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XJ3. MORSE. L: i\ &mmi Cha* ge of Rates. The Cheapest Weekly Is sued in tli3 CjSintry, THE* WEEKLY Chronicle & Sentinel' VI mied every Wednesday. It will contain all the latest markets, both foreign and domes tic, us well as all tho current news of the day Sq* criptioCs will bo rccoived at the annexed rates : • One copy ono year, S$ l£ Three copies one year, 5 • Five copies ono year, 8 Ten copies one year, 15 Any larger number addressed to names of subscribers $1 50 each. An EXTRA COPY will be. sent to uny person who will get up a club of tun names and forward the same. These ra' c;s make the AUGCaTA 'CHRONICLE & SENTINEL the cheapest publication in the country. Some Facts about Patkolnum. —Tho oil re gion of Western Pennsylvania, which far ex ceeds in productiveness all other localities combined, comprises a district about r twenty miles square, lying along the Alleghany river. Oil has also been found In considerable quan tities in otic r parts of Pennsylvania, in Wes tern Virginia, Eastern Kentucky and Ohio, ‘New Yoik and Canada, It is also known to exist in several of tho Southern States. It ie altogether a rnistako, however, that a coal formation is au invariable Indication of its presence. * The discovery of petroleum, or reck oil, is more ancient than is generally believed. General Washington, in his expedition to French Creek, noticed the Inhabitants skim rniDg it from the water, to bo used for burn ing or for medical purposes. General Mont calm in 17.'> 1 reports the Indians of Franklin, using the oil gathered from » neighboring crock in their paints and tobu:n at their sac rifices. In 184l> it was analyzed and found to be valuable as an illuminatlug Uuid. In 1853 Profersor Silliman discovered that it possessed valuable lubricating qualities* Upon the dis covery, a New Yoik firm purchased a small farm io Venango (Jbunty, near what is now known as Oil Creek. Tue first well was sunk in 1858. Owing to the difficulty of dis engaging the oil from impurities and render ing it non- explosive, it was not until 1800, when these difficulties had been oveicomo, that the subject attracted general attention. Tiio magnificent success which attended the 'first investments created an intense excitement among capitalists aud speculators. It is esti mated Itut not less than twelve hundred oil mining companies were organized, with an ag gregate nominal cipital ot from eight hundred to one thousand tu : Ilians of dollars. Os these numerous vast organizations, nbrut fifty are now flourishing, following their business as>i regular branch of industry, aud realizing large and certain profits. The remaining eleven ■hundred and fifty have all lost money.. In many instances, however, the yields and the products from the wells have been enor mous. TL>c flowing tv< '.ls at Pithole, where the oil flows out in a continuous stream, yield from seveu hundred to tilt sail hundred barrels a day. .On the other baud the price of the oil has been Ijable to great tluctuations. Frojn 18fit) to Ist)'), the price of crude oil varied from thirteen debars and a half to ten cents a bar rel ; the average price has been aoout seven dollars a barrel. The fluctuations in price have been, of course, dm to corresponding llucluato:nj in the actual or expect#! supply. Many wells, which yielcted most abundantly at first, aud were believed to be inexhaustible, have completely dried up. For most of the foregoing facte, and for the followiu ' table showing the number of gallons exported during fife years, we a'c indebted to Deßow’s Review : 1861, exported gallons 1.112.4?5 1362, exported gallons 10.857.43 l 1863, expelled callous 28,250,721 1864, exported gallons 32,592,972 1865, exported gallons 28,456,032 While it is probable that the permanent yield of Petroleum will be less than it has been, it is confidently believed that it will contiuue to be sufficient to constitute it an important interest. Notwithstanding the inevitable dis appointment of enthusiasts and speculators, the Pennsylvania oil district which, ten years ago, might have been beugh* for seven hundred thousand dollars, is at this day held to be worth more than two hundred and fifty mil lions. This district, so recently solely devoted to agriculture, is. now teeming with well or ganized commercial industry. It already con tains numerous towns aud villages, which have sprung up, as if by magic, around the wells, stud am. iig them are some of considerab’o pre tensions.. Oil City, Rouseville, Flumer, O’eo. polis. rit-hcle City, Titusville, Franklin and Reno have all sprung into ex’steuce with a prising suddenness and rapidity. As an instance, Pit-hole City, contain iug seven thousand souls and supporting hotels, chutches, a theatre, banks, land offices, tekgraph and express companies, Sewspapers, ami, as a touriet remarks, everything necessaiy to city life except women and railroads, is the growth ol ninety days. lUilroads are already ii process of construction, and subterraneous B'j*- 8 aie being laid to conduct the oil for miles front the wells to the boats in the / lieghany fiver. Petroleum, to the North, during the war, was an immense source of wealth. Confidence was restored by the revenue derived from it during a period of great financial pressure.— And the balance of foreign exchange was made litrtrelv fn favor of the United States, •hen the military situation seemed to pronrse au inter minable conflict ot arms. * ' • Tub North ken Pulpit vs President John son.—The Boston Commercial says some very sensible things about the custom which obtains, in that sectipn, of converting the pulpit into a rostrum; from whence, instead of “Christ and Him crucified,” proceed the most blatant po litical harangues, The President’s speech on tho twenty-second of February, seems to have stirred up their very depths, so that, since then, these “reformed disciples” have been literally breathing out fire—in the shape of the most intense vituperation. Thev havo been as IW ER-. iful to their hearers, as ibey are lacking in' Six (Jays wmuld suffice for political labor with the many, but it is the ha bit of the Boston clergy to abandon their pro - pw-field of action, to bring reproach upon the profession of religion, by discussing politics on tbo Sabbath. This is no new thing at tho North. Years ago, the preacher was accustomed to discourses, at largo, upon the ‘'curses entailed by slavery,” and the most uilra sentiments, were invariably received with round after round of applause. Think of such a scene in the edifico, over whose door is written. “My House shall bo called a ♦ouse of prayer.” Tho disgrace of the holy desk, In perverting it from tho original design, had much to do with the inaugration of the late unhappy war. And now tint the country has been rescued from what the loud-mouthed call drstruction, they are doiDg all In their power to prevent that which, in waging war, they Eought to accomplish. That our readers may have a bird’s eye view of the sentiments which actuate those men, wo make brief extracts. First in order comes a Mr. llepworth, who hammers the c osed bibfe most unmercifully, as he ex claimed : “For a Vice President we chose a man remarkably for his hatred to the North, in order to smooth down the prejudices of the South-a man horn beneath tho flighting shadows of slavery, who never dared to say. or dared to thifck oven that slavery was wrong We knew this when wo cast our eallots for him 1” Then referring to the President’s speech, the Rev. gentleman gets on a high horse, and rants thus : “In it Mr. Johnson spoke of assassination. You are in no danger, Mr. President, it is only the good and the great whomie ; you will live forever.’’ Mr. Wasson, another one of tho irrecon cileable, does not like the Fpoecb ; because it wants dignity, elevation of tone and good aste. The reader can form his own opinion as to tho amount of dignity and, finish possessed by Mr. W., lrom the following, which he gets off, just after comparing Mr. Johnson to Judas Iscariot and Benedict Arnold. “He is obsti nate ; he is not fit for the place ; ho has no ideas. ” Now, without leaving our particular sphe-e, we venture to advise preachers to attend to their own business. There are souls enough in the land who are thiirsting for the water ot life, bu‘ they are in ignorance as to how they, may obtain it. Preachers had better let poli tics alone, and help their fellows in the search which many are making, and which many more would make, if they had any one, who would point them (he way. Bs and Hopeful.— The counsel of that wise and pure man, Alex. H. Stephens, to be patient aud hopeful, under tho trying cir - cumstances about ns, contains much sound practical wisdom, as does every opinion ex pressed by that eminent statesman. It is the evident purpose of the radicals to exasperate the South, and betray our people into the ex pression of harsh and iutemperato speeches, and if possible to acts of violence —so as to afford them a cloak for the further exercise of acts of oppression aud tyranny. They would have it appear that the Soillh is not conquered that -the provaiiing sentiment amongst all classes in this section, is one of “disloyalty ” to the Government, which requires the strong arm of military power to keep it in subjection. So apparent are their motives for tho unscru pulous warfare they are wagiug upon the South, that no reflecting mind can for a mo ment be deceived. While we bitterly feel the injustice of the cowardly assarts ot our ene mies, and burl back into their tooth with scorn ths foul slander that the South has perjured herself and is still disloyal, so long as we are aided and sustained in battling for our const'# tutional rights by our noble and heroic Presi dent. and the conservative masses of the North and West, we have great reason to be patient and hopeful. The day is not distant when the Radical phalanx will be routed and overwhelmed by au outraged aud indignant people, and South ern Congressmen will take their seats under the prestige of a great victory that will shed its lustre over the whole country, and restore prosperity aud order once more throughout our borders. In the meanwhile, let us not be discouraged nor despondent. So surfi as bi morrow’s sun will rise, so sure will the patriotic policy of Preskleut Johnson prevail, and the naiiou become tracquilized and happy. The Congress of to day does not reflect the opinions of the Northern mind ; the issues upon which they were elected, at a time of unusual excite ment, have ceased to exist, and at the nexc j elections these plotting Jacobins will be repu diated by their constituencies and sink into merited insignificance and obscurity. The negreralready understands that his for mer master is bis best friend to day—that the csteutatious expressions of sympathy and re gard for his weliare, on the sart of Northern tanat es, is all a delusion—a miserable “ignus fatuus” that has no real existence. We have trials and wexations now that are grievous to be borne, but in view of the certain defeat of the enemies of our country, and the great in terests of the future, we can bear them like men. The lesson of ihe past four years has taught us “to suffer and be strong.” We need not be servile or sycophantic, but, observing a proud self-reliance and manly patience, we may look confidently to tbe early dawn of a brighter day. “Patience, in cowards, is tame, hopeless fear ; But, iu brave iniiids, u scot ft cj xchit tiny An armed body of negroes, having obtained possession of tbe Chimborezo grounds, Rich mond. Va . threatened tbe life of any white person attempting to pass there. They nred on tbe police. Eleven were arrested, and are soon to be tried. AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING. MARCH 21,186(1, Accident Insurance . —Tho history of Accident Insurance is uot a meagre one, gathering up here and there an isolated fact to illustrate its worth. From its very begining until the present time, Uh entira course has been marked with the most beneficent results. It has carried blessings to a multitude of homes, where sorrow and want would have been unwelcome fgnests. The msrehant, the machacic, the professional man, the laborer, ovuitaken bv accident, have been sustained and ch#fred in knowing that * they were relieved from the most burdensome consequences of Miftgf- misfortune. Enforced cessation from burin- to or work, Replies commonly a ccssa- But not so to the! insured. His pursuits have indeed been necessari ly suspended, and although he can no longer call in his earning as usual, the policy which he holds makes sure to him a sufficient income, until he regains the ability to labor. Such is the simple woiking of Accident Insurance, an institution which has been demonstrated, In thousands of instances, to be of great social value. r.By the payment of a small sum of money, any man, without regard to his bodily health, and consequently needing no medical exami nation, may purchase of the Company a pro tection against anxiety and destitution arising from disability by accident for a period not exceeding twenty-six weeks. Thus a Genera 1 Accident Policy iusures to the holder the pay ment of from three to fifty dollars per week if disabled, and in case of his accidental death, it to ‘his family the sum of from SSOO to SIO,OOO. There Is thus established, in some degree, a law of compensation, by which the severest consequences of accident are mitiga ted, ayd the sccial independence of the dis abled remains undisturbed until the restora tion to health and ability to work. In this manner the most beneficent rewards of econo iny are obtained by a self-denial which is not felt, and every individual of the insured is put in practical possession of a store, which per haps he would havo striven in vain to accu mulate, and is set freo from the harassing restlessness which vex s the 6ouls of men upon whose future there rests a discouraging uncer tainty. Viewed in this light, Accident Insur ance cannot but be regarded as ono of the most important economic institutions of our time. In choosing a company to insure in, the “Travelers of Hartford” presents the fol lowing claims: It is the Pioneer Accident Insurance Company in America. It is man aged by careful and experienood underwriters. It has the largest paid up cash capital cf any accident company. It~ has a surplus of over one hundred thousand doilais. It docs the largest business. It pays its losses promptly, having paid $125,000 within the past twenty months; and is perfectly sound and reliable.— B.H. Brcadhax, corner of Broad and Jackson streets, is the agent for Augusta and vicinity. Radical Contradictions. — l Tho iniquity of tho position taken by the leaders of the Radi cal party, in fighting against a restoration of tho Union, is so great that they are every day forced to illustrate tho truth of th 9 Taw, that falsehood must sooner or later contradict and expose itself. It is only necessary to look at the positions they take, to see their glaring inconsistency. ' • During the war Stevens, Colfax, and men of their stamp, strenuously denied that tthe Southern Slates had dissolved their relations with the Federal Government, and constantly insisted that they were “integral parts of the Union.” Thty complained bitterly of Great Britain for her quasi recognition of the Con federate States. Now, they make themselves a practical recognit.on of the existence of such a Government. The South laid down their arms too soon for the purpose aimed at by the Radical party. They mean to exclude the Southern States until the next Presidentia election ha3 been held. That is the true reason of their present course ; that, and a desire to revenge on tho Southern people,by subjecting them to every humiliation and hardship- Their plea that the cxc’usion is necessary te the future stability and welfare of our institu" tions, is a mere cloak’ to their revolutionary and thoroughly partizan schemes. President Johnson, on tho other hand, has been consistent. Ho has insisted from the first tjiat no State was, or could be, out cf th- Usion ; and in demanding the immediate Re storation ot the Union, he acta now in accord ance with the solemn and ,unanimous declara tion of Congress msde two days after the battle of Bull Run. It ia well to recall that resolu tion now, if for no other purpose than to seo how tar the Radicals have since given the lie to their own declaration, and sought to set aside this recorded action of Congress on the 23d of July, 1S61: Resolved, That the present deplorable civil war has been "forced upon the country by the disuuionists of the Southern States, now in aims against the Constitutional Government, and in arms around the capital; that ia this national emeigency Congress, banishing all feelings of mere passion and resentment, will recollect only its duty to the whole country; that this war is not waged on their part in any spirit of oppression, or for any purpose of conquest or subjugation, or purpose of over throwing or interfering with the rights or es tablished institutions of those States, but to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution, aud to preserve the Union with ail the dignity, equality, and rights of the several States unimpaired, and that as soon as these objects are accomplished, the war ought to cease. The very men who voted fox this resclutio*, now declare that the war is still in progress- Although the objects for Vhich they said it 3re accomplished they are unwill iug it shall cease. Again—look at their glaring inconsistAcy in the matter ot the constitutional amendments. It requires the assent of tbree-fourths of the States to ratify an amendment to the federal Constitution. Now these same Radical leaders have been urging the Southern States to ect in their capacity as States, in order to carry cer tain amendments Yet. while ftiua recogniz ing them as States, they refuse to allow their membeis of Coegress to take scats in Congress ! It seems they are States for radical purposes, but not States for any other purpose ! “They are in the Unidn when we want to use them,” was the confession of one of the radical members ot Congress, “and out of the Union when we want them out.” It is to be hoped that the people of the North, at the coming tlecticn, will administer a crushing rebuke to tho radical leaders. President Johnson’s Record os the Suf frage Question. ln the year 1858 the territory of Minnesota made application for admission into the sisterhood of States. Objection was made to her Constitution, because it confer- v red the right of suffrage upon persons ndt citizens of the United States, aliens not natug ralized. This was the main ground urged by those who opposed her admission. In other words it was contended that her Constitution was not to forni,” Johnson wife then in the United States twnate, and he exposed the fallacy by a clear, and nn - answerable argument; contending that suffrage constitutional prerogative of the States alone, and that it was the right of Minnesota, as of every other commonwealth, to regWate the qualifications of voters -according to her own conviction of right. The following explicit declaration of the Senator from Ten nessee, years ago, may servo "to enlighten his radical opponents at this day on the ques tion of constitutional construction of which they appear to have such need. It will do more. It will show that one eaiential feature of the President’s reconstruction policy was shadowed forth years ago, and that he i3 now only living up to his already announced con victions of the true theory of republican government. Hear him : to enter my protest against a doc trine which may be supposed to be advanced here in refererce to the qualification of the vo ters of a State. This Government has no power under the Constitution of the Ufiiled States, to fix tho qualification of voters in any sovereign State cf the Confederacy. I want to enter my protest against the doctrine being indulgeu in or cultivated to any other extent, that this Government has power to go inside a sovereign State and prescribe the qual fieations of her voters at the ballot box. It is for the State and not for the Government to do that. If the doctrine be once conceded, that the Federal Government has the power to fix tho qualifies tions of voters in a State, the idea of State Sovereignty is utopian. There is no such thing aa State Sovereignly if this Governnfeat can fix the qualification of voters. There are simply two things to be ascertained here : First, have weevideijpo that a State has been formed?— Second, have we evidence that it is Republican in its character ? These two things being as certained, every thing else is for the State that applies for admission ” Almost a Sow. —Tfle Louisville Courier has a special dispatch from Cincinnati, under date of March sth, which says: An election was held this afternoon in the First Presbyterian Crrurch, for three Eiders. Two tickets were presented—one, a so called Copperhead, and the other a Union ticket. The organiz itiou of the meeting was delayed for two hours, during which the most exciting scenes occurred. The ladies took sides and hissed thoir opponents. Rev. Dr, Anderson, pastor, read from the laws aud usages cf the church, that none but communicants could vote, while the Copperheads held and insisted that the pew holders had a right to vote for elders. During tho excitement, chairs were overturned, ladies screamed and blows were about to be struck, when a policeman made his appearance. Dr. Anderson urged peace ful proceedings and • succeeded in oiganiz'ng by idling in a chairman acceptable to both part*. Ballotiog then proceeded and result ed in the triumph of the Union teacher, church will now be organized on a Union basis Wm. M. Corry was leader of thfe Copper heads, and had on hand about a cartload of ecclesiastic literature. We cannot sea much Christianity in such proceedings. Squabbles of this kind, however, may always be looked for whenever any party undertakes to mix up politics with religion. Wnen we "say there is but little religion in polities now a days, we probably assert that which is correct in regard to the-acts of nine tenths of the politicians. * To carry their points and gain their ends, appears to ba the sole ob ject of a great majority.of those who fill high places. Would it were otherwise. Tnu States not to I’soni bit Business which pays Revenue License.— - Hon, Greeu Clay Smith, of Kentucky, has reported in the House of Representative a bill, which was referred to the Committee of Ways and Means, providing that whenever a prison was licensed under the internal revenue laws to carry ou aDy business, the license shall be full and complete authori ty for such person to carry on such trade, busi ness or calling, provided the said trade, busi ness or calling, may be regulated by the laws of tho several States for all purposes of inter nal police regulations ; and provided that it shall not be construed to preyent any State from levying a tax for State purposes on any trade, business or profession for which a li cense is required. It will bo recollected that in some of the Eastern States, where prohibi tory laws are in force, tho courts have decid ed that a government license doe3 not pro tect the seller against the penalties of the State iaw3. This bill is understood to stop farther decisions of this kind, and to prohibit the State authorities from doing more than regulate the .traffic. Government Revenue from the South. —A st ktement from the office of the Secretary of the Treasury shows the amount of money re ceived by the Government from the Southern States, since the close of the war and up to the Ist of February. The items are as follows : From customs and Custobn House fees, $2,- 877,950; from captured aud abandoned pro perty, $13,131,218; from direct taf, $658,137 ; from tax on cottas, $133,126 commer cial intercourse, $22,400 ; from bank duty, $32,064 ; from internal revenue $10,979,756, Total, 27.955,540 Eslabged. —The Memphis Avalanche, of the Gth, comes to us in an enlarged form. The Avalanche is of the right caste, and we are pleased to class it with our very best ex changes. Its political views are conservative, and as comprehensive as the country is broad. May the principles it advocates prove to be an Avalanche of destruction to tbe opponents of Constitutional Liberty. At Woke. —Gen. James Longstreet has been elected President of the Great southern and Western Life and Accident Insurance Company. just established iu New York. Gen. Dick Taylor has leased frem the State the New Canal, connecting the upper pirt of New Or leans with Lake Pontchartrain, for £750,d00, payable in annual installments. The North American Mutual Life Insurance Company, of New York. haß placed to the credit of all policy holders a dividend of forty five per cent for the current year. A SOUTHERN VIEW OF THE NEXT COTTON • CROP. Cotton Las become a word to conjure whh. Plutus whispers it on Change and the whole commercial world becomes excited. Many there are who think of nothing else, speculate in nothing else love nothing else. They talk of the fleecy fabric when awake, dream ot it when asleep, turn it now into greenbacks, now into gold, and now build with it all sorts of castles in the air. Tho New Orleans Crescent gives the annexed speculations and statistics in regard to tho next cotton crop. this country, l-aving the balance, worth at the old ante-bellum price, about one hundred and sixty millions of dollars, to take the place of specie in our foreign exchange. It is not won derful, then, that cotton Is regarded as a pro duct of great importance, and that in the future as in the past-, it is expected to occupy a prominent position in our industrial and commercial statistics. Much speculation exists as to the piobable crop of 1860. Some look for a crop of three millions of bales, while others again are far more moderate in their estimate, placing the prospective crop at a million or a million and a half, ihesi diffierences of opinion arise from the different views entertained touching the productive value of free and slave labor. Some thick that the freedman will be more effective than the slave as an,.v agricultural producer, wLiie others imagine that he will be almost worthless. On this subject wo have been favored with some calculations', made by a keeu statistical friend of ours, which we think are well worthy of beng seriously pondered. The data cannot certainly be questioned, and all of our readers are at liberty to Judge for themselves of tho conclusions arrived at. If the figures and de ductions which we are about to offer, tend m any manner to harmonize commerce and the wiid mania of hazardous speculation, our aim will be accomplished. . Numerous correspondents, who appear to be interested iu lowering the price'of cotton now held by the producers of tho South, coolly state that all the negroes have gone to work with energy, and (hat consequently the cotton crop of the present year cannot be less than 2,500,000 or 3,000,000 bales. Persons who make such statements cannot have visited the outskirts of this and other Southern cities, where negroes by thcu. acds congregate, and are living in comparative idleness and d* stitu tion. There are m this city at present not less than 75,000 negro* men and women, who have drifted hither from the rural districts in order *o erijoy the imaginary case and pleasure of city life. A similar story may be told of every cily end town from the Potomac to the Rio Grande, and tho total number thus' drawn away from agricultural employments is indeed enormous. According to oui friend’s statistical table, there were about 4 000,000 slaves in the South at tho commencement of the wrr. It was "the custom iu ancient times to estimate one tenth of every nation or tribe as warriors, or porsons popoßla of Ktaqrinti! arm a Tailing this ae tho basis of calculation, there were, at the begin ning of the war, 400,000 negro men between 'the ages of 18 and 45 years. Os that number 200,000 entered the army of the United States, but the sword end disease reduced their ranks to 100,000. Since the close of the war many of these have and gone to the North and West. The remainder are in the army still. Os the 200,000 who did not enlist, some perished in the Confederate service while engaged in erecting forts and digging trenches; 100,000 ars now to be found in towns and vil lages throughout the South, employed on steamboats, in hotels, or playing the part of independent freedmen. Os the balance, 25,- 000 remoVcd into States where cotton is not produced, and 75,000 remained at home on the old plantations, and most of them may now be found in the field at work. Turning to the opposHe sex, we find S4OO, 000 between the ages of eighteen and forty five years. And bow shall we account for them ? Go, ink-shedding Bohemian, to tho coast of South Carolina and Georgia. Follow the trail of General Sherman’s grand march to the sea from Atlanta. Go to Mobile, Nash ville, Memphis, Vicksburg, .Savannah, Jack son, Baton Rouge, Monroe, Shreveport, Alex andra, and this city. Visit the graveyards in our towns , and villages, and ask who sleeps there. It will be easy to account for the dis appearance cf 100,000 negro women—poor, ignornant creatures, who left their homes to follow triumphant armies, but perished of cold, hunger and fatigue ere the bliss of free dom became theirs. We are speaking now of grown-up women. The children who follow ed them fell by the wayside, and slumber in unmarked and uueppsecrated graves. To seek guarantees for their promised freedom, 25,000 nave gone North, East and West, and 125,000 are about towns, cities and villages, washing cooking, or following far less creditable occu pations. This would leave 150,000 effective female laborers in the rural districts. Os boys and giris between the ages of ten and eighteen years there are perhaps, 120,000. haifoi whom are either employed or are loitering about towns and villages. We' have, therefore, of available colojpd cotton raisers : Negro men 75 000 Negro women 150,000 Negro boys and girls 60,000 Total We must now take into consideration the number of white persons who Wiil devote their attention to cotton raising. In the cotton States there were about 250.000 white men at the cmnmencunent of the war, who, if so in clined. might have devoted their attention to the raising of cotton. Os this number 100,000 have“been killed’or disabled during the war, but their places have to soma extent been sup plied by the growth of boys. We think it would be a large estimate to allow 2P0.000 white laborers lor the cotton fields during the present season. If so, we have a total effective force of 485,(T00 cotton raisers. The next question is, how much cotton ckn we reasonably expect to be raised per hand? Statistics show that in 1840, with a force of 600,000 laborers, our crop was 1,800,000 bales, or three b iles per hand. When the laboring force doubled between 1850 and 1860, the crop proved to bs 4 500,000 bales, equal to 3J bales per hand. What then shall be our estimate for the present year? We must remember that theie is a scarcity of stock and agricultural that fences, ginhouses and habi ■ rations need repair; that fo:d must be provi ded; that ranch of the rich cotton lands along the Mississippi are not yet redeemed from over- flow by the rebuilding of broken levees. Our dependence for ivercp must rest chiefly on tha highland farms, which are far le c s pro ductive thaa those of the lowlands. All things we cannot expect more than three baWtq>er Band, which would yiela 1,440,000 biles in aU. ISow, if it be contend ec^that this estimate is behw the‘mark, the reader will please remember that we have mraeno calculation for labor which must ne cessarily be devoted to other crops—sugar, tobacco and rice, for instance—not of that which will be turned lo mechanics and stock raising. These improvements will certainly absorb all that remains df tbe physical ing power which the Southern States can at present boa3t. With ail thess facts before us it would bs vain to expect a cotton crop cf more than a ead a half of bales. . Let not tbe commercial and’manufacturing world be deceived by tbe loose calculations of Freshmen’s Bureaus 01 interested speculators. Nor will it not do to an argument on the amount on handjit the close of the war—that was made up from the savings and hidings du ring five long years from the torchman and the VOL. LXXV.----NEW SERIES VOL. XXV NO. 13. plunderer. Tho few bales the planter now has lrq should not sacrifice at existing rates. He need not be frightened by a nightmare oi three million bales. No such crop will be produced either this year or next. What will be raised in 1808 we will not pretend to say. It is enough at present to know that we cannot raise a crop exceeding 1,500,000 bales this year, and as the demand for our staple will be' much greater than the supply, the price will as suredly advance. We stake our professional reputation on the corretness of our general conclusions in the promise. Important Order From Gen. Thomas-. —The annexed important order appears iu the Nash ville Gazette of the 19. h. It was .issuedsome time ago, but as Us have escaped the memory of ceK *si of our readers, we repub lishit: f,|fl Hd’qrs Military Division ofTennessee, j Nashville, Tenn., Feb., 21, 1866. J General Orders No. 6.] Tho officers of the Treasury Department of the United States charged with the collection of Direct Taxes and Internal Revenues in the several States composing this Military Division, having been, by reason of tho refusal of certain individuals to cancel their just indebtedness to the Government, repeatedly compelled to in \ oke the aid and assistance of military author ity in tho full performance of their duties. It is hereby ordered, that hereafter, any and all persons neglecting or refusing to pay to the proper officers such just dues as are herein specified, shall be liable to arrest and a trial before a Military Commission. By command of Maj. Gen. Thomas. W. D. Whipple, Assistant Adjutant Deneral. Georgia Legislature. HOUSE. Wed.'it 3D ay, Afternoon, March 7. The bill to organize county Courts in each county, and to define the jurisdiction of the same, was passed. The provisions of the Senate hill requiring that the county Judges of Chatham and Bibb be practicing attorneys was stricken out. Bill to incorporate Macdn Express Company was lost. Wednesday Night, March 7. Tae annexed bills were passed : to extend the Charter of the Itoswell Manufacturing Company ; for the relief of Jasper J. Owen and William Owen, of Franklin county ; to amend 3988th Section cf . the Code; to legalize and make valid acts of Notaries Public in certain cases; to amend 3604th Section of > the Code ; to amend an act to incorporate -the Georgia Home Insurance Company ; to appoint new Commissioners for the town of Hancock, and to incorporate the same. The annexed bilis were lost : to establish a military school at Fort Valley ; to altor and amend the laws of this State iu relation to the Justices of the Interior Court; to repeal an Act, assented to March 21st 1864, and to re-enact the former laws in regard to publishing the decisions of the Supreme Court,; to relieve tax oollcclors tot the year 1805, from the obliga tion of their bonds ; to amend Section 291 of the Code ; to alter and amend part 4, para graph 4632 of the Code; to amend 1564th Sec tion of tho Code in relation to certain peddlers. SENATE. Thc sday, March 8. The bill to change the line between Lee and Terrill counties (passed) was reconsidered. A resolution authorizing the appointment of a Committee of lawyers to examine the Digest of the Supreme Court Decisions in course of preparation by A. O. Bacon, Esq , of Macon, Georgia. Referred to the Judicijiry _ Commit tee. A bill was introduced to incorporate the Augusta Savings Bank. The same bill had passed both Houses but lacked some formality to render it valid. The annexed bills were passed : to alter tho charter of Hawkinsville; to fix the pay of offi cers and members of the General Assembly— the pry of the Speaker of the House and Presi dent of tho Senate is fixed at sl2 per day, that of the other members at $3 pi#day; to author ize the Governor, in case the State is not al lowed to assume the Federal tax, to arrest the collection of State tax on land tho present year; to authorize the Justices of the Inferior Court of Randolph county to issue bonds; to author ize the Inferior Courts of Thomas and Liberty counties to levy and collect an extra tax; to compensate the Commissioners for preparing the Freedmen’s Code—it allows each of the four $500; to authorize the Superintendent of the Western & Atlantic Railroad, and the Treasurer of the State to execute a bond for payment to the United States of dues for iron, etc.; to allow the Ordinary of Mclntosh county to keep his records more than a mile from the Court House; for the relief of Milky Howard; to change, the line between Muscogee and Chat tahoochee counties so as to make the Upatoie the boundary; to increase the pay of the Com piler of the Laws to $750; to Tepeal the iaws forbidding the circulation of United States Currency; to amend the charter of the town of Sparta; to incorporate the town of Springfield; to amend the charter of the town of Biinbridge; to amend section 1290 of the Code; to allow certain, charitable schools in Savannah, to sell lands donated to the same; for the relief of John S, Edmondson; to alter section 2416 of the Code; for the relief of Collins 'of the county of Whitfield; in relation to Records; to authorize Courts in certain counties to be held in oihet places besides the Court House; to amend tho Code in relation to vagrants; to make provisiofftov the division of lands among distributees in certain counties where no pro visions are made for such division; to alter the rubs of evidence in certain cases; to alter eec tifln 1307 of the Code; to alter section 2480 of the Code; to authorize bis Excellency to raise money by the issue of State bonds it authorizes the raising of $1,500,000; to incorporate the Brunswick & Aitamaha Canal Company; to incorporate the Carroll Manufacturing Compa ny ; to authorize the Inferior Court of Bartow county to issue bonds to raise revenue for county purposes; for the relief of maimed sol diers—it provides for supplying, at tho expense of the State, artificial legs and arms to maimed soldiers in the late Confederate army; to in corporate the Eagle & Phceaix Manufacturing Company of Columbia, Ga.; to incorporate the 00-tauaula Steamboat Company, with powers of Insurance; to incorporate the Yorab Geld Company; to incorporate the Cutbbert Manu facturing Company; to incorporate the Augusta Mutual Insurance Company; to amend the charter of the Merchants’ Insurance Company; to incorporate the Augusta Insurance Bank, to incorporate the Gordon Mining and Msnufac fturing The annexed bills were lost : to incorporate the Lagrange Savings Back; to change the line between Putnam and Jasper. The bill to remit the unpaid for the years 1864 and ’65, was referred to toe Judi ciary Committee, HOUSE. Thursday, March . The Stay Law vetoed bv the Governor on ac. count of Constitutional objections to the same, was taken unhand passed by Constitutional majority. Yeas*l2l, nays < • A bill was introduced to regulate charges of R.R and Express Companies and to preyeht extortion by the same. „ ■ Bill to incorporate the Atlanta jstreet R. R. Company. Lost. , ~, T A motion to reconsider so much of tbe Jour nal as relates to the rejection of a bill to change tbe name of tbe Home In-urance Company .of Savannah, to the Georgia Citizen s Company, prevailed and the bill passed. A motion to reconsider so much of the_ Jour nal as relates to the rejection of a bill to mcor - porate the Union Express Company, was lost. The annexed bills were passed : to au- thorize the Inferior Court of Pickens county to appropriate any money in the Treasury of said county, arising from sale of cotton to the support of the indigent poor of said county; to authorize the Inferior Courts of the several counties in this State, to purchase farms and houses for paupers, and to levy a tax to pay for the same; to authorize the Ordinaries of this State to issue temporary letters of admin istration iu certain cases; to incorporate the town of Sfylesboro ; to incorporate a Street Railroad Company in the city of Savannah ; to incorporate thß Alabama and Georgia Manu facturing Company ; to repeal section 4424 of tho Code; to regulate the liabilities of Execu tors, Administrators and Guardians, and regu late sottlements with the same ; to legalize the appointment of L. •>. li. Fairohild, Treas urer of Chatham county ; to- incorporate the Augusta and Summerville R R. Company ; for the reiief of Dickinson //Taliaferro: Jr., of Whit field county . SENATE. Thursday Afternoon, March 8. The annexed bills were p§ssed ; to fix the fees of ordinaries ; to incorporate tho Colum bus Manufacturing Company —the corpoiation is to exist for 50 years ; to incorporate the American Insurance and Industrial Agency ; to incorporate-tha Cbestoe Long Branch Hy draulic Hose Mining Company ; to incorporate the Little River Mining Company; to incor- (he Franklin Mining Manufacturing Company ; to incorporate the Gate city car and Machine Works ; to increase tho fees of Oleik of Supremo Court and county officers ; to authorize the Inferior Courts of the several counties, to levy and collect an extra tax for the benefit of indigent soldiers of tho late Confederate Army and the indigent families of deceased soldiers —tax not to exceed 100 per cent on the State tax ; to change the time of holding the Superior Courts of Lee County ; for the relief of Administrators, Guardians, etc—it relieves such from any liabilities for having taken Confederate bonds. The annexed bills were lost: to change the line between Lawrence an£ Wilkinson; to de fino fha liabilities of Vendue Masters; to al low Executors to resign their trusts; to allow a Justice Court at Gledmore, Ware county; to alter section 648 of the Code; to alter the mode of paying the Solicitor of Eastern Cir cuit; to limit the time when Companies char tered by this Legislature must organize. HOUSE. Thursday Afternoon, March 8. The qnnexed bills were passed : toj regulate the labor of convicts upon public works, and to define the powers of the Inferior Courts and the Governor in regard to the same; for the relief of George Cox of Whitfield county; to incorporate Chattahoochee Manufacturing Com pany; to incorporate the Mechanics Savings Bank of Augusta; to prescribe, the marital relation between freedmen ; to exonorate Sheriffs and other collecting officers from liabil ities in certain cases. The annexed ills were lest; alter and amend sections 585, 594 and 602, and repeal section 588 of the Code ; to regulate Administration of Estates of deceased persons ; creating liens up ■ on growing crops'; to define tho duty of Tax Receivers. HOUSE. Thursday Night, March 8. A bill was introduced to authorize the Or dinary of Newton county to issuedetters of ad ministration toL. A. Watley, a non-resident. The*annexed bills were lost ; to reduce the bonds of officers of certain counties ; to define the rights of persons owning Landings on riv ers; to require persons exempt from juror duty to serve as Tales jurors. The annexed bills were passed; to amend the Charter of the City of Macon; to allow the redemption cf real estate sold undor execution, in two years; to organize and establish an Or phan’s Home in this State; to add an additional clause to the 2531 section of the Code; to in corporate the Columbus Manufacturing Com pany ;to prescribe and regulate the relation, of parents and child among persons of col<£; to incorporate the Savings Banks of Augusta; to amend the 1350 section of the Code; to id corporate the Dalton Medical College. SENATE. Friday, March 9. The motion to reconsider the bill lost on yesterday to make Vendue Masters responsi ble for property sold by them—prevailed. The annexed bills were passed ; to incorpos rate t e Southern Savings Bank and Associa tion ; to incoiporate the LaGrange Savings Bank ; to change the line between Lee and Terrell Counties ; to make Vendue Masters responsi >le for the property sold by them; to incorporate the Southern Bank of America ; to alter Section 1620 <ft the Code.; to extend the charter of the Central Railroad and Canal Company ; to incorporate the Steam Cotton Mill Company. The annexed bills were lost : to increase the liabilities of Express Companies; to give Jus tices’ Courts jurisdiction in cases of larceny, where the theft was not more thau S2O. The bill to vest the State’s lafids near Macon, in the corporate authorities of said city, be ing tho special order, was taken up and was. under discussion at the time of closing this report. HOUSE. Friday, March 9. A resolution was adopted in relation to the appointment of a committee to select a site for the Penitentiary. The bill for the relief of the banks, was in definitely postponed. Bill to encourage Immigration. Passed. The annexed bills were passed : to repeal the 285th section of the Code ; for the relief of L. A. Whatley, Administrator; limiting the charges of Express companies;-to extend the corpoiate limits of Thomssville; Homestead bill as reported by a Conference Committee, The annexed bills were passed ? to require freedmen to have certificates of employment ; to authorize Ordinaries to issue letters testa mentary kin certain cases; to a. low freedmen equa'ity in giving in testimony. HOUSE. Friday Afternoon, March 9. The annexed bills were passed : to extend the limits of Thomasville; to doteate the.Oke fenokea swamp lands to the Georgia Orphans’ Home; accepting tor the State donation of land from the United States to States and ter ritories; to authorize transfer of criminal cases in Interior Courts to the County Courts; to define and regulate Court contracts in the County Courts; to authorize married women to deposit money in Savings Banks; to incorporate the Georgia Land and Lumber Company; Bill to prevent the consumption of grain by distilleries. Lost. SINaTE. Friday Afternoon, Match 9. The bill to vest in the City Authorities of Macon certain lands of tho State—being the unfinished business—was taken tip, and after considerable discussion was lost. Yeas 13, nays 15. The bill to incorporate the Planters Loan and Banking Association was taken up and passed* SENATE. Saturday, March 10. On motion of Mr. Butler, 100 copies of The report of the committee appointed by the Provisional Governor to investigate the finan cial condition of the State during the war, were ordered to be printed for tho use of the Senate. * ' Bill to amend section 3604 of the Code. Lost. Resolution in relation to the appointment cf a committee of competent lawyers to examine an 1 report on a digest of Supreme Court de cisions iu course of preparation by A. O, Ba con, E-q., was passed. The annexed bills were passed: incorporating the Augusta Savings Bank was passed; to en able Judges of the Superior.and Inferior Court