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OLD SERIES, VOL. IAX V. Chronicle & Sentinel. xi pNR v Sr<ion i A. H. WIUGIIT. TKKMS OF SI JW( ttIPTION. AVKKKLY. * mouth* to « uumtta 1 75 J. It. VV. JOHNSTON . Busiist-** Murder. A ICW I 'HT A , €i A : WEDNESDAY IORXINK, UGI'ST 22. The Situation In Europe. Exciting and extraordinary event- have succeeded each other in such rapid succes sion in Europe during the last few weeks, that the inind becomes quite confused in the attempt to kejfp up with the setentious outgivings of the cable, and the varied and conflicting details of the foreign press. A writer in that excellent paper, the New York Mercantile Journal, has come to the aid of the reading public, and gives a co herent, and we believe also, a correct and reliable bird's-eye view of the status of affairs at the opening of peace negotiations. From it we learn that England is very se riously agitated by the disturbances arising from the defeat of Parliamentary lieform. Popular leader.- like ifrieht and Mills utter ominous words, and the Liberal journals are full of vehement warnings to the Min istry in power, and the Government that sustains it. The least that may be appre hended is. fresh financial disturbance and trouble, extending throughout the great cities and manufacturing districts of the Kingdom, to be aggravated, perhaps, by more serious difficulties in Ireland. Outlie Continent, Prussian diplomacy on the one hand, and her astounding mil itary vigor and sagacity on the other, are sleeping everything before them. King William i already, to all intents and pur poses, at the head of a great united Ger man Empire, the peer of France in power and influence, while thegenius of Bismarck has raised him to a pedestal, as lofty in statesmanship as that of Napoleon 111. The armistice was merely a respite to the utterly fallen fortunes of the House of Austria. The Prussians rushing resist leasly from triumph to triumph, had, after another great battle in which they smote the defenders of Presburgh, hip and thigh, closed around Vienna, towards which Cial dini was advancing at the head of 15,- 000 Italians, infuriated by the evasions of their foe by forced marches. A practi cal survey of the position of the various bcjligerant forces at-the date of the five days truce, will show better than any other explanation, how the political and military map of Europe as it stood four weeks ago, has been transformed in tjiat time. Ist. Tlie Austrian army still available concentrated in 10 corps, along with whu£ is left of the Faxon corps around Vienna, and in the entrenched camp of Florisdorf, a few miles distant from the capital guard ing the passes of the Danube, in all 150,000 men, with headquarters in the city; 30,- 000 men in the fortresses of Konigsgratz, •losephstadt, Thercsienstadt; and Oliuuctz, pretty thoroughly surrounded by the Prussians; 20,000 men in the Tyrol, hold ing Garibaldi at bajf, and 50,000 shut up in Vienna, Mantua, Pcschiers, Legnago, and Venice, a Corps of 10,000 men defend ing the passages of the I’iave and retreating upon Verona, and finally another body of 8,000 men of tho late contingent in the German Federal army, beaten at Asehaffen burgh, and retreating upon Manhoim. 2. .Federal army, forming the sth corps of Prince Alexander of Hesse, re treating upon Augsburgh and striving to make a junction with the Bavarian army, in all (10,000 men, Hessians, Austrians, Baden troops, Wurtemburghers, etc. 3d. The Bavarian corps beaten at Kis sengen, and retreating upon Augsburgh via Wurtzburgh, about 50,000 men. 4th. Tho remainder of the Bavarian ar my, between 50 and 00,000 men in the di rection of Munich and Nuremburgh. sth. The Italian army divided into two grand bodies, viz: that of Cialdini compris ing four corps, inarching Northward, in all 150,000 men; and the army of La Mor mon, comprising 3 corps or 1.000 men, with its headquarters at Terrara, where King Victor Emanuel was personally pres ent. Garibaldi with about 25.000 volun teers, was also slowly making bis way through the passes of the Southern Tyrol. Othly. Comes the Prussian force in three grand armies, viz : that of Prince ' Frederic Charles, extending from /maim of Oh-Hollahrun and Lundcnbourg with detached divisions, and the Sth corps ; echelonned from Hudweis to Linz road ; | next, that of the Prince Royal at Brum, with detached divisions at Koenigsgratz and at Prerau ; the flying partisan Stol berg corps, pivoting on Prerau with head- i quarters at Brunnard : the 7th corps com- ! posed of the two Mantcutfel divisions, and the mixed Federal division stretching from ; Frankfort to Mayence and Darmstadt, with headquarters in the latter city. The third is the army of reserve, organized in ; four corps and already marching upon 1 Saxony, under the orders of the (1 ratal Puke of Mecklenburg. The grand "total of the Prussians already in the field is 400,- iKHI, covering the three armies above men tioned. The advanced armies had been making forced marches, so as to approach Vicuna as nearly as possible before the cessation of hostilities, and had reached the great plain of the march or Marehfield, and pushed on beyond the town of Nieols burg, while on the Hungarian territory, after overwhelming an Austrian cavalry and artillery corps of 00.000 men near Presburg, they had masked that place and cut otf I euetia'on the Hast and South East. Such was the military statu quo, at noon on the U2d, when the armistice commenced, j The terms of negotiation have been pub- : lished —the proposed accession to Prussia ! of several Federal States—the withdrawal : of Austria from the Herman Con fedora- j tion—partial payment of the war expenses , —but as all these are still under advise- j meat. we can afford to wait yet a few days for the definite result. The events of the blazing month of July—more startling perhaps than that afforded in the annals of any like period since the morning stars sang together—make anew era in the his tory of Continental Europe, and are not without significance in their relation to civ dilation everywhere. Congress and Us Pay. The New York Trim < says ; Congress did a very unwise, selfi>k. cowardly, un principled act, increasing its own pay at the close of the late session. We say un wise. because there are not five men in the two Houses who would have dared, when candidates for their present positions, to declare that, if elected, they would seek and vote to raise their own pay from SO,OOO to SIO,OOO each per Congress. It was selfish : for the members must have known, that in so acting and voting, they were embarrassing and damaging the public cause which they profess to have at heart in their greedy lust of private gain. It was unprincipled ; for tunctioiinries en trusted witj. power over their own roconi pense should therein set an example of moderation, in order that they may be in position to resist sternly and efficiently the rapacity of other would-be loecues on the body politic. It was cowardly; fro they did not venture to enact this increase of pay in a distinct bill, and let the yeas and nays be taken and recorded thereon, but sneaked it into the tail end of an ap propriation bill, and juggled it through by the machinery of a conference committee, after the House had voted it down by °ue aud twenty-five to thru. It was a very mean performance, aud we hope to see it repealed at the next session. It will be. if the people will only take the matter in hand and ask even- candidate for the next Congress. "Sir. will you vote to put the pay of members back to $3,000 pier annum, and have all mileage charged by the most direct mail route ?" Texas—Gov. Throckmorton's Ir,augural. Governor Throckmorton, of' Texas, was inaugurated on the sth. An abstract of his inaugural address i- telegraphed to the Western press, in which he reviews the political and materia; condition of the State. , \\ hiie he acknowledges that the difficulties of the situation are depressing, he does not i de-pair of receiving liberal and treatment from his Northern fellow coun trymen. He cannot believ%hat the land of Franklin, Hancock. Adams, Hamilton, Jay, Webster, and many other patriots, is to be no longer the land of the good and great, or that their les-ons of unselfish j devotion to the country are to lie forgotten. \\ hen the storm of passion subsides, and its fury is expended, when reason and jus tice liavq tempered wifii magnanimity, a generous ©£ ird for flpr.' section of the Union, they will, he iJJfcves, resume their ''it,' believe \ great iAa-s of the North desire tir-.ti-ca4ii.iS as brotSers. The gen erous policy and liberality of the President have deeply touched the tendcrest chords of the Southern heart. Sentiments of love ; and veneration for tlie Government of our fathers have been aroused by it, which had long slumbered. His kindness and mercy have been far more potent in elicit ing fidelity to the Union in a few months, ( than could have been effected by bayonets,, confiscation and the gallows in long years of oppression. tic reviews the sufferings, privations and dangers endured in behalf of a cause ! they considered just and holy, shows how sincerely the people have kept tleir faith with their renewed allegiance, says ho has j been identified with Texas for a quarter of ! a century, has mingled with her people j and claims to be able to speak for them, j He urges the importance of enacting laws that will afford the freed people the full protection of all their rights of person and property, guaranteed them by the amended constitution, and thinks the day is not distant when the black people will be convinced that their truest friends are those with whom they have sported in youth, and who have cared for them from infancy. After briefly reviewing his own course, as a 1 Inion man, anil a subsequent suppor ter of the Confederate cause, he urges as tlie most sacred duty of all, to labor for th* restoration of peace and harmony, and invokes the co-operation of the Legislature, and of all in the good work. Ho counsels unselfish devotion to the country, moderation, forbearance and enlarged charity for differences of opinion, as the sure agencies to produce the great ends desired. The temper of the Governor’s address, if sustained by the legislature and the peo ple of Texas, will not fail to effect her speedy restoration to all the functions of civil government. The factious and ob- \ noxious course of Jack Hamilton, the Pro- ! visional Governor, have greatly retarded the restoration of the civil status to Texas ! as well as to’the rest of the States. He is deemed accountable for the omis sion of Texas from tlie proclamation of the President which was received as the restora tion of civil law. The omission of one State, has been urged as a plea for the as sumption that a state of war still exists, and as an excuse for proceedings that have appeared anomalous, under thePresidcnt’s proclamation. Judge Underwood of Vir ginia, makes the exclusion of Texas the excuse for decisions which arc at variance with a state of peace. Now that Texas presents herself in the attitude of loyalty, under all the forms prescribed, the last .trace of a condition of rebellion lias passed away, and there is no further barrier to the full and complete restoration to all the States of all their self-governing functions. The Philadelphia Convention. The telegraph brings us the gratifying intelligence that the Philadelphia Conven; tion is a perfect success. From the re ports which reach us, it is one of the lar gest, most harmonious, and significant po litical assemblages that ever met in this country. Every State and Territory is represented, and the prevailing spirit is that of conciliation and fraternity. All jarring influences and barriers to the per fect harmont of the meeting melt away before the spirit of unity and harmony which seems to animate all parties. The self-sacrificing spirit of Hon. Fer nando Wood, and lion. Clement C. Val landigliam, in declining to accept scats in the Convention, through apprehension that such a course might endanger its har mony, is in the highest degree creditable to those gentlemen. Though by no means the greatest of their sacrifices to constitu : tional principles, it gives them renewed 1 claim on the gratitude of the States seek ing reconstruction, and to the respect of all I who hold the good of the country above ' personal consideration. It was no mean i triumph for such men to be delegated by their constituents to a Convention seeking | to reconcile estrangements which they had i labored to prevent, and theta; is something of the heroic in tlicir refusal to accept j scats in the Convention. •Those in the South who have opposed the Convention will doubtless find new food for carping in the existence of any possible cause for the self-exclusion of these distin guished gentlemen from its counsels. To such we commend a modicum of the noble spirit they exhibit in promoting the ends of harmony and reconciliation. The North yields to our prejudice against those who were termed disloyal to our cause: let us not stop to cavil because she does not select as arbiters of peace those i who were termed disloyal to her cause. Cable Dispatciies. Some of our eotemporaries have in t dulged in what appears to us as captious j criticism upon the dispatches by the cable. We have deemed it reasonable and just to give the Association time to perfect its ar rangements attendant upon so important a change in its reports. For the last few days our dispatches have embraced the important European events of the day of their reception, with the markets up to the close of business on the night before our paper goes to press. This wonderful re sult. it appears to us. should disarm all criticism, aud entitle the Associated Press to the hearty thanks of every journalist in the land—especially when it has Ken done without adding a dollar to the charges ot the Association. In this connection, we take pleasure in returning our acknowledgments to Mr. Walsh, the polite and efficient agent of the Association here, and also to the obliging operators, for their courteous attentions. •• Don’t Rise on my Account.’’ The o">r<rta Citizen, and some other journals who have exerted the extent ot their influence to make the Philadelphia Convention a failure, now claim to have exerted a very salutary influence in eou troling and moulding the policy of the Convention. Thiscourseof these papers re minds us of an old woman who went late to church, and reached the sanctuary last as the audience wa> rising for prayer. Being unused to the customs of the congregation, -he thought they were all rising to give her a seat, whereupon she rem: rked, so that all the congregation could hear her, 3' OU needn't rise on my account. These presses have had just about as much influence on the Philadelphia Convention as the old lady did upon the congregation aforesaid —or as the guut did upon the bull s bora iu the fable. Whither are we Drifting ? We are aware that reason is unavailing in an issue with the agrarian efu-nders who have espoused the cause of universal suffrage and negro equality. But there are many who thoughtlessly follow the lead of these agitators, who may not be lost to words of caution. We conceive it to be the duty of all exponents of Southern ■ opinion, however humble, to meet this suffrage heresy with candor. The States ! of the South, in their desire for concilia tion, and respect for constitutional obliga tions now resting upon them, have submit ted to all the exactions which conferred on the negro perfect civil equality, and to many radical changes in their fundamental laws. This last demand for the suffrage of a race, four-fifths of whom are but one re move above barbarism, is a shock which our social and civil institutions will not ! bear. It is the last hair that is bound to break the camel’s back. The people of the North have had ample warning of the results sure to attend this outrage upon free institutions. The President has told them it would lead to a war of races. Generals Grant and Sherman have reitera ted the same warning ; and tluUNgWvGr leans riots, and numerous other collusions between the whites and blacks, which have resulted from the insidious teachings of this terrible doctrine —all confirm the ap prehensions which induced the President and the better portion of his military and civil advisers to warn the majority in Con gress against attempting so dangerous an experiment. Their warnings have been unheeded. The utterances of the bad men who figured in the late drama in New Orleans, (ex tracts from which we publish elsewhere,) show the determination to exact the privil ege of suffrage at the point of the sword. The bloody result of their boasts is but a prelude to scenes which will drench the land with gore, if their mad teachings are persisted in. We deplore violence in every shape—we have no disposition to defend mob carnage anywhere. But when the passions of men are lashed into fury by startling innovations upon law, justice, and social order, such as tried the temper of the New Orleans populace, collisions are inevitable. It is painful to notice that the influence which led to that disturbance are insidi ously at work throughout the South. We do not mean to excite alarm, but it is well to look impending danger squarely iu the face. Our own community is an illustra tion of the irritating tendencies of the teachings of this new heresy. The colored people, beguiled by the imagined benefit to result from securing the franchise, have organized an association to promote that end. They have been told that those who would deny them this privilege are their enemies, and seek to keep them in subjec tion. The result is a feeliug of jealously, and hostility to the whites, which is both damaging to them and threatening to the peace of society. Their favorite loaders encourage this spirit of estrangement, and are now at the North seeking material aid in the prosecution of their cherished scheme. They are writing letters, which are published in papers read chiefly by the blacks, warning the whites that suffrage must and shall bo accorded to the negro. Such letters are being industriously circu lated among the colored people. However unworthy of respectful notice these emis saries of mischief may be, personally, we may not with impunity shut our eyes to the effects of their follv. It is in no threatening or captious spirit that we present this subject to our readers. We would see the kindest relations exist between the races. We would accord the colored people the same rights and privileges that are accorded them in the States from which these champions of suffrage come. At the same time wo would urge i the intelligent among them who are capa ble of reviewing the subject with reason, to reflect that this is tho government of tlie white man, and that the white people of this country North and South, revolt against unrestricted negro suffrage. We remind them that in only a very few of the free States arc the negroes allowed to vote, and in only one, or perhaps two, can they vote save under a property qualification ; that several of the Northern States have recently reiterated at the ballot box the denial of suffrage to the negro. If this has been clone in those States where there are but few negroes, of the more intel ligent classes, how much greater is the reason for refusing suffrage to tlie degrad ed plantation blacks of the South, who do not know the meaning of the word ? This subject, delicate though itis, relates to tlie most sacred interests of society. Its agitation calls up frightful pictures of tho horrors of St. Domingo, but frightful as they are, we may not shut them out of view with indifference. We have no fears that tlie fate of St. Domingo will ever attend the late slave States of the South. Tlie predominance of the white over the black population is too large, to make the struggle long or the question of supremacy doubtful. All the instincts of humanity call for the mutual exercise of forbearance and good will between the blacks and whites, that the dire calamities attending such a struggle may be averted. Gen. Tillson’s Report. General Davis Tillson, Assistant Com missioner of Freedmen's Affairs, has ren dered his report of the operations of the Bureau in the State of Georgia, since his assignment to duty here, in which he says, since the enactment of laws by the State granting to the freedmen all the rights of person and property enjoyed by tlie white citizens, the Bureau has labored persistent ly to restore the supremacy of civil law and its enforcement in such manner as to pro tect all classes of citizens, irrespective of color or condition. It was not expected this effort would be followed by immediate success, but enough has been accomplished to render the future hopeful. Still, there are many instances where, through the prejudice of the people, or the incompe tency of the Magistrates, the treedmen are denied the protection of the law, and where the interference of the Bureau is esseutial to secure justice. The General says further, that the plan ters depend upon the continuance of the Bureau to control labor and make it re liable, and the freedmen to aid them in obtaining their wages. Its removal now would be followed by doubt and uncer tainty on the part of the one, and distrust on the part of the other. The most in telligent planters entertain this opinion, and would regard the removal of the Bu reau and its agents at the present time as a public misfortune. Such are the views of General Tillson. Tiie Convention News.—No discus sion—the re-affirmation in an address of the principles of the call—and a separate manifesto from Southern delegates—seems the programme of the National Union Co nvention yesterday assembled at Philadel phia. W e have no comment to offer —that programme speaks trumpet-tongued for it self. And so does the speech of His Ex cellency Governor Orr.— Constitutionalist. Me are gratified at the quiet acquies ouce of our eotemporary in the success of the Philadelphia movement. It is said that silence gives consent, and the above is so near silence as to indicate that our eotemporary is in a fair way to become a convert to the good influences which pre vail at Philadelphia. The population of Milwaukee, W iscon sin, in IMO, was 1,7-50 souls ; in 1565 the inhabitants numbered 65,640. A Plenary Council of the Roman Catho lic Church throughout the United States is to be held at Baltimore on the 7th of Octo ber, AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, AUGUST 22, 1866. Sleeping (ars on the Georgia Railroad" Being called to the depot on last night, to put some friends on the cars, we went, immediately on the arrival of the train, as usual, to the rear box. to find seats, when, to our great astonishment, we found our self in a gorgeous coach, resembling far i more the costly cabin of some first-class steamer than a railroad c;.r. For a while we could not comprehend the situation. It was hard to realize the fact that we were ! on the Georgia railjpad. or on any South i em road, having never before seen any sleeping coaches on any of them. Fine damask curtains hung on each side of the aisle, and large gilt-framed mirrors re flected our images back on ail sides, and we really thought, for a moment, that our being on the cars was all a dream. At the entrance the polite captain of the cabin inquired if vre wanted a double or single berth, to which inquiry we re plied with a shower of questions, and at i the same time indulging in a sort of solilo ! quizing wonderment. But, on examina i tion, and through the communicative dis positioii of the polite captain, we found I that he was prepared to furnish, not only i single persons, but married persons, with I'comfortable beds. A man can take his j family into a genteel and handsome berth, free from dust and noise, (no loud talking allowed to disturb passengers while sleep ing,) and perfectly private, and retire regularly to bed, just as much so as on any steamer. Each berth has a large mirror in it, and at the end of the institu j tion is a handsome wash-stand, marble | basin and clean towels, and everything necessary to make the toilet. How the world progresses! In a few more years, no doubt, our railroad gauges will be widened, the track-bed wilU be solid granite, laid with artistic masonry, the coaches will be enlarged, and we will j ride without a jostle, and cook, and eat, | and sleep, and dance on our cars, just as j upon steamboats. In the year three | thousand the reality in the world’s pro | gross will be found to be far in advance of the wonderful picture which some far seeing genius penciled a few years since from his vivid imaginations. In this same sleeping car we had the pleasure of finding the accomplished, ener getic and jovial superintendent of the road, Col. E. W. Cole. He was in com fortable dishabille, enjoying the luxury of the establishment, cum dignitate. Speaking of this model improvement reminds us of an amusing incident which happened here a few nights since in con nection with it: One of our prettiest and most charming young ladies —indeed, one of our belles—while at the depot to see friends off on the train, stepped aboard to examine this new feature, and was “so carried away” with it, that when she found herself she was in Madison, some twenty miles distant. She returned next morning, safe and sound, to her anxious friends, but we have not since heard how she enjoyed her “snooze,” nor what her opinion is, in general, of “ sleeping cars. ” J. ft. S. Greensboro, Ga., Aug. 9. The Development of our Resources. Messrs. Editors :—Various schemes have been suggested for advancing the interests and prosperity of Augusta, but few are acted on. Editors and newspaper corres pondents frequently point out what might be done, but unless a direct and immedi ate return can be realizefl in a few weeks or months, plans that would ultimately in crease the value of property are neglected. If we have not the necessary capital or knowledge to prosecute certain enterprises ourselves, let us invite others to take hold. Btot it'toelc'notvTV what opportunities and resources are at our very doors, ready to reward skill and enterprise. The Exhibition of all Nations, to be hold j at Paris next spring, wotdd afford an ex cellent opportunity to bring into notice many valuable resources which might bo made to add materially to our prosperity, if a few public spirited individuals would interest themselves in presenting these ap- ' titudes to tlie attention of the people from al 1 j parts of the civilized world who will there j be gathered. For example, will not someone take the trouble to send forward a sample of the remarkable deposites of Kaolin found in this immediate vicinity. European work men state that the quality is second to none they have even manipulated and a comparison with English or French clays need not be feared. As an indication of its value, parties are now engaged in stoip ping to Northern ports large quantities. Itis evident tliat if it can be profitably used, after paying the heavy expenses incident to transportation, there must be a large margin for profit if manufactured on the spot, and the quality must be better than most clays to bear that expense. Some weeks since an article appeared in your columns descriptive of this Kaolin and its uses—and the peculiar advantages of this section for manufacturing this class of articles, enlarged on. As stated, here are the raw materials, efficient water power, facilities for transportation, cheap fuel and a home market, all combined. If a proper spirit and enterprise was evinced, these deposites would eventually afford profitable employment to thousands of operatives. No one would dispute the inference that the establishment of facto ries giving remunerative employment to workmen in the surrounding country, would redound to the advantage of the city, and give anew impetus to its growth. Employment would thus be given to foundries and workshops. Merchants would supply materials needed; farmers by having a home-market for their pro duce, would be able to buy more freely of tho goods they need, and all classes would be benefited ’directly or indirectly. Any measure that tends to produce such a result should not be neglected. As an advocate of progress, cannot you, through the influence exercised by your paper, in duce a spirit of looking beyond the imme diate personal results, to the benefit that would be derived by each one if his neigh bor was prospering and making money. The sending of this kaolin would be a practical step in the right directum. Have it put up in a neat case, accompanied by statements of quantity, quality and facili ties, and opportunities for successful prose cution of the business, with a request to the American Commissioner at Paris to place it where attention can be directed to it. Tho cost of the transportation will be slight for the samples, as the agent in New York, I understand, takes charge of arti cles intended for exhibition. Kaolin is not the only article worthy of being sent; therefore, f trust you will urge the importance of such measures. ® Disturbance in Charleston. The Charleston News gives an account of the riotous conduct of some negroes near the West Point Mill, on Saturday night. They were ordered away from the premises by tlie watchman, wben one of the ne groes knocked him down with a brick. He then tired at them. They soon rallied some companions, and threatened to kill every d —d—rebel! son of—in the yard. The watchman retreated to the house of M r . Jordan, one of the owners of the mill, who in coming out to see what was going on. received a severe cut in the head from a club. He seized a double barrelled gun. and shot his assailant in the back, upon which the negroes retreated. Several ne groes were arrested. {fur New Hampshire Letter. We publish to-day a letter from a New Hampshire Democrat, of the Pierce shod giving his views of the Philadelphia movement, and critiei-ing the way in which President Johnson has given the cold shoul der to that wing of his Northern supporters. We trust that the Philadelphia Convention will so concentrate aud unite the friends of the President that there trill be no oeca -ion hereafter for charges of prejudice or partiality —but that all will be recognized as fraternal co-workers in the cause of re conciliation, peace and union. There was a short pistol practice between a soldier and citizen in Selma a day or two s p iee _rifteen or twenty shots were fired, but nobody hurt! Georgia The first bale of new fatten received at Macon lias been ptoppped by eitizens of that place and slapped as a present to President Johnson. JEjgis Hon. D. A. Walks- iledin s. on account of sickness, to attdjd The Philadelphia Convention, as onep# the delegates for the State at. large. flMßjieamly endorses the object ot the (’oqksntioii. An amusing to the Elberton Gazette, the other day. The paper on which one Mlf its weekly edition was printed was tarried off by mistake with a lot of old papeg and sold to a mer chant ofHart eountyM;; A. T. Stewart’s a reart branch dry goods house at Savannah .Swill measure 42 feet front by 310 feet deem and have six stores. Its height will be Ofgfeet from the side walk, and it will bfr|uiit of pure white marble. The Macon Mexseihas says tliat the fire man on the up provision train of the Cen tral Railroad, on evening, while out -on the engine greasing some of tlie machinery,' slipped |ikl fell, breaking his .-hull, which resulted in his death soon afterwards., Prof. AVilliams, of the Blind Institute, has introduced a mrf and very useful feature into his instit?**t!K!' s l* VrtWft'Work shops for the Blind, sftljlaeon. The editor of tlie Messenger liuwween a specimen of Corn Broom made at tlie Institute, which is equal to the best from Connecticut. His object is to furnish the means of support to the blind by instruWpg them in various mechanical arts of usein every-day life. The Rome Courier Says a gentleman liv ing in that county, by the name of Sol. Nettles, some fifty ye@rs old, and not a large man, ate seventy-three raw eggs in town last Saturday. He contracted with a family grocery merchabt for as many eggs as he could suck, agreeing to pay twenty five cents for the ideal. He ate all tho mereharft had, and said “he would like a few more,” but yet djd not wish to trouble the merchant to go but and get them. Tlie Macon papas allude to tlie fact that New Orleans ©aiton dealers are offer ing extraordinary iAducement to the plan ters of South Western Georgia to ship their cotton to thatfearket. They furnish bagging and rope ctemost favorable terms, and are preparing {©lncrease the number of boats on the Chattahoochee river. The freight on a bale of cotton from Albany, Eufaula and ColuMus to New Orleans, will be three dollars per bale, while tlie present freight by rail to Savannah is from seven to seven dollar, and a half. Mr. Davis, of Upson county, informs the Macon Messenger that a young man, Samuel Brown, was killed, near Barnes ville, Wednesday bight about 8 or 9 o’clock, under the following circumstances: A suspicious character had been taken up in Barnesville, during the day, who confessed to horse-stealing, and that lie belonged to a clan, the members of which resided in different counties, which would meet at Air. Garland’s, ©bout eight miles from Barnesville, thatfnight and take his stock. A party, with the thief, went out to Air. Garland’s and placed themselves in am bush. Very soon, someone came riding up, when the thief met him and gave tho password, which was not responded to, when the thief asked his name, to which he replied , “Why do you ask my name?” About this time, seeing a crowd surround ing him, he put spurs to his horse, when three shots were fired at him, one of them taking effect in thy, horse and another in himself. He fell from his horse about three hundred yards distant; * and when found soon afterwards, was dead. It is the general opinion that young Brown was an innocent party, on his direct way home from Thomaston, and started to run merely because lie became alarmed, think ing he was surrounded by banditti. Significance of the Result of the Ken tucky Election. The Radical press of the North and West are industriously endeavoring to create the impression that the election in Kentucky was an exhibition of what they call rebel sympathy. The absurdity of this assertion is apparent when we con sider the fact that Kentucky gave a ma jority of some 40,000 against secession, and now those who are accused of secession sympathy have a like majority over those who claim to be Union men. The truth is, Kentucky is tired of Radical mis rule, and the Hobson party in Kentucky were'allied with radicalism, while Duval was the exponent of the President’s re construction policy. The result shows a sweeping change of popular opinion against those who profess to bo the especial guard ians of tho Union. It is, we hope and be lieve, but the first surge of a ground-swell which is to sweep from power the pestilent herd of fanatics at the eqming elections. Precious Wines. —The burghers of the steady city of Bremen boast of a wine which was made in 1624, and which cost when barrelled $240 a butt, of 204 bottles. Count ing the expense of cellarage, and the com pound interest of $240 since 1624,' and we have the conclusion that a butt of this choice nectar is now worth 600,000,000 of six tholers; or 2,750,000 rix thalers a bot tle, equal to $2,000,000 in American gold. At this rate a glass of this Rocnevain wine is worth $280,000, or S2SO a drop! The Paris correspondent of the New York Times —who makes tho above calcula tion—says that during the period that Bremen was occupied by the French, under Napoleon, some of the Imperial Generals very coolly drank a considerable quantity of the precious liquor, and for many years afterward the inhabitants of Bremen insist ed that their city had paid to France a larger war levy than all the rest of Germa ny combined. A Savannah Eden Disturbed.—Col. H. H. Eden, late of Savannah, writes the Brooklyn Union a long account of a dis turbance that recently occurred in Savan nah, in which Samuel Whitfield, a freed man, was killed, and which led to his de parture from Savannah. It is full of vile slanders upon the Courts and people of Savannah, and is so palpably false that the Republican reviews Edqp’s letter, and declares that his statements should not be credited. Will the Brooklyn Union con sider the Republican rebel testimony? The Bank Tax and Private Bank- ERs. The Commissioner of Internal Rev enue lias decided that the act of March 3, 1860, amended July 13, 1866, imposing a tax of ten per cent, upon banks and. bauking associations for pa3'ing out the notes of said banks, does not apply topri \ ate bankers doing business without a charter. If', however, a private banker receives and patsout the notes of State janKs. as of a national banking association, State bank, or bankinc asso ciation, the statute of liability is credited. They have anew disease at Washington. It is called pen palsy. ’ The affection derives its name from the fact that it is attributed to the use of the popular French copying ink. which contains arsenic. Both hands and feet of those who use it swell up, and health is so precarious that phy sicians have prescribed abstinence of labor, and especially from the further use of the copying ink. Didst Daredo it.—The reason Frank fort was not sacked upon the refusal of the authorities to raise $26,000,000, was that Rothschild told Manteuffel that if he dared plunder Frankfort he would crush the banks and bankers of Prussia. And he would have done it. This is one time when old Moneybags was stronger than old Mars. TUB FREEDMEX’S BUKE.it?’. Report of Generals Steedinau and Ful lerton. New Orleans, La.. July 20, 1866. To the lion. E. M. Stanton, Secretary ot JEW : Sir : We have the honor to submit the following report of our inspection of the operations of the Freedmen's Bureau De partments of Georgia, Alabama, .Missis sippi, Louisiana and Texas. We found that the number of officers and civilians em ployed by or detached to the Bureau, in the Departments above named, were as follows : Georgia. —One Brigadier General, As sistant Commissioner; lour on staff duty ; two in charge of hospital, and eighteen Sub-Assistant Commissioners, Civilian employees, ninety-five, at a months pay of £89,117 ;in addition 177 agents, ap pointed in accordance with the resolution of the Georgia State Convention, Otcober 30,1865. They are not paid from bureau funds, but by fees allowed for approving contracts and other duties. Alabama. Major General, Assis tant Commissioner ; nine on staff duty ; nine Sub-Assistant-Commissioners. Civil ians, seventy-two, at a monthly pay of $88,283. Mississippi.— One Major General ; As sistant Commissioner; six oil stall' duty, performing military duty, and also bureau duty. Only 22 Sub Assistant Commis sioners. Civilians 64, at a monthly pay of ■£8,933. - ... Louislana —One Brigadier General, Assistant Commissioner; nine on Staff duty; 38 Sub Assistant Commissioners, two on temporary duty ; civilians 94, at a monthly salary of $99,165. Texas —One Brigadier General; As sistant Commissioner; six on staff duty; 29 Sub Assistant Commissioners. Civilians eight, at a monthly pay of $3,383. The number to whom rations have been issued in each State since the Ist of Sept., 1865, up the Ist of April, were as follows: Georgia —Bations to Freedmen, De cember, 1,507 ; rations to freedmen, Janu ary, 1,605; rations to freedmen, February, 1,670; rations to freedmen, March, 1,919. Bations to white refugees, December, 372; rations to white refugees, January, 12; ra tions to white refugees, February, 13; ra tions to white refugees, March, 112. Alabama —Bations to freedmen, De cember, 2,249; rations to freedmen, Janu ary, 2,226; rations to freedmen, February, 4,093; rations to freedmen, March, 505,- 018. Rations to white refugees, December. 3.289; rations to white refugees, January, 25,050; rations to white refugees, Februa ary, 13,083; rations to white refugees, March, 17,115. Mississippi —Bations to freedmen, De cember, 570; rations to freedmen, Janua ry, 696; rations to freedmen, February, 927; rations to freedmen, March, 565. Ba tions to white refugees, December, 20; rations to white refugees, January, 43; rations to white refugees, February, 65; rations to white refugees, March, 118. Louisiana —Bations to freedmen —De- cember, 1,021 ; January, 1,192; February, 1,158; March, 1,388. To white refugees —December, 51; J anuary, 24; February, 20; March, 10. Texas —To freedmen—December, 32; January, 67 ; February, 92 ; March, 45. To white refugees—December, 15; Janu ary, 4; February, 7; March, none. There is no necessity for relief beyond the present season, except in Northern Georgia and Alabama, where a limited amount may be requisite for some time. Much depends in all the States upon the success of this year’s crop. But little en couragement lias been given to the opera tions of the Bureau by the citizens of any State, except Alabama and Georgia, in which the Assistant Commissioners, Wil-. son and Swayne,. have removed much of the prejudice against the Bureau by secur ing the co-operation of the civil authorities. A reduction in expenses of the Bureau ren ders it far less objectionable than it is now. The discontinuance of paid employes not in the military service of the Government would reduce expenses for clerks, contract surgeons, hospital stewards, &e., to the following amounts : Georgia, $34,584 per annum; Alabama, $33,312 per annum ; Mississippi, $30,276 per annum ; Louisiana, $55,984 per an num ; Texas, §Tojß96per annum 1 Total, $165,052. All the labor performed by these employ ees might be discharged by details from the troops. One set of officers should be re quired to perform the joint duties. Mr. Matthew Whilucn, formerly in the School Department, stated in September, 1865, that Capt. Pease, Superintendent, reported officially there were 40 schools in operation, and in a flourishing condition, when in fact there were but two, and that the books and records were destroyed in Capt. Pease’s office and others substituted. We can see no object for the fabrication of this false report, unless it was to account for payments made to persons who were not engaged in teaching. Capt, Morse, appointed Provost Marshal by Mr. Con way, made his office a slave pen, arresting freedmen and selling them to planters at five dollars a head, and sharing the pro ceeds with his special policemen, who made the arrests. This officer collected $675.10. The Bureau is cultivating a large plantation for which it pays ten or fifteen thousand dollars a year as rent. Major General Absalom Baird is the As sistant Commissioner and Military Com- i mander of the Department. He improved upon the administration of Mr. Conway. In Texas the facilities for travelling are so limited, and the State so large, that wo found it impossible to make a thorough investigation of affairs in that department. The headquarters of the Bureau are at Gal veston. A few agents are in the most acces sible and populous parts of the State. Os the condition of affairs in the interior we were unable to obtain accurate intelligence, either from .the agents of the Bureau or from any other sources. In Richmond and Houston we met sev eral of the agents from several districts. At Iliehmond, Capt. Sloan, the agent, is engaged in planting with his former cleric, Captain Porter, and an ex-officer of the Hebei army, Capt. Mitchell. Capt. Sloan denied under oath that lie was or ever had been interested in the plantation, but Ma jor Pearson, Commandant of the troops, and Dr. Beard, Post Surgeon, swore that Capt. Sloan had told them repeatedly that he was interested in the farm, and had mentioned to them the amount he intend ed to raise by it. Complaints are made that Capt. Sloan had employed the power of the Bureau to take negroes from planta tions and place them on his own. Lieut. C. F. Hardenbrook, Agent at Beaumont, Jefferson county, stated that the freedmen were doing well, and that the disposition of the people was not very fair. Most of the freedmen were engaged in herding stock, and are paid from $lO to sls a month in coin. He had recently arrested Dr. Houston, a.’citizen, on the report of a freedmen, that the doctor had said he did not regrad his parole as binding, but find ing it was impossible to obtain evidence against his prisoner, lie had been obliged to release him. We are satisfied that he was utterly incompetent for his position. In the Brenham district, (Capt. S. A. Craig stated that his predecessor, Lieut. Arnold, Twelfth Illinois Cavalry, had kept no record, and had left nothing in the office but a list of contracts and a file of orders, and he could give us no information of his official ac counts. Bureau agents in Texas exercise judicial powers in both civil and criminal cases, and in the discharge of these arbitrary and dangerous functions frequently arrest and imprison respectable citizens upon mere rumor. Capt. Sloan, of Bichmond, while at Galveston, out of his district, arrested a citizen, and put him in prison on the plea that he wanted him as a witness in a case, which he only knew from rumor would be brought before him. Ten of the 35 agents are citizen planters. One ot them, Col. MeConnaghee, agent in Thornton county, was formerly a Colonel in the Bebel arm}, and was appointed an agent of the bureau by Gen. Gregory, then Assistant Commis sioner for the State, while still unpardoned. While we believe Gen. Gregory to nave j been honest in Ills administration, we think hri extreme views and policy promoted ill feeim" and bitterness between the whites and blacks. So far as we saw or were able to o-et information in Texas, the freedmen were working well, and the crops were verv promising. The wages paid, all the payments being made in specie, were bet ter than in any other Mate. Brevet Maj. Gen Kidd is Assistant Commissioner. SUMMARY. In pursuing this investigation, which lias now extended over four months, we have found extreme difficulty in complying with that portion of our instructions which requires us to report upon the operations of the Bureau and its mode of administra tion. The Bureau has no settled mode of administration. There is an entire ab sence of svstem or uniformity in its con stitution. In one State its officers exer cise judical power : in an adjoining State all eases are referred to the civil authorities; while in a third State the Bureau officers collect the cases and turn them over to the ; military Provost Courts to dispose of. In j some Departments the officers of the 1 Bureau have attempted to regulate the j rate of wages. One form of contract be • tween employer and employed is prescribed ; in one State, while in another a different j form is adopted, iu Louisiana the ex penses of the freedmen schools have been 1 wholly paid by the Government. In the other States the schools are self-supporting, j In some localities the Bureau officers in terfere arbitrarily between the planter and j the freedmen, in favor of the freedmen ; in I other localities the Bureau is used as a I means of coercing the freedmen in favor of | the planter. The expenditure of the Bureau varies as much as its mode of ad ministration. In one State the expenses | are over $300,000 a year; in another State, with an equal pcpulation, the expenses are not more than $50,000. In some States tlie expenses have been met by taxes, levied and collected from the people ; in j other States the cost is entirely borne by the United States Treasury. We found it impossible to investigate tlie Bureau qurtermasters, for the reason that when the funds were received from taxes, rents, tines, and sale of abandoned property, there were no means of ascer- I tabling the amounts received, except from the personal statement of tlie officers them selves. A quartermaster in the army, drawing his funds from the Government, has the amount charged up to him, and is obliged to account for it in bis return; but the looseness of tlie administration of the quartermaster’s department of the Bureau, and the absence of all check upon the offi cers, give no security except the personal honesty of the men themselves. We examined, the accounts of Bfevct Brig. Gen. Whittlesey, Bureau Quartcr miYstepAif the Department pf Mississippi,, who satisfied us that he had honestly ad ministered the affairs of his department, and had accounted for all the money re ceived by him; but whether his prede cessor, who collected a large amount from taxes, rents and sales, paid over to Gen. Whittlesey all tlie money in his hands be longing to the Bureau, we arc unable to determine. We do not make this state ment to reflect upon that officer, against whom there were no charges, but to illus trate the looseness of the system. The official report of Col. Reno, Provost-Alar shal-General of the Bureau in Louisiana, shows a deficit of upwards of $7,000 in the accounts of the officers who were engaged in the collecting of taxes in New Orleans, which deficit Col. Reno says he is unable to explain in consequence of the loose manner in which the books were kept. We have stated our opinion of the effect i of the operation of the Bureau on tlie the habits of freeuuien, and their disposi- tion to labor and support themselves. We have seen nothing in subsequent investiga tions to induce us to change the views ex pressed in past reports. We now speak in detail of the Bureau in the States we have visited. The Bureau in Georgia, under the management of Brevet Major Gen. Tillson, has been honestly administered, and has accomplished all the good of which the system is capable, it lias been assisted by the Governor, Judges of the Supreme Court, and civil authorities and to some extent by citizens. The amended laws of Georgia arc fully as liberal as those of any Northern State. Notwithstanding this fact, we have found that agents of the Bureau have taken cases out of the hands of the civil authorities, and disposed of them in a manner never contemplated by the laws of the State. The freedmen of Georgia, where we went through the State, were generally at work, and wherever their wages were remunerative and regularly paid they were contented and doing well. In Alabama Major-Gen. Wager Swayne, Commissioner, has pursued a discreet, liberal, and enlightened policy, laboring to secure the co-operation of the civil au thorities, and to obtain from the judical machinery of the State a recognition of of the rights essential to the well-being of of freed people. Subordinate agents have been guilty of considerable irregularities. Several officers and agents are engaged in planting. We found the freedmen in Alabama working well on. the plantations, but the heavy rains had swollen the streams out of their banks, doing immense damage to the crops, and some apprehen sions were felt that the freedmen who were working on shares would lose their labor, and would not be able to make subsistence for themselves and families. In Missis sippi Major General Thomas J. Wood lias improved upon the administration of Ins predecessor, Col. Samuel Thomas, whose policy was not calculated to produce har mony betweenjthe races-. There is still more ill feeling existing between the whites and j blacks in Mississippi than, elsewhere. I There are causes operating in localities be- I yond the control of the Bureaq, producing i antagonism and bloodshed. At Grenada j an organized band of desperadoes have, for j some time past, held, the town iu terror. In April last they murdered Lieut, Bland- j ing of the Bureau. The respectable citi zens strongly condemn the crime, and sought to have the murderers brought to justice. At Meridian a condition of things nearly as bad prevails. Major J. J. Knox was fired upon in the night, a few months ago, an excellent officer on good terms with the people. At Columbus, Major Smith made some remarkable statements, lie at first said that the people of the district were well disposed, that the freedmen were doing well, and were kindly treated by all except the poorer classes of whites. In a very few minutes afterward he asserted that outrages upon the freedmen had been com mitted by two-thirds of- the planters in the neighborhood. He proceeded to state es pecially the nature of the outrages, and by whom committed. Jle mentioned three only, all of which had been committed on the same plantation by the overseer, and all of which had been remedied by the planter himself as soon as His attention was called to them. On investigation, we found the statements of this officer as to the ill treatment of negroes grossly exaggerat ed, and learned that the agent himself had, on one occasion, advised a planter with whom he was dining to “club” any negro who refused to work. Aside from the places infested by bad men, tbe negroes in Mississippi work industriously and, as a rule, are kindly treated and doing well. The officers of the Bureau formerly imposed and collected fines, and many kept no records. At Grenada, a former agent, Chaplain Livermore, did a thriving business in this way of collecting fines, and selling rations and Government horses and mules. This officer seems not only to have collected fines ranging from fifty cents to five dollars from the freedmen for marrying them, but also attempted to exact fees trom resident white Ministers for giving them permission jto marry freedmen. In cases were the ! negroes were unable to pay the sum de- I rnanded of them for approving their con j tracts or marrying them, the chaplain j levied on their personal property, in one j ease seizing a negro’s empty wallet and i jack-knife for a balance of fifty cents, j This close driving is probably to be ac- I counted for by the fact that Chaplain Liv j errnore openly expressed his intention to j return to Illinois with SIO,OOO in las pock j ct. After he had been removed from his | post be offered a military officer fifty dol : lars for his influence to retain him in his I position. Chaplain Livermore left no offi ; eial papers behind to show the disposition jhe had made of the funds received. A large amount of money was collected by ! the first two Agents at Columbus in the shape of fees and fines, and, so far as we could learn, no account was ever rendered iof it. This class of officers have lately been I mustered out, or have disappeared. L ri i der the present Administration, Agents ex ercise no judicial power. . In Louisiana the Bureau is more in need ; of retrenchment and reform than in any 1 o ther State. More money has been col ; looted and more money squandered than in ! any other three Southern States. The ex penses of the Bureau, as accounted, for the year ending the first of J une, 1866, ! were" over $300,000. To meet this ex- I penditure there were collected, in taxes 1 and rents, $253,448 47, leaving a deficit of $60,057 33 to be paid out of the National Treasury. These expenses are in addition to the transportation, rations and quarter master's supplies furnished by the Govern ment. At the very lowest estimate, the property taken possession of as confiscated or abandoned amounted in value to $lO,- ■ 000,000, and the rents returned are less than one per cent, on the entire value. The expenditure of the Bureau under the present administration, for agents, civilian clerks, and employees about its headquar ters alone, amount to not 1e.,.- than $40,236 a year, exclusive of the pay of staff officers 1 and orderlies in the military service. A large proportion of the money expended on the freedmen’s schools, under the adminis- ■ tration of the Rev. W. Conway, the late 1 Assistant Commissioner, we are satisfied, 1 was squandered. MLSSION OF THE BUREAU ENDED. | At the close of the war, and for some 1 ; time after the cessation of hostilities, the • Freedman’s Bureau did good. The people ! of the South, having at first no faith in the j negroes working under a free labor system, j were desirous of getting rid of them ; and during the summer of J 865 judicious Bu reau and military officers did much toward restoring order and harmony, and inducing the people of the. South to resume the cul tivation of their plantations by employing NEW SERIES,'fOL. XX V. NO. 35. the freedmen. Before the close of 1865 there was an entire revolution in the senti ments of the people of the South with regard to negro labor. A feeling of kind ness sprang up toward the freedman, re sulting mainly from the conviction that his j labor was desirable and profitable, and the j only labor to be had. Tlie necessity of the ; Bureau then ceased. Since then, while it I has been beneficial in some localities, it has | been productive in the aggregate of more 1 harm than good. It lias occasioned, and I will perpetuate discord as long as it exists, ! though administered by the purest and ' wisest even of the nation. The freedmen I regard its presence as evidence that they would be unsafe without it, and the white people consider if an imputation upon their integrity and fairness, and an espionage upon the official action of all their courts and magistrates, as well as upon the private conduct of their citizens. Both races are thus made suspicious and bitter by an agency which, in the present reorganized condition of civil government and society in the Southern States, is powerless to ad vance tlie interests of either. THE BUREAU OPPRESSES THE NEGRO. The best protection the freedman has in the South is the value of liis labor in the market, and, if he is left free to dispose of this—at all times—to the highest bidder, unshackled by contracts made for him by Bureau officers, no apprehensions need be lblt for bis safety or his success. If the freedmen could at this moment demand tlie wages which the high price of the products of the South would justify, one dollar per day. and board, would be the ruling wages, instead of $lO or sl2 pur month, the prices now paid. But they cannot take ;nivan tage of tlie demand jlir their-: labor. .'JW‘ are bound toy contracts, atM 'linskvoiLft* twelve months through the agency am| in fluence Freedtncn’s Bureau. The hands on the Mississippi river steamboats were not required to make contracts, and they are getting S4O per month and their board for labor less exacting than that of plantation negroes. The freedmen on the Ogeehee and' Savannah rivers are getting on the rice plantations from $lO to sls per month, and contract for tho year, while the laborers employed on the G eorgia Cen tral Railroad, which runs between these streams, arc getting $1 50 a day. The negro is going to make all lie can out of liis freedom, and ho has a right to do so. A policy strongly in accordance with jus tice and sound political economy is defeated by tlie_ contract system, inaugurated and forced into practical operation by the offi cers of the Freedmen’s Bureau. We are unable to discover why the simple rules which regulate and control the relation of labor and capital in the Northern States should not obtain as well in the South, why tlie National Govern-' ment should permit the laboring man to sell bis labor to tlie highest bidder in one section of the country and appoint an agent to sell for him in another section. Almost tlie only dissatisfaction existing at the time among the freedmen results from this low rate of wages at which they have been hired under the influence of the Bureau. This discontent makes the freedmen un willing to work, and their indolence pro vokes the planter, who resorts to violence to enforce the contract, and this makes business for the officer who sanctioned the contract. It is a great error to suppose that the freedmen are not competent to enter into contracts for themselves. They are sharp at a bargain, and know veil what a good contract is, and are much better collectors than white people. The system of contracts now existing in the South and enforced by the Bureau is simply slavcly in anew form. AVliat is the difference to tlie negro, whether he is sold for $5 or $5,000, for3o years to 30 masters, or for 30 years to one master. It is invol untary servitude in either case, and a prac tical defeat of the Emancipation Proclama tion of the lamented I ’resident Lincoln. If tlie freedman leaves work to seek employ ment at bettor wages he is arrested as a vagrant by the Freedmen’s Bureau, and put to labor on the roads, with ball and chain, as is provided by an order recently issued by Gen. Scott, Assistant Com missioner for South Carolina. If fatigued from overwork, he desires to rest for a day, if he leaves the plantation to visit a rela tive or friend, it is made a penal offense, and a fine of SSO is imposed, as will lie seen by circular 14 of Gen. Kiddo, Assist ant Commissioner for Texas. If he refuses to contract at all lie is arrested toy tlie Bu reau Provost Marshal, and sold for a few dollars to the nearest plant® - , as in the case of Capt. Morse of New Orleans, al ready referred to. The coercive policy adopted by the Bu reau, in this and other respects, has been made a justification for the discriminating legislation of some of the Southern States. The only remedy against a white man for a breach of contract is a suit for damages, and we can sec no reason wl\y the same remedy should not bo applied and conceded in the case of the black man. Tlie freed man has nothing to sell but his labor, and we are strongly of the opinion that lie ought to be permitted to obtain for it the highest price it will bring. If lie is a freed man it is neither just or lawful for any per son to assume control of him, and certainly not more just or lawful for an officer of the Freedmen’s Bureau to do so than a South ern planter. Very respectfully, Your obedient servants, James B. Steedman, Alajor Gen. Vols. J. S. Fullerton, Brigadier Gen. Vols. A Card from toi. 11. A!. Ashby. Atlanta, August 8, 1866. Editor Era. —“ Stop a lie before it goes too far.” Brownlow, in his last issue, speaking of my arrest says : “This man Ashby, who commanded rebel cavalry during the war, was passing j through here on Thursday, last, under some I assumed name, and was arrested on the train by Sheriff Bearden, upon an indict- J merit found against him by the Grand Jury i of Knox. He gave hail and was released. 1 The allowing of Ashby to give bail and ; walk the streets unmolested, is creditable to tbe Union men, and shows the high re gard for law and order. No man which had command of troops in East Tennessee behaved worse than this man Ashby. “He it was who robbed Dr. Thornburg of a five hundred dollar horse, and then drove the Doctor into Knoxville with a file of soldiers cursing and abusing him like a dog. He it was who arrested Mr. I foiucr and.took his horse from him, while Homer was confined in Tuscaloosa nine months. And it was this man Ashby that drove 400 Union men into Knoxville on foot, and refused them water as he drove them i through branches and creeks in hot 1 weather, killing some of them by the way. “The truth is, there is not a more lenient people on earth than these East Tennessee Unionists, and this case of the j beastly Ashby demonstrates it.” A more shameless lie was never printed, even in Brownlow’s Whir/. It is false from beginning to end, and the only reason that induces me to reply to it is that, it is made with a circumstance and detail which may impose upon many who may not know j me. . .... ! lam a native of Virginia, and at the j breaking out of the war was a resident of'j East Tennessee. When Tennessee seceded, ! I took sides with the State, and entered the Confederate army, raised a company, and j was subsequently elected Colonel of a regi ment; fought through the war with ear nestness and zeal. When the armies sur rendered, I was paroled, and took the am nesty oath offered by tbe President, in good faith, and went into business in New York, where I have since resided, endeavoring to deport myself as a peaceable and law abiding citizen. While in the discharge of my duty as a Confederate I was ordered to es cort a number of prisoners to Knoxville, among whom was Dr. Thornburg. I per- ( formed this duty with as much kindness and j humanity as was consistent with my duty, j and so far from having inflicted on Dr. Thornburg any unnecessary restraint or j hardship!, I treated him with marked at- j tention and respect, and received from him : on parting, his thanks for my kindness. It Ls true I did arrest William Homer ! while carrying the Federal mail, and in obedience to orders, sent him and his horse I to General Zollicoffer’a headquarters- at i Cumberland Gap. What disposition was j made of his horse I do not know, but I j would not have hesitated to cpnfiseate it if i I had not been ordered to make a different | disposition of it. As to my traveling under an assumed name, I can refer to the Federal Generals in whose company I was traveling to refute this charge. lam not ashamed of my name, and at no time, and under no cir cumstances, do I ever expect to deny it. The record which the name of Ashby has acquired by other members of the fam ily in the late struggle for Constitutional liberty, will prevent my ever decrying it 1 and 1 hope it has not suffered in my keep ing. I entered the army because I thought I was right, and under the same circum stances I would feel bound in duty and honor to do so again. I tried to do my duty, but I took pride in the consciousness that at no time was I guilty of anything which I blush to acknowledge. I have every reason to believe that the statement contained in Brownlow s paper was written by John B. Brownlow, whose soul is steeped in infamy and crime. Bo lore the war he barely escaped execution tor the cold-blooded assassination of" a col legei companion. During the war his only exploits of valor consisted in the murder tit some prisoners, among whom was John I nee, tlie details of whose death were so shocking as to nearly cost him his com mission. .Since the war another college com panion, young Laker, a brave anil gallant soldier, was murdered at lns| instigation : and Ins whole course lias been characterized by a vindictive revenge and brutality, which makes him a worthy son of liis illustrious father. He is not only a mur derer, but a coward, and here I dismiss him. It is true, I was protected by worthy Union men and Federal officers ; and I believe it is due to their interference that, I escaped with my life, but there are no thanks due to the miscreants headed by the Governor of Tennessee and Iris worthy son. H. M. Ashby. FROM El HOPE. Additional by the Java. The Berlin correspondent of the Timex, writing on the 24tli says : “Although prospects of the prolongation of the ar mistice have increased, it would be a mis take to infer that peace is certain. All that Austria lias consented to is to with draw from the Bund. It is a matter of doubt whether the future'constitution of the South, as contemplated by Could Bismack, will meet with the approval of bisJaimlticd, yet lmiuil. gpu .untamed-let* But i£ik fifit believed that cvyu wue tjnj jtrffefei. u: < aj >.» if'would inatenany Sisassk Government in ereutihga npys;tirriy, luree of the most populous provinces Are in tbe bands of the enemy. Venice lias ceded. Hungary is ripe for insurrection. The public movement in favor of the Prussian supremacy is getting stronger and stronger. In Dresden a number of leading politicians, so long the avowed friends of Austria, have combined with the adherents of. Prussia. Letters and books advocating the same idea abound in the \\ intern berg press. The vanguard of the Prussian forces un j der General Manteuffel was in Baden ter ritory on the 26th, and had advanced southward after a short engagement with the Baden and Wurtcinburg troops near Beschoffsheim and Wcibach. The whole army of the Maine continues to advance in a southerly direction. The cholera is decidedly on the decline in Marseilles. The whole number of deaths from epidemic in that city up to July 22, was 235. It. was peculiarly fatal among children, of whom 171 died in Amiens. The number of deaths on Tuesday, July 20, was twenty-two, among them Dr. James, Professor at the School of Medicine and member c+’ the Sanitary Commission of this place. The Italian Govubnhcnt have determin ed upon a full inquiry into the causes of their late naval defeat. Popular demonstrations against Admiral Pcrsano had been made at Anemia, on ac count of the naval engagqflfaent before Lissa. Letters received from Venice state that the were removing the archives and books from Venice. The inhabitants looked with great uneasiness on the pre parations being made by the Italians for the blockade and seige of the city. All communication with Venice was cut off on the 19th. The cholera is on the increase in Hol land. Up to the Uith there have been 1,- 146 cliolera eases at Leyden, 51 at Delhi, 91 at Rotterdam, and 1,181 at Utrecht. The Vienna correspondent of the 'Times says the inhabitants of the country districts in Hungary show not the least disposition to serve the State as volunteers. 11 is stated*that the 1 ’russians bombarded Wurzburg on the 27th, and were repulsed with the loss of sixteen guns. The town suffered but little damage. In the British Parliament, July 27th, Mr. O’Connor called attention to the treat ment of emigrants on board steamers be tween Liverpool and New York, and drew a lamentable picture of the overcrowding and deficient food on board these ships, tracing to their cause the recent outbreaks of cholera among emigrants. He men tioned the name of several ships on board of which great mortality had taken place on the way fWm Liverpool across Abe At lantic, and asked how it was to bo accounted' for that cholera bad broken .out in them, although when they started on their voy age it did not. prevail in England? Frankfort, July 26.—The Senate and other municipal bodies of that city have assembled in order to draw up a petition which N. de Rothschild was instructed to present to the Kingof Prussia, The Prus sian commander, refused the necessary permission. Burgomaster Fenner has hanged him self out of despair at the manner in which the Prussians have acted towards the city and himself. The Prussians have had a list drawn up of the Senate and other municipal bodies, together with a statement of their landed and serviceablc’propcrtv. All the bankers have held a meeting at which it was declared that if violence of this kind was resorted to, they would sus pend payment in Germany and abroad. The whole amount of the two contribu tions levied by 1 lie Prussians is twenty three million florins. The valuables and plate liave been re moved to a very large extent. There hud been a run on tbe banks, which the bank officers encouraged. The principal newspapers have keen sup pressed. The troops are quartered on the resi dents. Mr. Murphy, the American Consul, is issuing protection papers, exempting from disturbance American citizens. The sudden growth of the American population is astonishing. Berlin, July 26.— The Official Ga-ettc. of to-day justifies the course pursued by Prussia in levying anew war contribution of 25,000,001) florins upon the inhabitants of'Franklort, on the following grounds : The systematic hostility shown toward Prussia by the Government of Frankfort, the toleration of the latter of articles in the Frankfort press insulting to the King of Prussia, the violation of treaties, tin; damage done Prussian property, and the Frankfort participation in the war carried on by the Austrian coalition against Prus sia. The Growing) Crop.— Cotton, to the extent of our very limited observation, looks well, though small and backward. Crop prospects in Central and Southern Georgia have improved a good deal within the past six weeks. In Nortlfarn Georgia there is an extensive drought. The State is set down in the estimate foi about 200,000 bales cotton, but will not produce it. Our farming this year, at I jest, will not balance accounts by a good round sum —that is to. say, our cotton will not pur ' chase supplies and pay wagbs lor the next crop. That is our opinion. With even 200,000 bales—if we make it—we should probably nett, exclusive of tax, say twenty millions. We have got ten to fifteen mil lion bushels of com to buy—also an un known quantity of meat—and wages and < other expenses, amounting to a third of j I the crop value, to provide for. The best) arithmetic a man can bring to tiie solution of the status will show very unsatisfactory. | ratal be.— Journal if Messenger. j War in Abysinia. — ll t'ommcrcio, of Cairo, under date of July 7, states: “A tremendous battle is imminent between the King Theodore If, and Gubassi, who aspires to the crown, and has risen in op position to the despotism of Theodore. Yuhho-Medina, the General of Gubassie, has placed the province of Tigre under contributions of men, horses, mid animals of all kinds, provisions and money. Both parties are making great preparations for war. According to the statements of the Abysinians, there will be no less than 150,000 combatants upon tbe field of bat tip. Consul Cameron and all the other European prisoners whom the newspapers had stated to have been released are still iu the King s power at Pabretabor. This news is so bad that wa should wish it to bo contradicted, but tbe source whence we have it is one which renders it quite deserving of credence.” ... The Views of Thaddeus Stevens. — The Cincinnati Commercial states that Thaddeus Stevens was recently called upon in Washington to approve - the redonvoca tion in New Orleans of the 1864 Conven tion, the meeting of which resulted in the recent riot, and he announced in most de cided terms his opposition to the Conven tion and its resurrection, as an irregular body from the beginning. Match Horses. —lt is no longer usual to match horses by color; indeed, the pres ent caprice in teams is for them to differ in complexion. Horses are matched now by their gait, endurance, but more especially by their mouth. Teams which agree in color are often very unlike in temper, strength and susceptibility to tbe bridle ; hence the tendency now is toward diversity in color, but uniibnuity in the points of a good horse.