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•f hrfnud! & Sentinel AUGUSTA, GA. ** 'VKItKBWAI MOHM.X. O: TOBKII !► ,v:'b Steamship Company.— This is | jauy foimed for the purpose of auisbips between Charleston and U and also to establish lines between, nd other cilice. any has two steamers on the linri rluston and New Vork, at present— }. Houder and the Moneka, Tlje ring Charleston is every Thursday f the steamers leaves regularly on ■otb there boats are new, they have e accommodations and capacity for machinery, also, is new and excel r.re under the command of officers distinguished by their courtesy and capacity os seamen, and at present the lino supplies a Jo s' leratmn, and if there were nothing more, would lend greatly to aid us in the work of progress upon which wo have entered in such hearty earnest. Nor should wo fail to montion, among its merits, its estimable and ctiicient Charleston agents. This office has been conferred on -.th Willis & Chisolm —young men of Char leston, both active—prompt, enterprising and singularly fitted by their kind and obliging manners to advance the popularity and insure the success of an enterprise committed to their cat*. The line, therefore, is at present, of consideration and importance. But it is intend ed still furlhor to extend it ; two more first class, side wheel steamers are expected to be added. The lists for subscriptions are now open at the ottico of the agents above men tioned, and it is reasonably certain that enough will bo subscribed to make the extensior. Teat additional lubs’cription will, of course, bo taken, Lut at the other end of the line, while it is desirable a portion of the stock should be held in the South ; and it is the effort of the agents to induce subscription and accomplish that object, which we truly hopo they may accomplish, as it is much to bo desired that a portion of the wealth which flows from such enterpiires so übundantly upon other people, should liow, in at least a feeble stream, on our section of the country. Aside irorn the convenience of this line, it is still more important at the present time. There is no doubt of the extraordinary inducements hold out to emigration by the land of the Smith. California, in tho days when men went mad about her, and walked on foot (o the Rocky Mountains to embrace her, never offered au average of as much to the hand of hardy labor, as do the l ice and cotton lands of this portion ol the Union ; and if men did walk across the Rocky Mountains and did incur the severities, contingencies and constant disap pointment of a miner’s life for the gold thero offered, it is morally certain they will come in equal it not greater numbers to the more abundant treasure* offered hero. Tho climate, society, and state of improvements invito them ; and, that they may come, we want our lines oi ocean iutoreouso. Every new one adds, not only to our capacity for transportation, but gives an impetus to the movement thnt must soon set in , and our friends, therefore, in tho new enterprise, have even higher claims upon us than those consisting in the individual con venience this enterprise presents. Tub'Tobacoo Chop. —The St' Cj|uis Demo crat in referring to tho tobacco crop this year, stales that the transactions in tobacco in that market the present and past yea»s have never boon equalled ; and notwithstanding .the heavy rtfteipts and sales of the season, the supply and demand co liuue largo and active. States that heretofore { aid but little attention to the cultivation of tiiis article ; have introduced it into the variety of agricultural products, and at the remunerative rates that rule, they will tile !y cou'.iune the production, and finally, perhaps, rank it among their staples. In Maiuc, Rhode Island, Ohio, Michigan, Missouri Minnesota, and. West Virginia, the plantiug this year, avoiages more than a tenth above that of last ; in Nesv Hampshire, it is the same in Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Now York, Maryland, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, lowa, Kansas, and Nebraska, the planting is reportod at from one-tenth to ouo and a half tenths less The difference in tho planting between the two years, taking the whole country throughout, shows against the presout year a little less than one tenth of a decrease. The excessive rains of lliespriug and summer, however, materially damaged the crop. It has beou proved that the soil of the coun try generally, is adapted to its culture, that ne gro labor is not altogether a requisite for its production, and that a quick and paying mar ket awaits it everywhere. In another season or two Virginia, Tennessee, Maryland, Mis souri, and Kentucky will yield their former supplies, and these, with the yield of other sections, now successfully experimenting with the product, will give tobacco a prominent po sition iu the statistics of the country. Monroe Doctrine.— Tho New York cor respondent of the London Herald, records a conversation reported to havo taken place be tween the President and a gentleman who called upon him, iu leferonce to the Monroe doctrine. The remarks of tho President, as given by this writer, may be true in point of actual utterance or not; but there is,reason to beiieve. however, that may be, they really rep resent the opinions entertained by Mr. Johnson. Tho following are the observations of the President, as given : My mission is the Union 1 feel that if I can, within my term of office, restore all the States to their former relations with each other and with tho Union, and can bring about as well a harmonious, if not an absolutely fraternal fooling between North and South, I shall have merited the applause of couutrymen. and earned an honorable place ill history. To the restoration of the Union—in spirit as well as in fact,—l shall bend all my energies. I shall permit no foreigu question to interfere with the full development of my scheme for such restoration. I have enough to do without de voting attention to other matters. The Mon roe doctrine is all right. I believe in it. But there are greater principles at stave than those involved iu that'question. When the Union is rt stored it will be time for talking nbout foreign aggressions on this continent. I shall do all 1 can to make the Southern people happy, and to palliate the bitterness of their defeat." Ti are noble and patriotic fsentimeuts wortbv of an American statesmen trained in the old school) ttud thoroughly imbned with the spirit of nationality, lq the face of such utterances, fanatics and sectioualisls must stand abashed, and under the guidance of such a chief magistrate our countrj niay hope to re enter the path of greatness, prosperity aud true national unity. Cotton Crop in Mississippi .—The coming cot ton t rop iu Mississippi is reported to be a complete failure. •' DUTY OF THE HOT It. The eof the past feur years of trial and ->t te-en witliout its usee. I* South o lesson, the , he computed by the o u*. 'd we are not the ueople of the -co u. *> i mia, will awi, ’ream, . * u ris l rMSf* - WOUIT * ; ' vig° r tejpT power, j which tid ed, and , Ve have palpf™ 7g s like men w* D t> our lost advantages, and g in a more peaceful sfrugg’ ,U* It is madness to expect . v ,io 'asperities created by four years civil warfare caa be softened at a word. The winds which lashed the sea into raging fmy have lulled, 4 but it will take timo to smooth the waters and re store the full serenity of the past. Vast changes have taken pi aco In the social system of tho South; great losses havo been sustained in property ; fortunes havo vanished into thin air. Tho history of no country in tho world presents a parallel to ours. We dazzled the •yes of Christendom by our prosperity ; we astonished the nations of tlio earth by our growth and the development of our iumimeiable resources. We excited their wonder at our peaceful progress; they stood aghast at the magnitude of our warfare. I! we have learned a lesson ourselves, we have taught them one too. Tbo brilliant rays of the sun beam upon us again. We are again one people in name— time will re-unito us in affection. It is idle to to prate of rivers of blood, undying haired, and all the other clap-trap of tho political pander. Tho intercourse of section with section, and tho powerful agency of commerce, will eroTong accomplish tho work of re union, rmil restore the relations which nice happily existed be tween all potions of tho country. Until then possessing our souls with patience, let us wait. The intelligence of the American people will extricate them from the difficulties and dan gers of their position. But there is work for every intelligent man to do. Comprehending tho condition of affaire, it is his duty to aid in tho ro-establishment of Older by every means in bis power ; and to labor with hand and tongue and pen in the cause of peace, and truth and Justice. It is not for him to give way to despondency, for he knows the impor tance of energy, and that only by unbending resolution has any really grand result been achieved. He must take care of the ignorant, for they are incapable of taking care of them selves. I T must continually act as a stern monitor, warning of the obstacles in tho path ol liberty and pointing to the future laden with honors Thus will bo wreathe his own brow with a glory more resplendent than that won by the conqueror’s sword. Upon the press lies tho great burden of the future. It is that which is all powerful for good or for evil. To its conductors is commit ted a great charge. They possess the magi cian’s ward. The pulpit aud the hustings have their influence, individual members of society in quiet circles aid iu the formation of opinion, but the power of the press is felt everywhere. It is of the highest importance, then, that those who oontrol it should possess the ■ requisite knowledge to enablo them to guide their coun trymen into the paths of peace and security ; that they should pour oil upon the troubled waters and cover the evidences of strife and bitterness with the mantle oi charity. The result of the war has completely estab lished one great fact iu the history of the Un ion. The permanency of our Government has often been questioned, and whether the bond of cohesion was sufficiently strong to withstand the shock of an internal strife There can no longer remain any doubt iu reflecting minds. For us and our posterity there will be but one country and one flag. Uolitcal parties will arise and flourish as they have risen and flour ished before, but the decision of .thuc differ ences will be lett to the ballot instead of tho bullet. Lot us then come up to tho work of regen eration before us with an earnest resolution to do our whole duty. The past cannot be un done, but tbe future is ours. That which has seemed the greatest calamity that could befall a nation may iu the end turn out the most in estimable blessing that could have descended upon a free and united people. Difficulties in the way of the Russian- American Telegraphic.— Tho main difficulties in the way of the Russiau-Ameiican telegraphic project are not in tho submarine part of the work, but in laying the wires through tho Rus sian possessions on tho northwest coast of America, which as yet are almost unexplored, and then in continuing the line across the wilds of northeastern Siberia, where the cli mate is the most inhospitable in the world, aud which, besides, are inhabited by tho fierco and warlike tribe of tho Tehooktchi, who havo never yet ackaoweldged the sway of Russia. More than a hundred years ago an expedi tion was sent against them, which perished in the snows of the Arctic regions, and since then they have been left in unmolested t’njoyment ol their savage independence, the only point occupied by Russia in their country, being tho little ostrog of Anadyr. Their language is ex tremely curious. It consists of unpronouncea bio conglomerations of cousonants, such as krl, tchl, khehl, aud is completely unintelligible to their neighbors on either side of Behring Straits, Ot late years, however, these strange people have shewa a disposition to enter into commercial intercourse with the Russian traders, and to attend the fairs at Ostroveno, on the Kolyma, where they exchange whale bone, sealskins and furs for kettles, woolen cloths, an 1 especially for tobaoeo, of which they are passionately fond. It is not impossi ble, therefore, that if their confidence were gained by kind treatment and a liberal distri bution of presents, they might be induced to allow tbs line to run through their country, and have stations established at proper inter vals for its protection. It is to be hoped that such will be the case. Cuamp Ferguson Sentenced. — By General Orders from the Headquarters of the military district of Middle Tennessee, the sentence cf death hag been pronounced in tbe case of Champ Ferguson. Thesenteuce will be cairied into effect ou tbo 20th day of October, 1865, at Nashville. The National Debt.— Judging from tbq public spirit exhibited by tho capitalists es the country thus far, the Secretary of the Treasury thinks be will be able to put all the public debt at five per cent per annum after 1868, except the six per cent, which mature in 1881 and 1882. On the Ist of August the debt be came stationary, and in the month of Septem ber it was reduce-* twelve million and a half, and the annual interest was reduced half a million It is believed by those who bes* ’"retand the subject, that tho liue haw ; 'and is now ebbing rapidly. Th<* Apartment Printing Bureau is bud preparing tho various forms v; conversion ot the interest .rl .. 'to 5-20 bonds, under the 'sement. The engrav ut • 'dates for printing, •l i. ’a ta, jer enormous debt v* a 'f jple of the United State. j be able to provide fGv and takt • f i ebt much smaller than that of Eng. .and with theree times the re sources to rely pon. Opinions of the President.—l a his letter to Gov. Sharkley,President Johnson says : '•The people (of tho Southern State.-) must be trusted with their own government; and if trusted, my opinion is that they will act in good laith, and restore their former constitu tional relations with all the States composing the Union. And in his speech to the delegation lrom the Southern States ho said : “While I dreaded and feared disintegration of the States, I am equally opposed to consoli dation or concentration of power "hero-(at Washington) under whatever guise or name. Opinions like these, at this time, are bright sunbeams upon tho future of the South. They should induce every resident of this portion of the Union to give a hearty, undivided sup port to President Johnson and the policy he has adopted. Not only his words, but Iris deeds prove him to boa true friend in time of need. What more can be desired or asked for. Upon whatever point ’we may be divided hereafter, lot us be united in upholding the present incumbent ot the Presidential chair at Washington. President Johnson Sustained by hik Su preme Court. —Judge Nelson, of the Supremo Court, in the case of “Tho Circassian,’’ clearly defined the theory of President Johnson, and admitted it to bo the law of the land. Chief Justice Chase concurred in this opinion. This decision was reported before the surrender of thß Confederate armies, and uses the following language : The capture was but the restoration of tlio ancient possession," authority and laws of tho country, the continuance and permanency of which, so far as tbe right is involved, depend not on conquest, nor on tbe success or vicis situdes of armies,but upon tho Constitution of the United States which extended over every portion of the Union, and is tbe supremo law of the land. The conquest of territory within the Slates where the laws of the United States havo been suspended, by reason of armed resistance of tho citizens, is but tbe restoration of tho an - cient possession, authority aud laws of the country ; tho continuance and permanence of which depends not upon conquest, hut upon he Constitution of the United States. A Step in the Right Direction.—A citizen of South Carolina, largely identified with agricultural and mechauical pursuits, has caused to bo inserted iu two or more Maine papers an advertisement calling for white laborers to come to that State and place them selves In his employ! He has had the satis faction of receiving communications from several parties in which they express their in tention to take early passage to that city for the purpose of seeking labor. The advertiser has a large tract of land which he offers for cultivation on most enticing terms, besides which he has timber to fell and saw mills to keep in operation. The new comers, we will venture to say, will not regret settling in the South. They will also find that their services will not only be appreciated by their employers but will yield a handsome remuneration to themselves. Liverpool Cotton News. — A letter received in Charleston throws some light upon the late cotton movement in England. Mr. Payne, the agent of Ahe Southern Export and Import Com pany writes from Liverpool that the English had been'estimating the old crop on hand at 3,000,- 000 bales , that their estimate bad finally fallen t 04,000,000, which is still thought, by most persons in the South, to be much above the mark. They also calculated tho growing crop at 1,500,000 bales. The late news which had reached Liveipool from this Bide, giving some thing like a truthful idea of the limited amount of the staple in this countiy, had caused tbo late rise. A New Work from an Able Writer.— About the beginning of the war, Hon. Henry W Hilliard,M. C., of this city, had ready for the press a work to be entitled, “lie Yane,’’ which was captured at Nashville upon the fall of that city. Mr. Hilliard, after great, trouble, succeeded in finding the MSS., and during a re cent visit toNew, York placed them iu the hands of Messrs. Blelock & Cos., tho well known pub lisher, 19 Bleekman street, who will issue the book at an early day. It is said by jucfges, who have examined the work, to be oue of the most chaste and fascinating novels presented to the Amorican public for a long series of years. Tax on Sales. —The Commissioner of Inter nal Revenue, says the New York Post, onco decided that wholesale dealers who made sales through a broker were not required to pay a tax on tho same. This decision has now been revoked by Commissioner Wm. T. Orton, and the assessors are calling for a return in accord ance with the new requisition. The following is tbe official notice now sent from the Asses sor’s office in this district : United States Internal Revenue, 1 dirty second District, New York. Dear Sir : The Commissioner of Internal Revenue has, after a careful revision, revoked the former decision exempting wholesale deal ers from license tax on sales made through brokers or auctioneers. Hereafter dealers will conclude in their statements of sales, all Bales made for them by auctioneers or brokers Gov. Holden’s Message.—Gcv. Holden in his message to the North Carolina Covention, de clares that the only change made by the war in the status of the Slate is the abolition of slavery, and he warmly commends the Presi dent’s policy of reconstruction. He takes it for grauted that the Constitution will be amended so as to ferever pohibit slavery iu the State, and that the Convention will submit its action to the people of the State for ratifica tion or rejection at the ballot box. Tns GebbrnatioriAL Uo>’ir»t in Alabama.— The contest in Alabama, which tei mlnates on the first Monday of November, promises to be an exciting one, as the number of candidates will be large. Toe Yancev and Hill Difficulty. —The Richmond Times corrects the statements which have been published in regard to tbe difficulties which occurred in the Richmond Senate between Messrs. Yancey’and Hill.S;*A rencounter did take place between the two. Yancey had opposed the conscript bill of 1862 as unconstitutional, but defended that of 1863, saying that he had been mistaken in his op position. Hill replied, taunting him with in consistency. Mr. Yancey, throwing into his manner and tone an expression of the most concentrated rage, digust and contempt, utter ed the monsvllable, “Pieht!’’ Afterja brief se cret session, the Senate adjourned. As Mr. Yancey passed Mr. Hill’s seat, on tho way to the door, an angry word or two were ex changed, c and Mr. Yancey received a severe blow on the left cheek, which, however, did not knock him down. Senators interposed and separated the combatants. The matter was kept quiet, and few persons in the city, except tho members and officers of the Senate, ever heard of the occurrence. Immediately after the adjournment of the Senate the jour nal cleik called on the reporters of the city newspapers, and prevailed upon them to sup press the debate. Three days afterward Mr Yancey appeared in his seat with a discolored eye, but iu otl er respects looking in his usual health. A month later, Yancey, then in excel lent physical condition, rose in his seat aud replied to Hill’s gspeech in a speech two hours long, full of cold but sharp sarcasm. This, the Times says, ended the affair, The Union Pacific Telegraph.— Unt'd re cently, the officers and omployees of the Un ion Pacific Telegraph have by patient dealing and much feeding, mauaged to escape tho en mity of the Indians, who had iu many cases burned houses within a few yards of the tele graph stations or poles, yet passed them un hurt* Now their warlike fury turns upon all that bears tbe - mark of civilized white men and the telegraph is kept open with difficulty. Over sixty miles of wire, and 3,500 posts havo .been required within a few weeks to repair their devastations, and with the withdrawal of troops at the coming of winter, tho company contemplate abandoning about one hundred miles of the most exposed portion just this side of South Pass. The War In South America.— Further de tails have been received respiting the war in South America. The Paraguayans were active ly pushing forward, while their opponents, the allied forces, re mained motionless, but concentrated, at Concordia, waiving the at tack. The Brazilian fleet on the Parama liver had commenced a retrogaile movement, fear ing that the Paraguayaas would construct bat teries below, so as to gain command of tho riv er. The magnitude which this strugglo is as - may bo estimated from the fact that at the date of our latest, advices, there wero 113,000 men under arms, of whom 50,000 were Paraguayans and 57,00(7 allies. For Savannah—The People’s Line. —The new and favorite steamer Helen has been fitted, up with superior saloon accommoda tions. This will add greatly to the conve nience and comfort of thej.passengers, dining che winter months. She will commence run nin g her regular trips at once, and will leave for Savannah on Wednesday morning at six o’cl nek precisely. T’he steamers which run on this lino, connect regi daily with tbe steamers which run between Sav inuah and New Yoik. Freights are taken at low rates ; aud are also insured at low rates on account of tho steamers burning coal in steid of wood. The Death of Hon. W. L. Yancey. —An ar ticle has been going the rounds of tho sensa tional press purporting to givo an account of a collision in the Richmond Senate bofcween Hon. Wm. L. Yancey, of Ala., and lion. B. 11. Hill, of Ga., in which it was alleged the form er r eceived such Injuries as to eventually cause his death. Mr. Hill, in a letter concerning tho matter, says the account referred to above, is “most grossly incorrect; and does injustice to both Mr. Yancey and himself.” . Good Citizens. — We learn that abftut two miles from town ou the Savaunah Road, there has, for some time, existed an impassable hole clear across the road, causing parties to drive around it. But two worthy citizens, F. R. Shaw, Esq. and son, yesterday determined that the road should be repaired, and taking their carts and spades, went to work and fixed it. They are an honor to any community, and deservo not only the thanks of tho public, but should be remunerated for their time and trouble. National Bank in Augusta.— We are au thorized to say that our citizens have now au opportunity of subscribing to the stock of a National Bank in Augusta. Tho number of shares to be taken by any ono person will be limited- The subscription list will be opened on Monday next at the Banking houso of the Georgia Rail Road Company, and remain open until Wednesday evening from 9 A.M. to 2 P. M., each day. The Coming Eclipse. —There will bo an eclipse of the son on the 19th inst. Tho track of the central eclipse begins in Washington Territory, on Puget’s Sound', aud passes south easterly through Montana, Idaho, Kansas, Southern Missouri, Western Tennessee, and diagonally through Georgia to Savannah, and thence acroes the Atlantic and into Africa. National Bank in Augusta. —We under stand that a National Bank will soon ho es tablished in this city. The designs for the bill are already in the hands of the engraver, and will in a little while be finished. m An institution of this kind has long been needed in our city, and we are pleased to learn that we shall have one soon. There is business enough here for several—but one will answer until we can get more. A Nut for Great Britain. —The State De partment has authorized all claims of Ameri can citizens, which have been incurred by the depredations of the Alabama and Shenandoah, and the Canadian raids, to be presented to a Commission, which has been authorized to settle all claims between the United States and Great Britain. England has certainly a pretty large bill ahead to settle. Regular Line for Savannah.— Kein & Co's regular line of steamers between this place and avanuah will hereafter be composed ol the two first class steamers Helen and Scorpio.— Both these are new and handsomely fitted up with the best of accommodations. t;The proprietors of the line, Kein & Cos. state that all goods consigned to them will be forwarded to New York at once without delay. The steamers are announced to Jleave reg ularly hereafter every Wednesday and Satur day A National Batik has been chartered at At lanta. Why not one at Augusta A Great National Curiosity —The Sentinel published at Jacksonville. Oregon, of Septem ber 12th, says : Several of our citizens returned last week from a visit to the great Sunken situa ted in Cascade Mountains, seventy-five miles northeast from Jacksonville. This lake rivals the famous valley of “Sinbad the Sailor.” It is thought to average two thousand feet down to the water all round. The walls are almost perpendicular, running down into the water, and leaving uo beach. . The depth of the wa ter is uukuowu, aud its surface is smooth and unruffled, as it lies so far below the surface of the mountain that the air currerts do not af fect it. Its length is estimated at twelve miles, and its breadth at ten. There is au island in its centre having trees upon it. No living man ever has, and probably never will be able to reach the water’s edge. It lies still, silent aud mysterious in the bosom of the “everlasting hills,’’ like a huge well, scooped out ol the mountains in the unknown ages gone by, and around it the primeval forests watch aud ward are keeping. The visiting party fired a rifie several times into the water, at au angle of forty-live degrees, and were able to note several seconds of time from the re ort of tho gun until the ball struck the water, he lake is eertaialy a most remarkable cu esity. Position of Gen. Slocum.— -Gen. Slocum upon his arrival home, at Syracuse, New Yoik was serenaded by tho citizens. In a speech he clearly defined his position as follows": Peace with all its gentle influences, has again dawned upon our land. Already its ef fect is felt in every city and at every fireside. We have abundant reason to hopo that civil law will soon prevail throughout the entire country, and that the question as to the treat ment of the States recently in armed opposi tion to the Government will, under the wise policy adopted by the President, be settled iu a manner best calculated to promote true interests of all classes of citizens in those States. The time having come when I could consistently leave the military service, 1 have returned to civil life, with an earnest desire to lend my influence in support of that policy. Oil reaching home I find two parties—-one a unit in supporting that policy and the other divided iu regard to it. I leave it to you, my fellow-citizens, to say, with what party I should, as a supporter of President Johnson’s efforts, have identified myself Taxing Homesteads. —ln reference to inquiry as to the right to tax homesteads under tbe congressional statute, the general land office has made reply to the following effect : The act requires five years continuous actual residonce ami cultivation from the date of en try before the department can give a fee simple title by patent. Should a party, after entry, abandon, or otherwise not meet all the acquire ments of the lav, bis claim be invalid and void, and the laud would'Tall back into the mass of the public domain. Then, again, the 4th section of the statute declares that no lands acquired under its provisions shall, in any event, become liable to the satisfaction of any debt or debts contracted pior to the issu ing of the patent. Under these legal stipula tions and conditions, whilst the fee-simple title remains in the United States, it must be quite apparent that- the taxing power cannot be successfully exerted, in so far as taxing the land is concerned, whatever may be the author ity (on which no opinion has been expressed) to tax improvements on the premises. Gen. Grant’s Longest Speech. — la the comes of his journey, in the West, General Grant stopped for a day at his birth-place, Georgetown, Brown county, Ohio. The peo ple poured out from their houses to see him, and he was constrained to make the iollowing speech, the longest he was ever known to deliver : “Ladles and Gentlemen of Brown County. — You are all aware that I am not iu the habit of making speeches. lam glad that I never learned to make speeches when I was young, aud now, that lam old, I have no desire to begin. 1 had rather start out iu anything else than in makfng a speech. And now, ladies and gentlem'en, I can only say to you that it affords me very much pleasure to get back to Brown county, where my boyhood was spent.” The Alabama Papers on State Repudia tion—The Mobile Register is severe upon the late Convention of Alabama for repudiating the Confederate war debt. It says : “The effect of this ordinance will probably bo to break every bank, insurance and other moneyed and stock company, for it was into these hauds that the pledges of the State.passed, the innooent holders never dreaming that any contingency could arise in which a responsi ble sovereignty would annul its own obliga tions. From the Macon Telegraph. BLIUiUILITY OF UKLEOVI'ES TO THE STATE CONVENTION. DR. C. L. RIDLEY TO GOV. JOHNSON. October 5, 1865. To His Excellency, James Johnson, Provisional Governor of Georgia : Dear Sir— l have been nominated, and elected, a delegate to the approaching conven tion. The disabilities growing out of the 13th clause of the President’s proclamation, viz: the twenty thousand dollar clauso, seem to be the only impediment (if any ) to may taking a seat in the convention, and if I am not eligible, you will confer ou me, and the citizens of Jones county, a favor, by advertising in due time for anew election. You have been advised that I have taken the amnesty oath, have petitioned for pardon, and that my petition was favorably received and endorsed by yourself on the 16th ult. I am unwilling that Jones county should be di vested of a representative, in the event of my eligibility, which I hope you will receive as au apology for my addressing you ou this occa sion. Direct a letter to me at Forsyth, Mon roe county, as I live nearer to Forsyth than Clinton, and very much oblige. Yours respectfully, Charles L. Ridley. gov. Johnson’s response. Executive Office, i Provisional Government of Georgia, > Milledgeville, Oct. 9th, 1865. ) Dr. C. L. Ridley : Sjr :—On the 7th instant I addressed a let ter to the Secretary of State of the United States, advising him that iu the late election for Delegates to the approaching Convention, several counties had returned gentlemeu ex cepted from amnesty, and requested of him instructions as to their eligibility. I also further stated that, so iar as known to me, those selected were good and true men, and that their services would be valuable to the State. So soon as information is received, I shall make it public, and in the meantime shall use'my best efforts to have them made or declared eligible. Yours respectfully, J. Johnson. Provisional Governor of Georgia. Twining Plants.— A greater number of twiners revolve in a course opposed *to that of (he sun, or to the bands of a watch, than iu the reverse course, and, consequently, the ma jority, as is well known, ascend their supports from left to right. Occasionally, though rare ly, plants of the same order twine in opposite directions. At present no instasce is known of two species of the same genius twining in opposite directions, and this is a singular fact, because different individuals of the bitter sweet (solanum dulcamara) revolve and twine in both'direetions ; this plant, however, is a feeble twiner. * A .novel reminder. — me New Bedford & Taunton Railroad have an'arrangement for preventing 'hrakemen being knocked off the top3 of the cars by bridges while riding back ward. About thirty rods distant from every bridge crossing ia a bar just twenty feet above the track, from which a number of laths or similar small strips of wood are sus pended bv short cords, hanging within three or four feet of the car roofs. Persons standing on the ears cannot pass these sticks without striking some cf them, and their attention is thus called to the fact that they are rapidly approaehiDg a bridge. Summary pk the South Carolina Constitu tion. —Annexed is a summary of the leading . provisions of the South Carolina Constitution . The representation is placed as heretofore, upon the joint basis of the amount ot all taxes raised, whether direct or indirect, and on the number of white people iu each election dis trict. This change, however, is made, that whereas, all banks iu the State, except those in cities, were assessed, under the old system, according to a fixed, unequal and arbitrary estimate, now the taxes will be laid accord ing to the actual value of the property. Oue Senator is assigned to each judicial dis trict, except in the judicial district of Char leston, which consitutes, under the present arrangement, two electiou districts. Ihe city, composed of the late Parishes of St. Phillips and St Michaels, forms one election district with two Senators, and the former Parishes of Christ gChurcli, St Johns,- Berkely, St James, Goose Creek, St Thomas aud St Denis, St James Saute, and St Johns Cott.ou constitutes another election district under the name of the Elec tion District of Berkeley, and are entitled to one Senator iu the place ot the eight they were accustomed to when distinct election dis tricts. The House of Representatives remams the same, with the proviso that no one election district shall be assigned more than twelve Representatives. The quota of Charleston heretofore was twenty. In other respects the provisions on this subject are substantially the same. The viva voce vote lias been substituted in.the General Assembly for the suffrage by ballot. The office of Governor, which has, iu a measure, been uomiual in its character, is invested with greater power. The term is ex tended to four years ; he is to be elected by the people, and in case of au inequality of votes, he is then to be chosen by tbe General Assem bly. The pardoning power is committed to his exercise, hut with the safeguard that he is to report to tbe Legislature all' cases of amnesty which Lave been gi anted by him, with a full statement of his reasons therefor. In order to prevent hasty legislation, the ve to power is vested in him, subject to bo over ruled by a majority of both branches of the General Assembly. Tho Lieutenant-Govern or, also olected bv the people, becomes, by virtue of his office, the President of the Senate, and succeeds to the chair of State in case of a vacancy. Ihe law is to bo administered by superior and inferior courts, directed and es tablished by tho Legislature. The Judges of the superior to he elected by them for the term of good behavior. Those of iuferior courts for four years—one of the latter to bo loca ted in each judicial district, and to be especailly entrusted with the dial of all civil cases wherein one or both of the parties are persons of color, aud of all criminal cases wherein the accused is a person of color. The freehold qualification for a seat in the Senate or House of Represen tatives is dispensed with. The qualifications for suffrage are tbe same as before, with an exception made in favor of emigrants from Europe, who, in lieu of the provision of two years’ previous citizenship, must have declared their intention to become citizens of the United States, acccording to the Constitution and laws of the same. No estate is made requisite. The Treasurers of the up per and lower divisions are united into oue, whose office will be at Columbia. The clause relative to voluntary servitude, asserts, first, that the slaves have beeD emancipated by the action of the United States authorities ; and, secondly, except as a punishment for crime up on conviction, it shall nevei be re-established. The election will take place on the 18th of October, being tbe third Wednesday in the month. The Tori Packing Prospect. —Tbo Louis ville Price Current makes the annexed re marks on the coming pork packing prospeefe in the West: Tho hog crop, as the pork packing season approaches, attracts attention, and the opening or ruling price of hogs for slaughter is asked. As far as our observations extend, the packers iu this section have, as yet, made no offers, have uo stated price, anil of course have made uo contracts. Farmers and drivers have high expectations, assuming that the crop here and throughout the West will be short. In St. Louis a few contracts, have been reported for early delivery, and the first packing at 10c gross. The views of buyers at all the leading points are of course below these figures, and no contracts could be made at that rate. Iu Missouri tho crop is considered to be short, but we learu that late feeding and an abundance of corn will make the product come nearly up to a fair average in weight of pork aud lard. Ia lowa and Wisconsin the yeild is said to promise fair, and in Illinois a full average in number with an excess in weight. In our own State, Kentucky, and In diana and Ohio, the present information cal culates a short yield iu the number of hogs for slaughter, but a very material increase iu the weight, as compared with last season. The great surplus of corn and much feeding will result iu a much heavier product of pork and lard than was anticipated some time ago. Packers and buyers are quietly awaiting the approaching season, evincing no disposition to contract, and we can hear of no reliable offers at any price. The pork packing here this sea son is expected to be heavier than usual, as in creased facilities have been made, with an accession of dealers. The city packers will be prepared to slaughter and pack as many hogs as at any previous period. In Chicago we hear that a few sales of hogs for fall packing have been made at 11 a 12c gross. A Startling Feat. —A few days ago, Harry Leslie, the funambulist, performed a number of blood-curdling exploits in connection with a - ascension of Prof. Lowe, from Central Park, New York. When the balloon was over a thousand feet high, two ropes were droped out, and Leslie threw himself from tbe car, catching one of the ropes iu his fall. His first feat was hanging by one hand, when he changed his position and hung by his feet for some time. Scrambling up the rope, he next placed the loop under baric of his neck, and there, swaying backwards and forwards, he re mained for some time. His next feat was sus pending himself by the chin, and this time, he could not have been less than half a mile high. In this position lie dangled in the air, till finally, when in the neighborhood ot High Bridge, he struck au attitude, plac ing his head in one loop and his feet in the other, and in this horizontal position allowed himself to be toyed with by the winds. At this point, Lowe insisted upon his returning to the car, and he did. so. Cure for a Burn. —The best thing for a burn is the following, and every family ought to know it : As soon ag possible after the burn thrown little green tea in hot water ; let it steep. Stir an Indian meal poultice. Spread the tea leaves on the poultice, put it on the burn, or scald, whatever it may be. If burnt with powder it will take it out and the skin will be as clear as ever. Saleratus by the Acre.— Fitz Hugh Lud low, in his overland trip to California, found between Utah and the Humboldt mountains a large desert composed, as he says of “sand of snowy alkali,” He describes it as one of the most dismal and forboding spots that was < ever traversed by the feet of mm; but, in view of the extension through it of the Atlantic and Pacific railroad, he suggests an interesting possibility as to its future use. He says : “In its crudest state the alkaline earth of the desert is sufficiently pure to make violent efferves ence with acids. No elaborate process is re quired to turn it into commercial soda and. potash. •Marble in Tehcma County, Cal.— About one mile from Silverthorn’s Bridge, which crosses McLoud river, towers to the clouds a mountain, white as if clad in the livery of a ghost, at the foot of which is located Lee & De Long’s marble quarry, from which they take both white, and clouded marble, of as fine quality as that imported from the Green Moun tain State.. The whole mountain appears to be one vast pile of marble, of quantity sufficient to supply the world. It receives a finish as fine and smooth as glass, or like a polished mirror. The great and remarkable cave, one room of which is 100 feet in length by forty feet in breadth and seventy feet high, is near this marble quarry. The quarry and cave are only some five miles from Copper City —tali' fornia Farmer. OCTOBER. Solemn, yet beautiful to view, Month of my heart, thou dawnest hero With sear and faded leav.s to strew The Summer’s melancholy t ier ; The moaning of thy winds I hear, As the red sunset dies afar, And bars of purple cloud appear, Obscuring every western star,- Thou eolemu mouth ! I hear thy voice, It tells my soul of other days, When but to live was to rejoice, When earth was lovely to my gazi. O, visions bright! O, blessed hours ; Where are those living raptures now ? I ask my spirit’s wearied powers, I ask my pale and fevered brow, Alas! for Time, and Death, and Care, What gloom about our way they flinc. Like clouds in Autumn’s gustv air, The burial pageant of the Spring. The dreams that each succeeding year, Seemed bathed in hues of living pride, At last, like weathered loaves, appear. And sleep iu darkness, side by side STATIC ITEMS. City courts have been organized in Macon. We regret to learn that tho rice ciop of (loor gia this year, will bo almost an entire failure. On tbe Ogeechee and Altamaha rivers the us ual crop, before the war was about 600,000 bushels ; this year it will not be over 10,000 or 12,000 bushels. Ou tho Savannah, before the war, the usual crop was 800,000 bushels ; this year it will be about 10,000 —not enough to feed those who made it six months. JuJgc W. G. Swane, late Attorney General of Teunesse, has selected Columbus, for his future home. The Milledgeville Union says tho State House is being put in complete repair, and that the convention will find the Representative chamber as comfortable as they could desire. Fulton county court, Judge Bingham presi ding, is iu session in Atlanta. The Earthquake at San Francisco.- A dis patch from San Farncisco gives the annexed account of the late earthquake in Califonia : The damage by tho earthquake Oct. 8, amounts to considerable in tho aggregate. Many houses needing patching and new plastering and re paring. The windows of the City Hall and the front wall are damaged to such an extent that a portion must be rebuilt, at a cost of several thousand dollars The old Merchant’s ■ cchange building, opposite the Custom House, will probably require rebuilding. No really substantial aud well constructed buildings were seriously damaged. Santa Cruz felt the shock more generally than any other place. Several brick buildings are so badiy damaged that partial reconstruc tion is necessary. A dispatch from thero says* there was a general tumble down of chimneys, aud those now standing are turned partially around. The motion war apparently irom east to west. The ground along tho rivet opened in tisures aud spouted water like Gey sers. The people are unable to use some of tbe wells, which are either dry or tilled up with sand. Tbo chimney at the Powder Mill was thrown down, and other injury done to the works Porlions of the wall of tho now Hotel was thrown down, but the foundation is all right. The smash iu drug stores is great, as also in other stores. Some very narrow cs capes from falling cliimnies are mentioned. The tide rose very high at the time of the shock and tell very low immediately alter There have been eleven distinct shocks felt since the Ist. Up to five o’clock, October 9, there was a number of smaller visitations. The loss (his morning is estimased at about SIO,OOO, but may exceed that amount. A Remarkable Tree. —The Paris Moniteurt in giving an account of the Emperor’s vecen, visit to the Jardin and Acclimation at Algiers stated ibat he was much struck with the rapid growth of the Eucaclyplus Resinifere, or Aus traliau tree, which has attained a height ot thirty feet aud a diamoter of six inehs iu two years. This remarkable tree, in its native soil, Australia, sometimes reaches the height of 340 feet, and has been found more than nineteen feet iu diameter at about a yard from the ground. Itoften yields planks 200 feet long, without a single defect. The wood, not withstanding its rapid growth, is very hard and heavy. It also presents beautiful colors, and is consequently well adapted for cabinet work. An astriugent gum, known in com merce as kino, is obtained by making incisions into its bark. The Eucaclyptus is au ever green f its leaves have nearly the same shape as the laurel. The development of its lateral branches are no less wonderful than its stems. They are small until the trunk attains the height of about one hundred feet, wheu they shoot out almost horizontally, sometrimoe to the length of ninety feet, giving the tree the ap pearance of an enormous umbrella. Tho seed, strange to say, is very small, end not unlike that of tho tobacco plant. Tho flowers are white, of a most agreeable smell, and much liked by bees, which extract from them a most delicious honey. It is also remarked in Aus tralia that the ague is almost unknown in dis tricts where this tree is abundant. An Exciting Race—Men Running Against Horses. —There'was an exciting and novel race at the Point Breeze Park, Philadelphia, re cently. Three horses and twj Indians, were entered for a contest? of speed/* The Indians were named Lightfoot and Stephens, and the nags were called Raid, Jenny Lind, and - Clip per. The struggle was for a purse of $2,000. A great crowd was attracted to tho'park by the novelty of the race, and betting was heavy, both men and horses having their friends aud backers. Tho arrangements were that the Iu dians were to run two aud a quarter miles against a four mile trot on the part of tbe quad rupeds. The quadrupeds were too fleet for tbe bipeds, tho time made by each being as (bl ows : Indians—ll minutes, 54 seconds. Horses—lo minutes, 33 seconds. The race was most exciting, and considera bio money changed bands on the rrault. Saw Mills in Michigan. —The number oi saw mills returned in Michigan last May was 1,073, being an addition of 151 since 1854 , Saw-mills operated by water-power have de creased 95 in number in the last decemiurn while steam saw-mills have nearly doubled in number. The number of feet of lumber sawed the past year, as returned by 194 mills, is 621, 478,904, being 58 2 per cent, more than in 1854. Giving to 98 saw-miils making uo re turns, tbe average amount sawed by those which were returned in May 1864. tho pro duction of Michigan lumber in 1864 world be 684,646,636 feet, or iu round numbers 700,000.- 000 feet. But this is short of the real quanti ty. Nearly half of the 99 mills not returning the number of feet sawed are located at the pineries, having gangs of saws and manufac turing and shipping annually millions of feet- Tho annual amount of lumber sawed in Mich igan ia probably not less than 800,000,000 feet A number of Fenian prisoners Lave been brought before the police magistrates at Dub lln. The Government counsel stated that large sums of money had been received by some of the prisoners from America. A letter was intercepted in that day's mail containing a large draft for one of them. Some of tbo correspondence seized shows that designs of the Fenians were of a most sanguinary char acter, being extermination and assassination of nobility, and the breaking out of a rebel lion. A Bottomless Lake . —A lake has recently been discovered near the Eclipse claim, in the Excelsior district—the latest discovery among the tall peaks of the Sierra Nevada--which, though but 400 feet in length by 200 in breadth, has been sounded to the depth ol 700 feet without finding any bottom. It prob ably occupies the crater of an extinct volcano. A large number of quartz leads appear to ra diate in every direction from this lake as a centre, and quite a mining camp is growing up. there. Ihe cholera is niakiug alarming progress in trance. The people are pouriDgout of Toulon with all possible haste, in order to avoid tbe epidemic. The railway stations are'crowded with fugitives, an J th e Iroops are to be remw Vom the town.