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AUGUSTA, GA.
U KDNKHOAI MOKMAU JAM Ait V 3
A National lUNKRti-ruY Bill. — 'l he commit
tee on the Bank 1 apt Law in the U. S. House
of Representatives have agreed to report Mr.
Jenckes bill. This document is very leng fi 7
and elaborate. It embraces fifty one sermons,
and makes a document of sixty-four r l S r ‘ s - .
makes the U.S. District Courts, Courts of bauk
ruptcy, always cpen for th« transaction of
business under this act, as well i Q vacation as
in term time. And the jurisdiction conferred
extends to all cases and controversies arising
bet veen the bankrupt and any creditor or cre
ditors; to the collection of all the assets of the
bankrupt; to the ascertainment and I‘quida
tion of the liens and other specific claims there
on; to the adjustment of the various priorities,
and conflicting interests of all parties and to
the marshalling and disposition of the d'iferent
funds and assets, so as to secure the rights ot
all parties and due distribution of the assets
among all the creditors. The said Courts to
sit for the transaction of bankruptcy business
at any place in the district, of which place, at
the time of holding court, they shall have
given notice, as well as at the places designated
by law for holding such courts.
The act treats of the administration of tbe
casts in Courts of Bankruplcy, defines at length
and minutely the steps to be taken in cases of
voluntary bankruptcy, reserves to creditors all
the property of the debtor except necessary
household furniture, and such other articles
and necess tries as the assignee shall designate
and set apart, having reference in the amount
to the family, conditions, and circumstances
of the bankiupt, but altogether not to exceed
In valtie, in any case, the sum of five hundred
dollars; andulsothe bankrupt’s wearing ap
parel, and that of his wife and children, and
the uniform, arms and equipments of any per
son who is, or has been a soldier ia the militia
or in the service of the United States.
The bill provides for the examination of
bankruptcy; for tho disposition of property
perishable in its nature, and in dispute; de*
dares preferences and fraudulent conveyances
void; provides the form of procedure in bank
ruptcies of partnerships and corporations; for
involuntary bankruptcy; penalties against
bankrupts, penalties against officers, and fees
and costs.
The above is but a brief synopsis of the bill
spoken of. But it gives its leading points.—
Whether it will bo passed as reported is un
certain. But it is evident that a bill of some
kind, of which tho present bill will furnish the
material provision, wiil be passed by this Con
gress.
Congress and tub South. —We trust that a
majorit ? ‘hr members of Congress will,
upoi n 1 ke the only common
sense view . .0 taken in regard to the
Souther.) 11 . ed. And that is—to
adini' 'it tv ! liis is the only course
which oan be wisely pursued. The Northern
members of our National Legislature cannot
fail soon to be convinced of the truth of what
•Henry Ward Beecher has already told them,
that peace cannot be arranged and preserved
on war principles. Most especially is this true
among people of the same family and nation.
Anything short of the most generous confi
dence and kindly fraternal feeling, will be
continually engendering animosity, and bring
ing them frequently into violent collision.
Except when for the purposo of accomplish
ing vengeance the hearts of men are hardened
and their understandings darkened, there is
always truth enough, plain and palpable, t 0
guide every one safely through all the difficul
ties and perils of life. The matter of the pros
perity or the ruin of the whole population of
the South, aud to a great extent relatively that
also of the North—for the North cannot pros
per if the South is to be the abode of unthrift,
auarcby and violence—depends entirely upon
the prevalence of good Benso and a communion
of sympathy and friendship among the whole
people, and particularly between those of the
the North.
If Congress is wi e and doos not seek to in
volve itetlf inextricably in difficulties of the
greatest magnitude, and forever estrange the
Interests and sympathies of th 9 two sections of
the country from each other, they will immedi
ately iuvite those representatives in whom the
people of the South have the fullest confidence,
to join them in their consultations on the
common welfare.
We trust that when Congress comes together
after the adjournment, they will discern that
this is the only course which can be pursued
with safety. If they do not, but prefer instead,
to lend a listening ear to foolish and imprac
ticable counsels, we fear much trouble will
yet ensue#
Cotton Manufacturing Statistics.—From a
report just published, we gather the annexed
statistics in regard to cotton manufacturing
operations. In 1859 the quantity of cotton
used in the United States was 927,651 bales'
larger than for auy previous year. In 1860
the number of establishments in the United
States was about 1.150, with a capital of $85,-
000,000, using $45,000,000 worth of cotton, and
producing $80,000,000 worth of goods. In
M«»»acUx»eotto, in 1 stvo there wore 1.680.471
spindles, and 41,620 looms. The annual con
sumption of cotton is estimated at from seventy
to seventy-five pounds per spindle: the aver
age value of goods per spindlo is from thir
teen to sixteen dollars, and the number of
yards per spindle is from 200 to 230. Accord
ing to the census of 1850, allowing 425 pounds
to the bale of cotton, the consumption in the
United States was 272,527,000 pounds.
In 1661, the year of the opening of the war,
after the first four months some of the mills at
the North began to work on short time, and
for the last half of the year many mills suspend
ed operations entirely. Those that continued
in operation did not probably work more than
four days in the week. Only two-third3 of a
year’s work was done, and only 600 000 bales
of cotton consumed. One half of it was used
tor the manufacture of duck aud other heavy
articles under government contracts. Cotton
in 1861, was, for the first time, imported from
Liverpool to New York and Boston; 14,500
bales were shipped hither from European ports,
besides 4,000 bales of Surat cotton.
In 1860 the manufacture of cotton goods in
New England was three fourths of that of the
Whole United States. Iu England there are
1,003 spindles to 1.000 inhabitants; in Nevf
England 1,000 spindles to 1.000 inhabitants.
PERSONAL.—The New (Means papeis says
Mrs. Robert Tombs has sailed from that city
for Savannah.
Cotton ai fc'sw York. —Since July Ist, the
number of bales of cotton that has arrived at
sbe port of New York is 1,532,089.
What 'Jongrk.-s Ocgut to I)o.—'lhe con
servative m-n inali -ectiuns of tbe country have
been soieiy tried and disappointed tl.m far.
with tbe action® of many membeis of Con
gress. It f* now po t’me for any public man
to be fa'dohs or revengeful. This country has
teen distracted with a bloody, civil war. It
a jw wants peace. It most have peace. Any
factious which endeavors to keep alive the
flames of discord, is a faction which has not
the interests of the nation at heart. No true
patiiot or statesman will refuse to settle the
difficulties between the two sections upon a
just and equitable basis.
The South has thus far done everything in
her power to have matters arranged. She
has ratified the anti-slavery amendment.
She has repudiated the war debt. She has
given guarantees that ihe negroes shall be
treated fairly. These were the conditions im
posed upon her, and these conditions she Las
complied with without a murmur—although it
has cost an immense pecuniary sacrifice and
loss. And having complied with the terms
laid down by the General Government, she has
a right to expect that the privileges she onco
enjoyed under that Government will be
promptly restored to her.
It was well observed by a leading conserva
tive Northern journal that ‘'President John
“son had done more to reconcile the South to
“the supremacy of the Union in eight months,
“by his policy of conciliation, than England
“has in reconciling Ireland to-its lot after four
“centuries of such a policy as that advocated
“by tbe Sumners and Stevenses of the Ameri
“can Congress.’’
The President’s policy is the only policy that
can restore this country to its former prosper
ity. Itever.ge should never find a lodgment in
the breast of those entrusted with the manage
ment of the a’ffiirs of a great nation. Generou
and conciliatory measures are the only meas
ures which should bo introduced into Con
gress. They are tho only ones which should
be tolerated.
Gentlemen 1 Members of the Thirly-Ninth
Congress 1 Let your official conduct be that
of patriots, not partizans. And instead of en
deavoring to foment and create narrow party
prejudices, act with that magnanimity and
forbearance which eau alone bring happiness
to our people. Dash not the cup of peace
from their lips, but rather seek to pour oil up
on tho troubled waters, and say to the politi
cal storm which threatens—“peace, be still.”
A Fearful State of Affairs.—lt is with
feelings of sorrow ad regret that W 9 chroni
cle day, by day the scenes qf robbery and
murder which are on the increase in our beau
tilul 'city and vicinity. A few short weeks
ago a ca 33 of robbery would startl e the public
mind and cause much comment. Now such
deeds are looked on as small matters, when
compared wiih others of a greater magnitude,
and more fearful in their character.
One thing must he apparent to every obser
ver. Crime of all kinds is rapidly on the in
crease in our midst. And what makes matters
still worse, is the fact that as crime increases,
the unla *ful deeds committed also increase in
onormity.
We havo no heart to write upon the subject
- ——— - 1 IruE— It io u griuvo mutter to
jefiectupon. Augusta, once one of the most
law abiding cities in the South, is now so thor
oughly infested with robbers , and villians of
so desperate a character, that a person is un
safe even within the quiet of his own domicil,
after shades of night have fallen. Truly—
these aro evil times. They are fearful times
We commenced this article not to speak of
matters in general, but to refer to one in par
ticular—the diabolical outrago perpetrated
within a few miles of our city last night. The
repeated attacking of a private residence, by
an organized bahd of villians, reminds oae of
the deeds committed-in the daik ages of barba
rism.
When open warfare was carried on between
tho South and the North, act3 of violence and
blood were expected. They were the evils which
always follow in the train of armies. Bu t now,
after the white wino of peace are spread o’er
the land, the people expect all things of this
kind to cease
It is no use to smooth over matters. We
might a3 well speak our mind at once, and
thus cea?o writing about a distasteful sub
ject. The outrage committed at a residence
near this city on Thursday night was an in
famous outrage. Au outrage of most high
handed order. There cau be no extenuating
circumstances in a deed of this kind. Those
who took part in it richly deserve to be visited
with the severest penalty that either the civil
or the military law can inflict—the penalty of
death.
Perhaps we ought not to say auy thing on
this subject, before it is investigated. But we
feel wo should be recreant to our duty as a
journalist did we not,-at least, say as much as
we have.
States not Amenable for Treason.—Judge
Redfield of Boston, has written a letter to Sena
tor Foot of Vermont, in which he takes the
ground squarely that none of the States, late
the scenes of insurrection, are responsible
as States, and that nothing but individuals in
the States are amenable to the law on the
score of treason. The reasoning is said to be
clear, cogent, compact and convincing; one of
the most powerful arguments, in .fact, which
has emanated from any quarter.
This is what the radicals might term “ c
fire iu the rear.” It affords us pleasure to re
cord the fact that one of the leading men of
even'Boston.jMassac'nusetts—that hotbed of all
political heresies and fanatical isms—does not
support the radicals in ’heir present uncalled
for, unprincipled, and most outrageous effort s
to deprive the South of the rights she has un
der the Constitution of the United States.
It is sincerely to be hoped that mote statesmen
of the stamp of Judge Redfield will lift up
their voices against the present movement
made in Congress to injure the South, and use
their influence to support the President in his
herculian task ot bringing order out of chaos,
so that united once again, as a people, we may
grow and prosper as a nation.
The letter of Judge Redfield shows the
South one thing. It shows th it there are men
at the North ready to stand by her and do all
they can to have justice done. L a t us stand
jby those men also. Let us banish all radical
J ideas, and taking our position upon the con-
I servative platform laid down by the President,
' exert ourselves to the uttermost to assist him
; in carrying shame, confusion, and defeat to
j the ranks of those who seek to crush out our
1 very life blood, In order to gratify their veno
| mous hatred.
Executive Appointment. —The Milledgeville
1 papers anncucethat Gov. Jenkins has appoint
ed H J G Williams, of Baldwin county, as one
j of his Secretaries. Major W., held the same po
sition uoder Gov. Brown.
The National Paktt at the Sc-nth as well
as the North, have taken their position, with ,
the President uron the Constitution, a? their
platform. They recognize that as the great (
charter of human rights. The National party :
also have a strict regard for tho c.inprouiises j
of the Constitution, and a rigid respect for
the reserved rights of the States.
The leaders of the new party hold
that the General Government has no more
right to transcend its powers, than have the
States of the Confederacy to act in viola
tion of their guarantees.
In speaking of the Constitution, we m-an
the Constitution as approved-by W hingion
and defined by Jefferson, Budj.et to any
amendments—constitutionally ratified by the
people. When we of the Union, wo
mean the Union of the several sovereign States
united under the Federal Constitution for the
better protection of each. The duty of the
Government is to secure obedience to the Con
stitution and laws. This dene, nothing more
is required. Beyond this, is the mission
neither of the Government nor of any party to
aot.
When the people of the South conform to
the terms of the Government, as they already
have, and resume their position under tho
Constitution, it is the duty of the Government
to receive them; not to humble or deb; se th p m,
and divest them of their manhood ; but to re
store them, conscious that the more elevated
their position, the more prosperous their con
dition, the better it would be for the whole
Union.
Tbe States come into the Union upon tbe
terms of political equality, and those terms
should be held sacred by all parties. These
are the sentiments of tho patriotic, pure, and
peaceful declarations of the Message of Piesi
dent Johnson. That document defends this
restoration policy, and we hope it will not be
abandoned to please a faction of Radicals op
posed to it. The President has the wisdom to
perceive that tne salvation of tho people, de
pends upon the permanency of the principles
of good government —principles which were
defended by Washington, Jtffersou, and a host
of other statesmen from their day to the pres
ent time.
servants of the people at Washington
si o ild so guard their acts that they will lend
to lvance tho prospects ot the whole country.
They should remember that it is not for us as a
nation, iu an hour like tho present, to pur
sue a doubtful pulicy, or to mark out anew
road. Wo should be guided by old land
marks. We should turn neither aside'to th*
right or the left, for around us-on every side
yawns an unfathomable abyss, in whoso dark,
umultuous waves, far, far below the reach of
«arthly resurrection, repose the awful and
mystic remains of republics like our own—ouce
proud ol their independence and glory ; once
renowned lor all the arts of war and peace ;
once tbe theme of the adulation of poets and
scho'ais —whose names are embalmed in his
tory ; once like our own, looking down the
stream of time, to a divinity of duration, and
an infinity of perfection, but now—alas 1 foun.
dered, lost, shattered into a thousand frag
ments, and
“Like the baseless fabric of a vision,
Leaving not a wreck behind.’’
•Tm; New #_
oioso. Ere the sun lights tho earth again, eigh
teen hundred aud sixty-five will be numbered
with the things of the past.
A retrospect of that past reveals all its
deeds. And the chariot of time as it rolls
heavily along, reminds us that:
Thus, in unbroken series, all proceeds ;
And shall, till wide involving either pole,
And the immensity of yonder heaven,
Tho final flames of destiny absorb
The world, consumed in-one enormous pyre!
The experience of the year whose last hour
is numbered with the midnight shades of this,
has taught us a great many pleasant, and quite
as many sad truths. Its events, wore pregnant
with an importance which it is difficult to over
rate, possess, in themselves, much from which
salutary lessons may be learned. 'The acts
which constituted and gave birth to these
events, encourage us on the one hand, whilst
they warn us on the other.
We ri j flee that the blast of the bugle, calling
armed men to deadly combat, no longer rings
from the mountain tops, nor breaks tho still
atmosphere of the valley. In its stead the
music of the black smith’s anvil, the shrill
whistle of steamboats and engines, the lowing
of the herds, all blessed iu harmony, and the
whole country looks up and is glad, at the
prospects, bright iu anticipation, with which
the New Y"ear skirts Ms apparel.
Having passed through the fiery ordeal of
war, and, in the Providence of God having
bsen permitted to escape many dire evils,
which, had thsy been visited upon U3, might
have left U3 where hope, if it ever springs up,
does so only to perish ; let u- look well to the
future, firmly resolved to study the welfare of
each other, the glory of our great State ; and
the good of our common country.
With the dawn of the New Year we pray
that the land we love may be deluged with the
fioodtide of all the rich blessings of Peace and
that happiness and success, dear reader, may
be your attendants through Eighteen Sixtt-
Six.
TnE True Policy. — The Senate of Kentucky
has received a message from the Governor an
nouncing that he had pardoned Governor
Hawes, William H. Simms and others, and re
commending that the same be granted by the
General Assembly, and that a general law be
passed pardoning all persons indicted ia the
State courts for treason.
This is right. It is the true policy. Every
Executive officer te the North as weil as South
should advocate and do all in their power to
carry ont such a policy. It is this policy that
the President, in his wisdom and fore.-ight has
adopted. It should be the policy that Congress
should support. The day of fighting is over.
The discordant and horrid sounds of war have
ceased to be heard throughout the laud.—
Peace has once more visited our distracted
country. In order to enjoy the bounteous
blessings she always brings in her train, every
body of Legislators—State as weil as National
—must adopt nothing but conservative meas
ures. Must put down and crush out all radical
ism. Must legislate for the whole nation.
When that time arrives, our country will be
truly blessed indeed. Theu shall we be
in a proper condition to enjoy the rich gifts
a kind and gracious Providence always bestows
upon a contented and um’(£4 people.
The Tceacco Market. —The stock of Virgi
nia and North Carolina tobacco in Haw York
on December 1, was 1,607 hogshead*,
one hogbead same time last year. The stock
on Ist December has not heretofore exceeded
700 hogsheads, except in the year 1800, when it
amounted to 1,970 hogsheads. The stock of
leaf tobacco, of all kinds,in New York Decern
her 1, was 26,149 i hogsheads, against 36,505
hogsheads same time last year, and 15,833
hogshead* on Ist December, 1860.
France anp Mexico —A Washington corres
pondent of the Cincinnati Commercial states
that “the Government has received no official
intelligence from the Emperor Napoleon that
he intends to withdraw the French troops from
Mexico, yet it is vaguely given out by the
French Minister, fn diplomatic circles, that
such is the Emperor’s intention. It appears
that Maximilian has assurances that their
places will be supplied by Austrian troops,
large numbers of whom are said to be on their
way to Mexico.”
Napoleon is cne of the most wary rulers of
the age. Ho has become satisfied that his re
lations with the United States, growing out of
his intervention in Mexico, have become ratliqi
critical, and the indications are that he'is pro-
Ririug to shift the responsibility of the future
occupation of that country upon the shoulders
of other parties. If trouble is to grow out (f
the holding of Mexico, Napoleon seems to de
sire that it shall not bo with him. But Maxi
milian having been put thero by the wily
Frenchman, may not be entirely satisfied
with this arrangement when the trouble docs
come, anil may force Napoleon to hear his
share of it.
Pi a Iron—Of tbe total production in 18G4
cf anthracite pig iron, there w;i3 produced in
Massachusetts, 2,505 tons; New York, 120,403
tons : New Jersey, 29 578 tons ; Pennsylvania
521,391 Ions; Maryland, 10,378 tons. The to
tal production of the raw bituminous coal and
coke furnaces for 18G4 was 210,000 tons, o
which Pennsylvania produced 121,860 tonsf
Maryland 1,717 ; Western Virginia 3,300, and
Ohio 82,131.
The productof the rolling mills making rail
road iron in the United States was 335,469
tons. In 1850 the production was only 29,083
tons. Massachusetts has now two mills, pro
ducing 30,312 tons.
There are now about thirty steel works in
the United States. The total production of all
kinds during the pa3t year amounted to about
18,000 tons, as follows; Massachusetts, 450
tone; Connecticut, 100 tone; New York, 2,500
tons; New Jersey, 3,700 tons; Pennsylvania.
11,500 tens.
The works in the city of Pittsburg, Pa., pro
duced about one-half of theeteel manufactured
in the country. The capacity of the steel
works is not less than 48,000 tous per annum.
The Labor Queition Elsewhere. —Private
accounts from Arkansas are encouraging The
labor prospects for the coming year are fa
vorabio. Contracts for the cultivation of the
land are being made, and the indications are
that a good crop will be produced.
The condition of the freedmen in Florida,
North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee and
North Alabama, is reported by agents iD these
States to be improving. The negroes are re
turning to their old masters, andjare glad to
get back to their old quarters.
The fretdmenof Georgia will find that their
former masters will deal more liberally with
them than new ones They will also find that
they will provide for their wants better, take
better care of them when sick, and in every
way treat them more kindly than strangers.
Let every negro who can make a contract
with those to whom he formerly belonged,
do so.
An Opinion.—lloraceToayuaiu tromg ns&cu
what he thought of the prospects of the Ten
nessee delegation, since the last action of the
House, said he thought Thad. Stevens had the
whole Southern Confederacy in his breeches
pocket, and m«wit to keep it there for a good
while,
Mr. Maynard should have adJed “if permit
ted so to do.” Already have somo of Mr.
Steven’s former supporters deserted him. And
it is to be hoped that the balance will give
him the cold shoulder unless he becomes more
moderate in his views. It is high time radi
cals of his stamp were given to understand
that the days of their misrule had gone by
and that they must permit statesmen, who
work for the interest of the whole nation, to oc
cupy the place they have so long unworthily
filled.
Negro Suffrage in Washington Citv.—
Some of the radicals wanted a vote on negro
suffrage taken iu Washington City. Well, they
have been gratified. The vote has been taken
It stood thirty in favor and 6,500 against.
The radicals got all they bargained for and
something thrown in this time. It might very
properly be said that they took a seat in
the wrong pew.”
If Congress now forces upon the City of
Washington a measure they have shown such a
strong opposition to, it will be an outrage of
the most glaring nature.
The Weather North.— We have accounts of
extreme cold weather at the North and West.
At Quebec, on Friday night, December 15, the
thermometer fell to twelve degress below zero.
On Saturday morning it was eight below. At
Montreal it was eight below. On Thursday,
December 14, at Chicago the thermometer
ranged from 8 below to 10 above zero. At
Milwaukee the range was from 10 below to 5
above ; at Madison, 12 below ; at Green Bay,
20 below ; at St. Paul, 25 up to 3 below ; at
Dubuque, 6 below, river frozen over ; at Law
rence, Kansas, 8 below, with several inches of
snow; at Cincinnati the lowest mark was 8
above zero.
Colored Justicb. —A negro was lately,
brought before a Justice of the Peace in Mis
sissippi, charged with assault and battery up
on another negro, and a jury of colored men
were summoned to try the case. After lisien
•ing attentively to the evidence and the charge
of the Justice, the jury assessed a fine of twen
ty five doPars on each of the parties to the
wiit.
Tie justice meted out in this case was de
cidedly colored—no matter from what position
you view it.
Another Item fjr Radical Congressmen.—
During the war, with her ordinance of seces
sion unrepealed, and a portion of her citizens
arrayed in arms against the General Govern
ment, the State of Tennessee had representa
tives on the floor of Congress Now with that
oi.finance revoked, her citizens at peace and
submissive to the laws, it is attempted to de
p.ive her of that right. The philosophy or jus
tice of snch a course of proceeding is anoma
lous and astounding, and has no foundation in
the Constitution.
ITir Me Bins Matos.— The present Mayor of
ilobiie appears to be determined upon cleaning
that city of vagrant i. A short time since he
had all arrested who would not show that they
bad some visible means of support. This was
a good movement on his part, and worthy of
fating imitated elsewhere. Now, be ha3 taken
a step to keep the vagrants out. All steam
boat captains who bring such persons to the
city, are to be arrested and punished according
to la w. The Mayor of Mobile is to be com
mended for his seal and energy in a good
work.
On Another Hcbby.— Beecher the radical,
some time since astonished the people by talk
ing strongly in faycr cf conservative measures.
Every one was completely taken aback by the
course pursued by the Reverend pu’pit stump
orator and agitator. But Beecher and conser
vatism, it seems, are no more congenial to
each other than oil and water. You may stir
them up, but they will separate. Beecher’s
conservative coat did not suit him. And now,
lo! We find he has already cast it off, and has
bestrode another hobby. “Universal suffrage,”
is the burthen of his song. Well, Beecher
would not be Beecher unless he was trying to
get somebody into hot water.
A Gbeat Danger.— The Columbus Enquirer
thinks that one of the greatest dangers before
the South is the probability that our people
wiil neglect the raising of provisions and do'
vole too much attention to the planting of
cotton. We think tbe Enquirer has good reasons
for its fears. Every one appeals to be'deter
miaed to plant all the cotton he can, and leave
the provision raising for his neighbor. A good
corn and hog crop next fall will pay well.
California Cotton —We see some of the
papers state that cotton raising can be made
profitable in California at five cents per pound.
This ia stretching the truth a little too far.
Unless tbe great Southern staple grows in
California after being planted without any
care and attention : the above statement about
its being a profitable crop at five cents a pound,
is too absurd to be believed.by those who
have been cotton planters.
Gov. Jenkins’ Position. —ln the New York
Times we find tbe annexed paragraph on the
position taken by Gov. Jenkins :
Whatever may have been thought of the
shape given by Judge Jenkins to tbe action of
the Georgia State Convention, of which he
was confessedly the leader, his recent course
uiustieceivc tbe approval of the entire loyal
North. Unanimously elected Governor of
Georgia, ho yields gracefully to tho decision of
President Johnson, that he shall not at present
enter upon the dischargo of his duties, and in
a letter to the Legislature, the tone of which
is admirable and unaeceptiouable, postpones
hie inauguration until the national Executive
shall indicate its willingness that the cere
mony should take place. f
If the newly elected Governors of Mississippi
and some other Sbutheru States bad manifest
ed the spirit exhibited by Judge Jenkins, and
sho-'-n themseives as anxious to comply with
the wishes of President Johnson as thov were
ambitious to assume authority they could not
exercise,'the work of restoration would have
been both simplified and expedited.
In speaking of tho Governors position on tbe
labor question, the Times further remarks:
“Each succeeding day brings additional
proof that if the moderate men of the South,
such as Gov. Jenkins, of Georgia, are allowed
some discretion in determining the future
status of the freedmeD, it will fare at least as
well with the emancipated population as if we
provided a sumptuary code for their guidance
and pr otection in Washington or Boston.
Nothing, we taka it, cau be more liberal,
kindly, or temperate than the spirit which
pervades Gov. Jenkins’ inaugural address on
this very question ot the negroes’ future.
Lot the employers---the governing class at
the South—be encouraged, as Gov. Jrukins
asks that they be, in seeking to establish mu
tually just and kindly relations with the eman
cipated class, and we shall escape all the dan
gers of anarchy, .and many—if not all—of the
evils of industrial stagnation and social disor
gan’zatiou. The great problem of keeping tbe
two races together in tho lately insurgent
OtaiCß OatwtuiD .L«U l». «<2raa
tageons, must be solved at the South—in the
local Southern Legislatures, in the local courts
of justice; in the Executive council chambers
of just such Governors as Judge Jenkins.
Every feather's weight of extra official pres
sure from without will most surely produce a
reaction in the minds of ,the better disposed
of the employers at the South. And nothing
that the philanthropy of the North can con
tribute will be a compensation to the freedmen
for his forfeiture of the good-will and kindly
co-01 peration 'of those who have heretofore
directed his labor.
A-nTiiso. Valuable Invention. —Among the
many valuable inventions recently brought
before the public at the North, is one to asais
in starting cars. It was invented by 11. H
Coveit, Esq., of Detroit. Here is a description
of it. Q j,,
As tho public generally are aware, the most
important item of expense connected with the
system oi Horse Railroads, is the immense out
lay of money required to furnish the rail oad
companies with horses, as the usage which
they receive in this service is necessarily pecu
liarly severe. Probably there is no work in
which horses are employed where the
mortality arising from over exertion is so great.
This is caused by the strain required to start
the car to which the horses are attached.
When the car is at a stand-still an immense
amount of strength is necessary to get it in mo
tion, after which but comparitively little pull
ffig is requisite to draw the car. Within two
weeko past we heard mentioned the min
of several horses, caused by the strain experi
enced in starting of the car by which exertion,
very many horses are rendered utterly
unfit for any kind of work. This is especially
true in winter when the wheel of the car ad
heres to the track much more closely than in the
summer season, as the coldness af tho weather
causes the frost in them to freeze together
tightly, even though the car remains at a stop
but a moment. Railroad companies have long
felt the need of some apparatus of simple con
struction and working, which should obviate
this evil, by taking from the horses this strain,
aud having it performed by the apparatus in
question. The need of such an invention, and
the promise of pecuniary reward which it offers
have induced practical mechanics to attempt
the cons ruction of simple machine which would
answer the purpose. Several such attempts
have been made but have failed. Mr. H. H.
Covert, a Well -known mechanic of this city, has
contrived an apparatus which has succeeded
admirably, and cannot be equaled for simplicity
and practical use. The invention has boen test
ed by the railroad aud has given creat satis
faction. Last week an experiment wes made
with a car loadt and with nearly three tons of iron
apff the machine was fouud to do its work
fh&roughly and well.
It consists of a pinch bar attached to the car,
and suspended between the wheels by a jaw
bolt and knuckle jointed lever and is operated
by a horizontal lever attached to the drsfliron,
• which is semewtat similar to the draft iron of
a railway car. When the car is brought to a
standstill, the horizontal lever hooks on to a
pin in the draft-rod, which operates the pinch
bar. As the horse or horses start, the car U
thrown forward with about one-twentieth of
the power necessary without the bar. A§ ££>on
as the powei of the bar is exhausted, it ytffngs
back clear from the track and remains so until
the car is again stopped, when it again hooks
on ready for action. The machinery is very
simple and effective, and wholly under the
control of the motive power. Doubtless the
dontrivance will prove highly remunerative to
its inventor. The cost of applying the appa
ratus to a car is about S3O, and the jhoreefl-th
tjiat it wiii save will be enormous. We hope
tjo see it used on every horse car.
Gen. Bbeckinricoe.—A correspondent of the
Cincinnati Enquiier, writing from Toronto,
Canada, speaks thus of Gen. Breckinridge :
Gen. Breckinridge is hero. He looks well
and is in peifeet health. It was represented
during the war that his hair bad turned from
jet black to silvery white. That was a mis
take; a few grey hairs are perceptible about
the locks, tbit i-iall. He is keeping house in
an humble, ietired way. He is much respected
by the citizens, and is invited to two or three
parties a week at the residences cf the first
families. He is a great walker, walking from
six to ten miles a day, while the weather per
mits such exercise. He is a hard etudent, read
ing a great deal. I could not but think that
it is a misfortune that a gentleman of his cul.
ture and intellect should be loet to his country-
FOHKItiX ITEHB.
The cattle disease is preading alarmingly in
England. It is also raging in France.
Great activity prevails among the Russian
military and Naval Departments.
The Spanish government shows no iuiention
ot abandoning its headstrong aggression in
South America.
Two jnore Fenians had been convicted and
sentenced, the one to twenty years and the
other to ten years' peua! servitude. Twenty
thousand British troops were stationed in Ire
land, and, a3 aa additional precaution, tho
Chaucel fleet had been ordered to winter off
the coast. *
A special commission has been ordered to
inquire into the Jamaica atrocities.
The total Dtrength of the Euiopean arinie3 is
4,735.782 men.
Lord Juba Russell and Sir Robert Peel have
had a serious diliicaliy. The latter refuses to
settle it.
During the month of October, Great Britain
exported 734.157 tons cf coal.
The eholcia is spreading ip Russia, notwith
standing tho measures taken to prevent it.
The attempt to stock tho Australian rivers
with sahnen has been so far successful.
Nearly fourteeu thousand fires occurred in
Rursia in the year 1864
The town and canton of vica, Andalusia,
Spain, are being rav
sp'ders. All vegett
insects, and their bi .. .
•'swelling. ,
*’J he corporation < • .
funds the sum of t\
ieft in trust “to bui in...
The English difficulties in India are incradng
Gei:. Schofields visit to Pari* has given
rise to many rumors
Importations of animals from England to
France are prohibited except Lorses, mules and
dogs.
Tho weekly bank returns of the bank of
France show an increase in cash of Twenty-two
and a quarter million francs.
Forty-nine chronometers were found on the
privateer Shenandoah.
The. Delhi Gazette contains the particulars
of the sale of an English girl of fourteen years
cf age to the Chief of lihatwa, in the Kattywar
territory, to be placed in his harem. The girl’s
parents, (a dissolute couple it is said) received
itom the chief the sum of 3,000 rupees, about
$1,5C0. The English political agent intorfem and
so tar as to iequire the bride groom, a man c-f
seventy years old, to execute a marriage set
tlement, by which the new liwht of the harem
is secured in possession of an income of *twc
thousand rupees per annum.
Hamburg papers state that a portion of the
Heligoland rock, having been long undermined
by the sea, had fallen and was engulfed iu the
wave3. Out of the 500 inhabitants ou the
Island, 70 are said to have perished.
The death of the fattest mau in tho world.
M-Hei.ni, is recorded, lie was German by
origin, and employed iu Paris as translator of
foreign correspondence. His ago was forty
two ; he weighed 500 pounds, and latteily
was unable to pass through doors of ordinary
dimensions.
The Maderia wine crop, which for several
years was destroyed by a disease of the vine,
is ibis year a success. About 4,000 pipes of
wino w 11 he made, and the prospects of the
nest crop are even more favorable.
Another new steamer, the Eadymion, has
been launched for the British navy. Her ar
mament will be four one hundred rounder
Armstrong guns, iriffled, muzz’e-loading, aud
nine one hundred and ten pounder breach
loaders.
In 1863 tho different Chinese markets re
ceived a quantity of that perfidious drug
known as opium to tho value of 200,000,000,
of which 150,000,000 were imported into Shang
hai alone. The local custom returns show
that within nine years, opium, to the amount
of onetheusand million mutes has arrived at
that port.
A steamer, constructed after the Bysteal of
Wyman’s cigar ship, has just been launched at
Havre. Its length is seventy-three feet, and
breadth nine ; it is provided with eight screws,
of t*Biol* eix aro entirely cubaaerged ; these
are worked by engines of twenty-live horse
power.
It is estimated that, at the present time, ves
sels are being constructed, in French yards, for
Prussia, to the amount of one million
sterling.
The Emperor of Russia has just carried out
an important reform by the re-constitution 'of
the courts of justice and the appointment of
trial by jury.
A Dutch lady is exploring Uupner Egypt Hu
her own yact. Her crew consists of ten Eng
lish and ten Egyptian sailors,
The deaths from choltra in France during the
month of October were four thousand and
twenty, and three hundred and seventy-nine
from tho sixth to the twelfth ot November.
The latest noveliies of Pari3 fashions are
jewelry made in the ancient Egyptian and
Carthagenian style, and hieroglyphics stamped
or worked on ladies’ dresses and crinoline.
Piracy is increasing to an alarming extent in
China.
It is reported that France has given England
the six months notice required to terminaie
the existing treaty, because cf the strict for
malities required befo’.e French offenders are
given up.
Stephens, the Fenian head centre, has cer
tainly effected his escape to Paris.
Donovan, convicted of Feniantem, has been
sentenced to penal servitude for life.
The cattle disease, which has destroyed somo
34,000 head in England, 8,000 in Holland, and
400 or 500 in Belgium, has hitherto scarcely
attacked France, where only 43 have died of
it.
Late returns of the Bank of France show an
increase of 22,000,000 in the metalic reserve,
and a decrease of 12,000,000 in the circulation,
and 0f56,000,000 in tho discount department.
The cholera still hangs about Parte, but is
diminished in Vieua. . ..
Penny trains are now fully established in
London, England. They run entirely under
ground, late ana early. They will take a per
son to his neighborhood for t wo cents in tm
minutes, while if he took a bus above ground
an hour would be consumed in reaching hte
destination, and have to pay twelve cents.
New York Tobacco market.—a wew
York paper in speaking cf the tobacco trade of
that city, comments thus :
“The entire stock of tobacco in market is
large as a whole; but of desirable qualities the
supply is Email, and at no period during the
past four years has the market been so bate of
Western Black work of every style as it is now,
and ha3 been for months past, there being
scarcely a Sot of such in first, hands, as will be
seen from the annexed remark! regarding each
particular style, ibis can only be accounted
for by the restricted productions of the West
ern factories being confined to supplying their
large home trade in the Northwest and South
west, where moro remunerative prices were
obtained than could be got in thte rnaiket.—
Now that cur market is cleared of nearly al 1
the old tax paid black tobaccos with which it
has been burdened so long, we may expect, on
the return of the next manufacturing seasons
—but not till then—to receive consignments
of dark tobaccos properly put up with some of
this year’s crop, which is said to be very fine
in Missouri.”
Planets Destroyed.— The belief that this
world is ultimately to he destroyed by fire,
is supported by the discovery that such a fate
h.s befallen far larger planets than ours.
French astronomers assert that no fewer than
fifteen hundred fixed stars have vanished
from the firmament within the last three hun
dred years. Tycho Brahe gives an interest
ing account of a brilliant star of the largest
size, which, on account of its singular radience,
had become the special object ol hte daily ob
servation for several months, duriDg which
the star gradudiy became paler, until its fi
nal disappearance. La Place states that cue
of the vanished fixed stars of the northern
hemisphere afforded indubitable evidence of
having been consumed by fire. At first the
Stir was a dazz ing white, next of glowing red
and yellow lu tre, and finally it btcame pale
and ashed colored. The burning ot .the star
lasted sixteen mouths, when this penny visi
to*, to which perhaps, a whole series of plan
ets may have owed allegiance, finally depart
ed and became invisible forever.
Most of the sugar and cotton plantations of
Louisiana are still a wreck, but planters are
making every exertion to produce good crops
next year.
NKWB SUMMARY.
Four young villains, now under arrest for
the murder ol nil old man named Stoddard, in
Ilerkimer county, N Y, have made confessions
of their blocdy deed. They also confies that
they had selected a tavern-keeper as another
victim, and actually called at his tavern to
rob and kill him. when their hearts failed them
and they left The leader of this gang of vil
lains is only eighteen years old.
Iu the new Stock Exchange on Wall street,
New York, an immense vault has been con
structed, one hundred feet in length by twen
ty feet iu width, anu nine feet high. It is
constructed of great blocks of freestone, lined
with Franklimite iron, and minlaid with steel
pla e«, rendering ib absolutely,burglar proof
and fire proof.
On the moruirg of the great Western earth
quake it is said that Goose Lake, situated in
tbe Nevada range of mountains, near the north
ern line' of California, was covered with a
great number of waterspouts, rising at ihe
same time and at a shoit distances i'ronfteacli
other, over tho whole surface of the lake, pre
senting much the appearance of an immense
school of “whales’’ blowing
A company of capitalists from Carlisle, Pa ,
have bought 12,280 acres of timbered land in
Rockingham and Augusta counties, Va.
. The Uaion Natioi al Bauk of Philadelphia
has declared a*dividend of forty per cent,
lear of taxes out of tho contingent fund.
Samples of cotton goods shipped from Man
chester to India were analyzed and found to
contain only about sixty Bix per cent of cot
ton fibre. The proportion, of fermented flour
was fourteen per cent., and mineral matter
thirtien percent.
It is reported that Secretary Stanton has
offered his tesignation, insisting upon its ac
ceptor co.
Tho Fenians at the North are divided.
Some support the old President and some the
new one.
Revenue cutters have been posted along the
coast to assist vessels in distress.
Cornelius Cole has been effected U. S. Sena
tor from Calilornia.
Gen. Howard wants eleven million dollars
(or the freeumen’s bureau the coming year.
The work upon the Hoosic tunnel Mass, still
continues.
Female horse thieves are becoming plenti
ful at the North.
Tbe larger portion of the Merrimac has been
raised and removed to the Norfolk navy yard.
It is said the Moimous have grown im
mensely wealthy out of the overland emigrant
trade.
Emigrants in latge numbers aie flocking to
Western Texas.
The gold mines at St. Paul’s, Michigan, aro
causing much excitement.
Steamers have commenced running between
Portland, Maine, and Liverpool.
At Chicago, December 21, the mercury stood
ten degrees below zero.
A locomotive steam plow has been invented
in New England.
Most of the lead mine furnaces of Missouri
aie closed.
Major Hastings and hi3 colony have left Mo
bile tor Brazil.
The river at St Louis has been frozen thick
enough to permit persons to cross thereon.
The Western Republican members are op
posed to negro suffrage in the District of
Columbia.
Postmaster General Dennison is taking step3
to have the winter mails more legular.
Tbad Steven’s position on reconstruction is
tho same he occupied iu his Lancaster speech.
A movement is being made to increase the
tariff on all good3 manufactured in this coun
try. «
Tbe total number of United States soldiers
nosv on duty in Alabama is about eight thou
sand.
Hon Trusten Polk has returned to St. Louis.
a fata' cattle disease has brokeu out at Run
da, Wisconsin.
Tho first forty miles of tho Pacific railroad
west of Omaha has been fiuished.
A riot occurred at Alexandria, Va., Decem
ber 25. Four whites and six negroes were killed.
Gov. Sharkey of Mississippi, has been reliev
ed, and Gov. Humphreys recognized by the
President
The French inhabitants of Canada are siding
with the Fenians.
I)r. Bath, the celebrated African explorer,
is dead. lie died in Africa.
The Pacific Railroad California Directors re
port that they have now about 5,000 Chinese
coolies at work on the road, and they expect
soon to have 15,000 of them. They are going
over the mountains one hundred and twenty
miles from Sacramento, 7,000 feet above tide
water, aLd they expect to bo at Salt Lake in
1868, where they hope to meet the road from
the East.
It is intended to establish a telegraphic sta
tion at Cape Ros'er, near Gaspe,~ in order to
obtain earlier news from the Quebec steamers.
A letter from Pit Hole city, Pennsylvania,
speaks of crime as still rampant there. The
quietly disposed inhabitants generally stay at
home after dark as it is dangerous to travel the
streets at night. A few days since the post
office was broken open and the letters theiein
robbed of money, drafts, &0., of the estimated
value ot $250,000
The small pox is spreading rapidly in Noith
Carolina.
A Mrs. Caroline Ortise, diod at St. Louis re
cently in the 106th year of her age. She was
one of the earliest French settlers of St. Louis.
The Legislature of Tennessee having refused
to allow negro testimony to be taken in courts
of that State, Gen. Fiske, Superintendent
of the Freedmen,s Bureau—under spe
cial orders from the War Department, has
issued an order, which demands that all cases
iu which negro testimony is invoked, and
which have heretofore been disposed of by
municipal authority, shall ,be brought before
the court of adjudication.
At a recent balloon ascension at San Fran
cisco the mrouant exhibited some startling
performances on a trapeze—two ropes suspend-,
ed about two feet apart, at the bottom by a
stout stick attached to the balloon. During
tho ascent he hung by his feet and bauds to the
trapezi, then by one foot or by the neek, and
again lying across it on his breast and back,
imitating the motions of a swimmer. After re
maining in the air twenty or thirty minutes he
ascended in safety.
Additional reports from British Columbia
represent no abatement in the gold field ex
citement.
The Russian Telegraph line has been com
pleted 440 miles above New Westminister, and
the wire for 400 miles more was on the ground.
In reply to the remonstrances of the mana
gers of the New York savings banks, the Com
missioner of Internal Revenue says, that in hin
opinion, they are exempt from the payment of
the tax, but that no fines will be enforced on
account of their failure to render their returns
of deposit, provided they at onco pay the tax
specified bv law. The Commissioner adds that
they are at liberty to pay the tax levied under
protest, and that he will give them every fa
cility for testing the legality of tho case beforo
the courts.
About six million of acres of land in Mis
souri are being offered for one dollar por acre.
The Germans are occupying them.
The Canadian Oil discoveries, are mere
speculative dodges.
The Canadian merchants desire to have the
reciprocity treaty continued.
Over sixteen million of paper collars have
been manufactured fn Massachusetts since
May.
The gold mines of Nova Scotia are attract
ing much attention.
The New Orleans papers published the
President’s Message entire by Telegraph.
They have commenced collecting U. S. taxes
in interior of Florida.
The Supreme Court of Missouri has decided
in favor of the constitutionality of the new
oath.
The trair.B are now running on the South
Carolina railroad to within five miles of Co
s lutnbia
Iron for the relaying of the track on the
Greenville and Columbia railroad has been
purchased.
Juarez writes that he is tired of the Presi
dency of the Mexican Republic.
The pork backing business of Chicago has
reached the enormous aggregate of $30,000,-
000 a year.
The Southern emigrants to Brazil have set
tled near Eagnora.
The rebuilding of Colt’s largo factory at
Hartford, has been decided upon. The struc
ture is to be one story higher than the old one,
500 feet by 80 in size.