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N S. MORSE. tv THK MtW «OLI> ftOTftg. Ibn Mccretary of tho Treasury has availed of the provisions of the Act of Uon groM? oi March 31, 1 «*«»:», authorizing kirn to issue certificated of deposit In denominations of not less than S2O for gold and buillion piid into public treasury. The Act lequires that the gold i-hall he retained in tho Treasury for the payment of the notes issued ou deposit. It also authorizes him to issue certificates rep resenting the specie in the public Treasury, to pay tho interest on tho public debt, the amount of which sh:.t! not exceed twenty j>e r oent of tho coin on hand, and which shall be receivable for duties on iwipoits. The new notes thus authorized have already appeared, ami ar« known as “ Gahl Back Certificates.” They uie handsomely executed and seem to defy counterfeiting, being printed in gold let tors by a process known only to the Treasury Department. Thin action of the Secretary of the Treasury has scarcely received the attention which it deserves. There can be little doubt that it is the initiation of a [dan for anew specie cur rency. A supplemental act may authorize him to issue notes of smaller denominations for general circulation, and thus gradually with draw tho present greenback and fractional cur rency. But iu any case the plan is a good one. It urobilin* the large amount of coin in the public Treasury, amounting on the 30th of .September last to $15,500,000, and renders it available for business purposes. Heretofore ft has been a standing evil that the accumulation of coin in tho Sub Treasury tended to embarrass the mercantile communi ty. The iuoouftmience may now he obviated. The large amount at present on hand may be made instrumental in diminishing instead of increasing the pries of gold, and thus prevent a needless depreciation of the greenback cuf loney. The new notes will bo eagerly sought lor; and people will prefer them to coin, for which they will answer the same purposes ex cept for foreign exchange. As they possess the ad vantage of undoubted security, they will not he offered for payment, and thus a largo ac cumulation of specie may bo effected by tho Government without any prejudice to tho busi ness inteiosts of the country. The only draw back in, tlmt it may deplete the Treasury in case of excessive importations, for the settle ment of foreign balauoes. But this will be only a temporary inconvenience, as the exports and imports are moro nearly equal under a natural operation of the luws of trado than are generally supposed. The plan of mobilizing the specie in the hands of the Government by issuing ceitifi eates based on actual deposits is uow. The Batik of Amsterdam ....a TUnk of Venice the flint in the world, adopted it for many yeuis, with the irn'St favorablo results. In this country its adoption was urged during the esrly part of Mr. Buchanan’s administration, as a menus of utilizing the Immense amount of specie for the benefit of the public. But it fell through, iu consequence of the opposition shown t.e incisure. its adoption at the pres ent time will tend, we think, to strengthen (lie Government, by the accumulation of coin, and thus facilitate the returu to specie pay incuts. I’ersons who uow hoard treasure will prefer to place it beyond the reach of robbers in tbo strong vaults of the Government, and it is probable that the measure has inaugurated will survive most of the features of tbo present financial system, besides preparing the way for a better one. Interview Between Mr. Davis and John Mitchell. —The Fortress Monroe correspon dent of the Now York Herald reports the con versation between John Mitchell and Mr. Davis on the departure of the former from the prisou. “1 have come to bid yon good bye,” said Mr. Mitchell to Mr. Davis, extending his to the Utter, who grasped it warmly and firmly and held it in his during the brief inter view between them. “The pleasing nows of your restoration to liberty has already been told me,” replied Mr. Davis, ‘‘and 1 congratulate you, now that you are a free citizen of the world again.” “I hope I shall soon have the pleasure of similarly congratulating you,” re sponded Mr. Mitchell. “I bide my time cheer fully and hopefully,” said Mr. Davis. ‘-Have you any commands for me,” asked Mr Mitch ell ; ‘‘any service that I cau do for you ?” “1 only ask to continue you on my list of friends who are doing all they can for me,” was the reply. “Be assured of my unfailing lion in your Said Mr. Mitchell. “1 iw?k uothing more,” said Mr. Davis. ‘‘Shall I write your wife anything?” Mr. Mitchell fur ther atfkod. "It might be a pleasure to her, althougu you know I aw allowed pretty ex tended freedom now iu writing her. Yes, yes. write her,” responded Mr. Davis. This end ermvorsatiou. Each bade the other a good by,” uuclasped hands, and parted. Jhk United Status Navy.— Since the end ot the wftr the Navy Department has exhibi ted great activity iu fitting out vessels for service iu foreign waters. -In the Mediter ranean we have now six vessels, carrying in all seventy three guus Besides these are four now fitting out aud almost ready, with an ag gregate of forty-seven gims. There are iu the Brazilian squadrou six vessels, carrying guns in all, and there are one or two vessels nearly ready to start. The East Indian squad ron is composed of three vessels and thirty seven guns. We are represented iu the waters of the Pacific by twenty vessels and two huu ami and twenty guns. On the Atlantic coast we have seven \cssels, with an aggregate of sixty three guns, besides several light-draft steamers for navigating shallow rivers. In the Gnlf squadrou there are thirteen vessels, c irrv ing, in all niuety-six guns. In the Mississippi we have six vessels, besides a number of iron clads at Mound City, 111. There are eleven vessels belonging to the practice squadron at Aunapolis, Md , aud twenty two vessels that are used as transports, receiving ships, and in other duties. Ihe total number ot vessels actually in service st present, is one huudred and one. The total number of guns is one thousand one hundred aud fifteen, which gives an average of eleven guns to each vessel The Fkrian Movement. —The Fenian move ment in thia country is quietly and systemati cally assuming a great importance. From a somewhat feeble beginning, consisting of a ‘ center” in New York and some few through the Wee 1 , organization has been extended throughout the Uuiuu and now contains gieat uumLers of all classes aud conditions in every Northern State. The first C’jrgress was held at Chicago in 1863, at which but few * cen ters were represent and. but the plan for a vig orous pi osecu don of the ends of the Brother hood and the enlistment of the aid of the Irish- Atoericau element for its success was Iben adopted. Tb s Congress, at Philadelphia, showed this rap'd increase in numbers and influence in a marked degree. The whole number of “cen ters" is said, try an Irieh paper, to be two thousand, containing a vast number of men- The sessions of this Congress have been secret, but the general acts Lave been officially pro mulgated, aud show that the delegates have gone soberly and earnestly so work to erect the superstructure of the new nation whoso form latious are yet to ho laid. They have now got a constitution modeled after that of the United States, a President—Colonel John O Mahoney—military, naval and financial bureaus, with their Secretaries, and a legisla* live body or two houses. They have recognized the Irish Republic, and thus duly christened the embryo government. Tiro Executive officer of the Fenian Broth er hood has engaged a spacious mansion in the upper part of New York city as headquarters. '1 be President and different bureaus will move into it soon. The Express says the present organization :s not intended for the govern ment of tho future Irish Republic, but only to aid the Irish patriot in their struggle for in dependence, by arms money, <fcc. The fright of England in regard to the Fenian movement seems to have extended over to Canada, wlrero Fenian plots are said to have been discovered by which that colony was (o be snatched from England and trans formed into an Irish State, under tho protec tive alliance of tho United States. Some of the uneasy spirits in Canada have seized the opportunity to press the separation question, ur.d luge that the mother country break the tie which brings so many dangers without the necessary influence to counter act them. The Southern Cotton Loan in England.—A meeting of the holders of the Southern cotton loan was held in London ou October 18th, for the purpose of receiving a report from ihe committee appointed on the 4th of September. The committee reported the amount of bonds iu circulation at £2,400,000. They had sub mitted the case to Mr. Fleming, Queen’s Counsel, who gave a long aud elaborate opin ou, entering fully into the doctrine of State rights, aud arguing that if the Confederate not lost their existence as inde pendent States before iu« uouu«;uu U loan, and he thinks not, there is no ground on which the original validity can be successful ly called in question. *lf his views are correct then the United States, having taken tho property of the Confederate States, Rubject to the charge ol the loan, that which has become the property of the United States, continues liable to the charge. On this opiniou the Committee remarked that the opinion of Mr. Fleming on tho case leaves no doubt that sooner or later either the United States or the .States which formed the Confederation, will recognize and pay the loan. The meeting adjourned to the 18th of January. Visit to the President of a Delegation ok Ladies.— His Excellency, tho President, gave audience a few days ago to a numerous dele gation of ladies lrom Baltimore, deputed to present a petition s’gned by 15,000 ladies, seeking the executive clemency iu behalf of Jefferson Davis. Mrs. Coleman, daughter ol tho late lamented John J. Crittenden, address ed the President in feeling and apptopriate terms, to which he responded in a most fe lictious manner, regretting that public policy prevented his yielding to their persuasive an 1 * touching arguments. The interview was a protracted one and of the most agreeable character, aud the fair petitioners, it is stated, left Washington, carry ing with them the most pleasurable impres sions of Ihe President. In declining, the President legretted that fhs national character of the question restrain ed all private sympathy which they might have awakened iu him, and made the impor tant statement that complete arrangements have been made for the early legal trial of Mr. Davis, according lo the laws of the land. An Astounding Fraud. —lnvestigations dis close the fact that betweeu $5,000,000 and $6,000,000 of the Bank of Tennessee bills were dated back when that bank was in the South during the war, in order to make them of greater value, and for the purpose of making them redeemable in case the South Search is now being made for a book by which the original and altered bills can be separated. It Is thought, however, that it cannot be found The way the fraud was brought to light was this. A Legislative Committee was looking over the assets ot the bank, and while doing so, they founder note ou the bank, dated 1856 aud sigued by Messrs. Torbett and Fisher, aa president, and cashier. This fact at once at tracted the attention of one of the committee, who knew that those gentlemen were not in stalled into office till 1859! Mr. Clairoorne, who had charge of the books of the bank while the institution was in the South, was called upou for an explanation, and he at once acknowledged that bills to the amount of the above mentioned sum to have been altered and put in circulation. The matter is to be further investigated. JosFrn P. Carr, Fsq. has located himself in our city, and has taken an office at No. 1 Warren Block. This gentleman formerly had an extensive practice in Charleston, also in the \\ est, where he resided at the beginning of our late troubles. He has already shown great ability in a very important case latelv tried in our city. r Emigrant Aid Societies are being organized V rg '“'*j b v The wa g«» paid foreigners is twelve dollkrs per month and board. AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 22, 1865. [From Macon Telegraph.] (,'LOUSUACIIKKeSOF THK PRKBIUEVr OF THK CONVEX 1 fOA. Oa Wednesday the B'h irscant. the last day of the session of the Georgia Convention at MiHedgeviile, after a unanimous vote of thank? to the presiding officer had beeu passed by the body, and before pronouncing the adjourn ment of the convention, Hon. Herscbel V. Johnson, rose amid profound emotion, visible in the countenances of all present, and with the fountains of his own great heart swelling up to his eye?, and with frequent interruption from an inability to control Lis feeliDgs, delivered the following address: Gentlemen of tfcc Convention : The honr designated in the resolution - which you have adopted, for the adjournment ot this body, has now arrived. The labors which we have been eon veiled to perform have been com pleted ; and we are now about to reperate and return to our respective homes. You have, in tho kindness and indulgence of your hearts, tendered to me your unani mous thank? for the manner in which 1 have discharged the duties devolved upon me as your presiding officer. It is grateful to my feelings, gentlemen, to have received this evi dence of your approbation. When 1 assumed the duties assigned me, I promised you that I would do the very best I could, I have re deemed that pledge with fidelity. My short comings are before you, and for thesa I ask your indulgence. If I have erred it has been unintentional, and I know I have erred, and for these errors, 1 ask and crave your pardon. If, in the discharge of my duties, I have been so unfortunate as to appear unjust or harsh, or inflicted the slightest wound upon the feel ings ol a single member of this body, now, in this parting hour and iu this presence, I humb ly make the amende honorable. We have had before us grave and responsi ble trusts. We have been-acting not for our selves, but for those who are to come after us Many of us will scarcely live to see the fruits of our labors. Some hose are in the prime and vigor of life—they will live lo know whether we have acted wisely or un wisely. Others of us are already upon the verge of that other land whither all are lend ing, and in which all will render an account for the manner iu which they have performed their duties : and our children will live to know whether their fithers have been wise iu careirg for their interests, and in placing our civil and political institutions upon such a basis as to render them permanent and be nign. We have perfo:med the labors assiged us under very unusual circumstances, and ia the midst of an extraordinary and perilous crisis. We have passed through a bloody struggle with those with whom we had been previous ly associated as lellow citizens, as members of the same greaL republic, as descendants of the same glorious anceslry, speakiDg the same language, worshipping the same God, and bs lieving in the same revelation. How sad the event, that a bloody strife should have existed among a people so situated, aud looking back to the same scenes ot pride and glory which illuminated our past history! How sadder still, to think, that at the end of such a con test our country—l mean that portion of it which we call tho South—is prostrated, all its (nteipiises crippled, its pursuits disorganized, its labor destroyed, its agriculture rendered nefficient and unproductive, all our permanent investments iu the way of stocks and bonds rendered valueless—in a word, coming out of such a struggle wlilr me conviction which wp must realize, in reference to ourselves, that wo are indeed a poor people, thrown at a single bum. from the higbeit pinnacle of prosperity down so the most abject ami humiliating cir cumstances of poverty and political impotency ! These are the circumstances, gentlemen, under which we have been discharging the duties assigned to us by our constituents. I refer to them, not for the purpose of reviving in the breast of any one, bitter remembrances of the past, nor yet, for the purpose of pro ducing in your hearts, or in the minds of my countrymen anywhere, an unmanly whining and simpering over our situation, while I feel it was the necessary result of superiority of numbers and resources But thank God ! our manhood remains! (Applause.) I submit these facts for another purpose. It is to remind ourselves that, whilst we have thus been cr ppled in our resources, paralyzed in our energies, shrouded in mourning and sorrow, it is the duty of each of us, with cour ageous manhood, to look the future in the face, and to hope on and hope ever. Something is left, Aki ad Providence has cist our lot in the midst of a land unparalleled in the richness of its soil and resources, and unsurpassed in the material elements necessary for a great, prosperous, powerful and happy State. So far as the development of resources is concerned, Georgia is yet in her infancy. In exhaustible mineral wealth sleeps in the bosom of her gigantic mountains ; and with the ap plication of enterprise aud of energy, these rich materials will be exhumed, aud under the skill of science and of art, and of industry and energy, they will be compelled to contribute to the elevation of our people, to their en hancement in prosperity, and to their growth in power. It is true that our labor system has been en tirely detanged, disorganized, almost destroy ed aud we are now to enter upon the ex periment, whether or not, the means of labor which are left to us, the class of people to which we are to look in the future as our la boring class, can be organized into efficient and trustworthy laborers. That may ba done, or I hope it may be done if left to ourselves. if I could have the ear of the entire people of the United States, and if I might be permitted, humble though I be, to utter au admonition, not by way of threat, but for the purpose of animating them to the pursuit oi a policy wbicti would be wise, and salutary, and fra ternal, and best for the country, I would im plore them that, so far as providing for this organization into a class of efficient and trust worthy laborers, the Federal government should just simply let us alone. We under stand the character of that class of people, their capacities, their instincts, and the causes which control their conduct. If we cannot succed iu making them trustworthy and effi cient as laboiets, I think it is not saying too much, when we affirm that the Federal gov ernment need not attempt it. I trust they will not, ami that we will have the.poor privilege of being let alone, in the future, in reference to this class of our people. So lar as we are concerned, and so far as the relationships wo sustain to them are con cerned, we have duties to perform. lam a Georgian, and speak to Georgians, an honora ble, conscientious, high minded people, who are prepared to discharge their duties, and ready to rend them from surrounding circum stances. I beg to suggest, and I would that I could be hea.d by every citizen cf my beloved State, that of all things pipon this subject, it is most unwise, and nujust, and unkiud, for the former owners of slaves to cultivate toward them a feeling of dislike, or urkindaess, Their emancipation has Rot been brought about by iheir act; and in reference to the scenes through which we have been passing, it is one -of the most remarkable events in all history, that such a people, with such temptation to insur berdination and insurrection, as was constant ly presented to them during all the period of the revolution, aud most especially during the latter portion of it, should have been so quiet, so circumspect, so well behaved, <-o subordinate. All over our Btate, women and children have been left alone in their houses of abode, with out one single, solitary male protector the husbands, the sods and the brothers far away upon the tented field—and yet our women and Children, thus unprotected, have been unmo lested by the colored population, and permit ted to eDjoy safety and security, and as much of the comforts of home, as was compatible with the condition of the country. I say, therefore, that the emancipation of the negroes ainocgsr us is not Hie work of their own doing. They ber.aved themselves well during the war. and the shackles of slavery being knocked off, it is not strange that we should tee iii-tlessness. idleness, thrift'essness exhibited by them, aud in some cases even In suboid nation and a spirit of mutiny-not more, however, than, under the circumstances reasonable men might have expected I speak this for a two fold purpose; first, to pay a just tribute to that unfortunate class of our people, and second, to remind ourselves of the spirit which ought to animate us iu our conduct towards them, and in maintaining the relationship which must necessarily exist between us iu the future. Our conduct should be kiud, humane, salutary, magnanimous, just. The result of this will be the production of a feeling of mutal confidence between the two races. The black race must feel that the white man is not hi3 enemy- that he is jUBt and magnani mous and that on the otter hand will neget conduct on the part of the African race, so far a? they are now capable of being operated upon by such influences, a h-eling of trust and i confidence and kindness, and a willingness to respond to thoduties obligatory upon them, and thus enable both to move along harmoniously in the prosecution of enterprises, and perhaps successfully in the promotion of mutual in terests. Now, if we cultivate this feeling, (and any other feeling would uot comform with our duties towaids them,) and this feeling shall |jjo embodied in a wise and well adjusted code of laws for the government of both classes, be cause laws that shall be enacted ia reference to one class, can not appropriately be suited to the other class on account of their color and fundamental difference of race. I say if we shall adopt such a code of laws that shall give embodiment to these feelings of justice, kindness'Bnd humanity, which I think it is our duty to cultivate towaids them, we may in dulge a hope that we may organize them into a class of trustwoithy laborers. We cannot succeed iu doing this unless our course with reference to that class of people shall be regulated by these high considera tions of conduct. We may succeed, if we are so animated—not only at homo, upon our plantations, but in our legislative halls. If we do not the experiment will only proveto be a failure ; and I fear it will he a failure. But let us make the experiment in good faith, and in proportion as we succeed we shall be remunerated for the effort, and in proportion as we shall fail let us inaugurate such a policy jjta will bring into our midst a sturdy, ener getic class of laborers from other countries, so that our country shall not be a howling and desolate waste, so that our farms may be repaired, our fences rebuiD and our home steads made comfortable, aud all over our State we shall witness evidences of prosperity and thrill. Gentlemen, these vemaiks have beeu sug gestion by the occasion, without any Intention of making a eet speech, but simply as the ut terance of my mind, prompted by the circum stances of the moment. I will not detain you longer. The resolu tion which provides for the adjournment of this convention this day, reserves a duty upon your presiding officer, within six months here after, il it should become necessaiy, to call you together again. That resolution also contains a provision, tnat il from the icsignation, dis ability, or death, your presiding officer should not be able to perform this duty, it will de- VOlVenpon tbc v/Ultf cAvuutltC vl fclxv OtakD. if not removed by death ! I confess to you, gentlemen, when that clause was read in the resolution, a thrill went through my frame. Is it possible that in the opinion of more than three hundred intelligent, experienced men of Georgia, there is such a conviction of the probabilities of the death of a healthy man within six months, that it should be provided for by a solemn act of the convention ? So it is, gentlemen. It was well put in. Two of our body have passed away. We shall never all meet again. Whether I shall be called hence, or you, it is not at ali probable that we shall alt moetagain. Gentlemen, in view of thjsitlyug, and in view of our surrounding?, in vie\i of the chastising scenes through which we have passed; in view of the sorrows which lang around the hearthstones ot almost everyifamily within the borders of our beloved Statq in view of the hallowed memories of ihos< that sleep un known upon the battle field,let us go home, and cultivate among our felllw citizens feelings of kindness, eschewing ever] thing like dia oorded heart burnings, andpitter strife. We have been divided iu ffher times upon party issues. Great princh’es have divided us, aud in the conduct of otHpolitical contests we have been intolerant, viuperatlve, unfor giving, uncharitable. Tha; we may avoid such feelings hereafter, let vS return home, as if from attending the funeral of our mother. Our old mother, thank Gcfl 1 is not dead ; but she has been reduced to extremity ; we have been called together ti nurse around her bedside, and to eudeavor, ilpossible, to reani mate and reinvigorate her tasted body, and now almost paralyzed liobs, and to drive back into her heart the vital blood, and bid it throb, until the vital curent shall stream through its accustomed couises, and even until she shall bloom again iu Jealth. [Sensation and applause]. We have met here as frierds.; the experience of the past bids us that we continue to be friends. When we return home lot us distri bute the sentiment among all classes of our ueighbors of charity aud lore. Let us admon ish them to love their comtry, and to obey the constitutions and law? >f the land. In view of that certain sad event which must sooner or later come to us all, gentle men, be circumspect, and ht us walk thought fully upon the shore of that vast ocean which we must sail so soon. God bless you, gentlemen ! God bless our beloved State ; and may prosperity and hap piness be the boou which a kiud Providence shall confer upon us, throughout ail our bor ders. You are now adjourned sine die, unless if shall become necessary to call you together again. [lmmense applause.] Mr. Thomas of Coweta: I move that the address of the President, to which we have .just listeued, be spread upon the journal of this body. ' The Secretary, Mr. Wffldel, put the motion which was unanimously carried, and Ihe Geor gia State Convention adjourned. Business in New Orleans. — The New Or leans correspondent cf the Mobile Advertiser says Business is becoming quite brisk, and the city looks very much like it did in the mODth of August. The receipts of cotton are large, and every steamer that comes down thg river brings a full cargo iof Western produce. Several cargoes of cattle have latelv arrived from Texas, and one or two cargoes have been brought down the Mississippi. There have been three arrivals of foreign ships, bringing wines and brandies, and foreign dry and fancy good j . The opinions of mercantile men and ffer materially as to our .future prospects; Some think the pres-nt season of prosperity will last but a short time, an i then be followed by a monetary and commercial crisis ; others believe we have entered upon a career of un paralleled fiuancial success The city is cer tainly looking up at thej>resent moment, and it is hoped we may have no worse times in the futuie. Speaking of business. I am re minded of the scarcity of lumber and its un commonly high price. A large number of buildings-are wantei immediately—both stores and private dwellings—but the high price of lumber, and ail kinds of building materials, as well as the wantjbf skilled labor, makes it almost impossible t# build at this time. Miss States, an American singer, has hfen e ugaged tor theopfra at Madrid, Spain, An Important Spit a.yi) Decision ey a United States Court —A ve-rjr interesting and important case has recently be’on tr.ed in the- U. S. Circuit Court for Vermont? v Rut land, before Judge Smalley. It \v for assault and baWery and false* meni, brought bv liiram Walker, a man. turerof Burlington, against C. B. Crane, Assis tant Provost Marshal of the United States for the first Congressional District of Vermont. The trial is reported at length iu the Montpe lier Argus and Patriot, from which we con dense the annexed material facts in the case. The plaintiff went to Rutland in August 18C5, fer the purpose of inlisting a substitute for a young man in his employment He made arrangements with one Noiton who was on his way to Rutland with three Canadians to be enlist™!, to furnish him with one of those men. Norton made a contract with the selectmen of Rutland, for the otli u r two men. Upou going up to the Provost Marshal’s tffice to pay off his man, the plaintiff was rudely accosted, charged with being a substitute broker, and thrust down stairs. .Some words ensued when defendant arrested plaintiff and confined him in Rutland jail in the common room with va grants and criminals, 4 but shortly after be was taken out by a squad of soldiers and discharg ed. The defendant was subsequently smt for to go to the Provost’s office to pay his man, which he did. The defendant put iu the order of the Pro vost Marshal General of Vermont to exclude from his office bounty add substitute brokers, lie also put in evidence for the purpose of showing that plaintiff negotiated with the Se lectmen of Rutland for the sale of three Cana dians ; that he was interested in the contract. which had been made with them ; that they closed the contract with him and Norton, jointly, and that plaintiff did not deny he was a bounty broker. Defendant also put in evi dence an opinion of William Whiting, Solici tor of the war Department, giving a construc tion to certain sections of the Enrollment Act, which had been published by the Department, in a circular form, for the guidance of Provost Marshals. The Plaintiff put in evidence to show that he was not and never had been in any way, a substitute broker and that he had no interest whatever in the contract with the Canadians, except to obtain one as a substitute. It was claimed for Iha defendant that be was justified, under the orders he had received, in excluding the plaintiff from tho office, and the entrance to it, on account of his being a sub stitute broker ; that the plaintiff was guilty of an offense against the enrollment act in threatening and obstnicting an officer of the government; and that the defendant was jus titled iu summarily arresting him under a sec tion cf the act of March 3J, 1863, which is as follows : “And be it further enacted, Ihat any or der of the President, or under his authority, made at any time during the existence of this rebellion, shall be a defence in all courts to any action or prosecution, civil or criminal, pending or to be commenced for any search, seizure, arrest, oi imprisonment, made, done or committed, or acts omitted to be done, un der and by virtue of fueh defence may be made by special plea or under the general is sue.” The defendant further claimed that pending tna war, tho military authority was paramount to the civil, and that summary arresfs under martial law were justifiable and proper, and constituted no cause of action. Judge Smalley in charging the jury ruled that the section in the act of March 3, 1863, above quoted, was in violation of the Constitu tion of the United States and afforded uo pro tection for acts done under the authority 0 f that section; that the language used by the plaintiff did not amount to any offence against the Enrollment Acl; also that tho opinion of Whiting in legard to the construction of that act was erroneous ; end that martial law not having been declared in Vermont, tha civil law remained in full force, aud was not sub ordinate to military authority. He submit ted the question of damages to the Jury, rul ing that if defendent honestly be'ieved, and had reason to believe, that the plaintiff \Vas a substitute broker, and came within the effect of the order to exclude persons of that descrip cion, it should go in migration of damages, even if the fact shonld be found to be other wise. The Jury, after a short absence, returned a verdict for the plaintiff for SIOOO. The Dutch Tulip Mania. —The innocent cause of the evil, always a favorite with the Turkish race, found its way from Constanti nople to Vienna in 1554 It is recorded that in 1562 a caigo of these precious bulbs was received by a merchant of Ant-rwerp, who, mistaking them for some kind of onion, had many of them cooked ; the rest being plant ed amoDg his kitchen vegetables, where, ap parently, most of them died. A merchant of Mechlin, however, had obtained a few cf the bulbs ; and his more careful culture led to the discovery of the beauty of their blooms. The plant thus introduced to the Dutch florists soon became the object of their special cars, the bulbs fetching a high prior. A story is told of a sailor, thar, breakfasting one morning up ou his herring in tho warehouse ot a Dutch merchant, he took up a handful of what he deemei to be onions, and ato them as relish to his fish. Unhappily for the luckless owner, they were the priceless bulbs the new plant; and it is said that the cost of the poor tar’s breakfast to his unconscious host was greater than would have sufficed for the festive enter taiament of ali the heads of the national Gov ernment. The trade in tulip? appears for a long time to have been a legitimate one for those who wanteS and were willing to pay for luxuries. Butin the middle of tine 17 th ceutury, the gambling spirit, so often developed when commerce has increased capital without sup plying corresponding means for the profitable investment of it, took hold of tho entire na tion. Many collateral circumstances prove that the whole affair partook ol this character, and that a genuine love of flowers had little to do with the mania. An instance is found in the system of bettyig ou the probable nature of the flowers which "the young Headings might produce. This was carried to an enormous extent, ruining iamiiy after family like the race-course or the dice-box. 'ihe mania pro bably culminated about the year 1636, at which time the trade is paid to have yielded within three years, to the city of Harlem, about ten millions Bterliyg. For one foot alone 4,000 florins, and anew carriage with two harnessed horses, were given ; 13,000 florins, or above 6501., were paid for another bulb of the same variety : whilst a third of a different sort brought its possessor twelve acres of land. One person who had an income of 2,8001. a year—a very much larger sum then than the same figures now represent was reduced to beogary in four months. The folly at last assumed such vast propor tions that government interference became necessary for its suppression. Happily the gabling mania did not reach England ; but the passion for fine tulips did, and some cor- * responding difference to cost. In 1792 the variety known by the name of Louis the Six teenth sold at £25 per bulb. We are informed that still more recently £72 10s, were offered for one of the same kind and refused; whilst so lately as 1798, bulls cf the variety called Edward weie soid to Mr. Gienny for £l4O, — prices only paralleled at the present day by those paid for the choicest and rarest orchids. A still nearer approach to the prices given dur ling the tuliprnunia was witnessed in 1835, when an amateur of Amsterdam gave 1650, for a tulip called the “Citadel of Antwerp.’ London Quarterly Review. VOL. LXXIVv TANARUS&» C who has , to Savanfiv. thoroughly* ** --.fcSU at the. . State Sou. 50,000 bales? , «dgust which was saved ; while - middle and southwestern was nearly ail tho cotton t* tug the war, save only the for homo consumption. \ Neither army had opera.at. thc.y p at ; no ports through w kloofcnde, and transportuf parts of 6a. ..Confederacy railroads was out f ' era Fforida there ar Ali this is nowfifcding'its outlet Having a. pretty ei through the cotton States, a sort o» my observation u ( *>n the cotton que not be without interest. In lowei and northern Florida, and a part of so ern Alabama, nearly all the cotton was country at the time of the surrendei. In other portions of those States the It part was destroyed at the time of Sheri and Wilson’s raids Missisippi had been thoroughly raided that there was comparati ly little left, but she will probably make cotton than all other Gulf States together. The receipts of cotton at New Orleans fromthe Red River country are far below the general expec tation, aud the quantity planted was vety small. In Texas a full average crop was no ddubt planted, but tho wet weather for the last mouth was very unfavorable for maturing ; it; the airny worm had made its appearance ip several places and was threatening serio damages, whije the prospect for obtaining ti labor necessary for securing the crop was very unfavorable. The amount of old cotton in the State at the surrender was much less than generally supposed, probably but little if any more than 100,000 bales. After a careful comparison of all the facts I have been able togather, I should say that 1,600,000 bales would cover all that was in the South at the time of the surrender. Add to this, say 400,000 bales—a liberal estimate —for the crop of 1865, and you have ail that may be expected lor a year to come. It is too soon to speculate upon ihe prospect for the coming year, but I may remark in a general way, that they are not very encourag ing. A few planters are taking hold in earn est, and oiganizing their forces for putting in a crop next spring, but these cases are rare. There is yet time for great improvement, and it is hoped for the good of the whole country, that the now dorment energies of this people may bo awakened, and they be led to see that the futureds full of promise of a rich re ward for all of their labor. Gaiety in the Mexican Capital.— Two days after the inauguration of Morello’s statue, there was a ball at the palace, in which the rank, fashion, and beauty of Mexican society shone in all its lustre. Madame Almonte, the Marquese of Vivanco, the Baroness of Escan don, and Marshal Bazaine’s wife, were particu larly noticed. Madame Almonte wore a dress of white ormesi, ornamented with knots of blue satin, and on her head a blue diadem. The dress of ihe Marquese of Vivanco was peach color, of a very delicate tint, with white blonde and frinso ornaments. She wore a diamond set with broche and ear-rings of the most magnificent water. On her head was a red velvet coifure, embroidered with pearls and green ribbon? which, compose tho three national colors. The costume of the Barones? of Escandon was magnificent—a beautiful dress, with a waist of point l’angleterre ; on her head a small crown of roses covered with a net sprinkled with gold, two boqueta of dia monds on each side, and sparkles of diamonds surrounding her culred hair. The necklace and bracelets were pearls and diamonds mixed. Her costume was certainly worth half a million of dollars, and was the richest of the evening. Madame La Marechale tsazaine wore a Solferino colored dress, and the emerald and diamond set presented by the Empress. The hair dress was fanned of an emerald ltzenge, surrounded with diamonds, but her youth and beauty were her finest ornament. Outside of these high personages, crowds of beauties had come to charm the delicious party, to which her Majesty the Empress Char lotte bad invited the flower of Mexican society The Sequel of the Great Mexican Emigrat tion Bubble— General Ortega, who is Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Mexico and Vice President of the Republic, and who, by the expiration of the term of President Juarez, will become President next month, has been arrested and admitted to bail in the sum of seven thousand dollars, on the complaint of Colonel William H. Allen, who figured in con nection with the recruiting and emigration movement, and who alleges that he was em ployed by the General to superintend the whole matter, on the promise that all expenses would be paid. Now, Allen states, after ha has reciuited a large number of men for Mexi co, and incurred debts amounting to nearly seven thousand dollars, Geneial Ortega re fuses to cash the bills or to have anything to do with the recruits. The action on the 17th was on a motion to show cause why the order of arrest should not be vacated. The General’s response to Allen's allegations is a complete denial. Ho says that he never gave the latter the slightest authority for engaging In this business, which was commenced before he had ever seen Allen, and which he characterized as foolish and calculated to lead only to failure. He also states that he was shocked when he learned that it was in progress, and that he believes the present proceedings are designed merely to extort money from him. The case was adjourned. A Career of Crime. —At Florence, Italy, a man named Cosimi has just been convicted of the murder ol three women. Eicb of these wo men kept lodging rooms and were found under circumstances leading to the belief that each w-vs showing rooms to some pet son seeking lodging, when they were attacked, thrown down, their tlnoats cut, and robbed. A few days after these murders, which followed each other in rapid succession, Cosimi, who was a stranger in the city, was arrested on suspicion that be was engaged in some political plot, when jewelry and other articles belonging to tbe murdered women, were found in his possession. Evidence was also found show ing that he had formed plans for mur dering six other women keeping lodging bouses. An investigation showed that Cosimi had been a murderer from early years. He yvas once sentenced to be executed, but by the intercession of priests his sentence was com muted, and he was sent to the galleys, from which he soon escaped. As capital punishment wa§ abolished in Tuscany some years since, the man will escape with life, and perhaps will again obtain his liberty, and renew his career of crime. — - The State Treasurei of Missouri reports the receipts into the Treasury for the year at $2.- 463,900, and the expenditures at $1,854,661, leaving a balance of $609,248 Tbe total bonded debt, exclusive of railway bonds, in. $602,000. With such a showing as this Mis souri bonds ought to command higher prices in New York than they do. Tbe Savannah Herald repoits that in no time in ten years has there been a greater commercial activity in Savannah than prevails now. The trade of the city is now on a sound Pa,ajg—the exchange of the staple products of the State for greenbacks and merchandise. 1 Vj ington. v. millions Os dob. The larger oases Railroad Compai company. Gov. Albert Pi; are in Wasbinglo Gen. John Edit ington making ari a National Bank $ the only salvation stand by tho the past. 'G‘ It is thought before the AlgonquiL for the se.a race. A satchel containing lars was stolen from a Express Company Not were being delivered!* Secretary Seward \ Governor Perry to cod Governor of South Carolin. the President's orders. IT regfets that neither the C iature has repudiated the South Carolina seems to d> sionai amendment of the F for the abolition of slavery. tary Seward telegraphed, G President, that an early adop ment was deemed peculiarly . pecially desirable with reference situation of the Union, and that the L opinion, before expresseed, remains uncnai. The President on the 10th, responsiv! delegates from the North Carolina deleg' said that although the State had*done the acceptance of the Cougressiona.ant’ ry amendment is peculiary important successful restoration of tho State to th Gov. Holden has been instructed to the duties of Governor until relieved press orders. Gen. Briscoe, sentenced to five yeart onment has been released by order of retary of War for gallant services du war. The Union majority in New York is 29,000. Great destitution prevails in somo sections of North Carolina. There was a great storm at Havana and Matanzas, October 23. Several vessel were lost, and a great many injured. Some were driven ashore in the harbor t f Havana. Much damage to shipping and Houses ; same in Matanzas, where houses were blown down. The sugar crop is reported as suffering greatly from the storm. Texas papers say the Convention in that Stale will be called about the first of February - The Russian Government has renewed con tracts with Winans, of Baltimore, for keepiug up the rolling stock on the St. Petersburg and Moscow Railroad. The (PConnell monument at Eunis, county Clare, Ireland, was uncovered October 4th, with considerable ceremony. The Legislature of Georgia assmbles at Mil ledgeville on the first Monday in December, which iB the 4th. Chief Justice Chase objects to having Davis tried at Richmond; and urges the postpone ment of the trial till after Congress meets; and said that he wished Congress to provide for the case, especially as these who report there do not disclose how Congress is to interfere. The President wishes the trial immediately, and urges it upon the Chief Justice. The Union Party have elected four out of the five Judges in Maryland. Count Mouthalon, French Minister, denies there ever having been anything unfriendly in French relations with our government. The New York State colored convention at Poughkeepsie has adjourned. A State central committee was appointed to urge the franchise and other questions affect ing the interests of colored Americans. The surgeon of the steamship Atlanta which has just arrived at New York with the cholera on board, states-that the majority of her pas sengers are emigrants from Switzerland and the Southern part, of Germany. They came by way of Paris, .."here the cholera is raging, to Havre. While there several died in boarding houses, attended by Government physicians. Unusual facilities were afforded by officials for atheir shipment, and their anxiety was so great to place them cr shipboard as to cause in quries on the part of the officera of the ship. Since the passengers have been removed front tbe ship but few cases have occurred, aud these are of the mildest form. We may hope for a speedy disappearance of the malady. Two new dodges for infringing the revenue laws have be n reported aa being ex tensively carried on by our Canadian neighbors in the introduction of whiskey by means of tin linings inserted in flour barrels. Out cf 100 barrels received, seventy-five contained tin lining holding from three to five gallons. Ex tensive smuggling of Meerabam pipes inserted in loaves of bread haye also been detected. Fuad Pacha has, to the surprise of mankind, persuaded the Ulemos (Bishops) of iurkey, to give up to the use of the State, a large por tion of the surplus property that had accumu lated in their hands for the endowment of Mosques, Khans, Caravanserias, fountains, wells, &c , lor the use of religion, or tbe bene fit of the poor and of travelers. The Pacha s success in this is the more remarkable seeing that he, himself, is regarded as little better than an unbeliever, while the most pious de votees had hitherto failed in the reform. The amount thus conceded is over *lO 000,000. - A dentist of Edinburg Las patented an in genious modification oi forceps, which admits ar-ificially cooled air through its points to the sum so as to deaden sensation previously to the extraction of the tooth, and thus render the operation painless. . There seem3 to be a general impression in Washington that the French Government has been warned not to send any more troops to Mexico.