig our loes, and dispirnmg niauy of ou>. people, t'iie oap itat ot theUonteuci’uLe Biate-s Is now and is in greater danger than it has heretofore been during the war ihe tact Gsvafi and without reserve or couceaunent us due io fcae p opte whose servants we ate,"and in whose couiage and constancy entire tfus» isieijusefi; as duo to you, in whose wisdom uno resoiuto piiit iuu people have confided ior the mioplion of tin measures required to mud litem If-on threatened perils. While stating .to you that our country is in danger, 1 desire a-.s>o to slate rhy ileiibfiraie conviction that R is within our power to avert the calamities which menace.us, ttnU to secure the triumph ot the sacred cause lor which so much saoiihce has been made, so much suffer ing endureu, so many precious lives been lost. This result is to he obtained by k* r titu«itf, qy courage, by eohsianay in enduring the sacri fices stilt needed; m a word, by the prompt and resolute devotion ot (lit; whole' resources ol men and money in the Confederacy to the achievement ot our liberties and indepen dence. The measures, now required, to ho success ful, should be prompt. Long deliberation and protracted debate over important measures are hot. only ualuiai, bur. laudable m represents tive assemblies under ordinary ciicuiusTaiices; but in momenta ot danger when action be comes argent the delay nuts caused is itselTauew source 01 perii. Thus it has unfortunately hap pened that some ot the measures passed by you in ursaauca ot UlO recommendations contain cd in my message otN-vemci r last, have been so retarded as to lose much of their value, or have, for rhe same reason, been abandoned alter being maimed, becarrsh no longer appli cable to our altered condition; and others have not been brought under exaqiih tiioti. In ma king these remarks R is tar n m my intention to attribute t-ni i«.-ks of time touiiy omrr cau res than those inherent in (Jctibeiar vc asiicnibiies, but only urgautiy to lvcoinmend prompt action upon the measures now submitted. We need, lor carrying on ihe w,tr success fully, men aud supplies for Idle army. We h«ve poth within mir country suffimeut to at tal . ■ rA. To bbtam the supplies * ncoasaiy lo'p.Ty tect productive districts, guard our luma of communication by an-in m cash m tiio number of our forces; aiul hence it results, that with a large augmentation iu tree number ot im a in • the army, the laciiily oi supplying the troops would be greater than with our meant reduced strength. SUPPLIES—PAYMENT FdK THEM IN CJIN. For the purchase of supplies now required, especially, lor the nicies in Virginia and North Carolina, the treasury must be provid ed with means; and a modification in the im pressment, law is required. It has been as certained, by examination, that v e have with in our reach a sufficiency of what is most need ed ior the army, and without having le course to the ample previsions existing in those parts of the Confederacy with whifli our communication lias been partially inter rupted by hostile operations. But in some districts from which supplies are to be drawn the inhabitants, being eitiffir within the ene my’s lines or in very cloi e proximity, fire un abie to make use of Confederate treasury notes for the purchase of articles of priiho ne cessity, and it is necessary that, to some exteuf,* coin he paid in order to obtain supplies, It is' therefore, recommended that Congress devise the means for making available the coin vviih in the Confederacy for the purpose of supply ing the army The oilicers.of the supply de partments report that, with two million dol lars iu coin, the armies in Virginia and North Carolina can be amply supplied for the re mainder of the year; and the knowledge of this fact should suffice to insure the adoption of the measures necessary to obtain this moder ate sum. • IMPRESSMENT. The impressment law, as it now exists, pro hibits the public officers from impressing sup plies without making payment of the valua tion at the tjme of impressment. The limit fixed for the issue of treasuiy notes has been nearly reached, and the treasury cannot always furnish the funds necessary for prompt pay ment while the law for raising revenue which would have afforded meam, for diminishing if not removing, this difficulty, was, unfortunate ly, delayed for several mouths, and as just been signed. In this condition of tun 03, it is impossible to supply tire army, alt.hou > ample stores may exist in the country, when mi the I owners refuse to give credit to the public of- ■ fleer. It is necessary that this restriction cn the ! power of impressment be removed. The pow- i er is admitted to be objee amiable, liable to a».use, aud unequal in its operation ou indi viduals; yet all these objections must yield to absolute necessity. It is also suggested that the system of valuation now established ought to be radically changed. The legislation re quires. iu such cases of impressmeni, that the market price be paid; but "there is really no market price in many cases, and then valua tion is made arl itrarily and m a depreciated currency. Ihe result Is, that tee most * x*r-iv agant prices are fixed,* such as no onto ever expects to be paid iu coin. None belie* o * at j ffie G( vernment can ever redeem in coin the i obligation to pay fifty dollars a bushel for j corn, or seven hundred dollars a barrel for j flour. It wouffi seem to be more just _ aud ap- j propriate 10 estimate the supplies impressed at theii value iu coin; to give the obligation of the Government for the payment of the price in coin, with reasonable interest, or, at the option of the credit or, to return in kind the wheat or corn impressed, with a reasonable in terest, also payable in kin i; and to make the obligations thus issued receivable for ail pay ments due in coin to the Government. What ever be the va' ue attached by Congress to these suggestions, it is hoped that there will be no hesitation in so changing the law as to render it possible to supply the army in case of necessity for the impressment of provisions for that purpose. The measure adopted to rane revenue, though liberal in its provisions, bemg clearly inadequate to meet the arrear of debt and the current expenditures, some degree of embar rassment in the management of the finances most continue to be felt. It is to be regretted, j I think that the recommendation of tye sec retary of the Treasury, of 4 tax on agncuUur al Income equal to the augmented tax on oth - er incomes, payable in treasury notes, was re jected by Congress. This tax would have con- VOL. LXXIV.—-NEfiV SERIES XXIV T 7 tributed materially tc facilitate Ut ■ pu* of provisions and diminish the necessity that is now telt for a supply of coin. TUK EXEMPTION BILL. The measures passed by Congress during the session for recruiting the army ami .applying the additional lorce needed foi the public ue - tence have been, in my judgment, nsiifficient, and 1 am impelled by a profound conviction of duty, and stimulated by a sens-- of the p rils which surround our country, to urge upon you additional legislation up-on this subject. The bill for effiplovmg negro .; soldier has not yes: cached m thong . journals of your proceedings iniorra : passage. Much benefit -is w: ie pd. .1 R it measure, though far loss th- n wou'-u re sulted from adopi.-'i at an as to aiiiord time ior their o>g m : ' struction during the wfiuUr months The bill for oimmisiung th ; t nu;' cos ex einpta has just boon made I .re ; ; r.; .1 special mess >gc, ared its provision: ■ ,1. would add no streflgi:- to :!m ur-ry. . lie 1 commendation to aboff ::. mi c ; .'x-u-.cMol hag not met your favor, idtiionga still tictmod by me .. •. uu.re • and uapi.i ianfc in; -mure; ;iu ; the number of men exempted by new ■au o iu the act- just passed is . ved u> be quite equal to that oi those u exi-mpsi-.m i v.- voked. A law of a few lines repeali ; all ciasf exemptions, wotud uot only rj -e .-red-. n the forces iu the field, but be still mo.. . jl. •- tidal by abating the natural iecoutent ami jealously created la the army- by tin: existeace of classes privileged by iaw to remaui in places of safety while their fellow citizens ace exposed in the i renches and the field. THE MILITIA. Ihe measures most Deeded, however, at Iu present time, for affording an effective increase to our military strength, is a general militia law, such as the Constitution authorizes Con gress to pass by granting to it power " to pro vide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, aud tor governing such part ot 'them- as may be employed in the service of the Confederate Staves, and the further power “to provide for calling forth the mi-iur, t execute the laws of Ihe Confederate • Bt,; ■ , suppress insurrections and repel invasiolfts.V. The necessity for the exercise of- this powoi can never exist if not in tiie circumstances which now surround us. The security .of in states against any encroachment by the Con federate Government is amply provided by .the Constitution by reserving to tho' States re spectively, the appointing of the officers, ;md the authority of training the militia accorc ing to the discipline prescribed t,*y Congress A law is needed to preserbe not only how, and of what persons, the militia are* to be or ganized, but to provide tho mode of ca'ling them out. If instances be required, to sb •• the necessity of such general law, it is . u iff eieufc to mention that, in one case, l have been informed by ihe Governor of a Btato that, the law does not permit him to call the mil. . : from oue county for service ill another, so • h a single brigade of the enemy , could t , * the State, and devastate each county in ; without any power on th» part of the Ex-vu - live to Ui and tho militia for effective def.-.-c-- ; while in another State the Executive re iff and w allow the militia “ to lie employed in Hie ser vice of ihe Confederate State.:,” in thy. aromoc.- of a law for t!?at purpose. EUSPEHSIOJr CP THE HABEAS CORPUS. I have heretofore, in a confident message to Uvusijt), stated the facts wii.on induce * us P fofcc frwmnjrr.fttr.-2--tv,---re jv i • eg? ol (he Writ Os ffiwerfirVUl'piis SttOlllirde'—rr*-''-* •- ded. The conviction of the necessity ol tins measure has become deeper as the event.; of the struggle have been-developed. Con n re; has not* concurred with me iu opinion, my duty to guy that the time has uvri.vs.-d n the suspension of the wiit is not simply a- vis able aud expo lient,.but almost iudi: pen-able to the Buoces ful conduct o the reOu (h, gress must rest the responsibility! to exercise a power conferred by the Core.re 1 tion as a means of public safety, to bo u ed . iu periods of national peril resulting from loire-tu invasion. If our present cirtum.: -.nee; ere not such as were contemplated vgiea tills po r er was conferred, I confess myself at a loss 10 imagine any contingency in which this c! -11. of the constitution will not, remain a dead let ter. With the prompt adoption of the measures above recommended, ffnd the united and hearty co-operation of Cohgrers and the people in the execution of the laws and the 'deton :e of the country, we may enter upon the present cam paign with cheerful confidence in the resui And who can doubt the contipusd existence of that spirit and fortitude in the peop e, and ot that constancy under reverses which alone iu a' needed to render our triumph secure? What 1 other resources rtmaiffis available but the un dying, unconquerable resolve to be free? li has become certain, beyond ail doubt or qtle , tidn, that we must continue this struggle to a successful issue, or must make abject and un conditional submission to such terms as it shall please the conqueror to impose on us after our surrender. It a possible doubt could exist after the conference between our commission ers and Mr. Linco’n, as recently reported to you, it would be dispelled by ruc-. nfc occur i renee, of which it improper that von should he informed. TIIS PEACE CONFERENCE—THE MILITARY COXY a TION—INTERVIEW BETWEEN UxSERALS IreNG 6IREET AND ORD. Congress will remember thrt, in fhe'coaf-.-- e»ce above referred to, our cor Usikncr; were informed that the G ove mint t of the .United] e>tates 4 wquld not enter into = iy agree ment or treaty whatever v/ijh the C ••iVrerate States, or with any single only possible mode of obtain : rig tore so was by laying down our arms,disbar and , ;..vd yielding unconditional obe li ~ e : ■ ; law.- ; the United States,including those : v 1 for tie | confiscation of our: property at -i he eo . i | tutional amendment for the abolition of silve ry. It will further *b« remembered, that Mr. Lincoln declare 1 that the only ’terms on which hostilities could cease were those silted in his message ot December lass, iu which we were informed that in the event of our penitent sub mission, he would temper justice with mercy, and that the question whether wo would be governed as dependent teritorrics, or permit ted to have a representative iu their Congress was one on which he could promise nothing, but which would be decided by their Congress after our submission had been accepted. It has not however, been hitherto stated to you that, in the pourse of the conference at Fortress Monroe, a suggestion wes made by I one of our commissioners that the objections ! entertained by Mr. Lincoln to treating with the Government ol the Confederacy, or with any separate State, might be avoided by substitu ting for the usual mode of negotiating through commissioners, or other diplomatic agents the me?bod sometimes employed ot a military convention to be entered into by the command ing- generals of the armies of the two beiliger- j enta. This he admitted, was a power possess- j ed by him, though it was not thought coin- | mensurate with all the questions invpvied. j As he did not accept the suggest ion when j made, be was afterwards requested to reconsid er his conclusion upon the subject of. a sus pension of hostilities, which lie agreed to do, but said that he had maturely considered o the plan, and had determined that it could not be done. Subsequently, however, an interview with General Longstreet was asked for by Gen. Old, commanding the enemy’s Army of the James, during which General Longstreet was informer by him that there was a possibility of arriving at a satisfactory adjustment of the present un happy difficulties by means of a military con vention, and thaS if General Lee desired .. in terview on the subject it would not be de clined, provided General Lee had authority ta j fern •1 : ■T'- t *-ce yi rhe suggestion, above re -Btruotinna tojft ; ” ; 1 ■ 1- -Iff, 06 Ihe std | oonfer--m * 6 i ss *>i-*-ba*y -to meet Imn for [ was vested wiib's ne r'cii'n • v tU^ t . U . e I era! Giant's reply s- ■ vt,’ V J i* Uta ' thority to accede to*the v f 110 au ~ , u - u *-*- e pioposeu conference : i P ° WerS oui y to making oou- I Iml ?“ Purely ot a military char |*7 a “-' - l! “ •' 1 Grd ...... only have ! -' lc,tut ‘h't ;m mterview would u >i be riilused ' - wuicii-he fGauorai Grant) had ,* 1 full - s appears, that neither with the Con j rodtua-.e amnorities, nor the autno- ities of any i generals, ■i. ...c t.uueu oiar.es Meat or make any terms j v ‘ i V* i ?®““ at whatever tor the cessation tff hos : uativs x'iioro remams tUoo for u> no choice ! out to coutiime this contest to a fiua issue ; j lii . i -e Ooii.oj-, rvey edu be but ; iiuovvu tohiui wim supposes it possible I LUey WOUill r »»» ,• 5, v ,l ! cost 01 uegrai!" ,i* o P o ■ 14 periaibsion lo i ''+ giiiTibouea uy tnoir own uc ! S'£* x *°* governca by officers sent by the con | quere-i vo rule over them. | Having thus iuliy placed before you the in j we arc exposed, and the measures 1 " of uoa needed for wcuing them, m- remains for I me bur, to invoke your aftamiou to the consul* ■j of those means by ..Vo all | ovs ! to escape ,ine,ca!aaiities j . iMt woi.ua 1 trimt iroin our luiiiuxo. rroiiiiuout jaloveui others, is the necessity lor earnest, arU corona co-operation between ail depart ments or government, B ,u- and Confederate, auu au euiment off ize re throughout the Con federacy. To you especially, as Senators and ii-.)presantatives, do me people look ior en -0010 agomant mid counsel, fo’your action not oa |y m iffgfi 'a- ive funk, but in. your homes, their eyes be turh and lof die. example' of vv .icit in (.ciiuing men who, by willing sacrl- I aces on the at tar of ireeuom, chow that they u -‘° woiifij th enjoy its bfesskigs. I feel lull ootihiicnoe that you will concur with me in the Conviction that j ui-pub Be duties will not bo eudtd when you s:. *- have closed the legisla ti t.o labors of toe s..- u, , but 1 aat your voice will be heard eff -,g and encouraging tho jusopii* -o tiiac persijjieat /..-•> tade which they have hithedo djsp - veu ;.ad animatiug them by the mauifesu.. •; dial serene confidence wide a, in m>m \ iff' j nbffc ci ..ger, is the disimetive t-harncc ratio of * fie pa- ffotj who de rives courage ir .<, in- deViAioff to his country’s 1 destiny; and is ums mvibfed to impivo tiie like coin ago in oi i-r. Thus united iff it common and holy, cause, 1 1 -i --iik. ib-jve .1,;.-(>.. colmUcrations rendering ail wu- meims a.u-t lacuii-ies tinbulary to me coun try's wc:iia r. let us bow su.uui -sively to the JD:Vi- e'wiii, utivipevv urn Jy invoke me blessing qj oar Heaveniy F.tuier, mat as He' protected and gu.dad our srres when struggling iu a sim khi * i-i-.e, sj be wiiv euabfe u > uo guard saiuiy uih au.ais and our iu'-. rm. s, and maihlaiu in viciuie the p-oiivicairights which we inherited. Jei-eishsoh Davis. Y4.NEHO ilvi. r. . ortu Carolina.—Gen. Schofield - -a series of orders, by which .he peop l © u North Carolina who have , I we copy'sci ugiiipits Jrom the series : | I. Provo marsh.in this Department will administer lac uaih of allegiance to such per sons as cubic within the p,; *nß‘Oi the Am* ms y proclamation .of the President of the United Stales, prpvid.-J hey are satisfied that ■ such pcrs'oitS cii.sire, in ood faith, to aid in restoring the National auffiority, anti that they tl e oath g. all< gi nice cheerfully and vol- I ' n-y. ii. IL pores' will 'l)6 made weekly to the pro* vost-m ire.rat genera,i, giving the name, age and place of residence ol every' person wno shall have subscribed to to;.- oath of allegiance; afto, of adi otner adult w rite persons residing within the juris ;ieisou of each 1 revest marshal, together with such information as can bo od taintff touching the chanici.cr of each individ ual. ill. Persons of known disloyalty, and those who shall, by their language or conduct, man ifest tioihiiity to the'GdVeuinieiH.pf the United ’ Stares, i-hau bo scut beyond tm* litres ol the army’ by an order item ree provost marshal general, or he brought beioie a military com - mission for »1 * tl Bud punishment, according to the nature oi t,ia otLuce. - lV r . Officers auihorfzed bylaw to appoint general courts in ucial are empowered 10 ap point military commissions, and to confirm and execute ihe sentences of such commissions, with the same limitations as in the case of gen eral courts martial. V. Commercial intercouse within the limits of this department will tie governed ctticliy by the laws of the United Slates and the regula tion:. of the Treasury Department, and will bo Jimi: ;d to that which may be uecassary to sup ply • ho wants ot the loyai people residing with in the lines of military occupation and persons within the cu-hoy o; tn-: Govcntqgnt, None but persona 01 undoubted loyally and good character will be peimitted to trade within the limi aoi tuc-depai merit, VI. Intercuixise between towns -occDied by the uimy and the surrounding country, within the lines ot military occupation, will bo per rau. -.u under d-ttim:- t«- h e abiishod by , die provost mavEunl gv i.c.i.'!, ior ihe pm pose of etuibling iue inhabuuuU to supply them* selves withHlio injures 1 1-. • of lite. VII. The loyal pc-oplo oi the country,resi- I ding within ho lines ot the army, will be per -• milled to bring ireely to maiket the products ! ol t,heir iaims, and to receive in payment the | currency ot the Un.teii S: >tcs. They will also | ue permitted to purchase »:tntiy supplies irom | persons author;red to t; ade, u ; -on permits grant ed ity the loe vi provost-iud. rßtj ais. Viu. ltuilroada and telegraph lines are un der special injihary protection. Any person .who shall break, injure, or in any manuer in terfere with their minimy use, or ehail lire in to any rai*oad train, or any vessel navigating the waters of this department, shall be pun shed with death or otherwise, at the discre tion-of a military commi.iiou. IX. The destruction of property, public or private, is a waste of the national wealth, and alike injurious to the people and the Govern ment. it is, therefore, to be avoided, except ‘ where military operations render it necue*ary. The highest commander present must alone be the judge of such necessity. X. The troops will Le supplied with such of the products of the coui, *y: especially vegeta bles, as are necessary 1m their health and com fort. This must te dene by the proper staff officers, acting under the orders ol the division and brigade commander.-. XL. Strag‘!(!i!g*arid irregular ‘oraging by individuals arc prohibi ed, and will be severe ly punished. Bliningig still larg-jf, i i-.-ci-ibl-; in Califor nia. Tire placer or su 1. s g are pretty well exhausted, but toe m -s or gold lies low, in the beds r.t quarto m ravel and these are now y ielding a.- well, or better than ever before. (;.se <■ .;.-D--ay s.t *-• 1 a recently, after two weeks luu oi tb& crusfiing miiis, • ciemv"! id" tire h ' one fim of twenty ii 'nr com pani‘;-are tv & » a Lsmired thott- -ud doll Ia we-: .. - »u almost every is making good v, .-3 • . -. v over the tailings liom tiw muls avoye. or digging down Confcdera- * ►ll i 1,. ■ viu cu..e numerous i on the Ohio rivet,