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OLD SERIES. VOL. LXXVI. (CUvomclc & Sentinel. HKMtV MOORS, A. It. AVItH.ItT. TEtt.II- OF -5 BSViUPTIOX. '« month, ' Vf j J, 1 year.. S CO AK.I SIA, <4.V : WK'I.VKSBAV MOR.M.VC, JANEART 30. Criminal Trials. There can he no doubt upon the inind of any one at all conversant with the pro ceedings of our courts in the trial of par ti; •meused of crime, that such trials are often, but the broadest farces or solemn mockeries of the principles of justice. The wonder in this State has ceased to he that : o many criminals escape punishment, and it. now is, that any one should be convicted by a jury under our present sytsem. V* e knowthat.it i- thefa hionnow-a-days to blame the juries before whom these ca-e are tried, fir the failure to convict, While we admit there are, doubtless, , many cases which are properly made out, where the jury from bias or prejudice, or under the influence of improper motives, fail to perform their duty, yet the fault doe not lie exclusively at their dooj. of our.;: 1... minds must be brought to this certainty beyond a reasonable doubt, by the evidence which i laid before them. For, however certain they may feel in their own minds as to the guilt of the accused, they are sworn to give a verdict in accordance with 4 the law and the testimony aduccd to them. If a juryman were authorized or permitted to make up his mind from impressions or rumors received outside the jury box, there would be no safety for human life or prop erty in the community. The fault is not with the rule of law which requires this high degree of certainty of guilt before con viction, hut lies at the door of the Legisla ture, which fails to provide the Lst legal talent of the State in its prosecuting offi cers. Everybody knows that under the pres ent niggardly spirit which controls legisla tion on this question, none hut the younger members of the bar—those who are with out distinction or experience in their pro fi'.sion will hold the appointment of States counsel or prosecuting officer. Those who do consent to accept these offices do so with the view to an introduc tion to the people of the Circuit, in almost every case determined to retire as soon as that object is accomplished. The State expects her counsel to go around the circuit, twice a year, paying their hotel and traveling expenses, for the pitiful sum of two hundred and fifty dollars, and such odd- and ends in the way of costs and fines a • they may be able to pick up. Is it to be wondered at, that only the young and inexperienced are willing to per torm this duty when the remuneration is s i totally inadequate? It is a notorious fact,' that a party ac cused of crime, and particularly those classes of crimes the conviction for which would forfeit life or subject the offender to conli;] -incut in the State Prison, always retains the ablest counsel at the bar. They spend their money freely in getting up the evidence in their cases, and preparing for trial. 11 there be counsel present, who aro suppo-md from their character and position to have influence in the community, they j are added to the array of the accused’s at- j torneys. No stone is loft unturned, no in fluence neglected, no fact unnoticed which | might aid the defence, and tend to secure a J verdict of acquittal. Jury lists are can- j vassed, and the various influences which j are supposed to control tho panel are re-| sorted to in order to ascertain (ho exact status of each man unit, All this and much more is done by the accused and their friends. While the interests of so ciety and the majesty of the law aro left un uppnrted and unaided in the hands of y.mng and necessarily, to some extent, in competent prosecuting officers. The effect of such a system is too plainly felt in the administration of our criinina laws. Parties are acquitted almost daily in our courts who are known to be guilty. Vet the juries acting under the solemnity of their oaths arc bound to acquit, because the State fails to bring out the whole of the facts in support of the prosecution. We know that in some —perhaps in many eases —the failure to convict lies in the inherent defects of the jury system. We have no doubt that some criminals e.-.e.ipe through perjured witnesses and dishonest juries. Vet these eases are few, when compared with the large number who are daily discharged through the defects which we have already pointed out. We had a painful illustration of the injury done to society, by the defects we have just alluded to, which occurred in the Superior Court of this county last week. Two freeduien were put upon their trial for the murder of young Edgar Car michael on the 25th December, 1865. The State was represented by the Solicitor General, Whitehead alone, while for the defense appeared Hon. A. IT. Stephens, Judge U. W. Hilliard and Judge Linton Stephens. Without pretending to dis parage the merit of Capt. Whitehead, the Solicitor General, (for we know him to bo k gentleman of good intellect and tair legal ability for one of his age and experience.) vo mus; -ay that the cause of the State was not on an equality with that of the prisoners. The consequence was as might have been expected; the prisoner first put on his trial was acquitted. In a i’e.v hours after bis acquittal, he ae knowlc iged "that he was pre.-ent aiding and assisting in the murder—that he knew he could not be tried again —ln' bad been raised by good lawyers, and that he knew something about law him self." In this way did the red-handed murderer exult in his guilt and acquittal. His confederate was then placed on trial, when the -nine solemn farce was enacted and the case submitted to the jury. This jury failed to agree, and were discharged this n. irnii c, after having been looked up since Thursday night- last. And thus, tor the present, at least, this horrible outrage goes unwhipped of justice. The l. gislature should increase the salaries of not only its Solicitor Generals, but its Judges also, if the State would have the services of the best legal talent in tin -c ;, -miens. Good lawyers can make three and four-fold as much by their pri vate practice as is now given by the State, and few of that class-are able, pecuniarily, to become Judges atnl^solicitors. Negro Suffrage at the South. General Grant says if he was in Illinois bo would vote against negro suffrage ; if lie was in the South he would vote for it. His argument is, that in the South the black vote would be controlled by the em ployer. The object of the Southern States, however, is not to secure an increased number of votes, but to preserve the worth and purity of the ballot-box. It is not lie cause the negro’s vote would be cast against the interests of the section or the wishes of the whites, but because it would introduce into the exercise of the franchise a large and dangerous number of ignorant voters, controlled by base motives. If they were few. their voting would have a less corrupting influence ; but as they are many, it would vitiate the system. For I his reason, we think General Grant more politic than patriotic, and if there is any difference, it should be in favor of allowing the blacks to vote where they could do least harm. So says the Louisrille Jour- Hlk . , - '_ , Commercial Manures. 'Since the abolishment of slavery and rtie consequent jp-t of slave labor, the Southern printer has l en forced to look j to the improvement of his soil with more care and forethought, than was formerly j given to this subject. There' can be no question now, that the true policy of the planter consi.-ts in diminishing the. area , formerly planted for a given result, and ■ the resort to the us- of fertilizers for the I purpose of raipirigTrodb the smaller num j her of acres planted, crops 4s large as were | formerly grown on a greater number. The i experience of the past two y#trs has shown that the present labour of the country is l not much more than half as efficient as j formerly. We mu.-.t adopt a system then, by which wc can get from half the usual number of acres, equal or better crops than were formerly grown on the old plan of large planting. If the cotton planter can succeed in raising l as much cotton from one hundred acres as be formerly got from two hundred, and the negroes should continue to work a.-, effectually as they now do, our fagricultural interests may recover some what from the depressed and unprofitable condition in which they have been placed by the results of emancipation. This question, we admit, is yet to be solved. .Some experiments looking to these results were made, last yyar, but. the inefficient plow fftock, and insufficient sup-' plies of provisions conspired to make these* experiments anything hut satisfactory. We know of several planters whose crop of cotton was not sufficient to pay for the fertilizers which were used. It i true that they continued the old plan of spread ing their crops over a large area, and their failure is somewhat attributable to this fact. Gut there were a great many who tried, on a small scale, the system of con tracting the area and manuring highly the portion kept in cultivation, and nearly or quite all of them from whom we have any information succeeded comparatively bet ter than those who stuck to tho old large crop plan. As far as wc have been able to hear, the small crop system will ho generally adopt ed the present year. To make it success ful the lands must be highly fertilized and thoroughly cultivated. In looking to the first wc shall be compelled to seek for fer tilizers, to a great extent, at least, among the different commercial manures which are now offered in the market, and select from them such as have been thoroughly tested and proved to be reliable. Some of them have been tried for years and have given such results as to leave no doubt of their value. But there arc quite a num ber now on the market in the South, which our planters would buzzard much in purchasing to any great extent. Some of' them may be very good and come up to the degree of merit which is claimed for them—this wo do not deny. But wo ad vise that in the present low state of their finances, Southern planters should not risk a failure of the coming crop by relying up on a commercial manure which is not known to be what it is represented. Tho truth is, that within tho last two years a large number of persons have engaged at the North in the manufacture of commer cial manures especially for the Southern market. They know that the laws of none of the cotton States require a rigid inspection and analysis of the so-called manures which are put upon the market here, and hence all they have to do is to get up a certificate (bogus or otherwise it don’t matter much) ofan analysis made in some Northern city, and a few letters from pretended planters who claim to have tried the article —advertise freely and the thing sells readily for a season or two. By the time the fraud is detected their fortunes are made, and they retire from the busi ness, or else another fertilizer is introduced under anew name and the thing runs through the same process of puffing, ex periment and failure. The facilities for adulterating even those fertilizers which arc known to be valuable aro so groat and the chance of detection so remote that planters should endeavor to purchase from first hands, or at least only from such agents at the South whose char acter alone will give them a sufficient guarantee that they cannot be made either the tools or dupes of the dishonest North ern adulterators. Then again certain parties at the South pretend to sell by the ten when they only give two thousand pounds. By this means the planter is made to lose over ten per cent upon his purchase. This trade has managed to substitute what they gracious ly call the short ton for the regular ton of commerce, and if complaint is made by the planter that the weight of his fertilizers do not hold out ho is simply imformed that they sell by the short ton. In this way alone large sums have been made out of the Southern people by dealers in Peruvian Guano who buy by the long tun and sell by short. In every ease the planter should insist, in the absence of any express law on the subject, upon receiving the long or true ton. No contract should be made unless this stipulation is expressly mentioned, for in its absence the short ton will be put on them as a “custom of the trade. We very much doubt the propriety of any Southern planter purchasing a manip ulated manure. It the parties who ma nipulate are ever so honest in the com bination of the fertilizing elements, they will certainly charge a large profit for their labor in producing the compound. The planter can cm his'own plantation, make the combinations necessary for his soil quite as well as the regular manufacturer, and he thereby saves at least from 15 to 25 per | cent, in the cost of tho article. But the great danger to be apprehended is the ; adulteration of the article offered, and from which, as we tru e seen, tbe planter has no protection. Much of the stuff sold in the South as manipulated fertilizers is nothing but a very small per coinage of Peruvian guano, which is used principally to give the compound its odor, in combination with ml dirt which is of no value whatever, lienee when such fertilizers are used fail ure of the crop is certain to follow; and this is one of theehief reasons why so many of our planter- have been reluctant to use commercial manure to any extent. The Legislature at its last session should have taken this question into considera tion, and passed a law requiring all dealer in artificial manures in the State to sub mit samples of every article offered to some competent chemist, to be selected by the Inferior Courts of the county in which the article is offered for sale, and whose duty it should be to put a mark or brand upon each barrel or package offered, giving the results of bis analysis. This law should j also contain a provision for the punishment I of any party who should offer in the mar ; keta fertilizer without the chemists' in spection, or which should fail to conform '■ to the standard given it by the analysis. In the absence of such a law the planter ; is wholly in the power of the dishonest ! dealer. To avoid the danger of being im : posed upon in his purchases for this years' j crop, the best thing he can do is to deal j with no one but a resident and reputable i merchant. M : shall not undertake to say which are the best fertilizers which arc now offered in the Southern markets. This we can say from experience and observation, that for j all soils ginuine No. 1 Peruvian Guano is the best fertilizer which we have ever ; seen. Last season, anew fertilizer, under the name of “Baughs raw bone super phosphate, produced very good results. Next to Peruvian Guano it is the best i fertilizer of which we have any practical i knowledge. Planters who tried any of the Commer cial Manures last year would confer a great benefit upon their fellow planters and the State generally by giving publicity to the results of their different experiments. We especially invite from all who have used artificial manure to give to us, so that we can communicate to the public, the kind, quantity, "manner, [of application, and character of soil on which it was applied, with the returns which it produced. Such information, if given now, in time to be taken advantage of for the present crop, will aid very much those who have no experience in their use, and who con template trying them this year. L-JT We publish with pleasure the com munication of our esteemed correspondent, “D. E. 8.,” on the subject of the Geor gia Railroad Stock. We know him to be a man of integrity and discernment, and the subject is one of vast interest to the people of this section of Georgia. Having reviewed the last reports of this company, which then, in our judgment, compared favorably with any other road that suf fered by the active operations of war, we are led to recur to them. A single thought occurs which we venture to suggest to him. A reference to the “ fossiljlerous ■ urplus” will disclose the fact tfiat it is invested in bonds and atncl-a. .An esrthii jjatioynjl.class.,seggiities as. Amh fie, and-estimating them at market vaTue! discloses a relative greater depreciation. Why is this? Clearly, in our opiniob, it is the action of the Radical Cengiess, which, by agitation, destroys confidence and prevents their being sought as invest inents by Northern capital. However, we dtd not propose to enter into a discussion, and only make this suggestion; and it occurred to us that perhaps our corres pondent had overlooked it, from the nature of one of his questions. Important law. It will be seen by reference to the act which wc publish to-day, in another col umn of this paper, that the Legislature at its last session, made ample .provision for tho thorough education of all the indigent youths of the State under thirty years of' age who were maimed during the war. The Legislature provided, as we think wisely, for the board, clothing, and sup port of these beneficaries while they are being educated, but we also think that the limit placed on the amount thus appropria ted for each scholar, entirely too small. We doubt whether three hundred dollars will be accepted by either of the colleges named 'in the bill as a fair equivalent for their services and expenditures. However this may be, wo think that all the institutions included in the act, should take action on the matter at once, and let the public know upon what these poor boys must de pend. We think that if they would de cide at once to receive all the pupils which should offer under tho provisions of the aw, and during the term keep an accurate account of the necessary expenditures made for each, that the next Legislature would increase the appropriation so as to cover all actual and necessary expenses. Which will be first in makingthis impor tant announcement. ■—ra» -*s emtmm The Post Office Award. The recint award of the Post-master of Augusta, for the publication of the list of letters remaining in the Post Office in Augusta was.not in our favor. But the returns showed that the Chronicle Sen tinel had the largest cirlculation, based upon a bona fide subscription list, of any paper published in this city, according to our reading. We think that the Chronicle & Sentinel was entiled, under the laws, to ; the award. The Post-master, however, has decided, subject to appeal, that the publication should be given to that paper which has the largest circulation, with out reference to the character of that circulation —whether it be gratuitous or based upon subscription. In Savannah, the award was made to the paper having the largest circulation based upon sub scription, and we think the department would decide that the award in Augusta should be made on the same grounds. Be that as it may, we offer the Chronicle as an advertising medium to the public, as hav ing the largest circulation, based upon bona fide subscription of any paper pub lished in the city of Augusta. Daniel Webster’s Prediction. The following extract from a speech made several years before his death by the great “expounder,” will be read with interest just ■ now, when’the action of the “infernal fanat ics and abolitionists’ ’ is so fully verifying the prophetic forecast of this wonderful man : “If those infernal fanatics and abolition ists over got the power in their hands, they will override the Constitution, set the .Su preme Court at delianee, change and make laws to suiMffiemselves, lay violent bunds on those who differ with them in opinion and da re question their infallibility, and li mply bankrupt the country and deluge it in blood.” It is true that it has been recently dis covered in Massachusetts that Webster was “a man of no wisdom, without re ligion, and treacherous to his friends,” yet wc believe that a large majority of the American people North and South are still firm believers in the purity of his life, the grandeur of his intellect, and the wis dom of his counsels. The Powers of the President. ‘‘ln the exercise of his political powers, he is to use his own discretion, and is ac countable only to his country, and to his own conscience. His decision in relation to these powers is subject to no control; and his discretion, when exercised, is c< nclusive.” Story’s Com. on ttu <\ -: - tut ion. But a few years ago, the opinion of the learned Story would have been received in every judicial tribunal in this broad laud as the very best authority upon constitutional law. Now, we find that there are thou sands of Radical lawyers who aro able to prove that this great jurist was a “fool and a charlatan.” “utterly ignorant of those groat principles which underlie representa tive government.” Corrox Culture in Virginia.— We copy the following from the Richmond Whig’ Cotton culture is beginning to re ceive considerable attention in Virginia, and already has presented promise of a great success. Among those who 2have turned their attention to it are Edmund Ruffin, of Ilanovor, who, without the aid of auy fertilizer, has gathered from twenty one acres eleven bales, which is a very nue yield indeed. The Messrs. Harwell, of Turkey Island, on the James River, have madeforty bales the past year from one hundred and thirty acres, and this not withstanding they acknowledge that they have made many mistakes in the culti vation of the crop, first by giving the plants nearly twice the proper {distance, and. secondly, by not thining it out to one stalk in time. Our farmers should take encouragement from”those successful ex amples. Tlie Sugar Plantations of Lou isiana. —Sugar plantations are in the mar ket now at unusually cheap rates. One, situated about forty-eight miles above New Orleans, containing thirteen hundred and fifty-nine arpents, with line, com modious dwelling house, built of brick, and improvements, an extensive brick -ugar house with machinery complete, cabins for eighty laborers, was iately sold for §32,000. Terms, one-fourth cash ; balance, two and three years. This estate made in 18,7.1, an average season, two hun dred and fifty hogsheads of sugar. Before | the war, this plantation, with tho negroes ’ attached, was valued at $150,000. It is not an extreme case. A New Orleans paper say> that it will require about twenty-five millions of dollars in the way of loans to replace the losses sustained by the sugar ! planting interest of Louisiana and 10 place the several hundred plantations in good I working condition.. Even then the scarcity I of labor will present serious discourage- I meat. AUGUSTA, (tA., WEDNEsj )AY MORNING,JANUARY 30, 1867. What the Arkansas Delegation Say—- 1 Congress, the President and General Grant. Ti e gentlemen from Arkansas, Hon. It. S. Gnatt, and others, who spent some weeks in Washington, by instruction of their Legislature, for the purpose of con ferring with the heads of the GoVernittent and the leaders of parties, arrived in Louisville last Friday on their way home. The editor of the Louisville Journal had a conversation with these gentlemen, who were unreserved on all questions, and gives to his reader.-, the following summing up of what they said: “ They do not wholly give up Congress as lost to all sense, justice, patriotism and decency, and belieye that the impeach ment scheme will ultimately be-abandoned or overwhelmingly defeated. They dis covered that ijtevens-republicanismitwas'a malady confined to a minority of the North ern representation, and that letters and remonstrances by the thousand were pour ing in daily upon members frotq all harts of the North,.protesting against fihe kn •peachmerit as unwise, revolutionary, and calculated, if carried out, to produce civil discord arttl internecine strife.” They found the President firm in his determination to see fliat equal and exact j usticp be meted out to each and every State of the Union —the adamantine resolu tion of a grand and granite man —while, his constitutional advisers are equally fa m in the poseessioMthey have taken as to the true-meaning of their obik»tigM ; -.V3sklL minimi rights. “The delegation also met, at the dinner table of Secretary Seward, with. General Grant, who, as usual was very reticent in political matters, frankly stating to them that he knew nothing of political affairs, and was wholly ignorant of the sophistries, twistings, and turnings of politicians. Regarding the constitutional amendment, the General declined to express any opinion as to its justice, constitutionality, or expediency, but said he would Ike lor at least one Southern States to adept it, as an experiment, to sec if their Senators and Representatives would he admitted to their seats in Congress—at the same time expressing the opinion that they would bo admitted. lie also stated that, at the com mencement of Congress, he urged upon prominent members, if they intended to make the adoption, upon the part of the Southern States, of the amendment, the condition precedent to re-admission, they ought to pass a resolution to that effect, solemnly pledging Congress to receive the Senators and Representatives into that body. If they did not take some such step, they could not expect the Southern pdople to take a step that might be pre liminary to others that would lead them they knew not where. On the negro suf frage question he was more decided, sta ting that he believed that was a question that should be left wholly and entirely with the people of tho several Slates; that Con gress, in his opinion, had no right to inter, sere in that matter; and emphatically de clared that if the question came up in Illi nois, and he was there to vote, he would certainly vote against it. But, he said, smiling at the time, if he were in one of the Southern States he believed he would vote for it, for lie was*satisfied he could march the negroes up to the polls and vote as he pleased, and would thus be gaining instead of losing political power. An Act to educate the indigent maimed soldiers of Georgia, and to provide the necessary means fur the same. Whereas. It is a matter of primary importance that Georgia should have native educated teachers for tho instruc tion of the children of the State ; and whereas, there are many indigent mained soldiers in tho State, under thirty years, who, by reason of the loss of limbs, are deprived of the ability to perform physical labor, And, whereas, it is a holy and patriotic duty to provide, in the best man ner possible, for those unfortunate patriots; for remedy whereof, SECTION I. Be it enacted by Cue Gen eral Assembly of the State of Georgia, That all indigent maimed soldiers of the State of Georgia, under tho age. of thirty years old, be educated at the University of the State of Georgia, .at the. fiercer. University, at Emory College, at Ogle thorpe University and at Bowdon College, free of charge for tuition, books, board and clothing .until tho completion of their collegiate term. Sec. 11. Be it further enacted, That upon the application, accompanied with proper vouchers, of any indigent maimed soldier, that lie is of the class above speci fied, to the Trustees of said Univetities and Colleges, they shall forthwith receive him into said Institution," and give him all the benefits of the same upon the appli cant entering into a written obligation up on his honor to teach wheii he shall have completed his collegiate course, the same number of years in Georgia he may have been in said Universities or Colleges. Section 111. Be it further enacted , That for the purpose of effectually ..carry ing into efficient operation the provisions of this Act, that His Excellency the Gov ernor be, and he is hereby authorized, should there not be funds provided for the same in the Treasury, to issue to the Trustees of said Universities and Colleges the bonds of the State, payable at such times and in such manner as he may deem best, to an amount sufficient to accomplish and carry into effectual operation the pro visions of this Act ; prodded, the State will not pay more than three hundred dol -1 ars per annum for each beneficiary under this Act. Approved IStli December, 1566. The following tables, which arc obtained from an official source, will show the dis tribution of the national banking capital and circulation to the Ist of December; Statement showing the number of national banks located in the seven Eastern States, together with their authorized capital and circulation: Number Capital States. of Banks. Paid in. Circula'n. Massachusetts 207 $79,932,000 §50,738,300 New York 308 116,207,911 75,070,300 Rhode Island 02 20,361,800 12,309,850 Maine 01 9,085,000 7,451,820 New Hampshire.. 39 4.715,128 4,121,253 Vermont 39 6,310,012 5,676,800 Connecticut 82 24,584,210 17,177,450 Total 7955261,250,0913179,508,013 Pennsylvania 201 49,200,765 38,099,640 Total 999§310,459, 5565217,607,653 Statement showing the number of nationnl banks located in the following named States, together with the authorised capital and circulation of each : Number Capital States. of Banks. Paid in. Circula’n. Ohio 135 §21,894,700 §18,375,230 Illinois 82 11,570,000 9,118,415 Indiana 71 12,857,000 10.88-8,280 Michigan 42 4,985,010 3,778,! lowa 45 3,697,000 3.201,395 Wisconsin 37 2,935,000 2,512,,00 Minnesota I* 1.060,000 1, 4.84,000 Missouri 15 4,079,0(i0 2,712,490 Kansas..- 4 325,000 269,000 Total 446 §63,922,710 §51,073,650 All other States and Territories 0 862,588 22 37.142,1 Grand total 1.647 §417,245,1545292,1151,753 The South Carolina Railroad.— This old corporation does not show any sigus of age, but the new year has dawned upon increased activity and progress. The damage done during the war. and by neglect, has-been in a great measure re . paired, and the signs of the times indi cate an onward march that will soon place the road in its primitive condition. Freight is being rapidly conveyed to even point in the State, and the forwarding busi ness has become one of considerable im portance. These supplies consist principally of corn and guano, which articles have been bought largely by the planters of the in terior ; the scarcity of provisions, conse quent on the failure of the crop, created a demand that has 'increased the freight traffic considerably, and the planters, in order to avoid a similar failure in the fu ture. have imported a large quantity of the most popular fertilizers. The rolling stock has been steadily on the increase; new cars have been built, and the workmen iu the Company Shops have been busy iu turning out both freight and passenger cars. At present, they- are en uatred in retouching several OVI veteran-, and constructing two conductor’s cars, which will combine all of the new im provements, being fitted up with raised skylights, running nearly the entire i ngth f the car and wl ly to both its looks and comfort. The en tire work done on these cars is perfected in the shop, even to the upholstering and the finer touches that are requisite to give them a perfect finish. Several new cars have been recently put on the road, and the work of construction is still progress ing, and before many months have elapsed every train will be supplied w;th either new ears, or with those that have been remaud7 land imp* ed, until they can not be diminished' ? ont their younger neigh! ■.rs.—' .nirlesto. yews. ■ on; washing ton** Correspondence. — 4 —' " SenStor TrumUvd s fodetijga.—A Card -1 gainst Jacebiidf .in its Extrmt TTeuj* —Elevens fin he-tDownwarJ, Scale. - The Colorado did Nebraska* Bijls. *Cowan’s Avpoiuftymas Miuider-to Austria —A egro A•joicings—lmpcaeh lio id on the liana, M AJKtI j ton. January 16. The election of bc.’.'ttor Trumbull, from Illinois, is r turdti iy many of the ex treme i£a<li(*i*N sjn-jwhat of a sorrypill. They would h%v-e preftjred his most formid able opponent,!* 1 - eAerjil i'almer, for. variou.. reasons —me most proaimept of which, the assertion, roes, is that he was l in the army—but th». fe all trash. Offi | cars of thc’army, wl* have; fejjght during the war, as was theca e of GeneraLSloeunq i of New lork, and outers who have been candidates for civiFl .aors, and who are 1 not wedded to impel hment dogmas and revolutionary ideas, tv v&beeo, so far,'left 1 out iu the cold, and tie triumph of Trum bull, who is a good wyer, and lias more respect for the ajipre ,ie_ Court than mast iof his political friend is an<evidence that Jacobinism, .iii its-m'.sst violent ffifape, is losing ground Nq«h. In truth the lladi i cals are beglnqjng to - lit, and if they eoh tiiiue to widen the-slight breach which has %howu itself a good ai uaiont, will be pry , seuted for the cor u . matibn -of the pfo J j u.-.-'J I MnocKltiO .*■- Fite so-called Enabling Act, of Thad. Stevens, to guarantee a Republican form of Government; or. in other words, ana more truthful ones, territorialize the States of the South, excepting Tennessee, was brought up for decision, and, much to the surprise of the author of the infamous pro position, met with considerable opposition from theleading-Conservative Republicans. Bingham, of Ohio, Who is so radical that he had long ago declared in favor of the impeachment project, also opposed the measure, stating that it was not in the province of Congress to dictate such oppressive terms but that the question should be decided by the people. This ac tion on the part of prominent Republicans will, undoubtedly, defeat the bill and end the leadership of Stevens, which has here tofore been regarded as omnipotent. The friends of the Colorado and Nebras ka bills are stiff sanguine of securing*the requisite two thirds vote in each House in order to secure the admission of their re spective States over the veto which, it is universally conceded, the President will send to Congress with reference to those matters. There is, however, no possibility of either becoming a State this session, as it is necessary, according to the House amendments to the bills (in which the Senate will undoubtedly concur) that the State Legislatures shall so amend their constitutions as to abolish all distinctions in regard to color, which, judging from tho present temper of these Territorial Legislatures, is not likely to occur. Radical members of Congress assort that Senator Cowan will not be confirmed in his appointment as Minister to Austria. They seem to have declared against the con firmation of all nominations where the parties concerned are not of a like political stripe with themselves. The mere fact of Judge Cowan’s nomination having been referred to the Senate Committee on For eign Affairs, is regarded as an evidence that it will be rejected. He did not seek the appointment, but that makes no dif ference with his political enemies. The Radicals of the Pennsylvania Legislature have protested against their political asso ciates showing any favor to the Presi dent's friends, and they seem all inclined to obey their demands. The negroes in this vicinity, assisted by an outside array of contraband talent, are spending much time now singing, praying and eulogizing Congress on account of the boon of suffrage which has been vouchsafed them. The Chronicle is their organ, and gives daily, long reports of their jubilates. All colored individuals who want to exer cise the freedom of the ebetive franchise, are invited to Washington, and a great many come without invitations ; one can well imagine what this city would be in five years should universal Impeachment-is decidedly <:-:i the “wane."' The Republican party is alarmed at the strides their extreme men are making, and want to push the thing up ; kit it is im possible, and it is best for the future wel fare of the country that it is so. Butler and Boutwell intend to push it next session, although Ashley fails in this, and the ef fect will be to break up the Republican party just so surely as it is attempted. All the witnesses, so far, before the Judicia ry Committee have been voluntary ones, and none have been subpesned. The President - is ready to stand the trial, and will shirk nothing. Fo far as his position under the Constitution i-, he is as firm as a rock, and does not abate a jot or tittle from what he has over and over again declared to be his principles. Stanton opposes earnestly the impeachment project of his friends. Some of them are impudent enough to assert that it is because he originated many of the actions upon which charges have been brought against the Executive. General Grant also » severely characterizes the movement. It is well that it has com menced, for it will be found to be the be ginning of the end with the Radical shriekers. The Press squabble throughout the country lias been perfectly adjusted, among the chances made in the reorgani zation is the appointment of W. B. Barr, Esq., who was in charge of the Southern dispatches from Craig’s office. He has been appointed to fill the duties of that position in the Associated Press office of this city, Mr. Barr has long been connected with the Southern press—is a good'Southern man, and a gentleman of much ability, and will assuredly give the most complete satisfac tion. Arlington. Cotton—Official Estimate. WASHINGTON, January 16, 18G7. The facts that I have secured relative to cotton may prove of some value to your’ readers, and will, certainly, be of great interest to them at least. They seem to me to boos sufficient importance to warrant my making them the subject mat ter of a special, immediate letter. Since my last communication to you I have been engaged in searching out the data neces sary to my purpose, and I am now able to give you the benefit of the results. I will here say that full reliance may be placed upon my figures, as all data that I have used were procured from official sources. It is now safe to say that the entire cot ton crop for 1866 will amount- to 1,400,000 bales of 500 pounds per bale, giving a gross weight of TOOjOOo.OUO pounds. The tax law of July 13, 1866, now in force, allows four per centum tare for baling, rope, &a., which leaves a net weight of 672,000,000 pounds. This crop is worth in the New York market, at the present price, which averages at least 34 cents per pound, nearly two hundred and twenty-nine millions of dollars. The Government tax upon it, at the-current rate, 3 cents par pound, will amount to over twenty millions of dollars. Georgia furnishes 164.000 bates of this crop, which, at 500 pounds per bale, makes a gross weight of 62,000,000 pounds, and a net weight of 78,720,000 pounds. At the New York price, this cotton, would yield nearly twenty-seven millions of dollars, and the government will reap from it a revenue of nearly two an 1 four-tenths mil lion of dollars. Official estimate;; appor tion the crop as follows North Carolina. *; Sout na, 102,000 Florida 0 balesj Alabama, 2fi'.'.Uoo bales : M:—: ,1 : 1 >uQ bales : Louisiana, 109,000 bales ; Texas, 200,000 bales; Arkansas, Ufc -j bales; Ten nessee, 148,000 bales, and other States. §7,000 bales. But these estimates only allow 409 pounds to the bale, while it is found that the actual average weight of the present nearly 500 pounds eayli, and we have reduced the aggregate crop to bale.-; of the iattc-r weight, as in the case of Georgia, which is_ accredited with 205,000 bales of 400 pounds each, but which by the above apportionment of weight makes 164,090 marketable bales. This estimate allows losses, and other causes of decrease ox general yield, and cannot but be regardea as a temperate one. The figures are all placed very low, perhaps much lower than is actually de manded, hut the desire is to give a correct estimab. The total crop summed up by; some planters and eommn-i-a merchants, is reported to he about tne same as that which I have given. Iu ou.er words, it corresponds with the official estimate, | while some estimates asst-im a total of 2,<Xio.'X'o bales. It m a >* '-" J encouraging to the people of Georgia, t j learn that the present partial crop of their native State. small as it is. compared with wnat it should be, is worth in money at most as much as i ’id ed to 701,840 b - above thirty milt ton of ii-O-ivs. ±lll3 lact ! will be as surprising perhaps r p it will be ; satisfactory to many Georgians. It is j hoped and believe! that the energy and j industry displayed by the southern peo- j pie generally, will rapidly raise the cotton ! crop to its former yearly aggregate. Arlington. A charge of billingsgate from Sumner — The offence of the Executive — Andrew Johnson and the. Country waiting for the Opposition to the Stevens Enabling Bill—Radical eulogy of Sec retary Stanton—Fierce demeanor of Sot hem Loyalists — Speech of lion. H. 11 1, Him/ — Preparations for the Radical Spring Campaign—Miscellaneous Gos sipst. Washington, January 19th. The Senate, yesterday, passed the bill for regulating the tenure of office, one of the various projects on foot for faking all power »ut of the hands of the President. Sumnel had something to say, as a matter of coura-, and as usual indulged in his stereotyped and malignant attacks upon Sbuthert statesmen,-the utterance of which of latehis become a perfect mania with that prince o{ fanatics. ’ life speech yesterday on an amendment offered by himself to the bill under, consideration, which proposed to give thq Senate!he right of appointing all officials in the gift of the Government, was notorious for more spleen than has yet beerf'tpplayed against the President. - He -outrivals Stevens in spite and vulgari ty, and perfectly astonished, some of the admirers of Iris classical oratory by the low manner kt which he east epithets upon the President and disgraced the chamber where he "spoke, Sumner is one of the most thorough advocates of impeachment now disgracing tlm capital, and his speech of so entirely extraneous to.-the subject under consideration was the em phatic opinion of aJudgeiffietbre, the' trial '(admittinjtlhe .z-dedaratton-that a dorsing every degrading epithet that his sonojouS, deep-toned, yet repulsive voice brought forth. They are all his teachers, and were willing each and every one of them that he should bear the palm in the Senate of being the first to take up the bil lingsgate of th 3 House and shower it around. He inaugurated.the era of vulgarity and now that the road is open, he will be fol lowed by other*effusions of just such ele gance. The reply of lleverdy Johnson to the Massachusetts Senator’s bombast, was dignified and calm ; but not with no such looks ot approval from the Republicans present as Sumner’s rhetoric had. Every thing is one way. The lines are so tightly and equally drawn, that no middle ground is allowed. The majority in both houses over look any sentiments of indignity to the President and the Southern States, no matter how §indecent, passionate or blasphemous they may be, and of late it is just such effusions as these which are the most common. The great offence which the Executive seemed to have committed, as evidenced by the debate on this bill to regulate the tenure ot office, was in connection with his speech at St. Louis iast.Summer when ho is reported as having said that ho would “kick ’ tho Radicals out of office, "and whether tho language (which many are disposed to admit was not a particle too strong) was literally administered or not. Sumner and his friends have an idea that throughout the States, at least, if not in the Departments here, he was very nearly as good as his word, and hence their tears. But they will farther attempt to remedy matters by impeachment if the sub-Judi ciary Committee can screw their courage to the sticking point. Now that the New York Herald is a champion of the cause, they may pursue it with more vigor than heretofore. The President stands ready, and the country is waiting for the de noument,? Why don’t Ashley hurry it up. _ The endorsers of it declare that the event is enevitable, and the friends of An drew Jonnson say draw up your indict ment. _ There is a Grander J ury to decide upon it than a rump Congress of red Re publicans. The opposition which Stevens’ bill, to reconstruct the Southern States is meeting in the house of its friends, is a theme of very general remark. The author of it is himself, both astonished and indignant at the very idea of men claiming to be Radi cals, putting fine points upon Constitution al obligations, and arguing against the pro visions of his latest enabling (?) act. Thad. is unsparing in his anger and sarcasm, and deals alike with all, and it is a healthy sign to see so much opposition to him spring ing up. It is sincerely to be lioped that it will continue. If one firm man could be found among the Radicals, with, brains and tom-age -euortgli to stand up' and reffttter Thirds arguments, and fight him with as much fierceness as he employs, in waging war against all who shirk his demands, ho would certainly find followers; but until now it has been painfully apparent that there lias not been one who dared object to a single word or act the leader of the House chose to put forth as law. The revolutionists are counting on Secre tary Stanton to give them every assistance in his power in their mad designs, and if that official does not give them private as surances of his sympathy, then the signs of the time are of no avail whatever. lie has emphatically and unequivocally de clared against the policy of the President in many respects, and although it is hard ly believed that he is wedded to the policy of impeachment it appears almost certain that should the game be commenced, he would be an arduous worker in the majority party. No later than yesterday, he was eulogised in the Senate by one of the most vindictive radical partisans in that body. Mr. Howe, of Wisconsin, in most fulsome terms declared it the intention of the Senate to resist his removal. Stanton has become more outspoken in his radical views since the prospect of the bill which passed the Seuate to regulate the tenure of office becoming a law. It is a singular and un happy circumstance*that he set retains his position, and the friends of the Pres ident earnestly deplore that fact, it is only the President’s friends who have been anxious for a change in the War Depart ment. His enemies have every reason to be satisfied. It is astonishing how very furious those soi disant Southern loyalists, that isNorth ern adventurers who have temporarily squatted in tho South, in the hope—a vain hope—of political preferment, are for im peachment and revolution. Having no interest whatever in the welfare of the country they care very little what happens so that they aro taken care of, and the territorialists propose to do that by making them all officers of the territorial govern ments when they aro established —when they are established 1 say, because it is very certain now that there is not strength enough in Congress to inaugurate any such outrage. That it will be discussed and advocated as well as the impeachment dogma next session as well as this is daily evident, but that will be the end of it. The Southern union men may as well all come North and return to shoemaking, hod carrying and other professions of their his tory, as it is not probable that they will (at least until revolution is quite perfected) adorn prominent civil offices in the South. Some of them have already tired of wait ing and are in the North expecting some thing to turn up for them, Others arc here hanging around the capitoi, dancing attendance to the Ashleys and Sumners in Congress, swilling bad whiskey, abusing the Executive and the Southern people, and doing various other mean offices in the hope that they wifi be taken by the hand by Congress and lifted soon to the top round of the ladder of emoluments. Washington is disgraced with their presence, They are of the class that the- old fashioned Southern darkie were wont to designate as “po whites,” and with respect to man ners, brains, worth and dignity, they are poor indeed. 1 he Republican Committees are already making their arrangements for the spring campaign, when several members of Con gress are to be elected. They have nut yet agreed upon any particular platform, owing to the uncertainty of what Congress will do before the adjournment of this session. It the Radical tire, opened by Stevens and Ashley, (these two are now the most prominent men in the House on the Re publican side) is kept up with vigor, and the firemen who kindled it do nut become alarmed, as Forney has become, at the jirospect of a future destruction of their own edifice, the spring may develop a greater division in their ranks, than the oppo sition of Spalding, Bingham and other Radicals to Stevens' programme, is an har binger of. Butler, however, will be in the House before that time, and his position as a Representative may be fraught wittx much good to the Conservative element, who will have a loader it? 'ae House on the j 4th of March in Mr. James Brooks, of the | New York Express, who is the peer ot any j Radical in the whole array iu brains, cour- j a uc. or executive ability. Butler hate; : Brooks with all the venom of his nature on account of certain disclosures made dur bar the latter session of the I hirty-Lighth Congress; and as he .Butler; aspires to be the leader of the Radicals, as Brooks cer tainly will be of the Conservatives, we may expect some very energetic and excited > debates, more than have thus tar charac terized this session. , A. 11. Ward, of the Sixth Kentucky District, and successor oi Green Clay Smith, made a powerful speech in the House to-day in opposition to the Stevens enabling bill, holding up_ the mode Re publican Governments which that moderate but inaugurate vegentieman proposes for tne Southern State; in a most rediculous light, illustrating the great Radicals apsurdiues by powerful anecdotes and pungent argu- 1 —■■HIIMBC. ments. The fijMisc and galleries evident ly sympathizesfepth the speaker, and his points wore raped with shouts of laugh -1 tar in whlefcStaven.s himself sometimes i joined. The invective against the folly. : cruelty and unjustuess of the proposed 1 measure, was sometimes sublime, and the pathos of the kind hearted gentleman from , Kentucky, when lie claimed that the j white people of the South had been suffi ! cientiy punished and lamented the rarity of Christian charity was most touching, and met earnest response from glistening eyes. The rush for office here is unabated. Every vacancy has hundreds of applicants. There are now fifteen applicants for the position of Assessor of internal Revenue in the Third District of Pennsylvania, the occupant of which died a few days ago Six of the applicants presented their peti tions before the man was buried, and < lie Secretary of the Treasury is literally be sieged. He intends to appoint a . soldier to the vacancy—wonder If Sumner will make a point of that. Washington continues to be blessed with an extraordinary number of aifiugement halls to enliven what, is called the “gay season. ’’ Two theatres, the Peak family of bell a first-class negro minstrel troupe, lecturers in profusion, on all kinds of subjects, from spiritualism—which is generally ..discussed by certain patterns of New England females—to philosophy and lighter topics in abundance,* nightly hold forth theff‘different wonders. At Wall’s Opera House, which is a perfect bijou of a theatre,, and where tho best stock Washington- ever 4 fo“n"it is engaged. The Long ! one of Dion Bourcicault dramas, has been performed every night for the past v-cek, with success. The proprietors of* this es tablishment are citizens of Washington, and understanding the tastes of the peo ple, have exerted themselves to give satis faction to play-goers, in which I think they have not fallen short of the mark. 3lag gie Mitchell is at tho National. The weather is now, and has been for the past four days unprecedentedly cold. Such a “snap” is not within the memory of the “oldest inhabitant.” Stock in the now skating park is far above par value, and Washington damsels are learning to skate by scores. Probably they are not all aware that it is not fashionable in New York this winter. It cannot be said that a lady on skates is tho most graceful or charming attitude for one of the gentler sex; particularly when she is acquiring the rudiments of that science—awkward tum bles sometimes display far more dinuty than would be consistent with those ideas of chastity recorded in the Saint’s lexicon. Arlington. Finance and Business. The country is suffering greatly in its business and finance at the present time from the delay of Congress in determining what shall be the policy in relation to the currency. It is almost universally agreed that a return to specie payments should be made as early as possible, yet it will be found that a large proportion of the people who agree to the proposition theoretically, are very much afraid that the result may be brought about too soon. They really think that such a state of things is desira ble, or rather, perhaps, that a permanent prosperity cannot be attained without a specie _ basis for tho currency, but arc unwilling to risk any inconvenience in a realization of so desirable an object. There are but few persons, probably, who do not regard it as fortunate for the gen eral interests of the country that so distin guished a financier is at the head of the Treasury Department, yet his policy finds as much opposition from various quarters and for as many reasons as would that of the policy of any other man of like finan cial reputation? _ Even those who profess to be his best friends, and agree generally with his views, have shown towards some of his propositions great opposition, and have not hesitated to question his integrity in regard to them. Should any one look to reports from Washington, as an indication of what Con gress may do, or what the finance commit tees may agree upon, he will be as much in the dark as though lie attempted to look into darkness itself. The views of some of. the members of those committees may be kflftWP- vet it is by go megmUa. he eonjotte, ’tuiTirwhat tTi'cyihay report for fneWtion of Congress, or should they report arty particular measures that they will be adopted by Congress. Even the action of Congress which takes _ place, is made a subject of doubr, with different interpretn- I tions put upon it, and equally differing statements of what that action is. As in stances of this, there were not only conflict ing statements of a proposition submitted to the Senate by Senator Pomeroy, but upon this it was remarked that the pro position to “increase the national bank, cir culation another hundred millions, stands no chance of ever passing, for the reason that the Secretary of the Treasury and both financial committees as well as the banking committee are opposed to it;” and another writer says it is a “great mistake to suppose that the recent vote of j the House against instructing the Commit j tee on Ways and Means on the subject of ; retiring the greenbacks can be construed j into a support of the policy of the Secretary i of the Treasury in favor of paying off the j national debt in twenty-five years, and for ; that purpose maintaining tho excessive '■ rates of internal taxation. ’ ’ i There are many reasons for the belief that however much delay there may be in tho I action of Congress, there will be no further | measures adopted to decrease the volume of the currency, as proposed by the Secre tary of the Treasury. It is by no means sure that the great body of business men in this section of the country aro really desi rous of a greater reduction at the present time, while it is almost certain that the j West is strongly opposed to tho measure. I If we aro to judge by the expressions of the journals of the West, and of the senti ments of their public men, so far as they are expressed, they would much prefer to have a less diminution than a greater one. The argument recently addressed by an in fluential man to the people of Illinois, that it would be much harder for them to pay their taxes, if their products are much : reauceJ in value, is too potent a one to fail ; in the effect intended. Currency is asked for as necessary to the prosperity of the South, not for that section only, but for its retraction upon the North. To furnish this currency, it is suggested that a proportionate decrease be made at : the North and West. Most assuredly tho North and West will not consent to such a decrease in immediate means in addition to what is provided in the general reduction i ot the currency. _ Besides the indirect influences m opposi tion to a reduction of the currency, and | tho positive and active opposition at tho West, there appear also to be measures at | work in the same direction in New York, as shown in a recently published circular, from parties representing that they are ’ retained by some of the national banks and ! others, and a call upon banks for a con tribution to aid in action at Washington. It may be true, that this is not generally acquiesced in, but the feet that there is such a movement is evidence that an effect I will ho produced, especially with a predis j position in that direction. Merchants have also given much aid to such v, movement, | or have placed themselves where their in ! terests will demand it, by extending credits ; and forcing the sales of their goods through j out the country. In addition to all these reasons and in i . is a gen ral ; dullness of trade and stagnation in btni ; ness. Members of Congress have been at I home and in contact with business men, i who do not wish to have a continuation of [ such stagnation, and they will naturally he i told that it is owing to some reduction and | a fear that a still greater lessening of the I currency will take place. One might also be led to believe that Congress has- delayed to take action in order that this state of' things shall he appealed to for an increase rather than a decrease in the currency, and i that they may have something like an ex cuse for failing ta do what they feel that j they ought to for the good of the country. ■ If these conclusions are correct, the busi ness of the country is suffering simply from ; the want of' action by Congress, and not j from any well _ grounded apprehension of ! what that notion may be. A\ bother the i j supposed course which Congress may take ; is the best for the country, is not so much | considered in this discussion, nor are the : measures by which the Secretary of the Treasury proposes to reduce the volume of the currency. It is not at all probable, however, that any course will be pursued by the Secre tary which has not tho sanction of Con gress, and it may therefore be taken for ■ granted that matters of finance will not ; materially be changed from the past year, except in the policy of the government be ing more settled. Business having been quiet so long, will naturally revive, and j there can be little doubt that the present I year will be a prosperous one. The ruling rates for gold are not likely to be much i lower for a year to come, ranging, proba* j bly. from 125 to 140, and the fear of too rapid contraction being removed, whether I the policy be a good one or not, it will i generally be availed of. —Nm England ! Dry Goods Reporter. | NEW SERIES-, VO!.. XXVI. N(>. 5. j TROUBLE ASIOM TIIE NEGROES 'o> j THE SEi ISLAND PLANTATIONS. The Negroes on Rack lllvor Armed and Organized—They Kel'use to .tlive up | the Hands. A rumor was prevalent in tin’s city yes -1 terday that r* collision had occurred bo ! tween a detachment of United States | soldiers and the freedmen on Mr. Chores’ plantation, by which several lives had ; been lost, but from what wo could loarn | there was really no conflict between them. | We found the officers very reticent, but • from what we could learn the facts are i these : An- order has been issued to Capt. ! H. C. Brandt, Commissioner of the Freed ! men’s Bureau, who has charge' of the negroes on Back-river, to the effect that the lands are to be turned over to the owners and the freedmen to make contracts. A portion of the Chores property has been leased by Mr. Smith Barnwell, who was desirous of making arrangements with the negroes, lint they positively refused, and threatened to take Mr, Barnwell’s life. Application was then' made to Capt. Brandt, who furnished Mr. Barnwell with a corperal and six men, with whom he proceeded to tlie place, but soon found that tlie negroes were determined to resist. He then came back and made application for detachment of fifty mem They were furnished from Fort Pulaski, and Lieut. M filer, of the Sixteenth Infantry, detailed to command them Capt. Brandt then proceeded across the rivwr and left twenty jjgc men at the mill. With the balance he s-Went to Me, BarnwajiA place, and at first • si’Vv-li'STnitTV put a few women and child: .-n. ; He read his orders to them, and said that i he came to them as a friend and not to I tight them. Soon thereafter the detach j inent was surrounded by three or four j hundred armed negro men and women, j the men keeping to the rear of the women | and children. | IV e have been informed that tlie negroes | have been thoroughly drilled and armed, j and that an officer, with sash and sword, was in command. We also learn that the ! negro lawyer, Bradley, who applied to be : admitted to practice in the Superior Court • last week, is at the bottom of the whole ! thing; that he has informed the negroes : that they cannot be removed ; that Con • gross has passed a law giving them the ; right to hold the lands; and that lie has j recommended them to resist the officers of I the Bureau. Some of the negroes present ed what they said was their warrant, and which had been given them by Bradley for the sum of one dollar a head. We understand that dispatches have been sent to General iSeotfc, informing him of the state _of affairs, and that he will probably arrive on the scene to-day. A steamboat left yesterday afternoon with supplies and stores for the soldiers, but wo did not hear of its returning last night. They were armed with clubs, hooks and muskets. The Captain stated that ho wanted them to appoint one or two men to talk the matter over with him, and ad vised them that he did not want to drive them oft the place, but merely to induce i them to make contracts with Mr. Barn ; well. This they ' refused, and said the I lands belonged to them ; they had paid taxes to the Government, and that they would not leave. While the parley was progressing, some of the negroes had got in the rear of the soldiers and behind a fence, and when dis : covered they had their guns pointed , through the holes of the fence, and bear i ing directly on the soldiers. Discovering i this, the Captain judiciously determined to withdraw Ids men, not wishing to shed ; blood, especially as the women and children would probably have been tho sufferers. He retired to the mill where he had left the balance of the soldiers, and came to j town for further orders from Gen. Scott, ! commanding the Distrirt.— Savannah News and Herald. Impeachment. It is no ordinary or trifling matter, this i proposal to impeach the President of the ! United States. It involves considerations ; of vast moment, affecting the whole future |of the country. If apublic officer is guilty of high crimes and misdemeanors—it he j has performed tho duties of his office v.u --i faithfully, neglecting the right, and wilfully j doiugthe wrong —if he lias been corrupt, j, (jS4:.ss betray,ed ;; the iatei'e,-U ;.u- Itrusteoto nidi—'then Tiis’iuipeachment is a ! proper course, and his removal from office a plain duty. But if this remedy is to be resorted to, it should be done with all the gravity and caution, with all the solemn consideration and deliberate action which : are necessary to connect the proper moral ! effect with the action. If done otherwise, ; the action would not only .prove ineffectual i for good, but would produce violent dis i suasion, and establish a precedent of fatal | character. It is not to be doubted that up to the | present moment every step taken toward the proposed impeachment of President Johnson has been destitute of the essen | tials of dignity, and has been especially characterized as partisan in feeling anil motive. An impeachment on party grounds can never be otherwise than ! wrong. An impeachment sustained by the members of one political party and op i posed by the members of another, has | necessarily the aspect of pure partisan feeling, and cannot be explained as other ! wise, unloss the theory be that all the op- I posing members are as corrupt and wicked as the officer whose impeachment is pro : posed. This ( rtainly th ca ■ in Washington now. No one is so wild as to imagine ail the members of Congress who ; oppose the impeachment of President John i sou as destitute of moral principle. In fact - it would be idle for any one tp say at present ! that the proposal for impeachment is auy ! thing but partisan, and thus far it appears to be urged only by the most violent class j of politicians. Among the people of the | country at large tho idea is regarded as ! so absurd and revolutionary that it is not i even thought possible, much less probable. Tho people aro not at aii awake to the im i portanee which it is assuming. The ! strength of party ties was never more severely tried than it is to be in this mat ter ; and it is not at ali unlikely that as in | former instances, the crack of the whip : will bring the whole party into tlie traces, ; and lend to rapid and sweeping action. | Gentlemen who to-day suppose that they | are firm in opposing the plan, may.find I themselves less firm and more warning a ; few days hence. Let us hope, however, for a different hu • ; ■ , of the . , ■ pressing in ire and u a suspension of party oppositions. De -1 liberate judgment, uninfluenced by party coiuiderntfoini, was never more needed | than now.. It the shackles could be thrown | off, there is sufficient ability in the present Congress to devise wise measures which would prove succc.s.-dul in the pacification j of the country and the restoration of per manent prosperity. If there were no ; anxiety to preserve party power on one j side, or to gain it on the other—if there were no contests for the spoils of office, no j greed of piece ami plunder on either side— lids impeachment proposed would sink out of sight, while tho great interest , now suf sering would receive proper uud effective treatment. —A ay \\>rk Journal of Com ; mcrce. The Manufacture of fat ton in the' ; _ The New Y ork World calls attention to the fact that the South is turning a mark ! ed attention to manufactures (some seventy or eighty cotton mills, be.-.: ios woolen mills, being in process of erection within her limns, 1 , an i remarks ; “Theßadical policy t ; toward that section of the country has I ,; Y-'ueoU an universal political apathy, energy of tho people crops u out now m an eagerness to develop their (t resources, and to add to their material “ , Asa manufacturer of cotton [( the South has every advantage over the u North, excepting capital, and capital never hesitated to go where remuncra ) tive returns aro absolutely certain. The " great advantage at the South will be th . > “ saying in transportation of the staple, j “ From the field to the mill, p- dhly o; i “ the same ground, is a shorter and I “cheaper transit than from the field to the I “seaportor freight depot, and thence hun | “ dreds oi'miles to Rhode Island or .Mas a j “ehusetts. Getting rid of the freights, the I “ commissions, the middle men, and transit j “ tolls of all kinds, will be more protection | “than the must .protective tariff the “wildest protectionist ever dreamed of” If the World had added thatt m that has not been subjected to : . an ,; the effects of transportation throne-ii dif ferent climates, is in better condition for manufacture _ and produces a superior fabric ; that in the South labor is cheaper fuel is cheaper* and less required, food is cheaper, bunding material and rents lower and the days longer and more genial it, would not then have exhausted tho enu meration of T advantages the South possesses over the North for the manufacture" of us great staple. We hope to live*to" see the day when not a pound of cotton will - o out of the South to bo manufactured.— Richmond Whig. The Stratford House, in Westmoreland ' county, Va., with 2,500 acres of land, the ! colonial homsteads of the Leo family and) the birth-place of General Robert E. Lee bas been recently purchased by the South- , ern Orphan Association. Xews ami Other Items. ‘ The Susquehanna is frozen solid. U Kangaroo hams are sold in London. Cupid is getting pugnacious at the West. Cincinnati has a “sacred museum.” Plenty of buffaloes near the Platte river. Rumor predicates the speedy matri mony of Colfax. Seabrook, N. 11., boasts a girl-whipping pedagogue. Oncondo Springs gave 7,093,240 bushels* of salt last year. The Hartford “rink” is infested with pickpockets. Gerrkt Smith has given so,ooo to the Cretan Relief Fund. • Skating rages in all partS'of Connecticut; ditto sleighing. Parepatetics is the new name of the Bateman concert troupe. The Brahmin year consists of eighteen months. Never say “die” unless you are a hair dresser. He who sows brambles must not go bare foot. They have oranges in Florida that weigh a pounu and a lialf Gold goes in at any gate except Heav en, s. The most dangerous of wild beasts is a slanderer; of tame ones, a flatterer. ' Kendall (liselaTnis candidacy either for the Presidency or the altar. lheEpiscopal bishops propose (o issues protest against Ritualism. ~.Credit—a wise provision by which sher ltrs and constables get their living. The world is a .great book, of which the never stir from homo, read onlva. jnii'e. . There have been ],600 divorces granted m Massachusetts in the last six years. Tuesday was one' of the coldest days experienced in New York this winter. ihe Chicago Tribune figures up $475- 000 spent for Christmas presents in that city. Baron Rothschild gave sixty thousand pounds of bread to the Paris poor at the Christmas season. twenty-five iarms have been sold in one section oi Alabama for the low price of $1 per acre. Sunday evening organ concerts are a Wture at the Church of St. Charles ixirromeo, .1 irooklvn. Mr. Gladstone has recovered from the attacic ol inflamed tonsils which ho expe rienced at Rome. An Isaac Van Verbcrg, cf Philadelphia, has left •'S f.,,000 to his betrothed, whose age is just twenty-one. Minnesota expects to have a population of 700,000 in 1870. . Four tons of Idaho silver arc m New York. . .Tim Pope has sent a great mm,hr of jewels, &0., to be deposited in the Parisian ~ ib'erend, Gurney & Cos. are paying their* urst dividend of lour shillings in (he pound. A man in France was fined SIOO for in a stage coach of . - v I' reneh proverb—follow your leader — in your daily paper. . by is Reform li!cc.agazelle? Because it is a bright eyed .deer. —London Punch,. Captain Rogers, who made the first pas stßr-T 1 tn ° *^ an tic !l steamship, is The Erie Dispatch says that lightning* rmgs would be an improvement on the mis tlic\ T have in that city. . * y the coin circulation of Great Britain trie loss per annum by attrition, is equal to £20,000 sterling. There are now thirty-seven places of 1 rotestant worship in Paris. A lew years ago there was none. -i lie Idaho Legislature bar, passed a bill appropriating $30,000 for the support of Catholic schools. It you take revenge, you may find it so Arqjig. a senT. that y6u will sneeze your beau off. . ‘ here is twohundred and seventy churches in Moscow, and all the bells rung at the same time on the occasion of the royal mar riage. 'I be subject of absorbing interest in ' drawing of the Art Association. A woman in London beat her husband to death with a poker because he failed to bring home his wages. A fool may answer more questions in an hour than a wise man can answer in a year. A number of ladies in Lowell were ar rested the other evening for forging lecture tickets. ° ° . A mother and two daughters were mar ried at the same time and place, in India na last week. Col. R. M. Li tier, editor of theDavcn port Gazette, has an inheritance of $75,000 awaiting him at Dublin. A game of chess is being played by letter, between tile clicks clubs oi two Ohio towns. The Hon. A. R. Bolder recently sold thirteen acres of land near Shepherdstown, containing water power, for $35,000. In no country in'the world is less hoed given to economising in daily e than in the United States. The Supreme Court of the United States has just decided a suit against a dead man. Nineteen weddings in Concord on Christ mas. It is to bo hoped they will all live in Concord. Caleb Stowell, a well-known and re spected citizen, and leading builder, of Boston, died 011 Saturday, aged seven four years. Hon. Wilkins Updike, for half a century one of the leading public men of Rhode bland, .lied on Monday at bis residence, m South Kingston aged eigthy-two years. , , arkcr, colored, is an independent candidate for Mayor of Allegheny City, Boston in England is more than ten de grees farther than Boston in America. One Steinmeter of Jersey City is charged with stealing a lady’s garter. The son of the Emperor of Franco , , isai compositor and printer. The Nashville publishers have clubbed together for the apprehension of persons who steal newspapers from doorsteps. I age 1857 of the World’s History com mences with accounts of frightful accidents, murders, etc., throughout the country. I he Illinois Journal asks if we can throw any light on kissing. Wo don’t want to. 'i he thing goes just as well in the dark. It will he an item of pleasant news to many musical readers time Madame Purepa < the violinist. \\o record the fact with pleasure, and wish all happiness to the union or so much talent, “Who is McGinnis?” appears to be the question of the hour at Washington. The interest winch he has suddenly excited arr-.es irom tue laet that he has rec-m'd the appointment of Minister to Stockholm. General Sterling Brice’s friends in St Louis intend to purchase a handsome house for him in that city. Thirty thou sand dollars lias already been raised for that purpose. lna« owl beggar, Lamartine, is passing arouna his hat again ; he wants the public to pay for the first four volumes of his memoirs, in advance of his death and their publication. „ Fhe Pensacola Observtr says that Judge Maxwell has tendered his resignation Associate Judge of the State Supreme ( - ourt - 1 I he same paper states that the customhouse, is undergoing repairs Time between Omaha and Salt Lake City now is only eight days. In these eight days travel there are three hundred UU. -of ratlr dm and nin hundi I p ta. , I,l*l y . ' 1 ‘ Mr.-:. Itoxana Dwight was lately fine! one cent and costs, at Pro-idem-,. striking Like Curtis in the hice‘"beAmt. she , hb , r arms around Mr. 'Dwight’s with her* 1 a&kcd “ m t 0 s ° t 0 the theatre ■■" l - Ira; feel him.-... ui'-posed to gape, he is ordered to suppress the > nsation as the work of the aenl, and to elo3e Ins mouth, lest the father ot iniquity should enter and take posses sion oi his person. It is curious that this opinion prevails also among the Hindoos, who twirl their fingers close before their mouth before gaping, to prevent an . evil spirit from getting in that way.— Griffiths. The Moon Committee of the Ik itish As sociation have issued a circular, calling at- tention to the fact that Herr Schmidt, of Athens, has observed during the last two months that the Lunar Crater “Linne,” on the Mare Seivnitatis (lat. 27 47 13,N., long. 11, 32 2S W.) has been obscured. The importance of this observation comes out in its full force, when we recollect that Sehroter, in 17s>s (Aov. 5,) recorded a dark spot in the place of “Mi nue. ’ larger than the crater. Is it pos.-.iblc that in this ob servation wc have an evidence of present activity • — Athencum.