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Bill to legalize certain acts of Notaries Public. Passed. A message was received from Ilis Excel- j lency Gov. Jenkins, in relation to the I boundary line between Georgia and Florida. j Mr Wilcox: A bill to extend the pro-j visions of an Act approved March 4th, | 1856, to protect the citizens of Wilcox, Richmond, Berrien and Clinch counties ! from the injurious consequences of camp- ■ hunting, to Irwin county. Senate adjourned. HOUSE. Tuesday, November 13, The House reconsidered the bill passed j yesterday for the benefit of 11. S. Harris — I reconsidered lor purposes of amend- j jnent. liIEES on THEIR PASSAGE. To amend the charter of Ellaville. , Passed _To re; • _sih section of the charter of the (' i ia and Augusta Railroad. 1 Passed, and transmitted forthwith to the j Senate. To provide for a college tor the benefit ■ of Agriculture and the Mechanical Arts under Land Scrip Act of Congress. — Passed. BILES INTRODUCED. Mr. Moses: For the relief of the people ! ■ of Georgia—(extends provisions of the stay law. i Also, to define the liability of j debtors in certain cases. g|Mr. Humphreys: To make rapes punishable with death—assault with in tent to commit rape to be punished with eoufim ne-nt in the Penitentiary from one : to twenty years. _ j Mr. Gartrell: To point out a mode of changing places of holding Justices Courts. Mr. Gross : For relief of administrators of James Young, deceased, of Bulloch county. Also, to incorporate Rylvania. Mr. Worn hie : To give Rtate aid to complete the Tbomaston Railroad to Barnesville. Mr. Weaver: To prevent railroad and steamboats feifn running ou the Sabbath. Mr. Johnson: To amend act organiz ing the comity court, Mr. Maddox : To point out mode of ’ " '* Yld'-rin'-ri ' •bints >Vlk r.l iM 'auufitetunug Company ,i ,v x ih< Ht**e atpijptfpiv ot «4j. • porjiC-j --ii. i .«tiu 1 JyilWV C^prfy (in,. » n‘ rtknve w the ■>■ ■ biry *r.- between this State and Florida was read and refer red to Committee on State of the Repub lic. The Planters Convention of Georgia has drawn quite a nuAiberof-the most intelligent planters of the State to this point and the Convention meets in the Hall of the House this afternoon. , ... The House this morning passed, as will he seen above, the bill repealing the per sonal liability clause in the charter of the Augusta and Columbia Railroad Company. It was ordered to be at once transmitted to the Senate. This w ill insure the pas sage of the bill by Thursday or Friday of this we< k. It is truly gratifying to find the Legislature acting in this prompt and liberal manner, towards an enterprise of such great importance to the interests of Augusta. Your city will, it is hoped, re cord a large vote in favor of subscription at your election on Monday next, and thus convince the State that she is still actuated by that active enterprising spirit, which characterized her people in times past. Atlanta. Macon, and other places are fully alive to the commercial wants of the age, and are pushing forward the works of internal improvements connect ed with their immediate interests with commendable zeal and energy. Au gusta must and we trust will prove no laggard in this rase of commercial rivalry. Upon this vote of her people, on Monday , next, much of her future prosperity must necessarily depend. 11' the vote is in favor of subscription it will complete a great link in the chain of public travel, and will open up a rich' country in South Carolina to her merchants. The repeal of tlie per sonal liability clause rules over all objections which could reasonably be urged against subscription, and doubtless it will have this effect. The active and energeotic ef forts of the Richmond members succeeded in passing this bill without any opposition whatever. Messrs. Barnes and Snead are always wide awake when the interests of Augusta are at stake. L. C. SENATE. The Senate met at 10 o’clock A. M. Prayer by Rev. Mr. Brooks. Mr. Gresham introduced a bill for the relief of Benson Roberts. The < Governor sent in a message, convey ing a communication from the merchants of MiHedSeville, asking of the State the purchase of a fire engine for the city. The Govei nor recommends that the request bo complied • " itb iht V' Urn to much atstak ii tin tty. HU.:,.- ON THIRD REAPING. Bill V !' .v i , nrro r >■* i- Rill *tt ufhe •< O Clerk ».• Superb liid ( f the Inli in KUm :: Bill. u.. o.i - :i ,t • , N saw M - . uy. i Bill to incorporate the Lumpkin Manu facturing Company. Fussed. The bill to modify the County Court act was ma le the order for to-morrow. Mr. F.zzard introduced a bill to render valid certain acts of Inferior Courts done after the passage oi the act creating County Courts. Mr. Butler: A hill to repeal the act in relation to carrying deadly concealed weap- ! ons. The House resolution appointing a joint ! committee to make arrangements for the j observance of the fast day on the 22d in stant, at the erpitol, was concurred in, and ! Messrs. J. A. \V. Johnson and Butler were j appointed the committee on the part of the j Senate. HOUSE BILLS ON THIRD READING. The bill to strike out from the act for i the relief of indigent maimed soldiers the j word ‘'indigent,” was passed. Bill to prevent the obstruction of Spring Creek by tisli traps, in Early, Miller and Decatur counties, l’assed. Bill to amend the charter of the South ern Mutual Insurance Company. Passed. Bill to incorporate the town of Mar shallville. in Macon county. Passed. The Committee to whom was referred the moi.'H'rial cf S. C. Elam, Esq., reported a resolution recommending that as soon as the Big. st ot the Laws of Georgia should be prepared by said Elam, and submitted to the Geneva! Assembly, it would be the duty of that budy to appoint a committee to examine and report on said Digest. The resolution to donate to counties cer tain books, was adopted. At the hour of 12 o’clock A. M., the Senate adjourned. HOUSE. Mr. Bennett, ot' Brooks: To regulate building offish-traps in the Withl&coochee River. Mr Morrow, ot’ Columbia : To exempt from jury duty persons actually engaged in attending to grist mills. Also : To prevent sueing till Ist of Janu ary. 1868. Mr. Boynton, of Clayton: To legalize a lottery for the benefit of the Clayton High School. Mr. Watkins: To prevent darning up Ocloekneo River. Mr. Willingham: To increase juror's fees in Decatur county WO per cotit. Mr. Cowell: To compeiiNiti) jurors in iVcatur county. Mr. Maddox : To legalize acts of Fulton Building and Loan Association, and ot Stonewall Building and Loan Association. On motion of Mr. Hill, a resolution was agreed to appointing a committee to ar range for divine services in the hall of the House on fast day, --d fnst. Mr. Dart introduced a bill to make a feme sols of Mrs. Shea. Mr. Swann : To provide free transpor tation to soldiers on their way to got arti ficial limbs. Mr. Martin: To appropriate money to pay Dr. Johnson for attending small pox patients in Gwinnett county. Mr. Howard, of Lumpkin: To incor porate Chestatee Blooming au l Mining Company. Mr. Lawson, of Putnam: To amend oss.id Section of the Code. Also regulating the publication of cita tions. Mr. Gross, of Semen ; Resolution ten dering the use of the Hali to Mr. Jackson to deliver an address on relief. Agreed to. Mr. Spear, of Sumpter : For- relief ot N. K. Bass. Mr. Ridley, of Troup : To grant cer tain privileges to James Clark, of Troup county. Mr. Hughes, of Union : For the. relief ot tiie people ofthis State. Mi. liuuiph. of Wayne: To amend 1 sooth i -aragraph of the Code. Mr. Starr, ot White : To amend an Act i * >r t lie rcaet ot AdmuiistnUors, Executors tjuaruians, aVc. Mr. Adams, of Clarke : To amend the Act organizing the County Court Mr. Finch, of Coweta : To h _\ ots of T. Kirby, Administrator ol J. Bolian am Mr. Williams, of Brvau : To allow Rev ! W. B. MeC ami to practice medicine and charge tor the same. Mr. Gartrell, of Cobb : To amend the .Vet relieving soldiers of the late Coated erate army for acts done under orders of superior officers. Mt Barnes, of Richmond : To pay last quarters salary of W. W. Holt, de ceased. Mr. Swearingen : A resolution to print the report of the Committee on Constitu tional Amendment, Indefinitely post poned. BILLS ON THEILt PASSAGE. To amend certiorari laws. Passed. To amend 3253d section of the Code. Passed. To prevent persons from inducing labor ers to leave the service of another. Passed. P’o allow parole evidence in certain cases. ! Laid on the table for the present. NEW MATTER. Mr. Barnes, of Richmond: A hill to regulate the issue of new bonds in lieu of lost and stolen ones. BILLS ON PASSAGE. To consolidate Jacksonville and other Railroad companies. Passed. To authorize Camden county to levy $2 tax on all dogs over three and $1 on all guns, pistols, rifles, and muskets owned by anv one per-on over two. Passed. To incorporate Raccoon Gold Mining • Company. Passed. , To amend Penal Code of Georgia. Pass-, i ed. I To authorize Inferior Court of Decatur ; i countv, to pay Superintendents and Clerks ■ jof elections. Passed. | To require State Treasurer to make ad vancCs to the officers and members of the i General Assembly. Passed. To amend the Charter of Mount \ ernon Academy. Passed. T. i amend section 3555 of the Code. Lost, j For the relief of R. T. Bridges, John San-on and Jos. Glenn. Passed. To change line between Dougherty and Worth. Passed. To encourage Sheep raising. Punishes persons who hunt without permission on farms, where there are sheep. ( Bill of Mr. JB. Jones, of Burke.) Passed. To incorporate Hawkinsville Manufac ; taring Company. Passed. To make advance to State Printer. Pass ; ed. | Adjourned. I enclose you a complete t report of the proceedings of the Planters Association of the State of Georgia, which assembled here ! yesterday. The association will doubtless I be in session for some days, and I will try j and furnish you with a daily abstract ol their proceedings. | But little was done at their first session, | other than to make preliminary arrange ments for a permanent organization. : I also enclose you a memorial from Messrs. Houghton it Cos., late State Prin ters. It seems these gentlemen, after the surrender of the Confederate armies, re ived in pay fur their services the State -.. hi hin thought to have , ■ ■ If is , h;,-! Atittid; Without doubt ■*- p , .. -os »,v0 -.3 ere tiw ot the • '••<». r;.' Ass* ably. , », :« section in the repudiation : finance. under wl eh these gentlemen, if'b del ro” were a individual, -nd not the State, would be allowed to plead the l equity of their claim. As they cannot do so in this case, they think the General As ! sembly should relieve them. Mr. Dutcher, of your city, will, by re i quest of many members of the Legislature, | in a lew days repeat his lecture, which was so highly spoken of by the Augusta Press, on the “ Wits of Georgia.” SENATE. Thursday, November 15. The Senate met at 10 o’clock A. M. Prayer by Rev. Mr. Brook . Mr. Daley introduced a bill to make it a misdemeanor for a father willfully to aban don his child. j Also, a bill to allow the jailor of Tatnall county, to charge fifty per cent additional on his jail fees. Mr. Daley: A bill to prevent bathing on Sabbath day, near roads leading to places of public worship. Mr. Gresham: A hill to repeal an act amending sections 3984 and 3985 of the code. Mr. J. A. W. Johnson : A bill to allow suits at law to be brought against Railroad and Express Companies in any county in which such companies may have offices or agents. Also, a hill to amend the let in relation to suits for notes &c„, so as to allow copies of such notes or drafts to he sworn to. Mr. England : A bill to abolish imprison ment for debt in this State. Mr. Quillian, submitted the report of the Committee on the Deaf and Dumb, which without being read was ordered to be printed. Mr. G. it. Smith: A bill to allow or phans the benefit of dower. Mr. Strickland: A hill to require costs on suit-' at law to he paid in advance. Mr. Parris: A resolution to request liis Excellency to communicate to the next General Assembly the amount of land now owned by the State and the price? at which said land may lie sold. Mr. J. A. \Y. Johnson: A bill to donate to the Orphan’s Home the Okefenokee Swamp. 31 r. Moore: A hill to change the name of the Planter’s Convention to that of the Agricultural and Manufacturing Company ot Georgia. On motion of Mr. Kenan, Generals Gor don and Wayne were invited to seats on the floor. The hi'l to modify and alter the County I Court Act. the special order w >< tak- a up. . and liter considerable discussion was post poned till Saturday Mr. O. I- Smith, introduced a bill to cu.mm sej.ot education in HOUSE. Thursday, November 15. A r on the floor of the Ilall was !. ml John t.0r.1 ... i lie soeeiai order ot the day, to wit: To extend the aid of the State to the Macon and Brunswick Railroad was read a third time. The report of the Agricultural Com } inittee, which was unanimously in favor of the passage of the hill, was agreed to, and the yeas and nays were called on the passage of the bill, when Dr. Ridley ad dressed the House. He was opposed to the precedent. The bill was unconstitutional. Laws must be j general. If we endorse the bonds of this ! road, it is special legislation. This act i conflicts with private rights. Georgia is !in no condition to lend her credit. She is now carrying on the civil establishment ! on borrowed capital, for the payment of which the W. & A. R. R. is pledged. This l is the only basis of our credit. Taxation of | our impoverished people cannotbe thought j of, while they are crying on all hands for J relief. He intended to vote in such a 1 manner as to keep the credit of the State i inviolate and inviolable. The passage of this measure will ruin the credit of the State. lie had heard, twenty-eight years ago, the same arguments as to the capacities, \ - e., of the harbor of Brunswick ; it was said the building of this road would make Brunswick the New York of the South. If Brunswick is such a port us represented, why is not capital from the North enlisted in this enterprise? If Georgia endorses these bonds, and the road is built, it is not contemplated that the road will ever pay the bonds, but that the State shall ulti mately take possession of and sell the road to Northern capitalists. If Northern capi t dists are to own this road, let them bring their capital here and build it. The wives and children of our deceased soldiers are calling on us for food, raiment and shelter. We say we have not the money. We have not appropriated anything for the educa tion of the masses, and the great argument against it is “we are not able.” Endorse ments are very dangerous to individuals and States. He would rather, if we had the money, build the road and own it— rather than lend our credit. Our bonds now are worth only fifty cents in the dollar in gold. He would not jeopardize the credit of the State by endorsing the bonds of (in v railroad. Will we, with the expe rience and example of North Carolina and Tennessee before us, plunge into this wild scheme? The bonds of these States are worth to-day sixty-five cents in the dollar, not iu gold, but currency , 31 r. Hardeman (.in favor) said he felt he should be at fault—false to the interests of the people, whom he represented, false to the interests of the whole people, false to the prosperity, honor, and glory of the State—ijtd he forego the opportunity of speaking in favor"of this project. The State Road, you say, has given you your credit, enables you now to feed and clothe, your poor. Croakers were found iu the day ot building the State Road, who used the same argument against it. This was State Aid. Was there ever a more childish, ichii.isu ;l argument offered to sensible men. than that this act is unconstitutional. I If this road be a public necessity, will the i State bo safe in aiding it? Never was there a stronger appeal for aid. ; It brings the best ot assets, and asks j not for direct aid. but merely for an cn- I dorse meat. The lands iu Cherokee Geor gia. prior to buiiding the W. & A. Railroad, were not worth $1 per acre—an iucrease in value of the lands of seven mil- ! lions of dollar.- in a few of the counties ■ through which the State Road runs—and may not we expect a like increase in the value of the land; through which the Ma con Brunswick ' r dl run - At lanta, the .reit wonder, is wb.'tli 1u0 , r0 ., t ? the State of Geot gic than it cost tj build the whole road. Bui id the 3laeon A , Brunswick Railroad, and at turn an in crease of SI per acre, there will be an in crease of taxable property of $5,000,000. 1 Added to this, the increase of population will be immense. It is to the interest of the people to have as aian.\ outlet* to the sea as possible. Competition is .the life of trade and ofcommerce. He believed the building of this read would inure to the benefit of Savanuah— ’ as ;ou build up Brunswick, you advance 1 SavaiKvd; —competition and railroad rival ry will iutuc to the benefit of the people. It is to the inter-.*; of the people for the btate to open up markets—as you cheapen transportation you benefit the people, and thereby enable them to grow richer. He looked pt it not alone hi a pecuniary view—he looked at it in a political and com view. Population is what we want, -tutu we sit down supinely aadseeour population dwindling away and our politi es.. importance becoming every day less and less . Open up your lands, invite irn- , migrants, and identify him with your peo ple. Georgia needs muscle, needs capital and energy—with these Georgia will throw off her shackles and again rise in power and importance. V\ ith a proper develop ment of her agricultural, manufacturing and mineral resources, she will ere long be j the greatest State this side of the Potomac. Let us meet and welcome the im migrant and indoctrinate him in our ideas of political economy—and not leave our.-ei'-e- to be dragged at the tri umphal car of Northern hate and radical fanaticism. He argued at some length’ to show the ; immense amount and value of th security offered to the State by the Road seeking aid by this bill —and closed with an earnest and ferven* appeal to the members from Cherokee. Georgia. Mr. Ridley rejoined—reviewing Mr. H.’s arguments, and enlarging his former | propositions. j Air. Moses followed in favor of the bill, and Mr. Harrison, of Chatham in opposi-■ tion to it. The call for the previous question was attempted to be thwarted by a motion to adjourn. The yeas and nays were then called, and resulted in yeas 95 ; nays 54. j I have given a short synopsis of one speech for and one against the bill and would have been pleased to have given all the speakers a hearing, but fear that even what I have written will be overtasking ' your columns. L. C. Friday, November IC, 1800. SENATE. The Senate met at 10 o’clock A. M. Prayer by the Rev. Air. Butler, of the , Senate. The President appointed Messrs. Moore and Redding a Committee, under a resolu tion adopted. to report on the Digest pre ! pared by S. C. Elam, Esq. Air. Butler moved to reconsider his resolution fixing a day for the election of a I'nited States Senator. The motion pre vailed. Bill to increase 100 percent, the fees of I the Jailor of Bald win county. Passed. Bill to amend the charter of the Great Southern Insurance Cos., Py the repeal of the personal liability clause. Passed. A resolution, by Air. Kenan, was adopt ed that the door-keeper should not inter rupt a speaker by the announcement of a message. Bill to change the line of Twiggs and Wilkinson counties Passed ~ Bill to incorporate the Memorial As ioeiation of IU w. Passed. Biil ;o lacilitece the sa»c or *.ea ! estate G« orel i, and cucourago isuuigKtttete Ph t to provide for 'he raising of money by 1 littery P-. - dt- ui a of indigent t-hildr u and -/rphans of ■ Mie Passed. Bid to add the county ot Lowndes to the Brunswick Judicial Cjrcuit. Lost.^ Bill for the pardon of Wise, of Butts county. Lost. Biil to regulate camp-hunting in Irwin county. Passed Bill to repeal that portion of the law which allows persons charged with crime to i he committed in the county where arrested. : Passed. The Senate adjourned. HOUSE. Friday, November 10. Air. Dußose moved to reconsider the bill passed yesterday to aid in the construc tion of the Macon & Brunswick Railroad. Mr. I James spoke in favor of the motion, which, on a call of the ayes and nays, was I lost by a vote of yeas 56, nays 87. Gen. Waddy Thompson will deliver a lecture on the great men of the nation to night, the use of the hall being tendered to him for the purpose. A seat was tendered him on the floor. Two hundred copies of the report of the committee on Public Education was ordered printed. A memorial from the Planters’ Conven tion was presented. Referred. BILLS INTRODUCED. Mr. McLendon: To authorize the Justi ces of the Inferior Courts to prescribe fees of jailors for dieting prisoners. Air. Spear, of Sumpter: To amend the charter of Americus. Air. Aloses: To pay Memorial Associa tion certain moneys tor burying Confeder ate dead at llesaca and other places. Air. Dixon: To change the time of hold ing the Superior Court in ATacon county. Also, to change the lino between Sump ter and Macon. Air. Humphreys: To compel persons to give in and pay tax for freedmen in their employ. Air. Baynes: For relief of securities. Mr. Alorris: To allow Dr. D. O. Osborne to practice medicine arid charge for the same; Air. Thomas : To amend the charter of the Memphis Rail Branch Railroad and Steamboat Company. Air. Roundtree: To change the line be tween Johnson and Emanuel counties. Air. Willingham: For the relief of W. J. Williams. Mr. Green: To allow executors, adminis trators, &c., from other States in certain cases to act as such in this State. Mr. Gurtrcli: Fm- the relief of odi : widows and orphans, and wounded soldi. :>. Mr. Weaver-. To amend the charter of : Cotton Hill Academy. Mr Mai-'k .nu,a; To repeal PAJ-.-il. .-•< Ltion of the Code. Mr. Glenn: For the relief •> he people. Air. Lawson T>> regulate th-.-; ••-.t! of sheriff - salts. \ , i t a .sOiVido regulations) juf certain legal proceedings. Mr. Ridley: To provide for Public Schools. Air. Aloses: To appropriate money to pay for burial of Confederate dead. Baker: To amend the charter of Valdosta. Also, for the relief of George Downing. KILLS ON TIIEIR PASSAGE. To incorporate the Alerehants’ and Plan ters’ Bank of Augusta. Postponed for the present. To locate academy for the Deaf and Dumb. Postponed. For the relief of John Hudson. Lost. Adjourned. L. C. The Steamer Harriet Lane—Her History. A Havana letter says the steamer Harriet Lane is expected to reach Neyv York in a couple of weeks. Her history is curious and interesting. After being captured by the Confeder ates at Galveston, she was sold to Air. House, of Houston, who loaded her with cotton, and she succeeded in reaching Ha vana, where she has remained ever since. Air. House transferred the vessel to a Air. Hurty, at present a clerk in his employ, who in turn executed an unconditional and irrevocable power of attorney to Captain Scott, who claims the vessel, he having executed a bond for SIOO,OOO. Air. House, who has been pardoned by the President, turns over all claims he may have on the Harriet Lane to the United States, and United States naval officers are expected to arrive at Havana to take charge of her, unless Capt. Scott institutes suit on behalf of himself and the parties for whom he is acting, among whom General Alagruder presents a little claim of over $6,000. There will be no further delay in the matter. The amount realized from the i sales of cotton brought by the Hamid Lane, . together with the sum of $25,000 received from the English insurance companies, be ng the amount paid for damages to the ship by fire while lying in the harbor of Havana. The writer says that he was in vited jointly by the Confederate agents and Air. House in the purchase of the steamer Pelican, which will be placed in the hands ' of Alessrs. Alorales k Cos., of Havana, and by them consigned to a New Y ork firm, who will sell the steamer, the proceeds to be divided by the United States and Air. House. These are the remnant3 of the late Con federacy in Cuba. Only half a dozen of cx-Confederaios remaining in Havana are eug-aaed in commercial or mercantile pur suits. Air Lines. Ihe Charleston Xncs does not think much of an air line road from Augusta to Columbia, and expresses great concern for the “unfortunate holders of stocs in the enterprise.' ’ We do not blame our Charles ton cotemporary forthrowmgcold water on the enterprise, because it will, unquestiona bly, divert to Augusta and other points considerable business which has heretofore cone to Charleston. So much for the milk in that coeoanut. At the same time we -hare its sympathy for the “unfortunate stockholders enough to desire the comple tion w’ the road. Os course they, and Au eusta, and afi _ neerned. are unfortunate, i so long as the road i* ..y omplete. Tu-,.- Xt ics says an old gentleman on**—?rked that “ait lines are very good things, hut we eaunoi ..iy <ys ugve them. If we can not lavp an air Euc, jv - oS the ug ly elbows wli** cow mar out railroad ! communication, and iimep; . •>*■“ gusta vote right to-morrow—tee i rill Jo it. \ Mechanical Horse.—The last nor- • pity in the way of locomotion is to be among: the many wonders ol the great Paris exhibition. It consists ol a mechan ical horse, which trots, gallops or wa.ks. as may suit the pleasure Cl the rider, lie even prances, after the most approved style, and neighs when the soun.i is ugree abl# to its possessor. Dr. George Edward Lynch Cotton, Bish op of Calcutta, was recently drowned in > the Ganges, while landing from a steam boat. (fhromcle S- WKILYESMY MORATYG, NOVEMBER^., Augusta and Columbia Railroad. The act of the Legislature, approved February 15, 1856, which coalers the I power upon the City Council of Augusta ' “to subscribe for, hold and dispose of, j stock in any railroad company in or out of * : this .State, leading to or connected with j roads leading to Augusta, provides that j no subscription shall be made in any case, without the previous concurrence of a ! ' majority of the legal voters of said city.” This is, in our judgment, a wise provision. Protecting the rights of all, it does not ; permit the selfishness of individual interest to override the welfare or the community. Presenting an effectual bar to official cor- ! ruption. it furnishes a sufficient check to ivhemes for partizan aggrandisement in an : appeal to the people, thereby making the centre of individual interest the centre ol political influence. It demands that the merits o f the enterprise proposed shall lie ' examined by the legal representatives of the city, hut debars action in the premises, ] without the previous concurrence of a ma | jority of those legally interested ; and this | can only be obtained upon conviction, after ■ a deliberate and candid discussion. Cer j tainly there can be no ‘ ‘ clap-trap' ’ in the j law. I The Alayor and common council of our j city have had under consideration, the ex pediency of aiding in the completion of the Columbia and Augusta Railroad, this aid I having been made necessary by the fortunes 1«f war. Each avenue for trade opened, ; conduces to the prosperity of the city; eve ry machine shop erected encourages the ; skilled mechanic, and forms anew school ■r the apprentice; towns and cities i Railroau centre* \ -n an. the competing • aad di-frihuting poim-s. "orm the centres of' i t SoEe and m.-.enfuelures. The Coiinc. - re ; aveitiiineJ mat a very large number of our vv,, citizens—ilium 1 and worn out by that toolish restrictive policy, which en deavors to dam up the current of the pres ent single channel of trade, are stirring to widen the field and give increased facilities for the energy and enterprise of our mer chants, mechanics, and manufacturers. They have learned that more than a third of the capital stock of this Railroad Com pany has been paid by our people. They now submit, in compliance with law, for decision, by the people, whether or not they shall have authority to aid this enter- prise in the sum of one hundred thousand j dollars! Surely there can be no “clap trap ’ in such -proceedings. The question, as submitted by Council for decision by ballot, if decided in the affirmative, is not mandatory but permis sive. It will not compel Council to sub scribe, but grants it the authority to do so under proper and legal conditions. If the legal voters of the city decide that Council shall have authority to make the subscrip tion for the amount, and upon the terms specified, this does not prevent Council from imposing additional conditions, and doing all that may be requisite for the safety and security of tjie investment, or they may, upon further investigation, find it expedient to withhold the subscription altogether. But a decision in the affirm ative, by giving Council the power to make the subscription, is the initiatory step for negotiating with all parties in interest , and settling upon fair and equitable terms the connection of the roads now in existence, as well as those which may hereafter be built. It is a well known fact that the city of Lou isville, and the Louisville & Nashville Rail road, are building and will complete a Railroad to Knoxville. The time is not far distant when it will be for the interest of the city of Augusta to unite with individuals and corporations in building a Knoxville and Augusta Railroad, fol lowing the valley of the Savannah river to Clayton in Rabun county. It is a fact better known by railroad men and people than by our owr. people that the 'trh-tive policy of the city of Augu-ria, 1 and a selfish policy in Charleston —which : prevents inu, -.ni-cado being extended •he wffflrvPs and int ■ free A&ransVf. tl rough tb< city of Augusta—has dime cry i.- -ii Augusta as a ihor oughl-u--' - ng trade, transporta tion and travel to other sections. This diversion increases year by year. It is es sential, therefore, to remove all impedi ments and hindrances as speedily as pos sible, It is objected that the city is already burthened with debt —and that city taxes are already too onerous. To increase this debt a-nd this taxation is, it is maintained, ruinous folly. This argument is more specious than solid. An increase of taxa tion for such purposes as will not only bring increased means for paying taxes, but give the tax payers a profit besides, is a benefit, not a burthen. It is only that taxation, the revenues from which are consumed by expenses or waste that can become onerous. A merchant never cares about an increase of rent while liis trade increases ; nor docs the me chanic care for an increase of his taxes when itbrings an increase in a demand for hit, labor, and corresponding remuner ation. If the completion of this Road will add but one hundred thousand dollars to the trade of Augusta, it will do more than pay the interest on the sum proposed to be subscribed. Now, we feel quite sure that this road under proper management, will do far more than this; because its influence will reach Wilmington oil the one hand and Charlotte, N. C., on the other—a vast area of rich territory. Wo hope then, our citizens will go en masse to the polls and give Council the au thority asked for, and thereby initiate that policy which is iu accordance with the spirit of the age, and which will bring prosperity, so surely as it has done throughout the North and West. We say nothing about the conditions of the subscription, but we propose to do so at the proper time. Cold in the Treasury. Alluding to the fact, as stated by a Vi ashington dispatch, that there were $100,000,000 of gold in the Treasury on the Ist inst., a New York paper says that we have in the Treasury alone, indepen dent of the specie in the banks and in pri vate hands $30,000,000 more in gold than the Bank or England holds—the ordinary reserve ot that bank being £14,000,000 or $70,000,000. All the circulation us bank notes—all the exchange business —the cred it of the government, and all the paper representatives of value are based upon this. We are, therefore, better able to pay specie for our current paper obligations than England or any other great nation in Europe. It does not follow that it would be wise policy to enter hastily upon the re sumption of specie payments. Such a sudden snap upon the string of public and private credits would be very fatal to the business interests of the country —placing us, in a large measure at the mercy of foreign capitalists, who hold, or could con trol enough of our liabilities to speedily consume our stake of treasure. In this connection it is stated that $34,000,000 of gold now being let out to pay the interest on th* Five Twenty bonds and this amount j thrown into circulation is telling upon the i prico ot gold, an l lessening the gap which [ divides our currency from a gold value. A Coneession. —Gov. Brownlow says, in his message, that there are large num- I bers of negroes and Federal soldiers in the penitentiary, convicted of crime by Rebel jurors, Viho ought to be pardoned. He thinks they did net st et justice, because they are negroes or soldiers.' it is a little swange that in the passion which rages in the F.ai.'L dii'ricts of East Tennessee, | trhere the juries metn-. have been Union j men. that no Confederates - *"••-•** l?on ' rioted. Indeed a 'Tecscsco® paper int-rms us that it does not know a (Wederatc sob clier who has been even indicted for one or the crimes which have made the ru;e oi BrownlawLui in that Stateinfamous. This shows who the good citizens are. Ihe best evidence of tLa isw-abiding and peaceable character of the late Confederates in Ten nessee, is that they tolerate the whelps vao now control the civil affairs of the State. The Stamp oil Deeds. Calhoun, Gordon county. On., 1 N . -ml -i- -. ; ■ . Editors Chronicle d' -S atinel: flit is reported here that all lands sold and j deeded after some time in 1- -2. must have the deeds stamped before the Ist of Janua ry, 1847, otherwise tiio deed < will be null and void, and that the do as may oe stamped in presence of ihe Clerk oi the Court. Which Court? You will confer a great favor on this community bv publishing fil'd particulars about the matter, as many persons will be effected by it. Many persons bought lauds ■or Confederate money, at from five to ten times their prcst-i. - or former value. Will the deeds have ,o be stamped according; to the amount stated in them or according to their value in pro.-ont currency ? We sup pose vouhave facilities for getting the de sired information. Very truly yours, E. Humphreys. ! Iu reply to the above inquiries, wA; are officially informed that the stamp on deeds for property purchased with Confederate money, must be according to the standard * of national currency, not cold, on the day or month in which the deed was given. For the convenience of those interested, we here present a statement of the value* 1 of Confederate money in national currency every month from September, 1862, until the close of ihe war, kindly furnished us from the office of the Assessor of Internal Revenue in this city. To reduce the Confederate Treasury notes to their equal value in lawful money of the United States, divide the amount cf Con federate notes by the numbers given for the mouth and year : month. 1862. 1863. I >64. ]>6s. January, 2.00 13.50 26.90 February, ’ 2.19 13.79 25.20 Alarch, 2.93 14.57 34.90 April, ! ."..23 12.33 May, | 3.87 10.65 June, 4.85- 8.12 July, " 6.89 7.79 August, 10.53 8.85 Sep omh'w. 2’9 9.71 10.56 October !. • 9.u7 12. St) 2. 9 ■ • 12. V. , December, _ H.oO U.. 20 A circa r if. linu in M.rj 1 -a -t vv •• th • .. 6 ; executed and delivered prior to OetoK.a U 862—41)0 late when the Rc-enu Act took .12 .-i- -are not chaiAcabie with ! stamp dutbs, though they may haye been recorded afterwards. The Drorisions referring to the penalty of failure h affix the proper stamps subse quent to October, 1862, are met in Geor gia by th>- following clause of the act of July 13, 1860, which applies to all deeds executed before district were ap pointed : And provided further, That in all cases where the party has not allixed the stamp | required by law upon any instrument made, signed, or issued, at a time when ] and at 4 place where no collection district I was established, it shall be lawful for him I or them, or any party having an Interest | therein, to affix the proper stamp thereto, ■ or iftheoriginal lie lost, to a copy thereof; j and th« instrument or copy to which the proper stamp has been thus affixed prior Ito .the first day of January one thouKud eight hundred and sixty seven, 'and the record thereof, shall lie as talid. to all intents and purpos es, as ;fstamped by the collector in the manner,-lerein before provided; but no right acquirefoin good faith before the stamping of such instrument or copy thereof, and the recording thereof as herein provided, if such roord be required by law, shall in any mainer be affected by sueli stamping as aforesaid. The alove we believe conveys the infor mation desired by our correspondent. It may be proper to add, in this connection,. the following regulations in reference to the stanr; i act, and the penalties for its violation, which we find in a circular is sued by Commissioner Rollins in Alarch last. These penalties, it will be seen from the above extract from the act of J uly lust, do not apply to instruments executed when and where there were no Revenue offices established: If any instrument subject to stamp duty was issued after October I, 1862, and prior to August 1, 1801, unstamped, or insuffi ciently stamped, the appropriate stamp may be aflixfed in the presence of the Court, Register, or Recorder, before whom the deed was executed. Any instrument issued since August 1, 1864, unstamped or Insufficiently, stamped, may be stamped by the Collector upon payment for the proper stamp, and of a penalty of fifty dollars; and where the amount of the stamp duty exceeds fifty dollars, on payment also of interest on said duty at the rate of six percent, from the day oil which the stamp should have been ' • if - nt is presented to the Cl - -tvi-r.ii.-iu-.ii- month-from ' it-> issue, t%; Oplteetor i“ authorized to re mit tie ;■ r.- .li- provided it. shsU! appear t > bis siitSsla-'.i!<n>H-.i-r itui v-nisslA '*• ■■ any it was by rites'.;' of accident, mistake, in -i t ioo, i.'i r it- necessity, j out willful and. ■ gu io evade or delay tlm payment of s- . . up duty. . isented with in twelve calendar months, the penalty and interest must bo paid to the Collector be forehe can render it valid by ulUxing the appropriate stamp, without regard to the cause of the omission to stamp it at the time of its issue. The Commissioner has no power to remit this penalty. Deputy Collectors, unless acting as Col lectors, have no authority to utlix stamps or remit penalties. Southerners AI owed to Vote in the Sorthcrn States. A novel and interesting question relating to the exercise, of suffrage in the Northern States, has just been adjudicated in the Supreme Court at Brooklyn, New York. A Air. Wheeler, an ex-Confederatc sur geon, who located in New York city since •the war, attempted to vote at a recent election in that city, but his ballot was rejected on the ground that he was disfranchised by reason of having borne arms against the Government of the Uni ted States. The decision rendered in the Court by Judge Gilbert affirms the right of Air. Wheeler to vote, and distinctly pronounces that lie has not been disfran chised. This decision discloses the singu lar fact that the men it is proposed to dis franchise in the South can, by removing to a Northern State and remaining the re quired time, exercise the right of suffrage. In the South they are “rebels,” and un worthy to be trusted with suffrage ; Ijiit if they go North they are good patriots and proper voters. Judge Gilbert, in his de cision. says: “The inclination in my mind is very strong towards his disfranchisement, but I cannot find any authority to do so. The fact of his having been a rebel, the war being over, and he being no longer in arms against the Government, so far as I can discover,has deprived him of no right or immunity whatever. It has only subjected him to punishment for treason.” W e do not know the political opinions of Judge Gilbert, but it is fair to presume from the phraseology of the above extract, that lie is-a Republican, if not a Radical. In thus deciding according to law, and dis carding partisan considerations and influ ences, he has set a good example to Con gress, which at its last session moved .in precisely an opposite direction, regardless of the Constitution as expounded bv the Supreme Court of New Yorjc. The Associated Press. The Charleston A'ews, in referring to the affairs of the Associated Press, says it hardly knows whether Air. Craig or the Associated Press is furnishing the tele graphic news. We have been under the impression that Air. Craig was merely acting as agent for the Associated Press, and that hi.- ceasing to be the agent in New York, in no •way changes the relations of the South ern Press to the Association, until such change is effected by the action of the Executive Committee or Directors. We understand that Air. Walsh, the Agent of the Associated Press Soutk, continues to act for the Association, and will furnish the dispatches as heretofore, under their direction and control. Air. Craig’s rela tion to the Association appears not to have been fully understood at first; and others, as well the Hews, were in some doubt about the effect of hi3 resignation of dismissal. We are assured that the efficiency of the Association will be in no way impaired by the appointment of hi - successor. If it is found, however, that Air. Craig- offers better facilities to the press than are afforded by the Association, they will avail themselves of 1 his new organization. We agree with the Lews, in thinking that if ail the Southern dailies would unite ia a meeting, sav to be called by our friend Clark, of the Moodc nldvertis-r. President of the Southern Press Associa tion, good remedies might be made, and oqt {ss*>• placed upon a more indepen dent and' sKVagtrt.ec ? basis than .they ; now occupy. At last accounts Juarez was at Chihua hua with his ministers and eight hundred ! troops. He is as dead broke as the Impe rialists. Juarez is living on forced loan, and confiscations, and waiting lor a loan, said to be promised him by the United States. Liberal Generals and lawyers favor Ortega. INDSTINCT print. THE RAILROAD TO 10LI MBI A. [ Me have manifested a deejf interest in the sub-ofiption of sriOq.OGO to tbo stock { of this railroad company, because we be- J lieve that its. early completion will be of i the highest importance to the interest of oar eii} - . W e ducm it proper to review | some of the a Ivaiffagt-s which must result, from the completion of this road. The great through travel North and South will ; not submit to the awkward angles and eir cuitous curves which now mark the rail road routes between Richmond and New Orleans. Time is money, and millions will be saved by straightening the great popular thoroughiare between the Mississippi and the Potomac. It will be done —if we fail . to do our part of it by the early com pie- ! tion of the Columbia Bead, and the Road to Macon, other* lines will be pushed through, and we shall lose tlie through travel, the through mails, and all the at tendant advantages. Norfolk is stretching cut her arms for the trade of the West, and strong induce ments are held out to attract the business of Tennessee, North Alabama, and Jfyrth Georgia over the Tennessee line to Nor folk. The existing roads propose to compete with the Tennessee line, and the comple tion of the road to Columbia would save 60 miles in distance, and render such com petition easier and more effective. The road to Columbia passes through a healthy and -desirable farming country' whose productiveness will bo greatly en hanced by this outlet to market. This country will trade chiefly with Augusta. The proposed location of the work-shops of the road, or of a portion of them, in this city, will furnish employment for hundreds of mechanics —and.numerous lucrative po sitions in comleet: n with the road will be open or those dc airing such situations. 1 will g«ve Augusta a<- *s to the woeu •• a- 1 ’ v dfeiiohi. uvd efoy.j / -he pried" f that commodity!!—thus directly lessening the current, ev; .-uses of every family in the It will open communication with the sa lubrious hills bf Edgefield, where our peo ple may establish market farms, or erect suburban residences —thus saving high rents and securing a home in one of the healthiest belts of country in the world. It will enhance all the interests of the city; and therefore all interested in the growth and progress of the city are directly concerned in the completion of the road. Forming a part of a great through cen tral line, it cannot fail to be paying stock ; and, therefore, instead of increasing the liabilities of the city, will, besides adding to its business, become a valued and profit able investment. SPECIAL MESSAGE, From liis Excellency, tlie Governor, to the General Assembly. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, ) Milledgeville, 12th Nov., 1860. j Senators and Representatives : I transmit to you herewith, the report of the Commissioners appointed under a reso lution adopted at your last session, “to examine and report upon the propriety of removing the present Penitentiary, and locating it elsewhere, or of establishing an additional one.” I am constrained to say, that I do not concur in some of the views presented by them, though it is not without distrust of the correctness of my own opinion, that 1 venture to differ from gentlemen of such unquestionable ability. First. In the event of the establishment of a Penitentiary at some other locality, which 1 think altogether expedient, Ido not approve the proposition to abandon the present one altogether. If this bo done, there will doubtless be an almost total sa crifice of the investment in the grounds and buildings now appropriated to that ob ject. For that purpose, it is very valuable property; for any other, it would bo near ly valueless. It should not, at this time, be regarded as in a dilapidated condition. At a_ trifling expense, the only portion of* the improvements which now wears the aspect of a ruin, could be put in thorough - repair. If.it be retained and used as here . tofore, the cost of building anew one else where will be very much lessened. Agreeing with the Commissioners in the opinion that white and colored convicts should be kept and ..- .i S< paiatelv, I sug.r-4 tin.r f his .ii.jvvi be mam thoroughly a. tained > ' * -'taro pri a--, at, oil s. re, Guv, .lies, ihe quarrying if grau’t* . nub;* )h wttemfe- s*y thrciML ’ •c -.»•••!•-.eii.ie i iii the report, might be ad t sn-..-u.-eoiisly don -b\ • ■i convicts, in other mploym* nt might ’\- or -c.utt-h. Again, i must dissent from the propriety of dispensing altogether with employment in tbo mechanic arts in this institution. I yield to no one in appreciation of those arts, or in respect for those who worthily pursue them, but I do not perceive that they will be degraded by having their liandicrait taught to or practiced by con victs. Similarity of occupation does not by any means, necessitate social intercourse, or imply social equality. If mechanical pursuits are degraded by the engagement in them of discharged convicts, so must any and all other pur suits ; arid the question then arises, what are such persons to do ? Docs the master carpenter or master mason who employs a discharged convict, and who daily super intends and controls his labor, sink to his level? If so, then the planter who may employ him to till his lands or tend his Hocks and herds, would do likewise. The same reasoning might be applied to any other branch of industry, and the same policy extended would lead to no employ ment during the term of imprisonment, and no adaptation to employment of any kind when it shall have ended. Better far at once imprison them for life, or even take away that file, than so to shape your legislation as to discourage their future en gagement in respectable employment. It is urged with great force, that our mineral resources require development, and the suggestion is, that convict labor be employed for that purpose ; but if the rea soning of tlie report in regard to (he me chanic arts be applied to this branch of in dustry it would seem that tlie adoption ofthe policy recommended would at once render infamous the business of mining and quar rying, which are admitted to be important and worthy of encouragement. If a Penitentiary were established else where, adapted to the safe keeping and comfortable accommodation of persons of color, and with a view to the quarrying and dressing of mineral substances, it will be very easy, should future experience render it advisable, to enlarge the new and aban don the old establishment. Then, too, the times may he more propitious to the sale of the latter. For the present, I recom mend the retention and continued use of it. upon tiie plan heretofore pursued. If it be asked, why select the mechanic arts for their instruction and employment, the answer is ready, it is, that they are emi nently fitted to be prosecuted within a small area, which may bo easily and se curely walled in. Ia irree with the Commissioners, that there are subjects of punishment extremely vicious and obdurate, to whom solitary confinement without labor, and complete isolation, would be more terrible and more efficacious. In such eases, it would also secure the great desideratum of preventing their evil influence upon others. These cas... are probably rare, but the wise and humane exercise of discretion % your Judges, would probably avoid its too fre quent infliction. Without enlarging fur tiler, I think you will find in the report useful suggestions, the adoption of which wop id improve the system. I also transmit herewith, copies of the reports ofthe Trustees ofthe Academy for the Bond, and of Messrs. Washington Poe, James Jackson, and James T. Ni/bet, ap pointed under a resolution adopted at your test session to examine and report upon a digest of the Reports of the Supreme Court prepared by A. O. Bacon, Esq. I call the attention ot the General As sembly to the Wilts, accounts, vouchers and Confederate Treasury Notes, returned t°„ this Department by Colonel Jared I. A hitakc-r. Commissary General of the gtate durin'/ the late war. It will be seen r fy reference to the report of Messrs. Saf f'i'J. Lochrane and Jordan, appointed by tue Convention of 1865, a committee to in* vestij/ate the financial affairs of the State, that Colonel hitaker’s books and accounts were rigidly examined by them, and found to be clear and correct. Indeed, the ex h;‘ it made by him elicited their decided i commendation, which I doubt not was well merited. During your recess, Colonel \* hitaker sent to this Department sundry boxc-s, said to contain those books, papers itnd Confederate Treasury Notes. The financial committee recommended that the nooks and papers be filed away. I pre sume, from your past action, it will be your pleasure to order the Treasury Notes There arc- returned by Colonel *> uitaker, as now in Atlanta under his control, certain articles of property belong- J.r.= - tottia which should L-e sold.— i ... W.-k, a secretary, a table, two huge iron , •sues, a trunk, etc. There is also a balance due for office rent and other incidental ex - T submit thd entire matter for , y our a iin'm and recoin menu that provision W made for the safe of this property and payment of properly authenticated 'de mands tor rent, etc. Colonel Whitaker is euth.ed to have this whole business closed and to a final .acquittance and discharge. Charles J. Jenkins. REMOVAL OF THE PENITENTIARY. ; REPORT OF Til IDA LMMISSIONGRS. Milledgeville, Nov. 2. IM)6. •! To ISs Excellency, (dairies J. Jenkins, Governor , Jv. .- SIR: In discharge of our duty as com missioners “to examine and report upon the propriety of mm vine the present •* emcentiary and locating it elsewhere, or ! of establishing an additional one,” we. submit the following report: Itp discussing tiie question of a proper : location for a Penitentiary, we propose : first to present succinctly the considera tions which, in our judgment, should eon- j troi the decision. We wjjl then subject the 1 points which have been indicated as suita- . ble locations to the practic and test of these i , considerations. Ist.. The almost universal practice of in i strutting convicts in the various mechani cal trades has irroused a deep feeling with ; that portion of the people in every section of the country. In our own State, we know that it exists to a very great extent, I though it lias not been mr untested in any ; very marked demonstration. The idea that | every man convicted of an infamous offence j is to be instructed in the me .‘hnnical i trades is offensive to the just pride of that worthy and estimable portion of our-com munity. They feel that the uaturcl effect i is to degrade -their vocation, by turning out • from the wails of the Penitentiary the worst characters as rivals and a seriates in ; their business. We are free to say, that the appeal which comes from our mechan ics against this practice is, in our judgment, j well founded, and should be responded to i in our legislation to the utmost extent com patible with the public interest. If the objection had any force heretofore, it is far more deserving of consideration now, when ; our Penitentiary has the prospect of being I filled .to overflowing with the very worst portion of the negro population. We can j not expect our respectable citizens to put : their sous at a trade, when the State is ed ucating the most iiifaiuotfs characters in the same trade, to compete and associate with them in the pursuit of their daily oc .-upation. It is time therefore, that this > in.ft, hould i-i- s ore seriously considered : than it ha.» bm fo-ietofo: -, uuJ it would |be well for own Bt-au-, v.-ben called up • on to provide a: w a Penitentiary. system ; to show it- appro Stior: of the t: -V ideal pursuits by inaugurating a radical change m the s\ stem. If the practice cannot bo wholly abandoned, winch we would prefer, there can at least be such a reform as would greatly relieve the difficulty, and open the way for its final extinction. 2d. In providing a Penitentiary system for the new order of things, we consider it I not only important, but vital, that the ; white and the negro convicts should be ! kept separate and apart from each other, i Whilst the same punishment should be in j flicted on both for the same offence—and ! in this respect we would recommend no ! change—yet, we would present and urge ! upon the Legislature, under no circumstan | ces, to recognize social equality between the | two races —not even with felons. Let the i murderer and the thief be punished alike ] without reference to color, but let their as | sociation be alone with those of their own race and color. To carry out t lis recom mendation, it .is not necessary to have two Penitentiaries: it is only necessary that there should be such arrangements and divisions as will keep the two classes sepa rate from each other. The fact that both are under the same management and con trol would insure a similarity and uniform ity in treatment, which is objectionable; for we do not propose to discriminate in punishment between the two races: our only purpose is, to repudiate the idea of social equality in any shape or form, or un der any circumstances. 3d. The nextdivision is, ofthe two sexes. This is so manifestly proper and necessary that we offer no argument in support of the recommendation. 4th. Another division of equal importance grows out. ofthe different, character of offen ces for which persons are subjected to Pen itentiary imprisonment. All convicts of the same color, convicted of infamous offences, with the exceptions herein made, may properly be kept and worked together; but there is no reason or justice in putting men convicted of offences not infamous in association with this degraded class. We know of no good that can result from such association, whilst the bad effect upon the latter class is too manifest to be overlooked. If you cannot make men better by sending them to the Penitentiary, at least avoid making them worse sth. To the extent that it is practicable, the young should be separated from the old offenders. The theory of the Penitentiary system contemplates reform as one of tlie great objects to be accomplished. We do not stop to inquire how far this desirable object has been accomplished in the past history of these institutions,* but are satis fied that the'work of reform will pregross l.verj slowly with the young convicts, who i j have been tempted in their youth into the [path ot tin transgressor, by ibjceting j Ivlin :Ti> hardened criminals whdotoWiF our ’ Penitentiaries. An effort should be made t<- reclaim these youthful offenders; but no effort will avail unless they can be kept separate and apart during their confine ment from the class to which we have re ferred. 6th. It appears, from the report made to us by the officers of the Penitentiary, that, on the 21st day of May, ISOS, there were four convicts in the Penitentiary, and that, on the 12th day of September, 1866, the number had increased to one hundred and seventy-seven. From the proportion of negro convicts, it is very manifest that the new order of things will result in a far greater _ number of convicts being sent to the "Penitentiary hereafter than have ever been there before. To provide for this in crease, it becomes necessary to enlarge the accommodations very considerably beyond the capacity of the present one located at Milledgeville, which makes it necessary to consider the question of expense and outlay required for this purpose. 7th. Another—and, in our opinion, very important—consideration connected with the location of a Penitentiary has reference to a development of the resources of the State —mineral and others. If this insti tution —an incubus, .at best, upon the State —can be made' useful in developing its great resources as v;a believe them to exist, it would commend it more to the favor ofthe people than any consideration that can bo advanced from its past history, or any promise it- may hold out in the future from its ordinary operations. When we come to discuss the question directly, we propose to present some views in this connection not unworthy of the considera tion of the Legislature. Bth. The expense of making the im provements rendered necessary by the existing state of things, as vveii as the ex pense of keeping it up, are considerations which should not be overlooked. We state frankly, however, as our well-settled opinion, that tlie policy of making the Penitentiary a paying, or even a seif-sus taining institution, should be held subordi nate to tbe other considerations which we have presented in this report. Better, by far, that tlie whole expense ol' maintaining the institution should fall upon the Trea sury than that we should disregard the more important interests to which we have referred ; and it is in this view of the sub ject we shall discuss the relative claims of different localities. Tiie first question for our consideration involves the propriety of having more than one Penitentiary. After considering all the reasons which have occurred to our minds, as well as such as have been sug gested by others, we are of opinion, and so recommend, that there should be but one. Many of the reasons upon which this opinion is founded will be found in other portions of this report, and need not be specially set forth at this point. Let it suffice to say, that the objects proposed to be effected by having two, it will be seen, can be accomplished with one. Asa mat ter of economy, one set of officers can superintend the whole system, though divided, as we recommend elsewhere, into separate apartments. Similarity of treat ment and uniformity in mode of punish ment will be more certainly insured, which we deem important. We proceed to apply the tests which we have briefly enumerated to tbo localities which have been indicated as proper places for locating the Penitentiary. The fact that the present Penitentiary is located at Milledgeville naturally suggests that point as the one fir.-t to be considered. — With some the idea seems to exist that the capital of (he State is the proper place for the locati the 1 that it affords an opportunity, during the session of tlie Legislature, for a more minute examination into its condition and j operatipn. we see no reason for such an opinion ; 'and as experience has shown that j : : ml rs rarel.-. if ever, to any extent a van themselves of the opportunity, we dismiss the reason as without any real foundation. Like all other public institution?, it must be l it to such examination and inspection a* may be provided for through commit tees of tbe Legislature and officers of the j Executive. The fact that the Penitentiary j is now located at Milledgeville, and lias ac- j c- nnmodations for a limited number of con | viets, presents theoniy consideration which | has occurred to our minds in favor ofothat j location. If the present accommodations j would answer the growing wants cf - the i State, we should _ perhaps hesitate to ! recommend an additional expenditure of ' the public money to erect another Peniten- j tiury at a time when the financial coudi ! tion ofthe State would seem to call for the j greatest economy. But the limited ca p, .i v ' if the present Penitentiary, and its I utter uniurmbKaios* »«nr «*./ ot!-- • kind of ■ labor except tlie mechanical trades, render 1 a change not only right and proper, but ( almost indispensable. It only i;equires one to look at tlie reasons and considerations which we have presented as practical to t.> in the selection ’of a proper location, to sec that Milledgeville possesses none Os them. To retain the Penitentiary there, L to decide that convicts should be kept at work at tli - trades which have been usually taught there. To this the objections here tofore presented arc insuperable, but, even if this were not so, the number of convicts that may to reasonably looked for would render their present employment in the present Penitentiary impracticable. The time has arrived whan the question must be met, decided and acted upon for a more permanent and suitable location of a Penitentiary. In the event.of a change , trom Milledgeville, public opinion, with unusual unanimity, has indicated the Stone Mountain as a proper location. After i a full and impartial examination of all the | points suggested, and giving to tie reasons in favor of other points which have been urged upon our consideration their fuil j weight, we have concluded to recommend this locality as in our opinion the most suitable and proper one that can be select ed. We present briefly tlie reasons upon which our opinion is formed : Ist. The materials for constructing the necessary walls and buildings are here fur nished in the inexhaustible stone quarries of this vicinity. 2d. The convicts can be made to do most of the work, thus greatly reducing the ex pense which must otherwise be incurred in preparing a Penitentiary upon the expen sive scale which the necessities of the State call for, and which must in some short pe | riod of time be provided. 3d. These quarries will furnish work ; for the convicts for all time to come, and . they will thus be withdrawn from all other mechanical trades —a result most desirable in every point of view. The great body of the convicts would be kept busy at the mere manual or rough work, reducing those engaged in the finishing department as well as those engaged in making and re pairing the necessary tools to a very limit ed number, or dispeps ng with convict la bor entirely in these respects, except with sueh convicts as are there for other than infamous crimes. Mechanics might be employed for these purposes. In this just response to tliecompluintsof ourmechanics i i on this subject, already discussed, our j ! State would find ample compensation for , the loss jf inx- -. ■ln an ’ t i- d-'ffi u!t to estimate the extent to which these quar | ries might be wor ed uuder'the proposed . plan - the pr.t, • of si;--, : so much 1 ! reduced as greatly to increase its consump i tion The forUti being satisfied worn very | 'low prices, and the railroads furnishing , I transportation during the portion of dm year, when not engaged in v-u.iiug produce of the country to market and transporting the return cargoes, would af ford to our cities and towns on - the line of railroad the opportunity of using stone for building and other purposes at reasonable, and, indeed, tempting prices, the central location at the Stone Mountain being pe culiarly lit and appropriate in this respect. We do not refer at length to tiie various purposes for which stone may be used, leaving results in this regard to the de velopments which time and occasion may. produce. The field of operation would be sufficiently extensive tor all practical pur porses if confined to buildings, fences, macadamizing streets, roads, etc., The great advantage of this location ovcrLitlio nia, and ail otherstone quarries in the State, arises not only from its inexhaustible char acter, but from the fact that the stone is of a superior quality 7, more easily and eco nomically Worked than any other. This is owing to the peculiar quality ofthe stone, well known to and appreciated by the prac tical stone mason. 4th. This section of country through which the Western & Alantic Railroad runs is known to be abundant in mineral and other resources, to the development of which we propose to make the Penitentiary, located at Stone Mountain, a valuable auxiliary. This road is owned by tlie State, therefore subject to its absolute con trol, and operations upon it can be .carried on at comparatively small expense. A convict train, with cars constructed for the purpose, could be run upon the road for the purpose of working the couvicts for limited periods at different points, confin ing them during the night on the train and working them during the day along tl e line ofthe road, in the iron, copper, mar ble and slate mines which abound there. The single development of the lime to be found in that country would compensate the State for the enterprise. Lime might be manufactured in such abundance and at such low price as would justify its use as a fertilizer to an extent never before contem plated in our State, the benefits of which cannot be -now estimated. In this con nection, we desire to call attention to the slate quarries, located near Vanwert, Polk county, embracing a know area of ninety acres. A company w 7 as organized during the war to work (hose quarries, and from the success which attended their effort we are impressed with the idea that they have before them a fair prospect of ultimate sue- ! cess.- We are induced to make this spe- j cial reference to this enterprise, by the fact we learn from some of the parties of tb< desire to arrant *- for lh employment of • cot iv id la I -j,- in;!!; ii,, a ..v • A r,'i Th-‘ great difi.f tit - fhry ha’ * , vi ed since the el- i ofthe war grows at of the expense of labor, which, iu'lk judg ment, could be remedied by thi euq.l ■;> ment of dm cheap convict iaboi under the control of the State. • We propose in this report simply to in dicate, not to enlarge upon these points, feeling that our duty is performed when we bring these matters to the attention of the Legislature, whose experience and wis dom will readily enable them to appreciate the suggestion. sth. The location at tlie Stone Moun tain is convenient to the section of country from which provisions arc to be had, and the railroad owned by the State penetrating that section will enable the State to trans post these provisions to the Penitentiary at very small cost. Whilst we have indicated the Stone Mountain as the proper location for the Penitentiary, and given our reasons at some length for that opinion, we deem it our duty fairly to place before the Legis lature such considerations as point to a different location, and which in our judg ment are worthy of attention. It cannot be questioned that a location on the line of the Western & Atlantic Railroad would possess decided advantages over any oilier location in many respects : Ist. The. fact that; this road is owned by the State, subject alone to its control, would furnish a strong reason in favor of such selection. All questions of transpor tation to and from the Penitentiary would be free from contest or embarrassment, which would not be the case when the State had to deal with a private corpora tion. The control of charges and move ments of freight would ensure prompt de livery and shipments to and from the Penitentiary at a cost of transportation to be fixed by the State, and, in the deter mining of which, the State would be desir ous of looking, not merely to the question of revenue to the road, but to ail the vari ed interests involved in the development of its resources. At this point it is not out of place to suggest that, in the event of a location upon any other road, it would be right and proper for il;o State to take the precaution of providing in advance against troubles of this character. 2d. Such location would, to some c-x tent, increase both the travel and freight upon the road, thus increasing tlie revenue which the Stats derives from this source. 3d. Supplies, and indeed all other ar ticles needed at the Penitentiary, would be transported free of cost. This is particu larly the cas ■in referent<: to provisions, a the location would be in tiie immediate vicinity from which the supplies would be drawn, and that, too, at the lowest prices. 4th. It is worthy of serious considera tion, how far convict labor can be employ ed in doing the work on the road, for | which large sums are now paid out annu ally to hired labor. We are not prepared to estimate the advantages in this re-pect, but with a central location along the line of the road, we incline to the opinion that it might be made an item of considerable saving to the State. stn. The advantages of such location, in view ofthe proposed policy of using convict labor for tbe development of the mineral and other resources of that s-.-tion. are manifest. The proximitj ofthe Peni tentiary to the localities where these re sources are to bo examined and worked, would be an important item in the Success of the enterprise. Being impressed with these considera tions in favor of a location on the line of the State Road, wo have examined the points which seemed to possess the great est advantages. Ist. There is the Etowah Iron Works, 1 which is now offered for sale : it is a large ! and extensive property, embracing twelve or fifteen thousand acres of land, well tim bered, and with great mineral resources, j and, as we are informed, can be.purchased 1 at a reasonable price. Ofthe water pow er. it is only necessary to say, it is without limit. 2d. At Crawford's Station, on “Two Itun ’’ Creek, a very eligible site can be had immediately on the railroad, with abundant supply of good water lor ail pur poses. An efficient lime kiln is in success ful operation very near, and good limestone very abundant. The tract of land upon which the location could be made is well timbered, and presenting in every re j ect very decided advantages. The nece-.sny stone for building purposes could be had at this locality. 3d. A site at Howard's place, near Kingston, possesses ail the advantages to be derived from its central jxwitior- and immediate location on the line of the road, j Its principal value, in our judgment, is de rived from the lime quarry, which is of the best kind, and abundant. There are. how- j e ver, besides, a stone quarry, from which building mating! could be had lor the srec* t ion of the necessary buildings; but this | quarry doss not compqrc wuj» the • ue at .Stone Mountain for general use. If it di< 1, there would be no question cl the propriety I of this location. '.I jiere is alto a marine quarry, of which we cannot speak very j confidently, though we were well impress ed with the specimens exhibited to lie i Next to the lime quarry, we regard the' hydraulic time and pure «ment store irtstumii:.!* it* ju-eat aim; Jd®* tht:: ■ - -m-m.it-.-i to ns in rc \ -■■■mi. : mu a 1 Pat they I'* the highest value. 'J he water advantage would answer for the ordinary requirements ofthe Penitentiary, but do not equal tuose at Crawford’s Ration or q, her poim s. I here would be no difficulty ■ 1 —y In the examination we have made ofthe various localities alluded to in this report, SCve have not omitted to inquire intoWhe pnees at which they could be purchased. M e deem it unadvisable, however farther on that point than to express the opinion that any of them can be had on reasonable terms leaving it with those who may be entrusted with the ultimate loca tion, to agree upon the terms of sale. We are aware that the resolution of the Legis lature, under which our appointment was made, provides that we should ascertain upon what terms the location that we re commend could be purchased; still we think it best to leave that matter for the action and decision of others, as already suggested, with the single remark, that it i can be obtained.on reasonable terms. . Iho tneory of a Penitentiary contem ! plates two principal objects to bo accom ! plished—the reform and the punishment jof the criminal. If the history of these in stitutions lias furnished any satisfactory 1 results in the work of reform, we are not | advised of them. From the best lights j within our reach, we regard the system in j Mils respect an unqualified failure : stub, ; certainly, has been the ease with our Peni tentiary. \\ ith the changes and improve ments suggested in this report, the' hope may be indulged, that hereafter the coll ects may be turned out no worse men than when they were received, which can not be sail to have been the case in the past. This will be some progress in the right direction, and it’ anything better comes of it, we can be thankful for it- The punishment of criminals is at last the important consideration, looking to the protection and good of society. In this view of tiie 7 -f, v- .hint tho i- groat room for improvement iu our Peniten tiary system. Labor in the Puiiiro-nuary qs a.relief, and net n t-uiushmoni, ,ml we >!iAG bot unit it wouiii lx* good to provide tot a -nove e:w- tided svDi tu v’fo J ary confinement for th- 8,1, 0 inf»’> ' - - Tiiis w-.ulJ J the leiorii a ten we nave so earnestly re commende ■ on tlie subject ofthe mechani cal trades, as it would reduce the number of those for whom employin-. nt should be provided, at the same time it would do what is now not done, furnish in soli'ary confinement punishment adequate to the offense ofliardened and infamous charac ters. It is impracticable to have a proper Penitentiary system when the main object in the eye ofthe Legislature is the expense to be avoided and the profits to lie realized j from it. If the system is to be kept up, I of which wo express no opinion, the Leg ; islature and people must make up their ; minds to regard the question of expense as secondary and subordinate to other and more important considerations, in the successful accomplishment of the objects to which those other considerations look, we will find ample compensation for the expense which must nesessarily be incur red in making the Penitentiary what it ought to be, a place for the punishment of crime, and relieving it from what it ought not to be, and eye-sore to our worthy and respectable mechanics. It the views presented in this report meet the approval ofthe Legislature, and it is determined to erect a Penitentiary up on the basis we have indicated, we would recommend that an appropriation of not less than one hundred and fifty thousand dollars be made for that purpose. This would prevent unnecessary delay in the final location, and would enable the Com missioners to he appointed to make the purchase and enter at once upon tiie erec tion of the necessary buildings and other ■improvements. Weave, very respectfully, yours, etc., (Signed) Howell Cork, Mark A. Cooper, John 11. Fitten. Letter from John Morrissey. John Morrissey has the commendable virtue of not wearying the public with much speaking or much writing. Here is a letter froTn him, written just before the late elec tion which is interesting as a clue to his personal history, and must have been u trump card in the Congressional game: Anson House, Spring Street, ) New York, Nov. 3, IsGO. J To the Editors ofthe Herald: —My atten tion has bacn called to an editorial article in the Herald or to-day, in which it is stated that I have been indicted for ‘‘burglary, ithei ffe’i It is a duty not only to myself but to the mu '■ •' the fiftli Congressional district for iiur--.' aziitf ‘t I .’-u -info' , 1 h"jiJ sin,,-, ifn- tUc:-. n w• . ifir, but si-men years of .: : .Tamt a were engaged in au ;*lteiv»itiuu v.v,!. a. r . v ty ct‘ young men. and in that nitorcation there was a door of a house Kicked open. It was charged that I was one of those who kicked open the door and struck one of the opposing party. An affidavit was made by one ol the men engaged in the quarrel that I had broken open the door and struck him. I was indicted for bur glary and assault-and battery. The indict ment for burglarly was never tried. The district attorney regarded the charge as too frivolous to he prosecuted, and sum marly dismissed it. I was tried for the as sault and battery and found guilty. Before entering upon my canvass for the position to which 1 aspire, 1 referred to my past life, which, until wit hin |the last eight years was one of adventure, in conse quence.cf the poverty of my parents and the few advantages l had in my early youth. I commenced to labor for my own livlihood and to a;-ist in the support of inj lather and mother at the early age of ten years. At that time most imys are under the influence of domestic discipline, and have the advantage of regular educa tional training. Is it, therefore, strange that I should have committed errors in my early life ? There are few boys that have not been guilty ol’ trifling assault and battery. If I had had influential parents and friends I would have been permitted, probably, to have escaped with a repri mand ; but having no one to say one kind word for me—a poor, rough boy, working in a foundry—l suffered the slight penalty due to my boyish foil}-. During my whole life no man can say that I have ever wronged him, defrauded him of a dollar, or even broken my given word; l have had during the last eight years business relations and connections with many ofthebest men of this city, and not one of them will say I am other than a man of my word and of strict integrity : 1 have endeavored by my conduct to atone for the mistakes of my youth. A'though successful iii accumulating a competence, I have never forgotten (hat I was once poor. I have never turned a poor man from my door, or deserted a friend in his need. There has been much criticism in the news papers in reference to my being a candi date for Congress. It is natural that I -hould meet with great opposition. A man who has passed ' hrongh such varied and strange .scenes of life, as I have must expect to make bitter enemies and warm friends, and jealousies and hostilities are inseparable from political contests. But, Vlr. jvhtor, 1 will state to you my motives in being a candidate for Congress. I have one boy, who is now twelve years of age, who will have the bene* fit of the best education this country :an_ afford, and will have better oppor tunities than 1 had, at his age, to start upon an honorable career. [ foci it a duty that I owe to him, toy only child, to make my record as clear ami honorabic as possi ble, that my manhood may atone for the follies and errors of my youth, and leave oohind me memories of which my son in ifter years may be proud, and that will ■a>t no shadow upon his path through life.. I respectfully solicit, as an act of justice, that this reply be publi shed your paper. John Morrisey. Co.vG.-frEXCV.—MassacliUßt-tts is last establishing some claim to consistency in her professions of regard for the negro. She lias elected not only two negroes to her State Legislature—to the seats once filled by sueh men as John Quincy Adams, Daniel Wei is ter, Caleb Cushing and Ed ward Everett, but the “down trodden and oppressed” race are figuring for an Alder man, a Councilman and a School-Conmiit tee-Man from one of the wards at her ap proaching municipal election. Ihe radical, ward committees are said to be alarmed at tbe impudent demands of their black brethren, and evidently fear a reaction in the popular sentiment of the white folks. The women are also reducing their theo- ries of equality to practice—a fair daughter of “ the Hub” having recently taken to her bosom a negro formerly well known in Savannah. It remains lor the future to determine to what extent civilization is promoted by these innovations, The Times reiterates that the sole object ! of the mission of Gen. Sherman is to aid | (gen. Castlenau, sent out by the Emperor of J France to superintend the evacuation, by 1 acting as the representative govern ! ment, posset sed of authority to discuss tiie quest: -n at issue, and to speak for Ameri can interest". The steamer Ccntralia, was seized at Littlo Hock, Arkansas, by the Collector o theSocerad-District of that Slate, for vio< lotion of amended internal revenue law relative to the removal of cotton from tho collection districts before the payment of tho tax. This is the first seizure of the l»md tkai has been made.