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Cjjronirlf k Initmii AUGUBTaTg V. WKUHKHOAV MOHMVtJ?JIWB 6. The Fenian-. In Canada. In our issue of yesterday we announced, upon the authority of our telegraphic dispatch es, that a warlike force had crossed from our border and taken possession of an armed for tress in Canada—Fort Erie, The movement is one whic|j may be productive of Important results to the civlli»td*>world. This depends mainly upon the comploteuaaa and resources of the organization which has inaugurated the movement. If the Fenian Brotherhood have one half the men and wUeriei at their command which they have claimed, the invasion of Canada is one of those apparently hair-brained attempts which not only shocks the common sense of nations by their seeming puerility, but at the same time secures td the movement an element of success in its apparent weakness. If the Gov ernment of Great Britain shall fail to take a correct view of the force which thus threatens the overthrow of ite power In Canada, the com* .sequences may be of the moßt serious chartc acter. If it should be overestimated, and thereby induces a withdrawal of too large a portion of her army from tbe United Kingdom, it will afford an opportunity to the people of Ireland for the emancipation of their country from British rule, which has never before been presented to that oppressed people. On the other hand, if it should be regarded as a mere repetition of the Oampo Bello farce—which will fall to pieces from its own inherent weak ness—the loss of Canada may be regarded as almost certain. If the recent conflicts between ihe two branches of the Brotherhood in this country have been reconciled, and harmony Is restored between the Hweeney-Roberta party and the O’Mahonoys, we may expect to hear, in a few days, of large reinforcements being sent to tho scene of action. This is, doubtless, Intended as a flank move ment upon Ireland. In that view, it becomes an Important one, and shows that the minds which control the operations of The Fenians are of that character which will give weight and power to the enterprise. But there is another vie w of this matter which clothes It with a mag nitude and Import ance which demands our serious consideration. The Government of the United States has per mitted ahcstlle army to be recruited, organ ized and eq i p()e( i w ’ lt hin its borders to make war upon a IJ opjiy power. This army has actually moved our B h o rea upon the bor ders of a ueighbu n g government, taking We are under treaty ac * £> Britain, and are bound byX tionß to Great to prevent such demonstration£ WB nat ' ona done it. England has the right'lfv llll ve uot demand, not only the amplest broach ol faith, but indemnity for the loSL^ 1 ' 8 may sustain and the expenses incurred on*i! 9 oount of this invasion. Will our government be able, without a breach of national honor, to Hitisfy England’s demand ? Tho Government of Great Britain, if consis tent In nothing else, has most clearly never wavered in IU prejudices against the Govern ment of (he United States . During the recent civil war, while it pro fessed some degroe cf sympathy and good fuel ing toward tho South, it was quite apparent that such maultcßtatlons wore mude, not because -fa sincere desire for our sujeess, but prompt ed by tb 0 old hatred to the Union. She honed *' i ‘ wni would exhaust oar power ■Out! and ultimately destroy i "■ ,fM “fit.- dr. Sewards 1 our has at i*- * emi’c he oppoitsmlty to retort pen the «*’'nfniU ft,* < - i‘ vmuiern LonieaoriMjf-iPu now them raFTto ’io the rights of terilgerem lora thef. the point at which this O madal v.ii.i w , H .in importance which challenges tl ti ti of O T ’VJMUrtt ckthlrtMirjrtf] h<- thim.iei.ing +peet of affairs in Europe. , .. m 1.--. , ■ we a tendeuoy to soften ire of the British Lion. He may only growl aud show his teeth ; but if so, wo ahull know what cause to assign for his amiable forbear ance. Wo do not believe that war is likely to be produced by tiffs Fenian embroglio. Tho interests of both governments demand peace, und national honor la such an elastic, pliable thing, that when circumstances render it neces sary ft easily »,[justs itself to the requirements of interest. Our own government is not yet sufficiently recuporated from the enormous drain made upon its material interests by the late civil war to justify It in plunging the country into a foreign war upon a mere point of honor. Affairs iu Austria aud Italy, and the remark able utterances of Louis Napoleon at Auxere, must compel British Ministers to move very cautiously In their conduct towards tbe United States. LETTER FRO.B ttOITtIOIIERY. A-nlxbt In Atlanta -MMufMturißß at West Point—Wliicnln* ot the R, K. U»»*o--K»tiroad Wonvcution-Tiirounti Connection with cuTAnntth—Crops, Ac. n „ Montgomery, May 30. Dear Chronicli I left your city by the Georgia Kill road, ni K ht traiu; arriving and spending nest day in Atlanta. I found At lanta exceedingly dull, but mine host at the “Planters" made me exceed ingly comfortable. “O’Halloran’’ is well known to many of your readers. But 1 can not lorbear commending him as a host, well skilled in providing creature comforts. It is astonishing to see what has been done in ‘'re construct ion" by the enterprise of the Atlan ta people since the war closed. To mo it is matvellous. The last time I was here, was at the time that “those sissing shells” of Shermau's were deciding the indecisive friends of Bill Arp. For I, like Arp’s friend “Big John, " belouged to the staff of Joe. Brown in memory of which I always carry a Staff to assist my peregrinations. I saw George Hull the efficient and gentlemauly Superintendent of the Atlanta and West Point Road. He is as ever—but I learn has received some tempting offers from New York railroads. May his shadow never grow less—and good fortune at tend him wherever he may be; but I hope he will not leave Georgia. The Atlanta and West Point Road is as of yore. I saw noth ing a.ong the road worthy of*notice. Crops— ah, well! If these were old times I should say miserable. Everybody talks about cotton cotton growing—cotton manufacturing. Ben. Hill and others are quoted all the time—about the profits of manufacturing. West Point is all alive with the manufacturing spirit. Fac tories going up. Saw Mills, Rock Blastings and Water Power the chief topics. My ride to Montgomery was far pleasanter than I could have expected. I saw lor the first time that the gauge of the Montgomery and West Point Road is being widened. So we may expect that passengers will soon go from Augusta to Montgomery—from the Alabama to the Sa vannah rivers, without change of cars. Mont gomery looks well —people are active and hopelul, bnt the merchants complain greatly 'of want of trade. The chief topio here is a Railroad Conven tion which meets on the sth inst , and has lor its object the speedy completion of the Mont gomery and Eufaula Road to Uaion Springs' when it will intersect the Mobile and Girard Road. Oae of the most respeotable and in f aential merchants said to-day in my hearing he day far distant w(£n "cotton through irum Montgomery tAßavan* nafj»QuickerTlnje and witlien* cbJ%e V cars —thli it could seach Augusta—and that he would rccelvrFell his goods from New York without transhipment by that route. Indeed h« intimated pretty strongly that the whole route—Union Springs Road, Muscogee Rail road, and South Western would be pretty much wn/Ur the same mmaqemcnt. I have seen several friends here from Savan nah, also one Or two from Augusta, that have reached here—all well and enjoying themsel ves. Igo to Demopolis to-morrow, and thenoe to the valley. If Ido not get out of reach of the malls, I will give you a summary of "'cotton prospects,” so soon as I reach Grenada. I find however great complaint here about seed, and that the general opinion is—seed to be good must be kept in the lint. Warren. JltniVhS FROfl TUB CAPITAL. [FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT,] Washington, Tuesday, May 29. The scheme of the Reconstruction Commit tee has at last, come to grief. The Senate, this afternoon, by an unanimous vote, rejected the third section of the proposed constitutional amendment. That section, if adopted, would have disfranchised the whole body of the Southern people until 1870. When it is re membered that Thaddeus Stevens declared, tour weeks ago, on the floor of the House of Representatives, that the third section contained the pith of the whole scheme agreed upon by the Committee of Fifteen, and that, if that feature were stricken out, he “would not give a snap of hia finger.for all the rest of the re port,” the IMPORTANCE OF THE ACTIOS OF THE SENATE will at o jee be understood by your readers. — The rejection of this third section, in fact, in dicates a re-action of sentiment in at least one of the branches of Congress. That re action woh not altogether unexpected by Stevens and the desperate cabal of reckless demagogues who form his immediate clique in the House. As early as last Friday afternoon it was known that the caucus of Kephblican Senators had taken a vote which sealed the fate ol the ob noxious section, and great were the lamenta tions in the .extreme wing of the Radical camp when tbe result was announced. THE WRATH OF STEVENS at the defeat of his pet project of excluding the entire South from any participation in the next Presidential election know no bounds. Yesterday, by way of giving vent to his in dignation he introduced a blll embodying hlj own views as to the proper mode of recon structing the Southern States. By the provis ions of this bill the" whole work of recon struction, so far as it has already progressed under the President’s authority, is nullified ; the existing State Governments in the South are recognized only as temporary arrange ments for tbo preservation of social and mu nicipal good order ; and the whole business of erecting “loyal” State Governments, begin ning with the call of conventions, &c., is to be •ylormod anew. In tho primary elections for " >conventions, all “loyal” citizens, black aa Mte, are to be flowed to vote. Os course it-, Qut the q ueß tiou that this meas ure can be p„^ even by the Lower House, in which the »^ uenoe u s t tj e Penusylvania Mephistophiles isV otont . and the move* ment is significant an indioatiou 0 f the bitterness of some of o,„ enem i ea i u Con greas. TUB NEW FRKED.MEN’a BUREAU BILL which was papsed t*y the House of Rcpresen i thn Bureau two years . , in other I resuecte, > much less übje-. i .u.i.ile than -;.e 1:11 ot Similar *itle which first provoked the , exei •?!.: .if th*j veto power on the art of t'resl j dent Johnson. The bill may p. ;8 « ihe Senate, I bat me*- ’>••• ’ :•<:■: •i* -a* believing that It'* '' t's •* spit*’ of all G *u. Howard to | bolster up the of his sob- J crdlnatce. the Bureau is daffy weoomicg bet ter known here aud consequently, less r.* | epeefi-d. On. ; iera? R K.B.' t Jjio ag^fe*" I ant commissioner at .uatkstou, *Jhdt> v ri diculously self satisfied report from his De partment, dated May 22, in tho course of which he tells us that tho planters are all delighted at tho working of the Bureau, and are “panio strickon ’ at the bare Idoa of its removal. CLEARING SAVANNAH HARBOR, Tho Government has just awarded a con tract to floury S. Wells, of New York, to raise the vessols sunk by the Confederates in the river and harbor of Savannah. Some of these vessels were sunk to servo as obstructions, while others, including the gunboats, weie scuttled at tho time of the evacuation of the city. There are said to be, in all, about twrn ty of these sunken crafts, some of which, be cause of their guns and armament, are coisid ered very valuable. THE CASE OF EX-PRESIDENT DAVIS Remaius involved in official fog ; but it will be gratifying to the Southern people at large to know that their former Chief Magistrate is gradually gaining the privileges which his dis tinguished character and peculiar circumstances entitle him to receive. The newspaper corres pondents are kept all agog gathering item# about the great State prisoner and his devoted wife. Mrs. Davis still remains here and re ceives much attention. On Sunday she attend ed the Church of the Ascension, escorted by Sonator Saulsbury, of Delaware. The papers publish Mr. Davis’ weekly bill of fare, from which it appears that his diet is varied and sub stantial. His counsel have had several long in terviews with their client, and it is said that urn. less the trial takes place speedily (which, as I havealready mentioned, is not probable,) they will apply to have him set at liberty, on bail. Mr. Davis prefers giving bail to being paroled,as involving less of the nature of a favor. It is stated that he can offer bail to the extent often millions of dollars; though in what quarter he expects to find his sureties is more thab this correspondent can inform .you. COTTON AT Tr« .'i.RTII. . The price ot which hail fallen so materially a week or two ago, is again bounding upward in sympathy with the gold market. The rise within the last week has been no less than eight cents a pound ! Perhaps the anticipa tion that the Senate will cut down the uncon scionable five cent excise tax imposed by the House of Representatives has something to do with the advance. Butternut . Gen. Stonemau—A Kind Act. The Memphis Bulletin tells the following on Gen. Stoneman : On Saturday afternoon Gen. Stoneman, the General commanding this district, performed a kmdly and beDovelent act which deserves to be recorded. While the General was passing along the levee, he saw five Confederate soldiers, on their way home to New Orleans from the North. They were poor, their clothes were torn and ragged, and all of them had lain long on their beds of sickness in a Northern hospital, recovering fiorn desperate wounds He learned their sad story—the heart of the General was touched—and walking up to one of the men, be handed him a five dollar bin. The Confederate asked his name, and on beiug told that the generous donor was General Stoneman, his heart filled and his tongue was unable to utter the thanks which his heart dictated. Iq a few minutes he recovered him self, bnt the General had left. He, however, told several of the bystanders what had taken place, and the manner in which he had been relieved by a gallant officer and brave enemy. Gen. Stoneman. by this noble act, has shown that, when war >s over, he, at least, Can forget and forgive, and, when it is required, can put his hand in his pocket and relieve the poor wounded soldier who bad fought on the other tide from him. RELWSOI IfTteI.UGETtF. The new aau old - ‘ ooL j’-esbyteriau Gen erai Assemblies ai r session af st. Louis. The foHowing extract from the Re publican wi’lsh.w our readers the efforts and progress, towaids a reconciliation—recon struction—rehabilitation or whatever it elftuld be called. The old sshool—the original sj[n ion ; the New School, the “Secash” party, w'e believe. Rev. Dr. Gurley and Judge Ciarke, commis sioners from the Old Scnool Assembly, were introduced by the Moderator.. Rev. Dr. Gurley—Mr. Moderator and mem bers of the First Presbyterian General Assem bly. 'fhe Hoa. Mr. Clarke and myself are here by appointment from the General Assem • bly which holds its sessions in the Second Presbyteriau Church in this city, to convey to you the fraternal salutation of that body, and this we do with earnestness and sincerity. It is not a mere matter of courtesy and form. I think that I can say that it is the utterances of the heart. We recognize you as our breth ren in the Lord, bought with the same blood and renewed by the same spirit and servants of the same Master, engaged in tbe same work and going with us to the same heavenly home, and, therefore, with ail our hearts, we can say, the Lord bless you and keep you. The Lord make his face to shine upon you and be gracious unto you. The Lord lift up his coun tenance up on you ’and give you peace. We heard of your growth, of your steady advance - ment in strength and the increase of your fidelity to Christ and the interest connected, with His glory, and especially of tne recent copiou3 outpourings of the Hoiy Spirit upon your churches, and as we have heard of these things we have been ready to say with joy and gratitude, the Lord hath done great things for thee, whereof we are glad. May be continue to revive and strengthen, enlarge and bleßs you, and make you blessed still, Is the earnest prayer of our hearts. I am glad to be able to say that during the past year the Lord has not left us without some token of his favor. Many of our con gregatians, schools, academies and colleges have boen blessed with his holy spirit, which has been shed down upon us like the rain up on the new-mown grass, and as the showers that water the earth, and the result has been that hundreds of our dear youth and young men, who were a little while ago dead in treas passes and in sin, are now alive unto God, and engaged in his service. It is the Lord’s doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes, but as you have been similarly blessed, and perhaps more largely blessed in this regard than we have been, we may well exclaim as we stand before you. “Ob, mag nify the Lord with us, and let U3 exalt his name together.” It has been a great pleasure for ns to meet yon as a brethren in this city, and to mingle with you in conference and prayer, and to mingle with you at the sacramental table as we sat last Wednesday evening—an evening never to be forgotten—when tbe two Assem blies filled this house and partook together of the symbols of our Redeemer’s death. Doubt less we all felt that it was good to be here, and that our little religious differences and distinctions were all swallowed up and lost in that greatest and best disiinction that one is our Master, even Christ, and we all arß breth ren. Yes we are brethren ;we have one Lord, one fath, one baptism, one God and Father ol all. Who is above all, through all, and in us all, and why then should we not bear one another’s burdens, and so fulfil the will of Christ. It has been said of late on the subject of be coming an orgmffc body, that why should we not share each other’s woes, and shed a sympa thyizing tear ? Why may we not become one organic body at no very distant day ? We are both thoroughly Presbyterians in doctrine, government and decipline, our lorms of wor ship are the same. The means, methods and agencies by which we seek to promote the cause of our Redeemer, and advance his kingdom in the world, are now substantially the same. Al-. though since we became two bands, vto have been called by two names, you being design nated as New School, and we as Oid School, yet it is manifest enough that we have both been educated in tho same school—the school where the Westminster Confession of Faith and larger and shorter catechism were the prominent and venerated text books, and teach-, ings of which we adhere to now, and which sets forth most clearly and ably what we are tn ViPliAvp onr\r'i>minrr - - ! quirts ot as. Moreover, roaeot swats have j brought u u hue closet illiaur e and fellowship than we have eve: felt lief.ire. in the years of our country’s peril we h< ve rallied together around that dear old flag, and when tne conflict was going on, have sung : #’• tyv tun* tiMpntKu -06/ ti**; la-*a ol the 38 the home of the brave. ’ , (Applause.) And when a, iCr rebel flag ••vent down, aud with »t sis very, -.n then we tiffed <«jr han-jE..- • !i**ww together unto God arta pa\! ijf'-iow'imo u? oh Lord, bat unto ■*■—J —-fit* gi-Lie lor Thy mercy, Thy right hand aud Thy holy arm hath gotten us this victory.” These are recent events and they have brought us into the bonds of a near and a hearj-lelt fellowship. We know not how you may feel upon this subject, but as for our selves we feel that the time perhaps has now come when some practical steps should be taken, looking to tbo securing oi an organic jratty. The Goneral Assembly which I represent, on yesterday, by au almost unanimous vote, adopted the following resolutions, which, with your permission, I will read and then will leave them upon your table with you, as I am directed to do : 1. This Assembly expresses its fraternal af fection for the other branch of the Presbyte rian Church, aud its earnest desire for reunion at the earliest time consistent with agreement in doctrine, order and policy on the basis of a common standard, and the prevalence of mu tual confidence and love, which are so necessa ry to a happy union, a*d to the permanent peace and prosperity ot the united Church. 2. That it be recommended to all Churches and Church Courts, and to all ministeis, ruling elders and communicants to cherish fraternal feelings, to cultivate Christian intercourse in the worship of God, and in the promotion of tho cause of Christ, aud to avoid all need less controversies and contentions. 3. That a committee of nine (9) ministers and six (G) ruling elders be appointed, pro vided that a similar committee be appointed by the other Assembly now iu session in tbs city, for the purpose of conferring in regard to the desirableness and practicability r, re union; and if, after conference and inquiry, sueh decision shall seem to ba desirr.blo and practicable, to suggest suitable meaiur’s for its accomplishment and report to the next General Assembly. The reading of the above resolutions was greeted with upptause, after which Rev. Dr Gurley said : And now, sir. having expressed to you our whole mind on this subject, as well ts our feelings and fraternal affection towards you of the Church which I represent, it only remains this morning for me to thauk you for your courtesy, and to ask, if you please, that you witl-exteud the same courtesy to my asso ciate. Judge Ciarke, who is here present. * • e • * i*. ~ Mr. Moderator—My Dear Brothers, Dr. Gur ley jmijse Ola-.ke ; It is witn very great pleasure and unaffected feeling that I now at tempt to reply to the salutation and address which you bare brought us on the part of these brethren of the other Assembly. I count it one of the happiest moments of my life that I have been tha organ iu the Providence of God to receive such suggestions as you have made to the Assembly and the churches which the membersof the Assembly represent. You witl permit me to say that we regard it as an especial happiness to listen to the addresses which have just been made bvyourselt and Dr. Gurley,, who has become so conspicuous, and who has become so well kuown to us in con nection also with the closing hours of our dearly beloved President. You have been made commissioners on the part of the other Assembly to bring us these suggestions to which we have listened. Ail that you have said, dear brethren, in regard to our existence and in respect to our doctrine, or-do, and the desirableness of a closer union between these two bodies, finds a ready response, as you have already received, in the hearts of this Assem bly. We know that it is true, as you yourselves have been pleased to acknowledge, that this body is Presbyterian, and thoroughly so-all its churches, in respect both to its doctrines ana its orders. answer for a very large number thcZ rwLT . ar , e so numerously in fhii ' Veßtern Kew York. I knew that these churches love the doctrines and the ?hat C th°eV he Pre6byterUQ Churcb - and I know regard m .h™ scrupulous in regard to the observation of aii its precepts the 6pirit oi Gcd - cailed forth greater purity on the part of Christ s people and his disciples, of whatever name, has been such that we were called to meet these kind advances which you have been pleased to make, and meet them in a kind'y way, and not to throw out any obstacles on our part to preveq£ a union. A union ol this kin i wcuid r-joice ohristuna anywhere. Ihe B J eraior then referred to the progress that had been made by ffie c.U'cbee across the Atlantic. «• detailed by Dr. McC-ah a few days ago. In conclusion, he would say that it was tne ten dency of tbe times and tbe mandate of God that che chtyches should be brought nearer to each other. The New School Church had worked with the Congregationa’ust and other Churches in a revival, and he thought it would be a shame if churches that believed in justifi cation by faith and in the* atoning -dAVific alone—churches which were of one family an by one household, though separated for a few years—it would be strange if they could no’ and should not work together. *Ha had re garded it as a foregone conclusion that thes two branches of the Christian Church would b united, but as a Church t\jy had not h.s. for the happiness of seeing that consummatior which was so much to be desired, brought s« near as it appeared to ba at the present time As an Assembly they accepted most heard !y and with the most hearty satisfaction th eentiment expressed in regard to jhe substan tial unity which existed Ijfctwoen tbe tw> bodies and the desire for a closer crgan’C on ty. There might be difficulties in tne wav ofa> raying the details of such a unity, but -v. should not be discouraged if there should D some who were not in sympathy with thi object. We should be prepared to extend in dulgence in such cases We should not thin! it hard if there were seme among our owl brethren who were not prepared for this puri fication. There might also be seme found ic the Old School branch of the Presbyteriar Church who were not yet prepared for a unior of the Churches, but let" us have indulgence to wards those brethren, and go on in Christ oi our leader, and, by the spirit of God, brinj our Churches together in the closest po-’siMi actual unitv, and in the closest possible organ ic unity, which is essential, as soon as it cai be done. Ba pleased, dear brethren, to beat back t< the Old School Assembly the respect and thi sentiments which you perceive on the coua'e- and 4# the actions of these brethren o the Aasenf&ly, and that affection, coniidenci and friendship, and our earnest desire for tin closest possible reunion at the earliest possi ble day? (Applause.) Rev. H. B. Smith, D. D., Chairman of tie Committee on Cnurch Piety, made the foilov ing report in relation to overtures. No. 5 to D5, on the subject of reunion of the two branch* of the Presbyterian Churches : The overtures are from New York Stae, three; New York city, four; Dubuque, Green castle, Athens, Steuben. Alton, Monroe, Keoj kuk, Long Island and Trumbull. All ttn.3* Presbyteries, with different degrees of urgency) recommend to this Assembly to initiate or t| respond to proposals looking lo an entire re union of the churches represented by the t'O General Assemblies now in session in the city of St. Louis. The General Assembly now in session fa the Second Presbyterian Uhureh of this cif" have also adopted resolutions appointing h committee to confer with a similar cotnati’-ie of our own Church in regard to the desirotlF ness and practicability of such a reunion. Your committee recommend to this A°Bei bly the adoption of the following rejec tions : ' Resolved, That this Assembly tends] to the Assembly representing; the other brach of the Presbyterian Church its cordial Cite tiaa salutation and fellowship and aa exp;s sion of its earnest wish for a reunion on basis of our common standards ieceiypd a common spirit. Resolved, That a committee of fifteen, %’ne of whom shall be Ministers of the Gospel .ud six elders, be appointed to confer on the ab ject in the recess of the Assembly with a cm mittee to be appointed by tbe other Getr il Assembly, and to report theresut at our iext General Assembly. Resolved, That we enjoin upm the c>m mittee, upon all our Ministers and Chirch members, to abstaiu from whatever may fin der a truo Christian fellowshij; that we cherish and cultivate this feeling .ud purpiae, which looks to the peace and prosierity of lion and the edification of the body o Christ aid a complete union of all bolieveis, especially of those living in the same laid, having the same history and the same standards of doc trine and policy. Resolved, That a copy of hese resolutions, whh the names of our commitee, be sea, to the other Ganeral Assembly,now in session in this city. ■ mo.is.y fydoptetl am.fi apUac-O i-.-.l C - -;b‘a- A Sunday school for irefe i. “aud'.'“ be:’., J organized iu Lome, G»,, uudt* the aujpwea of tne first ladies of that town, j The revival meetiui;. at ” • ou- It'nnwl through the week, -•.ve ftavo i tSPbedn^os%. R ajP.*:^ t . jitfe,. I verted, i There is no sin we can be fc -i * :a ■ nit Out we shall find a greater ?•:; m | resisting than in Committing.'—[&.,■ The Illinois Association o Cos : . now in annual session at Ottawa {■■ ■ aiutoiinoitgty *. f.jpoit against sec o iriee. Rev. J. P. B. Wilmer, of Maryland, lately elected Bishop of Louisiana, in place of the la mented General Polk, is a brother of tie Bish op of Alabama, and is well qualified'for the j high position to which he has oeen exalted. 1 The Rev. Edwin Geer, of St. Peter’sChnrch, Washington, N. C,, is at present in Net York, soliciting contributions ty,aid in the robtiilding of that edifice, which was burned during the war. The thirty-eighth annual convention if the Protestant Episcopal Church, in theDioce* of Kentucky, convened in St. John’s Church on Jefferson street, between Eleventh and Twelfth, on Wednesday, the 30th. Rev. Charles C. Pise, the well-known pet or of the Church of St. Charles Borromecj in Brooklyn, died on Saturday of last week.* Dr, Pise was one of the most learned and giftel of the Roman Catholic clergy in that region jtle is also well known in literature as the ayjior of “ A History of the Church,” and a nuoler of poems of merit. The Catholic Church is said to be flourish ing ia Kansas, and especially in Leavenworth, the seat of the Bishop, there are about 1,000 Catholics in the city - about one- third,’o! tie inhabitants—and anew Cathedral is in process of erection, «hich wiil cost from $140,000 to $150,000 1 i Fmoral services over the bodies of two ®i dies who died in the prison at Anderscavile, vere held in the Universalbt Church ia Malden’ Mass., on Sunday, 20th. The Baptist minuter was invited to take part iu the service, but re fused to go into the Uaiveisa! t t.'i r > do so. Among the latest announceme ta Y C . publishers is a sort of Spurgeon J lv>ck,’ th the title : “Anecdotes and Btor> <; of i C. H. Spurgeon, now first collected a lane gtn •’ The Loudon Review says of it “T 1 i-t uot take to itself the credit ul be t.' ha earliest clerical budget ot wit. "•. a , ‘Sterne’s Convivial Jester, or Sort.’” - A writer in the New Orleans Christian cate says that, so far as he has asce. tY ": ,1 . ■ tweea one thousand and twelve huurea church houses were burned during . ivar. These churches, he thinks, had cT , . jpje not less than five millions of do ;ais.‘ i.i the loss the Methodists were the greatest the Baptielo next, then the Present Catholics least. " ! The growth of the Roman Catb-dic -> h in Missouri is very rapid. The St. Louis Peion notices the laying of the corner stone o ta new Church of St. Francis Borgi ington, Franklin county, by the vrchUisFo-i attended by Rev. Father Seisl, S. ; . and ott r; priests. It also says: “Plans have 'u t -,ee: executed and the foundations laid fc >• » churches, oae at La Grange, andth Canton, ia Lewis county. The Rev. j. f. Gleeson is the pastor of both districts. A mission was receutly given ia Nashville, Team, by the Jesuit Fathers Revs. Smarms, F. Baudriax and 1 Van Gachy. The church was open constantly, from four in the morning to near midnight every day for eleven days” and instructions were given thrice on the mornings, once in the afternoon, 3nd a «Con troversial lecture delivered every night, ween the church was crowded to overflowing. At the close of the mission, about one hundred and fifty adults received the sacrament of con firmation and of tho Holy Eucharist, many of whom were converts. A maa by the name of William Carter has been for some years doing a wonderful work in London and vicinity. He is a “mister chim ney-sweeper, a short thick sat, pleasant man, with small twinkling eyes, that seem to preach happiness, and a high forehead, indicative of abilities of ?no ordinary cast.” He leased the V ictoria theatre in London, where, for twelve mouths, he has preached to a congregation . of 3,000. He has now leased also Victoria Hall, in the immediate vicinity. By the help of >^ e , baa illitiated and associated niKrL h t ’ he has sometimes nine preaching LoaZn Pea °“ the Sabbath ic varij - parrs of ii^ e f ° llowiD g are the preamble and regain sls* 1 br ■““••'“"p- Vy n«ra»«, the conditions which rendered neo n -ary the separate orsanizationofthe southern Dioceses no longer exists, and 'hat orgaaiz itirn has ceased by oou-eat and notion of tiio Dio ceses, concerned: and whereas the Diocese of Virginia, unchanged as are her princ ples, deems it most proper, under existing circum stances, to resume her interrupted relations to the Protestant Episcopal Church in- the United otates; therefore, Resolved, That the Diocese do accordingly now resume Us connections with the General Convocation of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States, and that the Bishop be requested to send a copy of the preamble and resolutions to the Presiding Bishop, and one to the Secretary of the House ot Clerical and Lay Delegates. The following resolution was also adopted: Resolved. That whenever tne colored mem bers of the Church in any parish desire to form anew and separate congregation, such action shall have the sanction of this Diocese. They may elect their own vestry, wardens and min isters. They shall be considered as under the care of this council, and their interests as rep resented in it by the standing committee on colored congregations. The Council meets in Staunton in May, 1807. The Monument of God.— Would you illus irate the Divine patienoe? His steady adhe ipcce to 6ome one great plan? You cannot do it anywhere so well as He hath done it in this great world-work. During all those ages whose length impresses one like eternity itself, H« had the one final idea in view, and the laws that now work, wrought regularly and inva riably then to bring about His purposes. He hurried not. Eternity was his. A thousand years to him were as a day, and one day as a thousand years. “God worketh slowly, and a thousand years He takes to lay His hand3 off! Layer on layer He made Earth—formed !t and fashioned it Into the great, bright, useful thing it is. a • m a o Veined it with gold and dusted it with gems v Lined it with fire, and round its heart fire bowed Hock-ribs unbreakable; until at last Earth took her shining station as a star Iu heaven’s dark hall, high up the crowd of worlds.’’ [republished by request.] SOITH AfIFKIC*. Its Soil, Climate and Resources. Difficulties In Transportation. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ASPECTS, AC. At the instance of the Southern Colonization Society, Messrs, Robert Meriwether and H. A. Shaw of Edgefield District S. C., have recently made a tour through a portion of Brazil for the purpose of deriving reliable information in ref erence to its adaptation to Southerners who de sire to emigrate. Their report is published in the Edgefield Advertiser, and is very lengthy, filling four columns of that paper The following extraets embrace the material points of the report. It will bo seen that the portions of country deemed most desirable to Southern settlers, are at present so deficient in good roads as to make it quite difficult to reach them, and to deprive setters of any convenient outlet to market. Time and enterprise may overcome »|ese obstacles, but they should be duly con dered by those who contemplate emigration. We left Augasta, Georgia, about the 18th of October, 1865, on the R. R. via Washington City, where we procured passports, and proceed ed to New York. Securing passage on the North America, one of the Brazil and United States line of Steamers to Rio DeJaneiro, we left New York on the 30th of October and ar rived at Rio on the 26th of November. At Rio we met several gentlemen from the South, who had been in Brazil several months, on the same miss.ion that carried us thither. Amongst them we formed the acquaintance of Dr. Gaston, of Columbia, S. C., who had made rather an ex tensive tour in the interior of the province of St. Paulo. He introduced us to his Excellency, Paulo Susa, Minister of Agriculture, to whom we explained the objects of our visit, and pre sended our credentials. The Minister offered us every facility desired in the prosecution of our investigations, furnishing transportation, a | guide, an interpreter, and in most cases, food i !>• ’. f bn out 'by age out we stopped at J’ernam bu;-. . .• s£ we -aiiabed oursvlv* - !h i. :!: ; Miniate word ! not suit the people of ou s Stale i r erlihiing heat must enervate the system and i Iresk '.he constitution of jdhii. In this province* . > •; yrown tfc* bps* quality of tpbno i '-of Extracts from an English papci o>w : : ■ ! t.v. !, -J O ih. I‘orur Ui-Xiou cotton a; ir .-on 1 to, I -d li'ruer than any 'ihor in th- great -ttfon - art «; the world Sugar and tubacr* Skc . j giosvn here in great perfection V, go, ,«d i aisA at Bah ;. tw< or three hundred mill’ >utu 1 Pernambuco, where a l ,- cotton, sugar, tobsc j cc. a«. ’ ..11 the Tropical fruit* arc grown in groat' j perfection. je* mle, us “ Pernambuco, .m Equatorial, anu liable b -- j-' ..... After full and complete inqifiry and investi gation, the Province of St. Paulo, lying be* tween 22 and 25 degrees South Latitude, ap peared to us, the most suitable for our people, on account of health, climate and productions, being by its whole length and breadth, just within the frost line, except higher table lands, which are free from frost the year round. With the purpose of exploring this Province thorough ly, we left Rio and went by steamer to Santos, its seaport town. The country, lying between the mountains and seacoast, had no large bodies of farming lands, and we directed our attention to the in terior, beyond the mountains which, bound the coast. Therefore, we took the cars over the St. Paulo and Santo* Railroad. This railroad is not yet completed, but the cars pass over it to about twenty miles beyond the city of St. Paulo, the|j capital of the province of the same name,and itis graded to Jundiee, forty miles from the capital. Its whole completed length is eighty or ninety miles, connecting the interior of the province with the seaboard, at Santos. This port, wc omitted to mention, has a very capacious harbor, an outlet for ships of the largest class, and by the first of June, it is thought, its railroad will be finished. A survey has been made to continue it about one huns dred miles farther to Rio Clara. At St. Paulo we were provided with animals to prosecute our journey over a country almost without’roads, for the entire transportation in the interior is done on hacks, except that now and th-n a bullock cart is seen hauling at short dis tf 'B> over roads which our wagons certainly c. not pass. These carts are of the most i tive character, the wheels and axles are i ened together, and all turn together iu movs mg. e commenced our tour on the 18th of De ; cercber, 1865, going to Itapetaningna, the near- I 1 a ss over the mountains to oar destination, ; r-on arriving there. learned the utter imprac ■ ‘d a! iiity of crossing. It was therefore plain, f laa ‘ w e either had to abandon this part of the 1 . )r the other, and here we agreed with Dr. ■ > on, that he should go over the mountains I a J examine the lands in that direction, whilst |we turned in the other. His report is appended ; 1 'his. 'Ve turned our course in the direction of ucstu and Lcncoes. Here we found the . < s were owned by private parties. From St. i • lo to this place, by the direct route, is about hundred and fifty miles. The present ter us of the railroad is fifteen or twenty miles irer. The road, if road it may be called, •ding to it, passes over a tract of country, ex -1 c 'jii for some twenty or forty miles, called here npo,” without trees or other growth upon it ■j i grass and a few small bushes. The peo here contend that if ploughed, they would produce well, but no one has tried it. As inti mated above, there are some superior farming lands on this route, and we saw cotton that would make one thousand pounds per acre, or more, and corn tkat would yield twenty-five or more busnels per acre, all cultivated with the hoe. We saw cotton in all stages of growth; some just planted, and some up five or six inches—some in full bloom, and some planted the year previous, with bolls open. We also saw cotton gins at work, driven by steam, by water and by hand. All the cotton here is of good quality. But in the midst of this extensive campo or plain, or if you please—barren waste, suddenly rises up a mountain or succession oi moun tains. about fifty or s'xty miles long, by fen or twelve mile3 wide, evidently of a peculiar vol canic formation. A6 this mountain district was the most interesting visited, we examined it wilh the greatest care, and satisfied ourselves that it contained the richest lands we had ever seen. This immense and inconceivably fertile tract is owned, and, to some extent, cultivated by small farmers. Ask a man “ how much land do you own.?” and his usual reply is "Ido not know exactly, but it is four, six, or ten miles long, and from tour to six miles broad.” The lands of Brazil, except in rare instances, have not been surveyed, and no one with whom we have conversed on this subject, knows how much land he owes. All guess. We saw corn growing on these lands, which would yield more than fiity bushels per acre. The timber is cut down, allowed to lie aud dry for two months, commonly, and then set on fire. All the timber not consumed by the fire re mains just as the fire left it, till it roht. Then usually with a stick, sharpened at the end — sometimes with a hoe—a hole is] mule in the ground, the seed from five to ten grains, put into this hole and covered with the foot, and th.- 1= au the cultivation the crops receive. Cora, cotton, rice, sugar cane, tobacoo, and all the tropical fruits grow here in great profu sion V e saw peaches aud grapes also of good quality. The most of these lands are exempt tcom frost—the hea’th of this region is said to be unexceptionable—the water of the purest lreestone, and the water power equal to any in the world. Stock of all kinds, hogs and cattle especially, are superior. Tne usual depth of soil is supposed to ba thirteen feet, but it is known to bo twenty or more in some places If this tract of country had convenient and easy communication with the trade of the world, if there might be any to equal, there could certainly be none to surpass it. Its pre sent outlet, is by the railroad, one hundred aud twenty five miles to it? terminus, and from eighty to one hundred by it toSantos. Another outlet may be opened lor it across the Big Sarra alluded to above, lu that direction, it is from eighty to one hundred miles to steamboat navi gation. These lands can be purchased at from one to two dollars per acre, and some tracts or parcels with conskl?<ablejj!mprovementß. If a large n'lcaber of famTles from the States should settle thyre, we have been assured offi cially that good foads wiil be opened up imme diately ; and it is practicable to connect this district by railroad with the St. Paulo Railroad, or by railroad over the Big Sierra to the head of navigation. Running parallel with this mountain range is the river Tiete, and for about twenty miles distant, on either side of which, are lands of the best quality, producing every desciiption of crops, except, coffee, in the greatest perfec tion and abundance. There were some fields of as good, if not better cotton than we ever saw beforehand without doubt the best “cul tivated gras?,” whole fields of which were from five to seven feet high, and eaten by the animals with The greatest avidity. Thero too, we found corn good enough for any country. Fifty busheis per acre is a small estimate for it. Our inlormation is, that for more tlmn one hundred miles down this valley, the same quality of laud continues. It belongs to pri vato individuals, and can be bought at from fifty to seventy-five cents per acre. It is pro per (o mention here, that the, Territory forty or fifty miles South of the mountain range above referred to is in the hands of the In dians. The lands in this valley we believe to be as good for cotton as any in the United States. Tbe ordinary estimate of this crop is from two to three thousands pounds, with but little cultivation. The character of the soil is what is usually called with us "Mulatto,” and its depth trom eight inohes to five feet. But a great objection to this exceedingly fertile val ley is, its liability to chil Is, which are some times malignant. file mountains, though raising to a consid erable height, have usually several long slopes almost level in ascending them, and the larger portion of them ia level enough for cultivation. This land is nearly all “terra roccha,’’ of the fust quality. The woods are apparently one immense canebrake, though the cane is much larger than that grown in the States, and called here “bamboo.’’ Timber is abundant ; including furniture wood of the finest grain, acd Shat most suitablo and required for ship building. We have been particular in tbe description of these lands, for if a number ot our people go to Btazi!, the Districts of Botucatn and Ler.coes aud the adjoining lands of the Tiete river, constitute the section we advise them to examine. In our opinion, a spiendid future awaits this portion of the provinoe. We saw o 1 he: good lands, but they could non be purchased for less than twenty-five, silty and a hundred dollars per acre, since they wero planted in coffee. At Arraquaria, about two hundred miles from St. Paulo, a tract of couulry—a Facienda as it Is called there.—is offered for sale, by Dr. Gavias, ot St Paulo, containing from one hundred and forty to two hundred and eighty thousand acies of land for one hundred aud twenty-five thousand dollars, on a credit pt ten or fifteen years if desired. Wo examined this, and suppose that from fifteen to twenty five thousand acres cf it are of good quality, including some coffee lands, and would produce corn, sugar, &c., to perfec ap. ff n cf it ir "empo. but the j if carapo wt have seen in the pro- f ,-ioce. 1. otbfe’ is woodland, and will pro-; and J cotfon very well. The fifteen , to twsi ’ Aisaud acres of good land alluded : id ab-iv ’ teriH roccha” as the BracUiane J cl: ,-]» -acd Os ic'Xp esiibio • . ■»-. er'ji i.iuwarcU oft»- > I'D" , dr<oi v> , N’tle tee ' menufW in tale i ?„ ■ >■ - .1 •* dwelling house. so>u« | isu' Ti and on- bundled acres of oulti- j vd- , l.Oid mpris" ■ improvements on tho ] ” i (• aio a map of thl« great) dooi.o;, ar.-. rill to <sh it to any one who do- . si . Mi' lii lhe inlormation we have in re- | vantages. .mm wl. , u lie tOu low r coffee, are very little estimated by the Brazilians, and in. the Disti : ct of Canipens, within twenty or thirty miles ol the R R , arc some Vw*y fine farms, of this description, with good improvements, which can be purchased for from IWD to fiv3 dollars par acre. Much of these lands are “terra rocha,’’and all of them will produce corn, eugar cane, and cotton, admirably Two gentlemen from the States, one from Alabama and tho other trom Louisiana, have already purchased and settled there. Dr. Gaston reports that after overcoming the difficulty of passing the mountains, and the dangers and fatigues incident thereto, ho pushed his investigations in the direction of Iguape and Cannanea, and founl large bodies of public lands, which although not bo rich as the “terra rocha” of the interior, yet produ cing large crops of corn, sugar cane, rice, to bacco, and, in places, coffee. The few days he remained there, the weather was pleasant, and the transportation easy and cheap, costing 'ess than one-half of the price from the interior. He thinks it healthy, except on the water courses, vnd the price of the lands is only twenty-two cants per acre, on a credit of five years without interest. Several families from Alabama and Texas have already settled there. We hope this section may be as desirable as the Doctor imagines, for it is immediately on one of tbo routes to a seapart, from the ex ceedingly fertile district? described above, and tho improvements of its teiritory, will assist in the settlement of the other. The river Iguape is navigable for steamboats as far up as Xire rica, distant from the District we have chosen, about one hundred miles, but unlike the Tiete, its nav.gation is uninterrupted by falls and shoals. Wa deem it our duty to state that the price of negroes has decreased one-half during our stay in the Empire, It is said that the outside sentiment is the cause. At any rate all classes agree, that the day is not distant when emanci pation must come. We have heard of some gangs of negroes, including men, women and children, being offered by the year for fifty dollars each, though the usual price is from sixty to a hundred and twenty, tor planta tion hands, the hirer pays all expenses. The law requires the purchasers of lands to pav six per cent, cash, one time, on their prime cost, as a tax to the Government. With this exception, the farmer, we believe, never pays any tax during life. We will also mention it is thought by well informed persona, that this small burden will soon be removed from all immigrants. The health of the table lands of the Prov ince is represented by the native and foreigner as very good, with the exception of the flats and low grounds near the larger rivers, which are subject to chills and intermittent fevers. A few specific diseases, as Goitre and Leprosy, are seen. Gases of the latter appear but sel dom, though a considerable number of the former are observed among the poorer classes. It is thought generally to be produced by poor diet, damp houses, &c. The temperature also throughout the table lands, notwithstanding we were there during the summer months, va ries from 56 to 86 degrees in the shade. Da ring the winter, it varies generally, we under, stand, irom 40 to 65 degrees, though some times it comes down to the freezing point, pro ducing ice. In Santos, the Eeaport of this Province, about forty-five miles from the table lands, and about three thousand feet lower, the mer cury varied during the years 1863 and ’64 from 67.1 to 83.2, viz: January 83.3, February 82, March 79, April 77.3, May 69.8, June 69, July 67.1, August 67 5, September 70 3, Octo ber 71.6, November 74 6, December 78 2. The principle objections to the country are, the language, Portuguese, the mixed clais of its population, and the want of proper facili ties for education and transportation, though it appears from all the facts we could gather, that there is a steady improvement in the two latter objections. The cost of clearing forest lands according to the custom of the country, is from $1.50 to $2 00 per acre. Horses, domesticated, can be bought for from S2O to S4O; unbroken, from sls to S3O; mares, from $5 to $10; Jacks from SSO to $100; pack mules, from $25 to S3O; riding mules, from S4O to $80; unbroken in lots, from sl2 to sls; fat bogs weighing two hundred pounds each, from $5 to $8; breeders and pigs, in proportion; sheep, from $1 50 to $3 00, inferior and scarce; goats, from $1 to $2: milch riows, in luis, trom sßto $10; single, Sl2 to sls; oxen, fat, from sl2 to S2O; work oxen, from S3O to $10; corn usually trom 50 to 75 cents, though, during this summer, there has been a great scarcity, caused by a drought, during last season, said to be the first for near ly twenty years. We paid from 75 eents to S3 per bushel; rice trom $2 to S3; coffee from 7 to 10 cents per pound; leather from S3 to S5 per side; sugar from 6 to 8 cents; rum from 25 to 30 cents per gallon; banannaa, limes and lemons from J to J cent each; oranges from J to I cent each, anu- pine-apples abundant, ana in season from 1 to 2 cents each. In the larger towns most of these products, particularly fruit, are much higher. The religion of the State is Catholic, though all others are tolerated, still no Protestant is allowed to build a steeple or place a Cross .oa his Church; Should ever the people be dis posed to immigrate to Brazil, ic is ot the ut most importance that there should be a con cert of action among them. If they contem plate going in any considerable numbers, pre liminary arrangements should be made for shelter ard subsistence, and all of them should settle withiu a reasonable distance of one an other. A few families, or a few dcztu familJJ ies can find ample subsistance and shelter iu most of the settlements visited by us, but if more than these propose lo settle far in the interior, at the same time, we would advise them in order to avoid disappointment and distress, to make ample preparation before doiDg so. Notwithstanding we utter these words of caution, vha citezecs assure us that they will hive plenty to subsist a very l»rge number gos emigrants, , and in some cases have offered, with that generosity peculiar to the first class of Brazilians, to divide half their subsistance with us, without compensation. This offer includes corn, sugar, rice, &c. Flour cannot be had ia tbe interior, as there is no wheat grown in St. Paulo, though we under stand, that atone time wheat was one of the principle articles of export from this Province. We believe from the character of tbe best lands, that it could be grown with perfect success. The government allows all Immigrants to Introduce, WTHhoir own use, free of articles of prime necessity, such as tools oi all kinds, wagons, gear, machinery, furniture, &e Thte should not be forgotten by the emigrant, forjin the interior, you will find only the hoe, axe, hill-hook and bullock cart, and they, ex cept the hoe, of the rudest manufacture. Ploughs can be bad only in the larger towns, ana none have been seen by us that are suita ble for the ordinary cultivation of the products of the country. Seed of every variety, especially for the gar den, shouid be carried in bottles, securely corked. Clothing, shoes, hats, dry goods, &c, can be bought cheaper in Brazil than in the United State#; Heavy thoes for plantation use, however, are scarce in this market. They should be taken from tho States, and also pi ugh-geur of all descriptions as well as cooking utensils. Perhaps it would be advis able for each family to provide themselves with a suitable cooking stove, as they will find no chimneys in the interior; bvick scarce and ex pensive, and stone not very abundant in the vicinity of the best landb. Transportation from Now York to Rio De Ja neiro, by ths mail steamer, has been reduced to S2OO in gold, second class SIOO, children at tho breast without cost; from twelve to four teen, half price; under twelve, one third. All emigrants to Brazil are allowed a discount on this line of 30 per cent; the first class paying $l4O, and tho s-cond class S7O. But we can not tell if a similar deduction is allowed the children. The steamers on this lino make the trip in twenty six days, having to touch at several places in the discharge of their duties. Passage can be had on o good sail vessel at most of the ports of the United States at from $76 to SIOO for the first class, and for the second class at much less, perhaps one half, the time being from forty to sixty days. From Rio to Santos, the principal seaport cf St. Paulo, it would cost about S2O, though we see that the Government has geueioußiy assumed that burthen itself, aud from thence to the interior, you can pass over a railroad for about ninety miles. The vast domain of Brazil contains the most fertile soil in the universe and more cheap lands to allure the emigrant than any other nation under tue sun. For the supply of the millions that will soon bo flocking to her shores, she abounds in the precious metals and costiy gems, and in the most valuable products known io commerce. “The cattlo upon a thousand hills” are hers,-and may b3 yours, .md ouch ;-aitie as men nevee iciioltl in other clime. The earth ylv’d- 'most spbnf neoualy the grain, fruit and ■ getabies that most Jeiight the palate and sty (lie ot men. To gratify the iporirfi.c-.n, the wood'! are full of game, ot deer, of Aid heg*, »nd i artridges ami <; ails, >,u't*pf tim roost and ; ... ■ biitij of every hue and ’Ttivery whilst her innumerable river aud watercourses j teem with fine to the greatest variety and finest tUvor. Her water power in a...'.Gent to drive alt tbe m&ohinery in the worl 1, aud nor natural and material resources ai e equal to the support of tho population of China Beiow Rio, the seasons are precisely oppcu ed to ours, their spring or planting season, be ginning with the beginning of our fall, and their summer beginning with our first, and ending with our last winter month. But that nothing may be wanting tor the encourage ment of the agriculturist, in this happy region, unlike most of the other portions of the habita ble globs, tbe summer is its wet, and the win ter is its dry season, and its good lands never wash away. We traversed one province lor over a thou sand miles, taking six months from our de parture hence, to make our explorations, and during the whole of that period, we discovered no ravenous beaßts worth naming, and only three or four serpeats of diminutive size, and no more to be feared thau those seen every day in your fields and forests. The insects that prey upon the crops, including the red ant, are not so destructive as those which infest our richest lands, and there is no rust or sufficient frosts to check or obstruct the growth of their beautiful cotton. Moreover, since the memory of man, there has been no earthquake there, no subterranean lire, no volcanic eruptions to appal the heartH or to disturb the serenity of its inhabitants, and its men and women live to a riper old age than even in this once favored country. Though there are a few legal and religious or canonical impedimenta to the ioreigner or emigrant, puch as that ho may not reach one or two of the highest offices in the State, and may not, if a Protestant, erect a cross upoa his Church, yet the whole spirit of Brazil is op posed to such hindrances, and a mighty and united effort is now being made, with the most certain prospects of success, to piace the nat uralized citizen and the native Brazilian on an exact equality, in all rights, in all privileges, and in all honors that the Government can be stow. The constitution of the Empire is modeled after the British, abating some of the most objectionable features, such as the rights of primogeniture, and a hereditary nobility, and the working of the Government is harmouious, steady, just and powerful. The Emperor is a wise and magnanimous Ruler, sprung from an intellectual and illustrious race, and ready at all times to condescend to any man or thing, compatible with the dignity of his crown, for the advancement of thß interests and the glory of his country. The foreigner on entering his dominions finds no prejudices to combat, to antipathies to avoid, but a liberal Minister ready to welcome, and a population to greet "him, and a Sovereign to offer him the powerful protection of hia government. A large society for the promotion of emigra tion, has been organized,and eome of the ablest and most honored personages in the country appointed its directors. Its special objects are to aid and take care of the foreigner on his landing, to protect him from want aa well as from the frauds of the designing, and to vindi cate his rights and privileges before the Gov ernment and the councils of tho nation. The Government has also established a Hotel for the shelter and accommodation of the same class cf individuals. Corps of engiueers and surveyors have been appointed to open roads and survey lands, and there ia a spontaneous movement of the whole Empire to open wide its arras for the men of enteipiise ami labor of all nations who have a mind to seek the grand est theatre for the exercise of their energies and the display of their genius ever presented on the face of the green earth. Your obedient servants. Robert Meriwether, H. A. Shaw. The Shreveport (L».) Southwestern an nounces that a telegraphic cable was recently successfully laid across the river at that place. A man has been arrested in Indianapolis for snatching a woman’s bonnet off her head, and throwing it into the canal. Thou cruel man 1 The commission of General Sickles as minis ter to the Hague was sent to him on the 26ih. He has not as yet signified his acceptance or declination of the appointment. It is proposed to build, as near as possible, an air-line railroad from the city of Memphis, Tenn., to the'city of Cairo, Illinois. The President has approved the bill author izing the Secretary of the Treasury to make regulations against the introduction of cholera. A Finished Education. If it be true that “a little learning is a dan gerous thing,” then is our cherished republic exposed to a wuler-sprcad intestine peril that: couid ever be caused t>y the nefarious plottings ot foreign enemies or domestic traitors. No where else is the aggregate popular diffusion c superficial information so great as in America nowhere else, a as 1 is individual condentratioi of knowledge so rare. It ma*, perhaps, be said that if a boy he actu ated by the desire to learn, ample opportinili. are afforded to him in all of our schools acd col leges, and that if he have neither inclioatio nor capacity to profit by their course of tuiiioa the fault is his. To which we reply, in t first place, that ninetysnine out ot every hu dred boys naturally much prefer play to sfin and that, moreover, the exceptional hundred’ ! plodder generally becomes a stupid min ; ar I in the second place, that even were the i» jority of pupils such monsters of precocious p> severance as schoolmasters would have them the routine pursued in most of our academ does cultivate the understanding so much the memory, especially as regards beginne while some branches of exceeding importai • are either not taught at all, or else taught so adequately that they might as well he omil altogether. The blame for this lies first v, the small pedants who write primary text hoc, crammed with technicalities quite incompreh sible to the little learner; next with the .teach who are cither unable or unwilling to imp sufficient knowledge in an intelligible’ marine Imprimis —and Great Britain is nearly much at fault as America in this rgspect i English language is shamefully neglected nearly all educational institutions not only as its more refined elegances, but in its fundamt tal principles. Grammar is subdivided into thography, etymology, syntax, and prosody, ar of these but the first and last are included any extent; etymology being so sluired o' that it is a matter of every-day occurrence to find in the sayings and writings ot the l» . graduates of our best colleges words misused r gross ignorance of their derivative meaning- Now, to say nothing of the essential importam r of thorough conversance with the strict uao ■»’ words to him who in professional or professor pursuits endeavors to transmit to others theor ■ of facts elicited by his research, no qualilicat -a for mere social intercourse is more desirable tl tile ability to express one’s thoughts, be ti ( v ever so commonplace, with . fluency and elj gance; yet we meet, even among the uppern class of our social scale, men who do credit t their tailors oftencr than those who reflect ho i upon their instructors. This may he pa owing to the business exigencies ol our cm mcrciai community, which frequently transp .m a lad whose education is scarcely more than up gun from a desk at school to a desk in . counting-house ; but to a vast number of Di stances this excuse cannot be applied, and w - must refer the error to inefficiency ot collep ~te discipline. We will not insist that an exhutts tive study of all the languages whereon our own is based should be made compulsory on every student, but surely something besides Greek and Latin should tie comprised in an etymologi cal course. Nearly four-fifths of the English words in commonest use are derived lrom the Anglo-Saxon, and yet, so far as our experience goes, it is not even pretended to teach this lat ter in any of our leading colleges. The vicious training of our common schools is sufficiently manifested in the gross misappli cation of words not only by their pupils but, in the majority of cases, by the teacheis also. An ifusurd affectation of elegance has supplanted correctness of diction, and we daily hear the most radiculous verbal perversions. Few of the great middle class are satisfied to “go to bed” at night like intelligible Saxons; no, they must “retire ” —whither or for what purpose is left *to tho imagination. One kindly makes inqurics concerning the health of “your lady,” not thinking that by conferring that title exclusive ly upon your wife he implies an insult to your mother, sisters, and daughters; another, wish ing lo extend gastronomic courtesy, asks if he may “ assist you to a portion ot tho beef ?” Hundreds of other instances might be cited, but our readers’ experience will doubtless spare us the compilation of the burdensome catalogue. Ignorance ot, or laxity in, the appli cation of words, however, is by m> moans con fined to tbe avowedly less educated portion of the community. Even among those who have adopted literature as a profession many gross inaccuracies are perpetrated. To say but Jittlo of the fact that half the weekly publications in America are miscalled “jmirnjfc*' veu the od ‘-oria! ilum.n ol our übj if new-r oers abouc ; In errors o’ grammar, although our lead ing coll eg cn hi. furnished a majority of the writers of the pr*o.~. '• he English >aa£U*k>, then, being : V.ut impertei tly taught in o u r • -hr I ,„u 1. ges- let Uii aor 4 ■— ; *»o .neck .<■ a • here - rod in this con-idemiio:. lee .* rctiei ■ wherein o. own ’r.graduate c 3 ’>cation-ha*, been defective, «.q.’ wb»t ia desirable thru aiy children should kr-ov' !■»> a h whi. ).- th- p satssor of re ;t, ppi- acity may attain much erudition in ifdatiorvlo the Gerund in dn, c Urtvi, article, the ‘uailies’ (whatever those may be) of the Hellenic conic sections, or spherical trigonometry. He may be able to scan with sophomoivcalTCStliness the most tangled lines of Latin pdetry, wrangle in the disputations of hk “socieljii’JUs to whether Horace’s first “asclepiadic. choriambic, tetrameter,” or “dactylic pentameter caialectic,” accentuating, however, in Wilber case tile last member of a flissyHabit which in prose he would pronounce diflerenffv ; he m*y even be enabled to cover some twqPy pages of . foolscap paper with mathematical l 'prcdictions f% a future eclipse ; but, if he be destineand mercantile career, how long must he labor |o acquire the simple technicalities oi book-keep- « ing 1 If he devote himselt to literature, lin ing pecuniarily exempt from the necesSty,<®f toiling for a livelihood, aim at TU his case, how many years must be occ#fiidff by •, a review of his past studies before ijp''Tearn#jto appreciate the genuine merits of writers, or to utilize the knowledge of their{ languages in the investigation of his own 1 Be sides classics and mathematics, it is expected that a “senior” who presents himself for exami-*’ nation should have a smattering of moral, men—, tal, and natural philosophy (how very smatter ing is proven by intercourse with eight out of ten who are graduated) ; but, beyond these, our sciolist has nothing to show for his degree. Os his own conformation and the laws of his ex istence, he is absolutely uninformed, and be- t comes the credulous prey of a dozen ignorant or rapacious quacks in turn ; geology, with the . exception of an inkling of mineralogy, ethnolo gy, the comparative sciences generally* are closed books to him; yet his alma mater crowns him “Artium Baccalaureus,” and sends him forth as with a “finished education !” But if such as we have described be the con dition of masculine education, what language may portray the “outer darkness” of the aver age system for “finishing” young ladies 1 You may see the victims thereof almost every fine day in double-filed procession in the Fiffh Avenue, in Walnut Street, in Beacon Street, in the fashionable thoroughfares of each large city, where ornamental vacuity is considered a desir* able feminine endowment. They are erudite beyond their years in the arcana of the toilette ; they are profoundly versed in the effusions of “sensational” novelists, both French and Eng-, lish ; they are mistresses of the “Redowa” and ‘Deux temps;” but what else? The ordinary ‘rudiments of history and geography are includ ed in their syllabus, though but small results therefrom are displayed ini their conversation. French is admiral ly well taught—so well that English is set aside as of less moment, and the “Parisian accent” enforced at (all seasons, even after “school hours.” Enough Italian lore to insure a tolerable pronunciation of the words of operatic “cariti,” and great digital ambidexterity on the key-board of the piano-forte (wi'h lit tle, if any, knowledge of music), are sedulously cultivated; and, perhaps, a mild regimen of Mrs. Hemans, and an expurgated Byron, stiengthened by a few Shakespearian crumbs, may be added to the “feast of reason but, having said this, we have, for the greater num ber of fashionable girls’ schools, said all. Bad as is our educational course for boys, it still makes some pretense of fitting them for practical life ; but 'with the futurs wives and mothers of succeeding generations no plan is followed which may fit them for the performance of imperative duties—no precept is given them concerning household affairs or the manage, •ment of infants—scarcely anything that can render them attractive in the intercourse of so ciety or in domestic life is implanted ; but they are dismissed “finished,” ornate nonentities, to educate themselves by after reading, or to drag out a frivolous, resourceless existence, degenera ting, after a few years of amusement, into unin teresting uselessness. —Round Table. The Des Moines Valley Railroad will he com pleted to Prairie City, 20 miles from Des Moines, June 15.* 1 be Pacific Railroad will be completed to Loup Fork June 1. A young lady in Rockland, Maine, the other night, in a fit of somnambulism, arose and cut oft one-half of her flowing hair. Naval officer Lynch, of Charlestown, having declined taking the iron clad oath, Secretary McCulloch omits to sign his pay warrants,