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£ jsk turn NOKTH-U E»T£KS 7 EI.E”H AHIIIC t'O.MMI MCAIIO.K W I HI MHGI*/. The great accident which r . . iy ho;>< ntd to the Atlantic Telegraph c»!m! !n mid-oce a and the general appreheß ion t}• i; it cur m ve t be repaired, will attract public attention »o the second which aims to belt the alone through the stepper of Tiu-t.-iry und the iuhos pit able wilds of Russian Siberia. As early as IS il the Ru ?iar. government had extended its lit.«* of communication from S* Petersburg via Moscow and the great mart of Novgorod to Irkoul-k on I ike Baikal in S he rla. From thence it probably now roaches across the Altai mountains to the brisk IPUe trading town of K ikhta on the Ci'inc.-o fi. atier From this point i; will run to N rtchnsk, on the head-waters of the Amour, and from thence to Nekolaivsk, a: it m b, a dlst urcu from St. Petersburg of seven thousand miles. Here the Russian woik ceases, and the work is to be taken up by M • !* ■ y. UcD. Collins and bis associates. The Uu»b;- government has made grants of a liberal chaini.U-r, and allows the company tlie c tl-isivu j -ivi!cg> of operating the lino lor tin. • y :Lu-e y ns. throb is the state of thing.; on u.e old world tide. From San Franck co to Ike mouth, of the Amoor, across th; North Lfl.r.u ' is more than three thousand m;ic > ; and op the coast along which the workti. u a; ady creep ing, tt»o distance U pore ti u: lout thou- did miles. About this itch, ths uoe x of which will be in latitude sixty-six, at. Beriiir.gnj Strait, it Is expected that tiro work wi it be t -mpleted Within two years- s >!ii} say in 1866. 1 lie die tancs across the Htr.iit is about our hundred inilej, hut an intervening is- rud will rou I r it | unnecessary to subrnpi more than two bun 1 dred aud fifty miles at a sir.dch. The line will be comoie 1 1 throu. li -a large part of the Frazer fiver valley (be present season. Miics February last two hundred ami fitly men have bee i :vt work upon this section of it Next spring there will be on the ground, the wire and all materials necessary for >ho i remainder of the route on ibis continent. The materials will Include two hundred miles of submarine wire. Colonel llulkley, tin euporiatondout, an 1 his stuff, left San Francisco in the Golden trite ou the 10th of July. Tin George S. Wright, a propeller, the kuqaes Clara Beil and Palmetto, and schooner Miibri Badger, accompanied. Secretary M .'ulloch has also placed at his command the revenue cutter Shubrlck. The Golden Gate, as she proceeds north wird, will stop at tin. mouth of the Kvichpuck, which is a great liver, with a deita one bun deed miles wide, reaching from (it deg 30 min. to 63 deg. 11 ire Mr Kcnnicott and party will disembark. 1' will be their duty to as cend the river and explore its course—some thing which his never been dune heretofore, although some Russians attempted i! fifteen or twenty yeard ago. It is supposed that the Kvichpack is the same stream as the You ken, into which the Polly river of British America .empties. Major Pope will go up Frazier Tiver, and down Rip Polly and Youken to meet him. Colonel Bulkley will also land a party at the mouth of the Anadir liver, at latitude (15 deg, , in Siberia, and it will be their duty to :i*cond tbit stream, and they will be met by another party, to be neat put by M>j >r Abusa, a Bus sian nobleman, who, after having -in lie.l (be telegraphic business in the l: iiited States for several years, lias taken part in the undertak ing. With St. Petersburg, Landau is already con nected, and from the Amoor lines will reach Japan and Pekin, and wo the ends cl the earth be brought together Everything thu ; far indicates that the tele graphic communication with Furope by way of Behring straits will prove a sucoeissul en terprise. N S. MORSE. Thr Sckz Canal —The opening of the Su< z Civnnl inaiks an important era in commerce. It is simply, however, a renewal of a very an cient enterprise which wo hope is now destined to find a lasting realization. In the time of Se«ostria and the Ptulem js, long helbro the Christian era, and to a period subsequent to the division of the Ancient lloman Empire, there were tree commercial com munications from Europe to the East by moans of a canal very nearly on the route of the present line. It was destroyed during the Saracen wars, and its reconstruction was planned by the li:st Napoleon and executed by the inheritor of his policy and Empire. The Suia Ship Canal shortens in ■ route of ooumerco more than one-half, end dispenses with the long and tedious pasrano to India, via the Cape ot Good Hope, ivy.larui oppos ed the undertaking as long as .he con'd, lor the reason that the control by France tn this new and short route to luma boded no good to her Eastern possessions. iLo neutrality ot the canal is .seemed by international Creasy be tween most ot the great poo i- of Europe, but it remains to be seen lu>w far, in e-. eof w r, mere parchment regulations can overrule mili tary necessity and the law of the strong band. In case this canal ehou'd be continued in working order, and there is no teas: si it should not, unless modem eugiueerirg skill proves in ferior to that of the ancients„the results will | be highly beneficial. The teas, silks, and oth i er pro iucts ot the East will be conveyed to ; the West in one half the present time and j distance, thus ieducing the cost to consumers ; proportionately! It will also open new mar- I kets to Western commerce, and fa, litre the ! Interchange of commodities, and thus tend to promote neace and prosperity by um tying the prejudices as well tvs the natural \ ;.rkrs .hat asperate men and nations. .,rg> R£r-» Oottox in Cota mlic —1 he Columbus papers of Sept. 13, state that cotton was decidedly flat in that city. It was selling at frern seven tseu to eighteen cents in gold. Grand Lodgb or F. A. M the Grand Lodge of F. A. M , of Georgia, will met fin Grand communication at the Masonic Hall in )iacon on the 25th day of tXtobei next. * jj^| | -.1 ■ THE CONFEDERATE COTTON LOAN. —The so • lowing are extracts from a decision of Vice- Chanctllor Sir W. P. Wood : According to the recognized law of nations -and all the autho ities were clear upon this point—when ade facto Government had been purpeiseded or put ao end to. the displacing Government succeeds to all the lights ot the facto Government; but the United States Government could only take cotton, because li • I been the produce of funds raised by the de facto C< ntederate Government, not by rob bery or violence, but by the ordinary course f taxation, and because they—the Unite 1 States Government—were now tbe de facto Government of those States in which the funds bad been raised. Speaking of tho Confederate Government Vice Chancellor Wood observes : That Government was an actual and de facto Government, txvrcising authoriiy,, and as such receiving submission Ti e Courts of every country recogniz 'd a dc facto Govern meat, and they could not allow the rights and contracts acquired by their own suljects with an existing Government to be disregarded. The displacing Government succeeded to the property ol the displaced Government ia the .-'a'eiu which ic was found, and subject to all ngieeraenls affecting it,’-i The London Telegraph in remarking of this decisions comments thus : The unquestionable deduction from this de e' eouis: Either the United Stales must take upon itself the payment of the Confederate Gotten Loan, or it must allow those States which were lately conk derated to fulfil their engagements in respect to it. We dr not think the United states Govern ment will do either. If it does, it will depart from the policy it has alieady announced. British war creditois of the South will un doubtedly have to -balance their claims by piofit and iosa. Qur Government ian neither bo intimidated by threats noy compelled to do anything it desires not to.by any foreign power. Tub Union Pacific Railway.— The Pittsburg Gazette, in commenting upon a recent report of the Government Directors of the Union Paci iic R filway, which is to run west from Omaha fr rough C-dorado and Utah, to Nevada, says : “The Pacific railway begins at Omaha, in Nebraska, a city on the Missouri river, extends wcßtwariily through too fertile region of the Platte valley, and thence through the rich (and yet undeveloped) mineral regions of the great West to the borders ot California, where it connects with a railroad traversing that State to the Pacific ocean. “The Platte val'ey where this road is con- Irucfed, will soon, fill up with a farmiog popu lation, who wjil find an expansive maiket for all their produce in the raining regions we3t of there; aud as soon ay the raiiroau rpndpis these mining regions accessible, the tide of settlers will How in thither with as strong a volt.me as into California ia the days of tho golff dis coveries. All that >a wanting to render Colo rado and ether Western Territories populous, and as productive in mineral wealth as Cali forma, is the construction of this road. “In (he course of (hreo years trom this date, the road can be finished to the base of the Rocky Mountains ; in (he course of seven years, it can bo finished throughout ils entire length, and we have good authority for ex pressing the opinion that by that Time the rice auriferous deposits of the Rocky Mourr tain range wilt Lo sufficiently developed to pour into the lap of Northern conjmeice from three to live hundred millions annually. A prospect so grand and so exhilerating as this, might well prompt tho nation to Herculean eff'oita for tlie earliest possible completion of the road.” Our eolemporay slates that one of the great est drawbacks to the early completion of the road is the delay ol the lowa railroad compa nies in extending their roads to Omaha.— Their extreme western extension is one hun dred aud thirty miles east of that place. The Gazette suggests that if they do not fin sh their connections soon, Congress ghould reclaim the donations of land that have been made to them. Tub Socru Carolina Railroad —Wo are gratifi and to announce that tho President of this toad, Mr. Magrath, has returned aud reports having been ( omple'cly successful in procuring iron and other materials for the construction of th’S road. By tbe first ol October the com munication between Charleston a”d Columbia will, in all probability, he re-established, and the iron is now on its way for the benefit of the II imburg road. Tue entire work is now progressing as raoidly as possible. Cotton at Rome Ga.—At last advices from Rome, Ua., cotton was selling at twenty-nine euts for middling. llon R M. T. lluntkr. —This gentleman left Savrnnah for New York by steamer last week. His destination is not yet ktiown. Tub Emperor, of Brazil.— Pedro 11, Empe ror of Brazil, who recently placed himself at the b vid of his forces, and arrived at Buenos Ayres, escorted by French, English, and Itali iau men of war, is now in his forty-third year, and remaikable, among crowned heads, fer his good looks and his energetic character. He is accompanied by the Duke of Saxe, and by his secretary of wav, a descendant of Cabral the principal discoverer of Brazil, and bearing (he same name. His wife is a Neapolitan princess of the exiled Bourbon dynasty. They have no sous, and of their two daughters one has recently married her cousin, a son of the Prince de joinviile, whose wife was a sister of (bo emperor. Both the prince and bis sons, the Cos nt of Cuarli ess, are well remembered in this country, the latter having taken, to gether with the Couut of Paris, an active part in McClellan's campaign in Virginia. It is probable that the throne of Brazil will revert to the Count of Chartres if the present em peror sl-.ould die without male issue. In re gird to tht Duke of Sixe", who follows the em pi-ror in the war with Paraguay, it remains .to be seen whether he will prove as able a gener al as the celebrated Field Marshal Saxe of the eighteenth century. Tub Virginia Gold Mines.— The gold mines in Virginia are very attractive to the capital ists of the North, 'who are organiz'ng forces to work them in a s ientific manner. Gen tlemen familiar with the of California represent the gold regions of Virginia equal in richness to those of that region, while they possess additional attraction in the fact that thev are within thirty hours of the great cen ter of capital and labor, New York, and have tacUities ot communication by rail, canal, river, Gm . which no new country cau possess Mr. Wiekcff, owner of the Melvin gold mine, on the Rapidan river, has returned from the N-jrtb. with seventy-five mechanics and miners and is getting to work iu earnest to derelope the wealth of his possession. The company owning the White Hall gold mines are resum ing work with one hundred hands, and are about erecting the largest stamp mill in the South, and contemplate having thirty stamps iin operation before the end of th’-s year. The - Bowden copp.v mines are being re-opened, and . hundreds ot not yet tapped but e iniliy vist | ble mines, are temptiig. invito g capital, skill : and labor, to come to develop* their hidden | wealth. AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 27, 1865. The United States Capitol Extension — The Library of Congress— Th£ Dome, &c.— The work of removing the old walls, &c., adja cent to the room of the Library of Congress, preparatory to entering upon the work of exten sion, has been commenced, and already a por tion of the north wing has been cleared out pre paratory to the reception of the material. An appropriati m of $ 160,000 was made at the last session of Congress for this work, and the con tract was awarded to the Architectural Iron works of New York, at $'149,863. Each wing will he nearly 100 feet in lengih and 29 in width, with four tiers of alcoves instead of three, as* in the present library, and with the old library will lorm an E. It is expected that the north wing wiil be ready for use in December and the south wingin May nex‘. Theworkjm the wings will be in keeping with the old library, except, Restated, there will he one more tier of alcove’s. The ceiling will finish with a cove springing from the upper cornice of the alcoves, instead of the consoles. The capacity of the present library is for 38,000 volumes. The proposed wings will accommodate 76,000 and the attic story 20,000, making the total capacity of the enlarged room 134,000 volumes. It is also proposed to fit up two rooms on the lower floor for reading rooms, while the office of the library will be in the second story. The porticoes on the cast front of the Captiol completed, and at present the mono lithic columns are being set on the north front, the traverse crane used to set the east portico of the Senate wing having been moved around and lengthened fir this work, it being about seventy five feet l%h, and probably the largest crane ot 1 c kind in the world. Secretary 11a * n was present last week when the first of the columns was set, and severa! fine photographic views of the work was taken by Mr. Waiter, Photo grapher of the Treasury Department (also em ployed at the Capitol.)’uicluded in W’hich were Secretary Harlan, B. B. French, Jr., Engineer in Charge, and others. The third column will be set in its place to-day, and this poitico will be completed by the Ist of December. By May it is expected that the remaining portico on the north wing will be completed. Tlie iron work upon the dome is very nearly completed, and by the meeting of Congress there will Ep no reason >vhy visitors cannot get a3 high up in the world as possible. The iron stairway, which is of easy ascent, has been completed to the tholus, and the gaspipes have been put in their places around the cornices in side tlie dine. It is proposed that the seven hundred burners in the dome, which otherwise would require much labor, shall be lighted and exlingpisfied by means of elecliieity, A fresco on a grand scale, representing the apotheosis of Washington, covering an area of over six thous and square feet (some of the figures being eigh teen feet in length) is being laid on the interior of the dome, IS J feet above the floor of the ro tunda. Washington is in the centre, supported by Justice on one side and Peace on tho other, encircled by a halo ot female figures, represent ing me tl jrteen original States. 'This is sur rounded by six groups in the following order:— War, with the Goddess of Liberty prominent, sword in hand, beneath whom js seen the ermine representing royalty, with figures representing Fire, Famine, Pestilence, Discord, fitc, Science iirt p ented by the Goddess Minerva, with whom are seen Franklin, Fulton and others. Marine is represented by Neptune, Commerce by Mer cury, Mechanics by Vulcan, surrounded by loco motives, parrot guns, mortars &e, Ag iculture, by the Goddess Cares, who appears seated on a reaping machine. This is being done by C. BrumidL' Mr. Walker, who had been the architect of the Capitol extension for some years, resigned ill May last, ana was succeeded by Mr. li. IT French, as Engineer in Charge, who has since Superintended the vvork, all of which is being pres? set! forward as rapidly as possible. — Star. Arabin Laughing Plant. —ln Palgrave’s “ Central and Eastern Arabia,” some particulars are given in regard to a curious narcotic plant. Its seeds, in which the active principle seems chiefly to reside, when pounded and administer ed in a small dose, produce effects much like those ascribed to Sir Humphrey Davy’s laugh ing gas ; the patient dances, sings, and performs a thousand extravagances, till after an hour of great excitement to himself and amusement to the bystanders, he falls asleep, and on awaking has lost all memory of what he did or said while under the influence of the drug. To put a pinch ol this powder into the coffee of some un suspecting individual is a not uncommon Joke, nor is it said that it was ever followed by seri ous consequences, though an over quantity niight perhaps be dangerous. The author tried it on two individuals, but in proportions, if not absolutely homcepathic, still sufficiently minute to keep on the safe side, and witnessed its operation, laughable enough, but very harm less. The plant that bears these berries hardly attains in Kaseem the height of six Inches above the ground, but in Oman were seen bushes of it three or four feet in growth, and wide-spreading. The steins are woody, and of a yellow tinge when barked ; the leaf of a dark green color, and pinnated, with about twenty leaflets on cither side ; the stalks smooth and shining ; the flowers arc yellow ; and grow in tufts, the anthers nu merous ; the fruit is a capsule, stuffed with a greenish padding, in which lieembeJed two or three blagkseeds,in size and shape much like French beans ; their taste is sweetish, but with a peculiar opiate flavor ; the smell heavy and almost sickly. How Bananas are Eaten . The fruits ot the banana and plantain arc eaten in a variety of ways. They form alike the savoury and sweet dishes in their native lands, and whichever way they are treated they are always much esteemed. Both raw and stewed they are served up as a dessert fruit; sliced and fried with butter, they arc considered a great delicacy, They are also used for making puddings, the pulp being pounded or beaten up into a paste ; simply boil ed they are frequently eaten with salt meat,- But, whichever way it is taken, the banana is equally nutritious and wholesome. The ex perience of M. Boussingault in testing the nu tritive qualities of the Banana is very intereslin g He says : “ I have reason to believe that the nutritive value of the banana is supeiior to that of the potato. I have given as daily rations to men employed at hard labor abput six and a half pounds half ripe bananas and two ounces of salt meat.” Nor is this fruit valuable alone when freshly gathered ; unlike most fruits of a similar succulent nature, it can be manufactur ed into a highly nutritious and valuable meal. This is effected by depriving the fruit of the out er skin, then cutting it in slices and thoroughly drying it in the sun, after w T hich it is powdered and sifted. The sliced or preserved Iruits like wise form an important article of trade in the Society Islands., Minute Animals. —Plancus collected 6000 shells of foraminifera from an ounce of sand from the shore of the Adriatic. Soldani collect ed from less than an ounce and a half oi rock from the hills of Casciana, in Tuscany, 10,454 fossil shells. Several of these were so minute that oOOweighed only a grain. AmlD Orbigny. fovjnd 3,840,000 specimens in an ounce of sand from the shores of the Antilles . Iron in the Blood. —M. Pelouze ha# been making investigations respecting the quantity of iron contained in the blood of various animals. He finds that the blood o r birds contains, per 10,000 parts by weight, from three to four parts of iron, and that the blood of man, and that of mamtniferous animals generally, contains from five to six parts of iron per 10,000 parts of blood. Who are Entitled to Fessiojw. —Front a synopsis in Peterson's Counterfeit Detector and Bank No e List, for Sept-mber, we ex tract tbe classification of persons who it has been decided are entitled to pensions : F rst, Invalids, disabled since March 4, 1861. in the naval or military service of the United .states while in tho line of duty. Second. Widows ot t fficers, soldiers and sea men who have and ed of wounds received, or dis ease contracted in service as above. Third, Children under sixteen yeais of age, or either of the deceased parents, if there is no widow surviving, or from the time of the wid ow’s re-marriage. Fourth, Mothers of officers, soldiers or sea men deceased as a orementioned, aud who are dependent on the sou for support whole or in pj.t Fifth, Sisters under sixteen years of age dependent in said deceased brother wholly or in part for support, provided there are none of the lust three classes above mentioned. In order to have said pension commence when the service terminated, the application tbvre.or must be made within a year of the discharge ol the invalid or discease of tbe ofliier, soldier or seamen, us the case may be. Rates ol pension—Lieutenant colonel and officers of higher rank, S3O per month ; mujor $26 per month; first iiiutenaut, sl7 per mouth; and enlisted men, $9 per month. Only one full pension vvili be allowed to tbe relatives of a dece-.tsed so’filer, and in the order of prece dence as above mentioned. Operation of Trepanning Among the Ka byls. —M. Amedse Paris,the learned physician and m.turaiist, has recently communicated to the academy m-w aud surprising facts with re lation to cephalic trepaning as it is practised by the native physicians of Aouress, a pro vience in Constanliuej and tbe author sketches traits of Berber customs, v hich deserve to be known. 'lke instruments used in (he above mention ed operation are frightfully larga. In the first place, by means of a prunning knife, or a poor IBz >r, they remove, by four incisions, a square portion of the soaip. •Then with the rid of two saws—one single, anti ' the other double—and of two elevators—one straight, and tho other bent—They make a square opening in the pvauium, after which this open ing is Covered by a piece of concave copper, which covers the wound, and is pierced with holes, through which suppuration takes place. Other ho’es, upon the edge of tbe dise, hold the cords which lasten it to the head. Wealth of Boston.— ihe valuation of the real aud personal estate of Boston for 1864 and 1865 are as follows : 1864. 1865. Real Estate $lB2 072.300 $201,628,200 Personal Estate. 150,377,660 170,263 875 Tolal $332/149.900 $37 1 892,775 Increase $37,442,875 In noticing the increase of valuation in the citii-s it should bo remembered that a large amount of capital has been annually transfer red to Government securities, which not being subject to taxation, are excluded frem the valuation ; hence the figures do not show the actual increase ot wealth. The number of polls in Boston in 1865 was 34 704; against 32.832 in 1864 Boston there fore, has about $l,lOO for each voter. Ths Tobacco Tax.— The Commissioner of Agriculture, in speaking of the tobacco crop in the United States, says that the lessened consumption of tobacco in coLS.quencc of the high internal taxes on the manufactured pro duct, and the apprehension of a tax on the leaf, have caused a material falling off* in the amount planted this season, I'h.is crop, as has been shown ia these reports, is but barely able to sustain itself, ana should these taxes so operate as to destroy or materially lessen (he export trade in the ieaf (amounting to about twenty millions of ctoliara annually), tbe tobacco growing interest must protest against an excessive taxation, if it thus par alized tbe growing of a product, which, though it be a luxury, is, nevertheless, one of great pecuniary benefit to the country. —«uss- -ga— ■ - S TATIS ITEMS. The Rome railroad has been turned over to the Company. It is doing a good business. The Rome Courier advocates the completion of the road to Jacksonville, there to connect with the Selma road, and thus turnish tho shortest route between Now Yoik and New Orleans. Two thirds of the road is already graded and bridged It is estimated that it will take a half a million of dollars to put the real in complete repair, which tho directors contemplate doing as speedily as possible. — SKUB feCVUI UIV. An interesting trial took place in, Ravonna, Ohio, last week, under the Gldo liquor law. A returced soldier named Greer, while in a state of intoxication, was robbed of one hun dred aud two fioliais by unknown persona. His wife brought, suit for damages against the saloon keeper who sold him the liquor, and ob tained a verdict in her favor of one hundred and forty dollars. The Chicago papers tell a terrible tale of robbery and murder. A stranger took two pretty waiter girls and two men, who forced their acquaintance upon him. to ride one even ing. The hackinau drove to a vacant lot, and there the men robbed their victim, and placing his head under the wheels drove ihe carriage over his neik. They then sent the girls home and threw the body into the river, where it was found by the police. The girls revealed the crime, and the murderets and kackman were arrested. Tbe murdered man had not been identified General Meade’s visit to South Carolina wqs to prevent the recurrence of contact between the military and civil authorities of that State. He had an interview, at Columbia, with Gen eral Gilimore and Governor Perry, at which a satisfactory adjustment was made. A cheese measuring twenty feet round, four feet bight and weighing four thousand pounds is to be exhibited at the New York State Fair. It came from Canada. The Emperor Maximillian lias issued an elaborate decree, regulating his diplomatic •orps. He reserves to himself the right of ap pointing and dismissing all his representatives to foreign nations. Ambassadors will receive a salary of $12,000; envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary, SIO,OOO, and resi dent ministers nS.OOO. His diplomatic corps will be under the immediate direction of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. Hon. Frederick Luwe, tho present Governor of California, will most likely be the next Senator from that State. All the French soldiers have left tbe Rio Graude, and natives have taktn their place. Maximilian has ordered ail Confederates to proceed to San Luis Potosi. General iriocum declines, under any circum stances, being a candidate for civil office this fall. One of the finest structures in New Orleans, the Touro buildmgs, was destroyed by Are on the lsf lust. General Sheridan and staff was in Houston, Texas, on the 34. O. N. Cutter baa been appointed Treasury agent at New Orleans, vice Flanders, removed. A bullfrog show is new in progress iu Dod worth’s Hall, New York City, at which upward of two hundred frogs are on exhibition. Prizes wiiliegiven to the owners of the most re inaikable specimens. The censu sot 1860 fepresent thirty three book binding establishments in the New England States in that year, wish an invested capital of sll2 750, employing 219 male and 839 female hands, p yiug for material $236,962; for labor, $149 722, and yielding products annual to the amount of $494,765. IMPORTANT speech prom PRESIDES! .IdH\-o\. A New York dk-p tch says that the follow ing are the main points of a very important speech made by President John on to the dele gates of the Sou heru Siates : Gentlemen : We have passed through the rebellion. Say we, for P was ua who were responsible. \es, the South made the Issue, and I know tbe nature of the Southern peoale well enough to know that vvli. n they have be come convinced of an error, they will frankly acknowledge it in an open an i direct manner : and in the performance ol that duty, or indeed in the act they rindeitake to perform, they do it heartily an i (rankly. Now that they come they undtistai.d me as saying that we made the issue ; we set up the union of the States ogainst the inetitu'ion of slavery ; we settled the arbitration by the God ot battles The argument was the sword. Tho issue was fairly and honorably met. The questions presented have been settled against us, aud we are prepared to accept the issue I find on all tides this spirit of honor and can dor prevaling. Ic wa3 said by all: Ihe issue w; s ours and the judgment baa been against us We are bound by .honor to accept arbitrament. In doing this wc are doing ourselves no dishon or, and do not feel humiliated or degraded, but railer tl at we are ennobling ourselves by these actions, aDd we should ft el that the Gov ernment have treated us magnanimously, and meet the Government upon the terms it has so magnaninoHs'y tffurtd us. Sr far as I am concerned personally. lam not ii flueuoed by any question whether it appears in the North or South, the Erst or West. I stand where I did of old, lattliog for the Union and Consti tution of the United States. Ia doing this I know I opposed you of the South when seces sion was being waged on the country, and you declared your l ight to break up the’ Gov ernmet and disintegrate the Union. I staud as I ever stood, firmly iu the opinion that a.molopoly combined against this coun try must go dowu and the country must go up. Yes, the issue was made by tho South, true to her ancient attributes ot frankness aud candor, comes forward and expresses her .willingness to abido by the decision in good faith. While I rejoice that tho rebellion his been arrested aud subdued, I am happy in the consciousness of a duty welifperformed. I now not only would have ycu, but the people of the world, to know that, while 1 de clare! and feared a disintegration of the States, I am equally opposed to tho -coEgfiidation or concentration of power here under whatever guise or name. They bear an issue which is a fraud upon us. I sb-ih still endeavor to pur sue soma efforts to dissuade (ham from this, but I say let some rules bo applied, us I have before remained to you. 1 am gratified to see so many of you heie to day. It man tests a spirit that lam pleased to observe. I know that, it has beer, said of me that my as pirations are sharp ; that I h id vindictive feel ings to gratify, and that I should not fail to avail myself of opportunities that would pre sent themselves to gratify such despicable leelings. If my acls will not speak for me and for themselves, then any professions that I might now make would beuselesss, But, gentlemen, if I know myecif as I think I do, I know I am of the Southern people, and I love them, and will do all iu my power to restore them to that state of happiness and prosperity which they crjoyed befo-e the mad ness of misguided men in whom they reposed their confidence, led them astray. If there ia anything that can be done on my part, ou cor rect pi inciples of the Constitution to promote these ends, be asauicd it shall be done. Let me assure you also that there is no disposition on the part qf the Government to deal harshly with the Southern people. There may be speeches published from various quarters that may breathe a different spiyit, but do not let them trouble or excite yon, but believe that it ia the great object of the Qoveruuunt to make tho Union of those United States more complete and perfect than ever, and maintain it on constitutional princi ples—if possible more firmly than it has ever bafore been. Then why can’t we oil come up to the work in a proper spirit ? In otlnr words, let us look to the Constitution. The True has been made and decided. Then as wise men—men who see right and are determined to follow it as fathers and brothers, and as men who love their com.try in the hour of her trial and suf fering—why pau’t we come rq) and help to set tie the questioi sos the hour, and adjust them according to the principles of honor and justice. The institution of slavery is gone. The former status of tho negro had to be changed, and wo, as wise men, must recognize, so potent a fact and adapt ourselves t j circum stances ns they suiround us. (Voices —“We are willing to do so. Y-.s, sir, we are willing to do st I”) I believe you are, or believe when your faith is pledged, when your consent has been given, as I have already said, I believe it wili be maintained in good faith, and every prom ise fully sustained. (Cries of “It will ”) What 1 ask or desire of the South, ol the North, or the East or the West, is to be sustained in carrying out tho principles of the Constitution. It is not to be denied that we Lave been great sufferers on both sides ; good men have fallen, and much misery is being endured—a necessary result of such a contest o - 9 o e Then why can’t we approach each ether on principles which are right in themselves, and which will be productive of good to all ?. The day is not distant when w'o shall feel like the same family that has had endless feuds, the various members of which have come together and compared the evils and suffer ings they had inflicted on each other ; they had seen the influence of their error and its result, and, governed by a spirit ot conciliation, they had become mutually forbearing and forgiving, and return to their old habit3 of fraternal kindness and become better friends than ever. Then let ur consider that the feud which alienated us has been settled,and adjusted to mu tual satisfaction ; that we come together to be bound by firmer b nds of love, raspeot, and confidence more than ever. Ttie North can’t get along without the South, nor the South without the North ; the East without the West, nor tho West without the Fast, arfd I say it is our doty to do all that lies in our power to perpetuate and make stronger the bonds of our Union : that it is for the common good of all that we should be uuited and free ; that the Union is but the creation of a century, to be perpetuated for ail time, and it cannot be destroyed except by the All wise God who created it. Gentlemen, I repeat, l sincerely thank you for the respect manifested on this occasion, and for the expressions of approbation and confidence please accept my (hanks. The leader of the delegation replied : Mr. President : In behalf of the delegation I return you my sincere thanks for your kind, generous, ay, magnanimous expression of kindly feeling to the people of the South. The visitors then retired. Pird? veri-us Catkri'ili.ai!^. —The Memorial and Aix publishes a curious piece of statistics to show what serious m'schief may be done to agriculture by the destruction of bird’s nests In former times it says, and before people had begun their war against blackbirds, nightin gales, linnets, chaffinches, wrens, &e., there were found on an average about 10,000 nests on eve>y square league of ground. A nest generally contains four eggs, and the parent birds give every day to each of the little ones 15 caterpillars, making tiO; and consume 60 more themselves, making 120 for the daily supply of each nest Multiply, then, 120 by 10,000 and you will have a total of 1.200 000 caterpillars destroyed every day, or 30.000 000 in a single month. Jast imagine such a num ber of caterpillars consuming fruit and vegeta bit i, VOL. LXXIV.—-NEW SERIES VOL. XXIV NO. 40. > Fearful Scene at Niagara. —Professor Rnggles of Dartmouth College had a very nar row escape at Niagara Falls recently. While walking ou Goat Island wish a party of ladies, ooe of them dropped her paiasol, which slid some fifteen or t wentv feet down tho bank of ths river. Mr. Rnggles went down and picked it up, but on attempting to return, ihe bank being steep, and the ground hard, lost, his foot iog and fell dewn to the very brink of the precioice, w'hich at this point is eighty or ninety feet high. Here he caught hold of the roots of an upturned tiee, the trunk of which Langs over the abyss. The shock caused the tree to shake violently, and it appeared on the Point of falling, over the precipice. The ladies shrieked and called for help, but no assistance was at hand. A movement on the part of Mr. Reggies, or a gust of wind, seemed sufficient io cause the tree to fall. At this critical mo ment one of the ladies took off her basquiue and skirt, cut them into strips, got shawis ani other article, of clothing <rom the rest ot the paity lied them together, fastened a stone t.o the rope thus formed, aud let it down to Mr. Rnggles, who, taking hold of it, walked slowly up the bank. It was a moment of fear ful suspense. The rope was held firmly by the ladies above, bu fit might untie or break, and a fail of a Lundred feet on the rocks be low must be the inevitable result . When Mr. Rnggles reached terra firma, tbs fair rescuer* who had sho vet such remarkable presence of mind, fainted, aud was taken home in an un conscious state. Horrid Barbarity.— One ot the most atro cious pieces of barbarity ever perpetrated since the dark ages, is that reported 'to have been inflicted recouily on a sailor of the American schooner General Harney. Soon af ter tho arrival ol tho vessel in port, the unfor tunate man was arrested aud placed in jail as a witness to prove that the Harney had brought Rebel troops fi’om Beunarentura and landed them near Panama. The authorities being unable to get any statement so that effect by fair means from the prisoner, put him on tbe rack, in order to force false evidence (turn him against the vessel and her owner. The man gays he was suspended by the heels, and big legs pulled apart until he thought he i ho’.iid he torn in two, hut he still maintained the truth that no troops were brought on the vessel. In this way he was tortured until his tormentors feared that they had carried their brutality too far, and he was released horn bis fearful position. During the torture the man retained hie senses, and stoutly defended the innocence of the captain and owner of tho vrs eel, but on being set at liberty he foil senseless to the ground. .The poor foltow’s legs are sadly swollen aud mang'ed, amt he could hardly move with pain J\vtaim Star. MkETINQ Os OfIIGJNAI, SfcOEfSIONISTS IV Mf.\l- PHl3.— There was a largo meeting of original secessionists among whom were a large num ber of the most prominent and influential cit izens of Western Tennessee, held iu Memphis on the 19th inst. Speeches were inado by Colonels Hucker, Dogwood, Collins and Pryor of tfla late Confederate army. The following resolutions were passed ; R solved, lhat wo recogn'ze the abolition of slavery as an inevitable event—it being a dead institution —and we would not restore it if we could. Resolved, That we do not regret having taken the amnesty oath; that we will faith fully observe it hereafter. Resolved, That we pledge our honor and hearty co-operation in restoration of civrl law, the maintenance of the fJuited States Govern Went and the Constitution thereof, and will do everything in our power to' uphold and con tinue the same. Bn dub an - or of Different Types of Men a b Soldiers. —An army correspondent writes: ‘To (he army and among returned soldieis, I have noted one fact, in particular, somewhat at variance with the usual theories. Jt is that light-haired men, of the nervous sanguine type stand campaigning better than the dark haired men of bilious temperament. Look through a raw regiment on its way to the field, and yon will find fully one ball its numbers, to be of the black-haired, dark-skinned, large boned bilious type. See that same regiment on its. return for muster-out, and you will find the black haired element has melted away, leaving at least two thirds, perhaps three feurths, of the regiment to be represented by red, brown and fitjeen hair. It is also noticed that men from (be cTies, slighter in physique and apparently at tho outset unable to endure fatigue and privation, at-rtnl a severe campaign much better than men ftom the agricultural districts. South African Sheep. —They havo a pair of Soulh African sheep iu New York Central Park. The peculialies of these animals are thus clearly defined by a meirepolitan journal “ Tho distinguishing and much observed fea tures of this very noticeable pair of sheep is the huge caudal and dorsal development,— When the auim il is good condition tho weight of this part will constifue one-eigh or tenth part of the whole body. It rises midway on the back, increasing posteriorily, occupying and greatly enlarging the eandex, which is weli elongated, flattened, rtflexed, and terminally ascending, of slight flexion, useless defensively, and bones and muscles small. The enlarging substance is’oleaginous, and by the Cape coio nists it is used as a condiment. The design of this “huge caudal and dorsal development” is to “furnish the anitnai vitality during the rainless months of the South American sum mer.’’ Another Route for an Atlantic Cable.— The New York Times says : ‘‘The strange thing is that no enterprising company thinks of a line from Cape Race, by way of the Azores, to Cape St. Vincent, in Portugal. From Cape Race to the Island of Flores, the dis tance is nine hundred and eighty-four geo graphical miles. From Flores to the Island of Fayal is less than one hundred mites. From Fayal to St. Miguel about one hundred and ten miles ; and from St. Miguel to the Portu guese coast about eight hundred miles. The compartively short submarine stretches by this line are not its only advantage. It would form a line, subject to treaty arrangements, between several governments, instead of be ing under the exclusive contiol of one leading power. A Curious Vink.—A curious vine, says the Nevada Transcript, has recently been found in some of the gardens in this vicinity. It is a parasite and readily attaches itself to other plants. The vine is about half the size of an angle worm, is of a light color and appears very tender, but it is almost impossible to kill it. One of these v ; ne3 has fastened itself up on Judge Be!den’s potato tops, and it climbs from one plant to another without difficulty. If broken into pieces and thrown upon the plants it soon winds itself around the stems, inserts its feeders into the plant and shoots out its tendrils in every direction, losing none of its vitality by the rough treatment. We are informed that many vines of the same kind glow up along the Yuba. However this . may be, the creeping parasite will furnish intei e?ting study for the botanist. Ths Population of Mexico. —Tho popula tion of Mexico was five millions by the census of 1803. ' It had only increased to 8,000,000 in 18G3. Os the native population in 1858, it-is estimated there were 1 000,000 whites of Eu ropean descent, 4.000,000 Indians, 4,000 ne groes—the remainder of over three million, mixed races. The Treasury Department during week end ing, September 9, redeemed Treasury certifi cates to the amount of $6,016,240, and de stroyed $6,395,520 worth’of mutilated currency. - t-t. Louis Market.—Sept. 11. Cotton is firm at 39£ a 41. Receipts, 1,808 bales. Hemp has advanced to 255 a 270 for undress ed. Memphb CVttou Market—Sept. 11. 'I he Mempais cotton market advanced from to 15c. Receipt—l4lls bales ; ship ments—l,loo. The stock on hand is estimated at 6,675 ba es. New crop has arrived irorn ViCiisburg. The receipts are mainly o! inferi or grades, and not much sought after. ►'•mllirra fetoek* in Ktw l ork—Sept. 8. North Carolina sixes Tennessoe sixes 68; Missouri sixes 71A. Sew York Hank Statements- The New York bank statements for week en diug September 11, foot up as follows: Loans $214 189,642 Increaso $2,795 472 fepcm 13 755,824 Decrease 688,003 Circulation 8,814,142 Increase *'304,968 Deposits 17'.) 353 571 Decrease 963,147 Legal tenders 56,320,724 Increase 1,951,008 New Yo*k Tobacco Market—Sep*. 8. The demand is steady, with large sales ; 227 hhds. at 7« a 24c.; 72 libls. Havana on private terms ; 2;JO cases Seed Leaf at 8 a a lso. K*9uillc i'ollon Murkct—Kept Hi. The cottc.u crop of Middle Tennessee, as is now definitely ascertained, will not be more than one hall as large as it would have been bad the weather in August not been so dry. What there is of the crop wilt bo better than usual. Sales the past two,days of 150 bales at 30.. 35c per H>. Wo quote extremes at 25a Sic per lb.— Union. Itew Oi tearsMarket—September 14. Cotton very firm with salts ct 4.000 bales, middling at 45c. The week’s receipts have beeu 14,000 bales. Stcck on hand 83,000 bales. Sugar, from fair to fully fair, 13$ a 16c, Exchange on New Yotk sight A a $c discount. JtCvv Yoi !i Haiti Market— September 41. The Oomureicial says the supply of gold is being heavily diawn upon by tho demand lor duties for the South and for foreign oxport. It is impossible t; say whether tha Sub-Treas ury is selling, secrecy being observed in these operations with the most scinplous care. Mer chants are embarrassed by this secret manage ment of the pubic business. They can form no opinion as to the probable movements of the TreuSnry in the matter of selling gold, and therefore cannot judge as to the probable cotx.se of the premium. If the Government Xtould soil fifteen millions of gold within the next sixty days, it is likely it would prevent a rise of 5 percent in (he premium. But who can say whether or not that will be the policy ot the Secretaty of the Treasury ? This uncer tainty is very embarrassing to buyers of gold and exchange, and indeed to the mercantile community gouerally. The prioe was stead* to day at 1 4 The Pry UootH Trade. Either from the scarcity of goods, or a great ly increased demand, the dry goods trade, and indeed, aU trade, is usually aotve, and price] arc stea iiiy on the advance. Most of the sales are tor cash or short city acceptances. South and Southwest are free takers of our goods, the supply of which wll be largely incieased as soon as our factories and workshops can be fully supplied with operatives. The transac tions in ury goods for the past month are be yond all precedent in the history of trade here, and at New Yoik. A portion ol the advance is attiibutable to the fact that the jobbers had • forborne time been selling down their stocks to the lowest possible point, iu anticipation of lower or ices for cotton ; and just at a time when ad were ob)ig-o t to j),- lV older to meet an improving demand from the interior, cotton became firmer and money easier ; the result being a spasmodic rush for goods aud a week oi great excitement iu the maiket. Manufac turer are wot king their mills to their utmost capacity, and yet they cannot supply goods a a fast as ibey are wanted. There is a large demand for foreign goods of all kinds, and, notwithstanding the heavy im portations, there aro not seasonable fabrics enough to go around. Prices aro firm, and thus far all the importations have paid hand some profile. Wdbin the past two weeks an enormous amount of goods have been distribu ted Smith; the sales of oue house at New Yotk reaching $450,000 ou one day, and will probably amount to $£0,000,000 for.the year. With this heavy amount of imports, and the active efforts of our domestic manufacturers to. put their machinery in full operation, now that there is an abuudant suppiy of cotton, it is not at all improbable that a greatly increased production and hurried importations, will so overstock tie maiket as to cause a turn down - ward in the market, some of these days, as sud den and as decided as it has been upward.— Already low-priced foreign goods are said to be in excess of tho demand, and sell at low prices. Fine dress goods, especially French delaines and merinos, are active, with an in adequate supply anil high piices. These move ments ha\e a very direct bearing on the money market. Ibe heavy imports require gold to pay duties, and so keep up the premium ; and the large sale of goods in all branches of busi ness is producing an enlarged supply of bills and the probability is that discounting will now employ an increased amount of money.— Philadelphia Ledger. Atlanta Marks!—Srpt. 10. Cotton— Light offering stock demand not active, at from 23a29e., according to quality and condition. Factory Goods— ld biisk demand, with but light stocks on market ; tax not paid—will have to be paid before shiprn :nt; 4 4 sheeting 28 i3oe , per yard ; | shirting 25c per yd.; $ shirting 20c; csoaborgs 20a2'2v ; thread $2 75 is3 per bunch. Dry Goods —Improved stocks with brisk de mand, Calicos 33a35c, bleached shirting 40a 60c ; cotton hose s4asß per doz; gents half hose s4ass per doz. Bacon—Bacon has fluctuated considerably during the past week, and prices have some what declined. We quote II >g round 23a25c.; Shoulders 23c ; Oountiy hams 27a300. ; Can vass hams 35a37c.; Sides 25a27c. Sugar— New Orleans 18 a 24c. White “A" 28 a 30c; Loaf and Crushed 30 a 31c per lb; Powdered 31c. Tobacco— Common 20 a 40c medium 50 a 75c. prime $1 a 125; sucking 25 a 00c according to quality. Liquors—French Brandy $8 a J 2; Holland Gin $0 a 8; Jamaea Rum $G a 8; Corn Whisky $2 a 2 50; 15 urbon $3 50 a 4 50; Robinson County $3 50 a 4 50; Cofl' C3B a 40c. Tea $l5O a3; Salt 4J a 6c. Starch 15 a 10c Soda L 6 a 18c Black Pepper 45c Cindies 30 a GOe Indigo $1.50 a 176; Kentucky Rope 23 a 28\ Kentucky Bagging 35 a 40c. Cotton Cards sl2 a 18 per doz. Cod fi-h 20 a 25c per lb. Hats sl6 a 60 per do*. Flour sl4 a 1G per bbl. Syiup 70 a 80c per gal, — hJ.eUftjmite . Cotton at Hijuttiern Seaport*, Tue stock of cotton on hand at the three principal «S mthei n ports on the Ist inst, is shown in the following figures : New Orleans 83,239 Mobile 34,575 Savannah * 4,251 Total 1 22 »«£ 6 Value of the above * $19,500,000 S». ibouis yia ks t—Sept. 13. Cotton is active at an advance. Sales of New ’Orleans at 39£a43c Tobacco a shado turner. Whiskey lower,