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N, S. MORSE. ic SELECT UO(JU >ll. V FOJi «Hi ICE. As the pople of Georgia will be called upon in the course o! a couple of months to elect delegates to th ; State Conventi in, and after that body adjourns to eject State L t ;i ! > tors and other officers', we caul' u them tube on their guard as to the manner in > fah ’ they pprfOrm this most important and sacred duly. Our internal peace and local' pro purity will depend, here ter as here .ofore. raain’y. upon ourselves ; and to liavo good an l wholp orao laws we must have pure, patriotic men to make those laws; and to have dv laws well adminis tcred, we must liaye good men in office. H <ny mportant changes will bo : .cessary fur tho safety of society, and upon tho nr oner in which the members of the State Convention discharge their duty, will depend, to a :rreat extent, our futu r e fer weal or wo' 2 . Itupmt.u t questions will come befo. .; <’• i.s body which must be promptly met and acted upon, ques tions that will require tho wi.-<lom ar.:l ro.re rch of tho best men we h ive And it in of the first importance that gentlemen wuo-o views re in entire accordance with the policy of the admin, iatration should corripo-e tho body; tor any at tempt to revive dead 1 - u(v. will b t productive ol great mischief, and will undoubtedly have the effect of keeping Georgia out of lire Un ion, an under military rule for a long lime to come. Let the people .'elect men to represent them in tho convention, legislature and elsewhere, not for thoir much fpeakiug, or tilentfo rhe torical or bombastic display, Veit for tbeir plain: common sonsc and everyday business capa city. Asa general rule a man who attends well to his owo business, will be safe to trust in re sponsible positions; but the visionary sky rocket who consumes without pr- hieing, will wreck, the happiness cl any people upon earth, if allowed free sway. Many disaffected and even disloyal persons will aspire to seats in the Convention and Legislature, but the real loyal men of tie State must see to it that tb«y are kept out. And remember above all things that it is not talking bu 1 working met that we shall need in tbe public councils. Them is many a mer chant and hard fisted mechanic who will bet ter fill such places than those who put on more pretentions, Let our coming Convention and Legislature be composed of sober, honest, loyal men, and have as few professional politicians in them as possible Many dangerous agitator*) will try to creep into these bodies; hut we trust they are sufficiently well known to tho loyal voters to prevent success iu a single instance. Asa goneral thing, plain, well-informed men make the best legislators in ths world, and we hope to see a large number of the class iu both Mi of tho bodies above spoken of. ———«»«so.— To bk Regretted. —We notice that sorao of | the leaders wno took prominent part in the late struggle, are already evincing their strong passion after political power; and at this early day are endeavoring to so shape matters that they will again have control of the public affairs. Some of them have become -so bold as to even write letters in which they advocate the “imperative necessity” of being allowed to resume their former stains, in tho political arena. This condition of aflaTs is truly to bi ve gretled. It shows that some of the prominent men of the South are either determined to have their own way in settling matters, or they will still continue to cause the National Gov ernment trouble. Such acts speak plainer than words ;interpreted they mean just this— “ Permit us to mouopolian oflices, and to get our fill at the public crib as we did in days of yore, and we will be good citizens ; otherwise wo will be good or not, just as wo feel in clined.” Now thero is one thing we all should remem ber. The United States Government has been victorious in the late struggle. And all histo ry provos that victors, however, lenient they may feel, are never disposed to put men in place who have opposed them, until such have proved their friendship by deeds. Something more than words has always been demanded Judging from tho course of the Washington authorities, something more than words will he deraandod now. To those who have heretofore occupied no prominent position in public atfuirs, and who arc con tout now to pursue the even tenor of their way, we say—follow not those who would again lead you estray from the paths of duty ; '■—MBS -«Wa— q-n Shenandoah . — It appears that this craft ts still o,* oatilJ S havoc and devastation among American >ippiug ou ‘he high saa-u Too latest accounts "-’present < hlt *»w k destroying our whaler*. In Gonsequenoe of this, insurance policies o& finch aid difficult to bo .obtained, even at a high rate of premium. We learn also, that tho Captain of tho Shen andoah, when told of the termination of the war, “affected'’not to believe it, and still persisted in his unlawful course. The state ment of an Englishman, whote services wore attempted to be secured on board the &heuan doah, presents a very unfavorable pltcuro ol British neutrality. The way the ship was transferred, after being built, from one hand to another, the suspicious manner of her de parture from Euglish ports, and tho course pursued afterwards to fit her with I# r aim a ment all clearly prove, if not the diioet com plicity of the British Government in the trans action, at least a tacit acquiescence iu it. Our Trans Atlantic friends are shrewd at diplomacy, *ud at making “the case appear tho better reason,” but they will GuJ it and ilicult to recon cile their conduct iu the affair of the Shenan doah with strict propriety and the rules of in ternational comity. And then, how long a time must elapse be fore the commander of tiro Shenandoah can be brought to believe that the %var has really ended in this country ? Probably he will con tinue his disbelief a? long as he cm make it as profitable as he is now doing ; or. until he is forcibly and disagreeably reminded of the fact by a few telling allots from some of our naval cruisers. This latter style of finish to her career will most likely bs the real one, as some of the United States men of war ave now engaged looking after the temporal iater pst of the craft aad her crew, mktrnn ftl & ' Whovo DtciDEULT. —We notice some of the anti administration press in this Stale are c-ith« r continually grumbling and faft’t finding Be cause Gov. Johw.cn '.'ill not do thin?* wb •> will tend to bring the civil into cov.fi. :l wuh the military power ; or are endeavoring to create dissatisfaction in the minds of the people of Georgia, by fa >rping about tho acts of other Provisional Governors —acts wa.cfa 5,1 the end wi'd injure the Slates over which said Governor preside. We believe that most of the Provisional Gov ernors have taken too much responiibnifv upon themselves, and have exe'Ct-ed too much power. The military is supreme in eveiy fcouth ern Sfesle, and will remain supreme until iLe Slates adjust their internal afftirs accepia bTa to Congress Then, and net till then will the military be removed. „Ar.y deed of a Pro visional Governor which encourages the people to como into collision with the supreme power is wrong. The unti-administration press arc trying to piejiidin.- the peopie’against Gov. Johnson, bo causo he will not do something to keep up an unhealthy and injudicious excitement in tbe community. We trust the Governor will not allow himself to be deceived into committing any act that will create a disturbance between tho civil and tho military. The crusty grum blers haveno influence outside of their disor ganiging cliques. One reason why they desire things to go wrong, is because they think they can by tome hock or creek regain their waning power. The people are losing confidence in ilum and their doctrines, and unless something out of the ordinary course occurs, by-and-ly “Othello’s occupation will be gone.’ 7 Peace is death to thorn and their nef-cious calling Hence their great efforts in an underhanded way to keep up opposition to the government and go vein men t (tfi lals. Let the psop’e pay no heed to their covert incendiary appeals and demagoguical teachings. Both, i. followed, can result in nothing but harm. liro Statu of Affairs in Noutu East Geor gia—We regret to learn from our excharges that (herd is a very bad-state of affairs existing In North Erst Geotgia. If all reports arc (rue, the condition of things, is a lit tle worse than anarchy itself. The Editor of the Athens Banner slates that a gentleman recently returned from a visit to Habersham county informs him that while there he learned, from creditable persons, that a bad stale of affairs prevails particularly in Union and counties. lUhbery, bushwhacking, etc., seem to he the order of the day. It is veil known that, during the late struiglo the population in that section were divided in sentiment, and formed them selves into clans, somewhat after the (Sottish style. The feelings engendered during the war did not subside with it, and their perni cious effects are now being felt. fho 11.*.ti1,. I' ii.fo'n,;:rjt leamtff that there are some sort of military companies each in Union and Towns counties. A prominent Colo nel in tho late Confederate army visi ted his home in Union county ahd‘returned to Athene, without molestation. White theie, however, he was advised that it would be dan gerous for him to remain. Tbo Towns county company censured ihe Union county men for not killing or arresting him, and threatened Io arrest and punish them for their neglect. The Union men replied that theyvwouid be at acer- f tain placo on a certain day, when tho Towns men would have an opportunity of arresting them. It was generally believed that a pitch ed battle would be fougtit that dsy. No in telligence of the result has been received. We also learn that several citizens have re moved their families lower down in conse quence of the existing lawlessness. Tits Savannah & Gulf Railroad. —This mail is about tvo hundred miles in length, running from Savannah to Thomasville. The damage done it by the operations of troops under the -command of Gen. Sherman, ia more extensive perhaps, than the public have been led to suppose. The work of destruction was com menced at the Little Ogeechee river, and was thoroughly executed to the Alt vuriha river—n distance of thirty six miles, including ail the bridges and tvesUework. The rails are eo twisted and belli that but few of (hem can be used iti re-laying the road. A Rirge force is now employed in rebuilding the road, and it ia expected that it win be completed and in running order in ninety days. Running, us it does, through one of tho finest cotton regions in the South, and much of this article awaiting traffimortation iu ail the large and pcpulous. counties through which it passes, its early completion is look ad for with anxiety and impatience. At.oxo tub Link of Georgia Railroad.—The eid or of the Atlanta Era has been making a trip along ilie line of tho Georgia Railroad. He finds the corn corps locking very prptrisirg. The earlier corn, however, was too much scorched prior to the recent rain to admit of first rate crops, but tho late corn b;i3 been greatly benefited by the rains and now prom ise finely. The wheat crop was almost a fairer e. Many farmers did not. realize as much as they sowed The fruit crop was never better, peaches ore abundant and very fine, while the water melons are a dragoon the hands of rais ers. New York University asrkcal college . The winier session of 1365-06 of this excellent institution opens ou Monday, October lti, and will be continued till the Ist of March. This old and well established Medical College pre • scuts great inducements to young men design ing to enter upon a course in the study of med icine. Drs. Paine, Draper, Pest, Van Baren and other distinguished professional men are among the faculty. Letters of inquiry may be addressed to Professor Draper. President of Faculty, at 107 East Fourteenth street, N. Y. City. A Motemxt. — We learn that the Baptists of this State arc moving in the matter s os building a Female College in the city of Atlanta, which po'r.t they have selected on ! account of its centrality aud salubrity. The i Presidency of the college will doubtless be tendered to Rev. W. T. Brassily, D, D. whose eminent abilities and fervent piety amply qualify him to adorn that position. AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING. AUGUST 2 4, 1865. The Cevtual Railroad.—’ The Savannah lit raid publishes a very interesting sketch of i original projection and building of the centra! Railroad. It also gives and account of the present condition and affairs cf the road, j Here it is : I Tbe Central Road, with its branches, was in i complete running order and cpeiation on the Kta of November, 1664. It was on the 20 h ot the same month that Gen. Sherman, with h : formidable a.'iny,_ initiated that brilliant out terrible campaign, so pregnant with navoc o the roads of Georgia and South Cato- The worn. of destruction commenced •near Macon, and extended to within a few miles of this city, where he arrived on the 5.h of D *cembt r. Os the main line between Savan na ii and Macon, a distance of one hundred and ninety miles.one hundred and ihirty miles of the tiack, and all tbe bridges of importance were tffectually destroyed. The rails were heated, bent and twicted, rendering the major portion cf tin m useless. A lout seven miles of the branch Item Gordon to Eatonton, thirty— eight miles in length, was destroyed in like manner Ten miles of the branch from Mil ica to Augusta shared a similar fate, including the dost action of one’ important bridge. Ail tho station houses on the main line and branches oyer which Gen. Sherman passed, with three exceptions, pnJ all the water stations ' were destroyed. The woik of repair was begun at Macon, and on the Augusta branch immediately after I he Bsappcaranca of the army, and the road to Milled"/die, thirty-eight miles, was iu successful operation about, toe loth of January hist.; the work thence to Eatonton was prose cuted, with great vigor to completion in July The work ot re pans on the Augusta branch bad progress.d to a point about forty-six miles from Augusta early m February, when by au thority otan order from the Rebel Govern mint the work was suspend ad, and the rails, chairs, spikes, etc., were removed by said au thcrity to and used for relaying the Georgia Rail rend between Augusta and Atlanta and on tire Washington branch of aaid road. The estimated value of the road in its pres ent condition, wth its buildings, machinery, &s., is $8,500,000, and the good assetts $1,800,- 000 which can be made available for rebuild ing the read. The amount necessary for that purpose is estimated at about SI,OOO 000. • We Lave been informed by the acting Presi dent, that forty miles of the road will be com Dieted in three or lour weeks; aud that tho entire- road will be placed in complete naming order from Savannah to Augusta, by the mid die of November next. 'lhe President aud, Board of Directors, who appreciate the impor tance of th'-’, road ret only as connected with t ho great c< minerpial interests of this State, but of the whole country, are leaving po stone un turned to effect its curliest completion. The Herald st-tles that the road wiH be fin ished to a point forty-five miles from that city this week. It also cays a line of stages will be placed on'the route from tbe forty-five mile point to Wuynestrbro, to connect with the rail road leading to this city, This arrangement for the transportation of travelers and freight will continue, until the full completion of the road, which, as before stated, will be in the mouth of September next. ALEETEiI FBOM GKNiSR4L SIIKH'HAIV TO GsiKSitAt, jja vsmv. The Richmond R public coo'-Jua lUu fol lowing tetter never nerore published : Headq’kb, Military 'Division of the 1 Mississippi, in the Filld, J- Raleigh, N. C , Apiil 27, 1865 ) General Jonliston, Commanding Confederate Arm fcs' die., Greemborough: General : i herewith enclose you copies of lov Pi eld Orders, No. (15, which give Gea. Scofield lull and ample powers to carry into effect our convention, and I hope, at your per snnal interview with G -n. Schofield you eat isfi. and your mind of bin ability and kind dispo sition‘toward tho inhabitants of North Caro lina. l,i addition to the points made at our in terview of yesterday, 1 have instructed Gen. Schofield—to facilitate what you and I and all good men desire, the return to their homes of ih<> officers and men composing the army —to let you have of his stores ten days’ ra iions l'.n 25.000 men. We have abundance of provisions at More head city, and if you send trains hero they may go down with our trains and iv.tutu to Gieem-borough with the rations specified. Col. Wright did intend to send his con si mci ion train up .to-day, but did not get up his carpenters in Pine. The train, with square timbers aud carpen ters, will go up in ihe morning, and I think by tho morning, of the 29th your trains could iuu down < n the road and fail iu with ours of the 30:b. I tan hardly estimate how many animals, fit for farm purposes, will b “loaned” to the farmers, but enough, 1 hope, to insure a crop. 1 can hardly commit myself as to how far commerce will be free, but I think the cotton still in the country, and (he crude turpentine, will make money with which to procure sup plies. Gen. Schofield, in a few days, will be able to arrange -all such matters. I v/L-h you would send the inclosed parcel to Gen. Wilson, as it contains the Orders (15 and 66, to id instructions to icleaso all tho prisoners on the conditions of our conven tion. Now that the war is over, I am as willing to disk ray person and reputation, as heretofore, to heal too wound.j made by tho past war, and I think my feeling is shared by the whole army. 1 also think a smiiiar feeling actuates ihe mass of your army; but’there are some uuiliinking young men who have no use of e*- pen-mice, that, unless controlled, may embroil we ir neighbors. If we are ordered to deal with them it must be wi ; ,h severity ; but I ho;.e they will be managed by the people of tho South. . % 1 am, with respect, j, Your obedient servant, William T. Sherman. Official: Kilmcch Falconer, A. A. G. Tits Cas'iis—Curious Stasi-:tic3 about New York • —The population of New lork. in 1(156, was 1000. Iu 175(1,. o- e hundred years later, it was 10,381, and in 1856 it was (129.810, a growth of *wo hundred’ years. In 18(15 the population is 1 003,25. In 1859 the most cmi irrants landed in New Yo-k for the period from IS 17 to 1854, namely 390 000 ; the least land ed m 18(11, only G 0,529. In 1864, 182.916 landed. The down town wards are declining in population, beinir given no to business. The third ward bad 11,900 in 1845 ; now only 0.000 The “bio -dy sixth” still increases. The city is entitled to 7 state senators, 29 assembly men, 29 aldermen, 42 ..cauaciifliea. ihe real es>ate and personal valuation of the city is 5iG05,784:355. Thoraxes laid for 1864 are $17,246,5uit. The debt of the city is $34,142,- 52G.50. The Central Park is valued at $5,0(10,- Oi.i). i e coat of maintaining it in 1854 was 87 10 707. The probable real value of all the city parks is fifty millions dollars. Tue ex peaduarea of the board of education for 1865 were $2,298 503.08 ; the cost of the police was $2,124,047 50 Gov Johnson, of Ga —We need not ask the it'en iou of our readers to the admirable speech of Gov. Johnson, of Georgia, given on the first page, admirable in tone, and wise in Us leadings. President Johnson ia to be con gratulated upon his fortunate appointment. With such provisional governors we might hope something from even a faul y plan of re construction. And a bad governor wopld render useless any plan Hartford, Ci . Press, VISIT TO .'THE U HIS’PLS FILE WORKS. Location of the Works—English Prophesy vs. Yankee Ingenuity— The Process of Manufac ture -Crucibles — Steel—Files— Lkknt of the Business—Success of th- Enterprise. [Correspondence of the Advertiser and Tribune.] B fic-jf, July 15, 1865. About 20 miles from For.ton, on the line of the Boston and Maine Railroad, and a few miles this side of Lawn nee, in Baliardvale, which is a part ot the : >wn of uiidover, is situated a cluster oi industrial bnildings, iu which is carried on the manufacture of files under tbe celeb atei Whipple patent. Soffit y its ago, an American merchant, traveling in. England, while -.visiting U.r file manufactories of Sheffield, was told by evt- of the workmen, that whatever might be dr fin by the wonders of steam-power, cuttb g ffi-a cou and never be executed by luacMaeiy. Hi bad not calcula ied the extent of Yankca ingenuity. The eu terprisa of cutting yU-s la; machinery is here carried on to an immense extent, although the beginning was rather small. A portion of the buildings now used by the file works, former ly constituted the BHf&rdvaie Locomotive Woiks, but the disasters of the year 1850 fell upon them, the business was topped, and but little was 'done upon the file until some half a iiopen jtais ago, when ii>- cuffing was coin mencect tht.re upon ftiipuijed.scale. This was not successful, when tp* business was taken possession of by energetic hands, with enlarged and ample capital, and the result is a manu facture of fiies upon a most extensive scale, and also cf steel, the material of wcikman slup and other articles connected with the economy of the establisLitieut. To commence with the beginning, the first woik is a I*, tfery, for ihe manufacture of cru cibks from lumbago and tiny—a new adjunct of the works, for melting steel and brass. The crucibles are manufactured for use and sale, and the demand for them is .constantly in creasing. There fcayo ah« been recently add ed a puddling furnace —lor making iion, the business ot which wiil ba extended—and also a furnace fer converting iron into blister steel. The steel works for the manufacture of steel for flies, and also for sale and so order for tools and machinery, are quite extensive of themselves. Among other specimens which they were turning out, wfum we were present, was a heavy roller for a draw-bridge, and such woijiis poneisntjy called for. Steel is bo'h rolled and hammered. The number of melting furnaces is 32, each holding lour pois of steel, weighing 50 tc- 60 pounds to the pot, and averaging about i< nr tons a day in the xnanulactuie The ingots are rolled or ham mered as the service requires, that for files being rolled fd suit tho sy.e of every brdSelr aud variety of the manufacture, 'iho bars are cut by large shears into the required size lor forgiug. The forging is done in various ways —part by trip hammer, part by iuuu and some by rolling mill. Tne eteffi i.: then ready for annealing, which is done by packing several hundred dozen info large furnaces, heating them gradually, keeping ihe air from them ; after which they are allowed to cool off with out exposure, iho blank h straightened, and then ground by unproved machinery, to pre pare ic for the cutting machine;). These ma chines are of an infinite variety, cutting every loroi and description of file in use, from super fine goad smooth, smooth second cut, bastard cur, to rough cut, etc forms, rouiij, tnuao, halt rcacu, na’.r rquave, three square, flat, mm, Kfiitc, cant, slouing, horse rasps, aud &R other sorts iu use. The process of cutting by the multitude of machines for the various sizes and sorts—to see the plain piece of steel gradually converted into a rasp of the finest dr coarsest character—is very cuiious and interesting. The larg&room, 200 feet long, is fifed with the cutting machines, each intended for its particular cla33 a aad varie ty. The steel blank, of ihe size aud shape of the file which »sto be cut, is placed vertically in a groove, arid a sharp pointed tool affixed to a steel hammer, strikes each niche of the. file separately, with the ‘precision of cloc.kwoik, the blank changing its position as required, very slightly of course, turning or lowering in the groove, at each blow of the hammer. The nicety and precision of the machinery are amongst its wonders. The tender baa little else to do but to w itch the blank, aa it gradu ally becomes a file, from the comcneuccment to the conclusion of the work. * From the cutting factory the files are taken to a sorting room, examined, and all liable to defect of any kind thrown out; and the others are taken to the hardening shop,, where they are hardened by a peculiar process. They are first covered with paste, to prevent them from coming to the air, or being in the least in con tact with. Ihe lead in the “lead bath” to which they are subjected. After being cleaned, the tangs, or handles, are immeised in hot lead to temper or finish them. Tht; packing room comes next, where all the passed files arc taken aud closely examined by sound, each being handled by an expert, whose experience enables him to detect any delect or flaw of steel or manufacture, it such exists The next test is by drawing a piece of steel over the face of every file, which is the final trial of quality. They are then brushed out, and neatly packed; cased, and labeled, ready for the ma kefc. The number of files manufactured at the Whipple Works at present is about 500 dozen a day, though the capacity of the works is suffi cient to turn out 1,000, or oven more, daily.— Etch day’s work is made up every night, and a report of ovet v department is sent to the Presi dent’s office in Boston, at the close of every day. There are now about GOO persons on the pay roll of the whole works, some Toys being employed. Female labor has been introduced within a few months for the packing depart ment, and to run small cutting machines. The amount paid out to Ihe hand3 weekly, is $5,000. Each department or remove through which tho file passes, from the casting of ihe steel to the final finish for the trade, is separate and distinct, and ia this has been found much of the success of the enterprise, as compared with other similar attempls. There aro many processes, thus: Manufacture of Ihe steel, steel- cutting, taugir.g, pointing, annealing, straightening, grinding, cutting, sorting and stamping, hardening, testing and packing. The works hove grown immensely from the beginning made in the buildings of the Loco motive Works half a 'dram years ago, and they now constitute a large-and valuable series of buildings, almost entirely of brick and stope, several of them being iron roofed aud completely fire-proof. There are some twenty five in all, from the main machine building, which is three stories high, and is 200 by 40 dimensions ; the main sleet buiiding, fiai-hed last year, which is 2GO by 77 feet, the engine room in which are three en gines of 300 horse power, etc.,' etc. There are besides, long ranges o: coal sheds, and the company own quite a number of tenement buildings and boarding houses in the village for the use of their employes. At the- commencement of the business of cutting files by machinery the objection against the aitiffie appeared to be so determined among those front whom it was desirable to have a fair trial of them, that it might be im possible to surmount it. Like the Shefflsd artizaD, mentioned at the beginning es this letter, many people came to the conclusion, devovo ,— “lt can’t be done.” That is all over now. The machine cut files have won their way, and recommened themselves wherever they have been known, aud their superiority is acknowledge and. The effect of ttiis is seen in the vast increase of the Company’s work and ihe extent of its business They have been constantly improving upon their patents and making new inventions connected with them. Among their files in process of manufacture, VOL. LXXIV.-—NEW SERIES VOL. XXIV N0?36. are some ordeiel by Government, ll it, round and half round, 21 inches long, of a saperb woikmaaship and finish, which it would be impossible to obtain by hand manipulation. The business aitd trade of lie Company is spread over iho entire country. They have branches or agencies in New York, Philalel phia, Brooklyn, Chicago, St. Louis, and other cities. Their agents in Detroit are Messrs. James & Son. the well know Iftrdware dealers of Woodward .avenue. F. During a late debate in the British Parlia ment a member suited that in England and Wales alone there were a million of paupers, and five hundred thousand mi re on tho verge o? pauperism. The heavy national debt, and the h : gh taxes necessary to meet the interest upon it were assigned as the cause. The first attempt to colonise tho Western coast ot Australia is reported io have turned out a failure, ihe settlement at Camden Harbcr is to be abandoned as early as possi ble on account cf the want of fresh waiter and of tbe coarseness of the pasturage. - Merle d’ Anbigno, the well known author of the History of the Reformation, wrote to our Minister in bwilzeiland a very earnest and sympathetic loiter concerning the death of Mr Liu coin. Four English tourists were dashed to pieces on tho while attempting to ascend Mount Cevis^wUzirlund, July 15. Anew French hue of steamers is to be put pn between New York and Brest. The voyage is to be performed iu less than ten days. There.are 0.. e thousand laborers employed on the Spaui“h frontier in cutting the tunnel for tire railway through the Pyrenees. Vesuvius continues to emit fire from its principal month. Iu the opinion of competent persons, however, there appears to be no rea son to apprehend an imminent complete erup tion. & Anew and valuable deposits of guano bus just been uEcovtic-d on one of the West Ind a Islands. ' The new oeean steam lino fron Baltimore to Liverpool will ba ready for operation in Sep tember. A line is also about to be established iroßi Baltimore to Havana. . _ Anew English dictionary, of most exten sive and comprehensive character, is in course of preparation under the auspices of the British Philological Society. The fouiid'iiiou etono of an institution for the'“safe accomodation and reformation of females in a respectable position iu society addicted to habits of drunkeness,’’ was lftid at Edinburg, on the 17th, by the Lord Provost. A fine piece ol carpeting, measuring four teen feA by twenty, the first of the kmd manufactured in Austria, ha* just been placed in the museum cf Vienna. Represents a map of the railways af central Europe, and wfcs produced at Prague. As showing the value of land in tho city of London, it is noted that a piece ot land, oc cupying a site of 2500 feet, in Cannon street, »t the, corner of Swithia’a Lane, was lately sold for £30,600. At an usi ize court, in Franc ), a few days since,* a girl thirteen aud a half years of age was convicted of arson an€ of an attempt to poison her master and one of his laborers. She was ordered to ba confined in the House of Correction till the completion of her 18th year. Count de Beaujeu, who died recently in the largest' landholder in ihe provinrfP* He owned eighteen miles of terri tory aloDg the river near Montreal, and six teen muon tn-cit into the country. Anew Arctic expedition is proposed by em inent BriiLh navigators. Laird, who built the Alabama, has been re turned to the 8.-itish Parliament. * A wealthy old fnan just deceased in Paris, left 100,000 francs to a young man who* poliie iy gave up his seat to him one night at the crowded opera. The Fee;: dm bn’s Bureau in Mississippi. —The Tribune’s Washingtonspecial t savs : Avery sat isfactory statement of the operations of tho Freedmen's Bureau has been received from Colonel Thomas, Assistant -Commissioner for Mississippi The State is divided first, into throe districts. These districts are sub-divided by counties, each county being under the charge of a sub-committee, each of whom is provided with a complete set of orders, circulars and instruc tions for his work. The commanders of troops co-operate-heartily, and contracts have been registered and sinned by more than 50,000 freedmeu. Men are being arrested daily for abusing negroes throughout the State. Offi cers, with small escorts, are constantly trav eling about, making contracts and settling difficulties, and scattering general information. There are colonies of freedmeu at Davis’ Bead, Davis’ Plantation, Camp Hawley, and De Soto Landing, near Vicksburg, and the village of Washington, ru j nr Natchez. Wood-yards are established on several islands on the Mississippi, and all those enter prises furnish profitable employment for the additional ton thousand colored people con ducting them. Their crops took well, and the people are represented as-industrious and in good condition. Abandoned property in charge of Treasury Agents has been turned over to Colonel Thomas, and measures are be ing taken to secure possession of the same class of property in parts < f tho Stale recently com ing within the reach of the agents of the Bu reau. Three asylums for destitute orphans ara in. operation, and two more will be established. Schools are being opened. If is reported that the freedmen will support them) with a little assistance. Colonel Thomas mentions the total absence of law, both civil and military, in many parts of tho State, and a general disposition, on the part of the old planters to keep their former slaves under their control without paying them. Population and Valuation cv Boston. — This ciiy and immediate suburbs will show by the census now being taken a population of nearly so ir hundred thousand people, thus making this metropolitan district of Boston one of the greatest centres of population on this continent. The valuation of Boston and suburbs will nearly reach five hundred million* of dollars (the city alone having $370,000,000). This vast sum will place Boston as th« richest city per capita, probably, in tbe world. N. Yoik has some $700,000,000 valuation; Phila delphia, $150,000,000, Baltimore SIOO 000,000. The entire State of Maine has hut $100,000,000 valuation, or only one fourth the part of this city The Eleventh ward of Boston has near ly the same population as Portland, Maihe, and is almost a city iteelr, being in many res pects a distinct quarter. Since 1850 this ward his almost sprung into existence — Boston Post. Kesj-cckt Tobacco Chop.— From reliable in formation from various sections of Kentucky it has been ascertained that the growing crop of tobacco will be far Jess than that of last year, both in quality and quantity. 1% the more Southern portions of the State, and in Tenner-see, what is denominated as Clarksville Leaf is equally short., the impression prevailing that the yield will not much exceed half the usual average. A letter from Todd county, Kentucky, from an intelligent Obserever, who is not a tobacco grower or buyer, states the re sult of hia investigation that under the most favorable circumstances, a two-thirds crop, as compared withla-f year, wifi not be made this year in the whole region. With late planting and the hazards of early frosts, that estimate is very liable to tall short. An c-ffjrt to induce General Grant to recom mend for pardon numerous Southern general officers from Virginia, to enable them to par ticipate in the civil affairs in that State, has beed unsuccessful. NEW Sl MHAuY, It is stated with the aid of proper machinery, the mines already opened in Nevada vv .'J yield SIO,OOO pec month, or $120,000,000 per year. A fire at Greenpoint, LI, destroyed fifteen build.rgs and rendered about twenty-five families homeless. la a bed whieh was thrown out of cue of the houses was found a quantity of unfinished counterfeit fifty-cent, -stamps, with tho plates and dies. • The con: ; • feits are said to.be well executed, and would, no doubt, have soon been put in circulation. Cliambershurg, Pa., is fast rising from i is aMies. The Court House i./* under roof, three hotels are nearly completed, ami buildings ..ud business houses are going up in all directions Oae of the larges holds in the United Stales is soon to be erected in Newborn, N U Since the Ist of April, 1861, 100,000 whE w;;’ claims aud 75.000 invalids’ claim” have been sent to tho Pension Bureau for payment. Du - ring the last month there have been 2,259 widows’ claims received, and 80 rejected; also 1,948 invalids’claims, and 427 ’ejected. The Examiners’desks are still crowded wit a applications, which it will take a long time o examine and adjust. John G Breckinridge is expected at Montreal, August 13. Recruiting of seaman at Baltimore Nava! Depot has commenced. A man named Bright, at Leighton. Michigan*' shot a doctor named Colburn for kissing ids wife. Broadway New York and ■iome of the -other principal streets are now swept by a mac I iae in the shape of a wagon whh a levolving ff.n, which takes up ihe dust aud dirt thoroughly. A citizen of Woonsocket. R. 1., communi cates to the Boston Journal a statement con cerning the hours of daily labor in the facto - ries of that region. Hosays: “Many of the mills commence la this way—first bell in the morning at feur and a halt o’clock ; last boil at 5 o’clock, when all hands must bo at work; ring out at seven o’clock in iho evening. Tho help then iequire about kali ao hour to get home, wash aud get supper# They have half an hour, and in somejjeases three quarters oi an hour, for bieakfast, and three fourths of an hour for dinner.” The actual labor and con finement in the mills is from twelve end a half . to twelve and three quarters hours. Children of all ages from ten yeais old and’upward are thus worked and confined iu some of these mill 3. The black flag has been actually raiso’ 1 by contending parties in Mexico In tho more thickly setled portions of Texas, matters are getting quiet fast. There are now in this country from forty so sixty distinct tribes of Indians, numbering about 350,000 persons. They are principally scattered through the Western Territories. A man in Philadelphia recently lost $32,000 inU. B. bonds by the carelessness or evil de sign of an employe, who asserts that he found them iu a packing box (whore it seems the pro prietor had secretly despo3ited them,) 'and burned them as “iubbish-’’ William Cleveland has submitted a fies'gn for ihe proposed vault for President Lincoln’:: remains at Oak Ridge, Springfield, Illinois, which in all- probability will be adopted by the Monument Society, The proposed style of architecture is Gothic, and the structure is to be built of Joliet mar ble, highly polished ; the chapel in front of the cataehmb is bf be eight by ton id dimension ; the floor ol *ite and blue marble, alternate squares ; tbe roof of marble, with heavy m Gil Jed joints ; the walis of the chanel to ha two feet six inches in thickness ; the ceiling to h# finished with grained arches. Mat Saxton, the notorious guerrilla loader, i3 on trial before a military commission in session at Memphis. The use of dummy engines on passenger railway cars has proved a perfect success in Chicago. Thirty Laplanders, dreesedin furs and skins, accompanied by twenty Swedes, have arrived at St. Paul, to settle in Minnesota. Young Starkweather, living near Hartford, Conn., whose mother and sister were found horribly mangled by an axe and knife cuts in various parts of the body, confesses to having committed the awful murder* as well as setting the house on fire to conceal the crime. The theatieai wardrobe of John Wilkes Booth, which was picked up from the wreck of tbe schooner Mario Victoria, has been said at auction in Canada. Cotton is selling in [-Montgomery, Ala., at 28 to 32 cents per pound. Colonel A. P. Wetter, iate of the Southern army, has gone to Germany to make .arrange ments for a great emigration movement to southern Georgia. It, is intended to sidl or lease land to these immigrants at their option. The ancient Forrest divorce case is abount to be reproduced before the courts. This time the plantiff will eud< ro get it before tbe Supreme Court of the United States. A patty of men just returned from the Plains brought with them a ycung buffalo, wbh which they astonished the deniz-. n3 of St. Joseph, by diiviug it loose through the slrceis of that city. The prize money from about 500 naval cap tures is announced for distribution at die Fourth Auditor’s Bureau. Gen. B F Butler, has given SI,OOO to found a scholarship in Wat.erville college, from which institution bo was graduated in 1838. The New Jersey peach crop promise to be larger than ever tffis year. MV. Win. Pest, a westward bound traveled lately had an apoplectic fit at tho and. got at Cleveland, and, while insensible, was robbed of $15,000. During the brief period that cur armies held possession ot Louisana, 126 schools, with 230 (ecchc-rs, 15.000 children ia d»y schools, and 5,000 adults in night schools, were established for the instruction of the colored race. The General Land Office has prepared a pa tent in favor of Minnesota for 12,176 acres, an ewamp lands inured to the State under the act of Congress of March 12th, 1860, tho lands be ing situated in Forrest Ciiy District. A gold operator in Wall street N. Y. named Mansford, gave out checks for $250 000 which he received on Saturday from other parties and on Monday was missing. Tho Missouri Emigration Board prep •ec to erect a large number of cheap houses in Bt. Lonis, for the benefit oi the wergingmen. Ihe St. Louis grain elevator wiil soon be completed and in operation. This buildmg is 250 feet long, 85 wide, 128 h ! gh on the land side and 171 on tho river and contains 103 bins with a capacity of 1,2000,000 bushels. - It is expected that ~100,000 bushels of gi ain per day can be uaadled easily. In addition t.»the ordinary uses of an elevator, arrangements are in progress by which 10,000 bushels of grain can be daily sacked for reshipment or other purposes. A . quarantine of thirty aa.73 is enforced on all vessels arriving at Charleston from the West Indies. General Beauregard takes his depsrtrrc in a few days for Europe. It is said that he intends offering his military services to Louis Napo leon. The Federal Government permits him to go, subject to the pledge of never fighting against, the United States. The merchants of St. Louis are moving to bring about a grand congress, tp meet at St. Louis at an early day. »rom ail Southern and Western States will be invited- Difficulties between whites aud colored la borers are occurring at Shreveport, La. A Brazil emigration party is organizing at Ncf'clk, Vs, Some of the more popular ballads of the war havs sold immense editions. Os “ Who will Care for Mother Now,” 491,0000 copies have been disposed 01, and of “Mother would Com fort Me,” 227,500. liaihoad communication between Petersburg, Ya . and the interior of North Carolma is com pleted. A great deal of cotton is arriving at the former place. NEW (SUMMARY* p Th. Mshimoir. > Rmclmro mentions the re*" c s pt<u ibid city of immense' mechmery for a v ryexrt sire cotton factory 1 to go up in the int h* of v -Leo Th?y have the best water power, ah ' the cotton ra's and in Mexico is on* 1- run c 1 by -.V Boa island, .but there ia 00 toe F seffic ;lor.a Buie land which will raise c-.iiou, on: v; ; f rains or irrigation, while h.'.nds. «Y. ;-;.e , mage,can seldom be relia b'v o- i-i'-jiiage, tho essence of which >.c ':■■■ is ; rosfait tig a man to work cut advan ces so -b> and bk family for their support in Co’ hr ; . uc: his labor te be given, is not .mu h of a dependence ia a country where a m .-•) can o easily uia away, and requires bo ltttie i r h:s sustenance. The first at: o i; tto colonize the Western c: t : fAusiraU reported to have turned out a fa:lure. The settlement at Camden Har r tc !;:• abandoned as early as' possible on hoc.'. 1 of the want of fre«h water and of the C(Kore:.a-8 of ihe pasturage. • The same paper wh ich g' : ves ibis is fee malior, the South Aua ralian Register, adds another melancholy chapter Jo tho account :of Australian explora tio: 1 - Th:' three leaders of the last expedition Ranter, Harding and Goidwyer) have nr.r i .-red by the aborigines. They werWolltivP':: ar--at numbers of the natives, who speared tbm through and pinned them io tbe ground Rising in spite of their wounds, r: y killed fdietm of their foes, but were over c u> 3 at-last, and they and their hoYses werot kivcd with clubs. The information is accep ted 1.0 genuine by tbo authorities. A brother of Charier Dickens, residing ia Chicago, bad throe children bom to him a week ago. lE h wife gave him the Dickens that time certain. The gpid and silver coinage at the San Fran cisco mint during the last fiscal year amounted to nineteen millions of dollars. * llcv. Mr. Woodbridgo, rector of Monumental Church, Richmond, lias been airested. Sonia weeks since ho wrote a private - letter to a friend in the North, giving it as his opinion I bat tbo two pec pie, though the war was oyer, con’d never live together in friendship and peacq. The friend forwarded the letter to the comminandant of the post at Richmond, and Mr Wood bridge was arrested. Too Baltimore aDpointments were finally set tled by a compromise, the Winter Davis men g-I ting five end the Swan party four of the contested places. There lv 0 now four direct lines of communi cation between Richmond with the North ia aciive operation. The Corenv sinner of Internal Revenue has dicidt-a that a Biblical mop is not a 4 ‘religious tract,” within the meaning of the law, and per s:>r;:: peddling the b.m-e must have a peddler’s Reense. Pump logs, bored for ueo a3 water pipes, are not taxable manufactures. Interest paid to'depositors bv Savings Banks is consul ci od a dividend, within the meaning of sec tion 120 of the law, and the tax of five per cent, should bo withheld therefrom and paid to Government. An “undertaking on clam of a third party,” under New York statute, is a oint, agreement, and is subjoeif to a stamp duty oi live per cent. G on. Palm or the commander in Kentucky, thinks there arc only about sixty-one thousand slaves now in ihat Ft ate. 'Quite a number of tne negrers onfSt. Helena Island, Carolina coast, have Government guns in their hands, ao.-i are organizing into squads for sdlf-p. Qt lion. * The (E vorhos of Wisconsin, lias filed in the General Land Office a map of the line the routs “ot the Chifcago & Northwestern Railroad, .au t borlze l by re • • '-utiou of Congress and approved April 25*h. 18C2 As oriffinaliy located the road ran in a Northwesterly direction, from the town of App . ton on Fox river to tho State line between Wiscon-fin and Minnesota. Aa chang ed, the road follows along the river to its mouth, to Green B :y, therr-sp ihe shore of the lake, striking tire btate line near the mouth of Menomonee river. ;he work of defending tho leading North ern harbors still progresses. The Houston Texas Teilegraph says whisky sellers bave to pay. dearly for the privilege of furnishing cur people with their bitters. The State license costs two hundred and fifty dol lars The county another Who hundred and fifty dollars yearly. Then comes the military tax oi one hundred monthly, making twelve hundred dollars more, and the whole amount ing io ihe snug little sum of eighteen hundred and fifty dollars annually. Rati -’ey trains in Virginia run at the rate of twelve miles an homtpcly. Ana r sire lire occurred iu Toronto, G. W on the 7th inst' L'oeb's3o,ooo. Gen. Hilroy is in New York city. He is new out of sf-rviee. There is no truth in the rumor that John Mitchell has been released aud has gone to California. New York Ciiy is thronged with Southern ers. Twenty-two past offices were ro opened in the Southern States in the week ending Aug gest 5' The eleventh National Horse Show will be held at BpringfieM, 111., for six days, commence ing August 21 u and ending with the 2Gtb. The official figures show that of the 209,900 persons em'grated from the United Kingdom •*«! year, there vent <0 the United States 147*. 042; Cf n'ral and South America, 2,963; Canada 11,759; New Biunev/ick. 396; Nova Scotia and Capo Brct-'-n. 433; Tuploria, 13.909; Queens land, 1783; Now Zealand, 11,970. The National Era, which suspended publi catioa at Washington about five years ago, is out to ba revived, and will advocate negro suffrage. Toe S crci iry cf the Treasury has decided that aU bonds, treasury notes, and other obli ge.! I'.ns of tho United States are exempt from tax'V.i. n undt r shite or municipal authority. Ibe Unit-id Stues Treasury has a sufficient cm-.nnt of funds in the vaults to pay every dollar of indebtedness to the army. A mill: >ry commission convened at iho old c -pDi prison on tire Bth inst, for the trial of par ties confined there charged with politi cal cif wuh the view of accelerating the clear; g c-uo of that institution. A large number of valuable United States steam:vs wiil l cold at the Washington Navy Yard on the 19th inst. Junius P rksr, E-q.," has been appointed Collector of Customs for the District of Wil mingt n, N. O. At .ham Lincoln rad Jefferson Davis wgre born in 'the game Congressional district “of Ken ;eky, --i v?i; bin ihe s uno twelvemonth g T : • York State Fait this year is to be hr/ .1 A ULei. Hqit. 12.1i, 13:b, 14ih and 15th. The IE 7 York Commercial says General Butler.w.-.s unable to obtain an interview with the P"" ’- ■■ Ho went to Washington to proem e ihe accept -.cco cf his resignation or cLe his a--'g' intnt to active duty in the ne giolit", th- only c partment now ope** to ftinbiiion. Ho : s now on way to Baratoga, wherj. he will raf-ka a speech and his ideas of how tLishould be managed generally. The vigilance committee in Walla Walla, j Washington Territory stiil continue their epe ■ rations. S A horrihlo ctime has been committed in the ! Mexican Gulf, on board the ship Hydea ! bc-nud to-La P.;z, with several lamililes from J M:-z :tinn 03 passengers. A French sailor .na ied M-:gue, togeieer with a Greek and an Italian, made an attack upon the passengers and in;*->d in cold bipod eighteen per sons, r.mii.g them Sc nor Chao, a Spanish gen tleman, ami ;-x in-rubers of his family. E ga ton ycung < biidren of both sexes all fell victims to tin knivea of the monsters. At the las’test dates they had not yet been apprehend ed. , Th* q-i . lty of a’e and beer manufactured in Chicago fiomth. Ist of October, 1864, to 'the it of August 1865, ten months, was. 138,- 1 178 barrels, which, at the same rate. (_would i give 165,804 barieia lor a year.