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6ltromtU & Sentinel
AKD.NKaDAY MOESIH#. APRIL ‘is.
' with Brest Britain.
Since the celebrated discussion of the
Alabama treaty by the Benate of the
United States on the 13th instant, and
the exceeding belligerent speeches deliver
ed on that occasion by the Senator from
Massachusetts, and the Senator from Mi
chigan, the whole country seems to have
become very much exercised over the
prospect of a war with Great Britain. We
read that Sumner on the war path, deliv
ered ‘‘the best and greatest of his many
great speeches,” and so impressed was the
Senate ‘‘by the cogency of his argument
and the belief that it embodied the best
expression of national feeling on this ques
tion, that it removed the injunction of
secrecy, and the speech will be given to
the public within a few days probably-”
Chandler went even farther than his Mas
sachusetts friend, ana boldly announced
that the American continent was too small
to hold the two sovereignties; England
must cede to us the New Dominion before
the vexed question of the Alabama claims
could ever be definitely settled. With the
publication of these warlike utterances, the
country has been put into a state of fever
ish excitement. The Radical press, which
has arrogated to itself the guardianship of
the national honor, has adopted the ad
vice of Henry Ward Beecher, “dropped
Sambo and taken up Great Britain.” In
place of the long-winded diatribes against the
South which formerly filled the columns of
the journals of this party, we now find equally
as long-winded invectives hurled at the
British lion. Crbs for revenge for loil men
slain by rebels at the South have given
place to cries for reparation to loil men for
damages inflicted on them by piratical
privateers, equipped with British gold and
sailing from British harbors. Ku-klux
outrages sink into insignificance by the side
of British aggressions, and every Radical
stump-speaker in the North and West
sounds the war-whoop against the offend
ing nation. From the forum of the Senate
and the pulpit of Plymouth Church comes
up a cry for blood, or money, or land.
Numerous are the counts in the indictment
made by these parties against England—
destruction of Northern shipping during
the war, increased rates of insurance, suc
cor afforded to the rebels, the prolongation
of the rebellion, are all attributed to hated
Albion, an-t nothing may atone for the in
sults and injuries suffered at her hand save
war —or Canada.
Now while this has been the language of
Radical orators, journalists and preachers,
and while it may deceive the ignorant mas
ses of the North and West, who have for
so long a time been the dupes of ambitious
and unscrupulous demagogues, our own
opinion is that all this furious riding of the
Bird of Liberty, these warlike clamors of
newspaper patriots and the spread-eagle
orations of Chandler, Sumner & Cos. are
gotten up purely for effect and will end in
Treasury trades. Although five months ago
the Radical party succeeded in electing
their candidate, U. S. Grant, to the Presi
dency by what seemed a very large majori
ty, yet this was accomplished by distracting
the attention of the people from the chief
question at stake to issues which had nothing
to do with the contest, and now that
these side issues have been disposed of
and the masses begin to gain some insight
into the manner and for what ends the
government of the country is being con
ducted, anew diversion is sought.
The Republican party was never
in a more critical condition- It is at this
time, then, that its leaders, in order to re
gain their rapidly dopartiDg power and
popularity, sound the tocsin of war, think
ing the surest way in which to arouse the
national pride and rally to their support
the whole country, irrespective of party,
is by making the people believe that hostil
ities with a great foreign power are im
minent. No thinking man will be deceived
by this ruse. Every man of this class
knows that the United States aro not pre
pared for such a struggle- It is not usual
for a nation to tako up arms against a
power in every way their equal when they
have hut just emerged from a bloody and
protracted struggle with a portion of its
own people ; with a currency fluctuating
with the breath of money brokers; with
a Union dissevered by solemn enactments
and ten States treated as military
provinces ; with corruption pervading
legislative halls, and justice bargained and
sold by those solemnly invested with its
insignia—and vice in all its forms stalk
ing abroad throughout the land, not only
unwhipt hut defiant; and ignorance made
the test of loyalty, exalted as the badge
of power. Add to the existing debt
twenty-five hundred millions for a war
with Great Britain, and what would gold
be? Cut off foreign intercourse and foreign
trade, by an actual declaration of war,
and the Alabama losses will be mul
tiplied an hundred fold by sea, while
grain woyld rot in tho fields of the gTeat
West, and cotton decay in Southern store
houses. New England would prosper by
cheap grain and with oheap cotton, but to
all other parts of the Union there would
come decline and stagnation.
it would seem, thoreforc, preposterous to
talk about war in the present condition oi
the country. It does seem more preposter
ous that war should be advocated by New
England Radicals. Nevertheless, New
England Radicals declare for war, for
Charles Sumner is the mouth-piece, and
Now England governs tho country, both as
to its internal regulations and its foreign
policy. To appease New England’s virtu
ous wrath, U. S. Grant places in power for
the government of Southern rebels, South
ern negroes. W) soothe New England
pride, the question of war is entrusted to
New Englaud embassadors, and New Eng
land Committees on Foreign Relations
decide the fate of treaties. The President
declares that he has no policy of his own.
Mr. Sumner has declared his policy as the
policy endorsed by tho people. Does the
President accept it ? That he has accept
ed it in part is quite evident to any one
who will consider his Southern appoint
ments. Will 4° accept it as a whole ?
It rests with the President and New Eng
land to say whether or not there shall be
foreign war. The Pr .-sident’s home-peace
policy is to conciliate “rebels” by making
their late slaves, their present masters.
What is to be his foreign-peace policy?
Will he make war with England to pre
serve power to New England Radicals ?
The Boston Reform League.—Speech ot
William Lloyd Harrison.
A meeting of merchants and citizens of
Boston. Mass., was held in Chickering
Hall on Tuesday night last,and a “Reform
League" Association was formed. Ad
dresses in tavor of free trade were deliver
ed by Win. Lloyd Garrison and others. In
his address Mr. Garrison said :
There was nothing intricate in freedom,
free labor, free institutions, the law of in
terchange, the measure of reciprocity. It
is the legerdemain of class legislation that
creates confusion, sophisticates the judg
ment and dazzles and bet ray. Denying the
rectitude or feasibility of building our
selves up by an exclusive policy, obstruct
ing the natural flow of material exchanges,
he avowed himself to be a Radical free
trader, lie further said that wide as is our
country, and diversified as are its interests,
no discrimination was made or allowed in
the matter of trade and barter. Our ter
ritoral limits are continually enlarging, but
the same rule holds and must hold though
wo should twcicx every other country to our
own. Would American industry in that
ease be struck with paralysis? But
it thisindLsputabiy works well for *1! classes,
why will it not work equally well
if wo go with our free i xchanges beyond
the boundaries of our Republic ? In re
spect to two grand reformatory measure'
Great Britain had, to our discredit, takes
the lead of us and still held an advanced
position. The first was the abolition of
bcrcolonial slavery; the second, the repeal
of her corn laws and the substantial open
ing of her ports to all eomers. reserving
only some half a dozen dutible articles
out of fourteen hundred as formerly on her
list. His faith was absolute that un
shackled commerce would prove advan
tageous to every branch of human indus
try, whether at home or abroad. He pro
ceeded to recapitulate the objects of the
proposed Reform League, and trusted
they would meet the hearty approval of
all present, and at no distant day that of
the American people. Mr. Garrison ecu
eluded by saying that the object which had
[brought them together was neither parti
san nor geographical, but patriotic and a!
comprehensive ; not for anyone interest in
special, but for all interests ; not for Mas
sachusetts alone, but for the whole coun
try ; and its realization coaid not fail to
bring great and signal blessings along with
it, and to foster that expansive spirit of
human brotherhood through which at last
all the nations of the earth shall strike
hands in amity and peace.
What Good Will It Bo ?
Virginia, Mississippi and Texas are now
to be reconstructed under the late act of
Congress just as Georgia and other South
ern States have been reconstructed, that
is to say the citizens of the State are to
pay certain “loil” men to alter, amend
and reconstruct ou Republican principles
the organic laws of the State, and to elect
law makers who are to receive more dollars
per day for their professional services, and
who shall be “loil” to a Radical standard,
and loyal officials who will be loyal to
plunder; and after all this has been done,
in Republican form and according to Radi
cal formulas, these States will hi as other
Southern States —in the Union for taxa
tion and oat of it for representation. We
concur, therefore, in the views of the
Louisville Courier-Journal:
“We are unable to share in the rejoie i
ings of those conservative citizens of Vir- j
giuia, Mississippi and Texas who expect
the best results from the exercise of the
power conferred on the President to select
out from the projected constitutions of
those States such provisions as he pleases
for separate submission to the votes of the
people. The Democracy of the States
referred to apper to hive no doubt that
Grant will select from the constitution of
each of the three States for separate votes
the provisions most obnoxious to good
cii'zens. But we repeat that Grant is in
the keeping of the leading Radicals, that
he moves only as they move him, that he
decides only as they decide for him, and
that he will not endanger, by submission
to a separate vote of the people, any prof
visions which his Radical oracles think
that the people might vote down and
which are deemed necessary to the com
pleteness of the success of the Congres
sional plan of reconstruction. He will
submit to separate votes such provisions
as they advise him to submit, and he will
submit no others.
But, even if he were to act otherwise, if
he were to submit to separate votes, the
most obnoxious of the Constitutional pro
visions, and they were to he rejected by the
people, all this would avail nothing. Con
gress, he it remembered, has reserved to
itself the power of deciding, after Virginia,
Mississippi and Texas shall have voted
upon their respective Constitutions,wheth
er their work shall be accepted and they
received into the Union, or their work re-t
jetted, and they kept out of the Union.
Well, if their work isn’t in every respect
fully up to Radicalism’s high-water mark,
they will bo kept out of the Union. We
don’t suppose that any observer of the do
ing -i of Radicalism in the Capitol can really
doubt this. Only fatuity could doubt it.
Os course the whole purpose of Congress in
vesting itself with the power of ultimate
action upon the work of the three States
that are to vote upon their Constitutions,
was to secure perfect conformity with its
own views, and this purpose it will secure
at all hazards. But why talk of hazards?
What hazards will or can Congress incur?
Have not the people of the country shown
that they can ‘endure’ as long as the
Government can, pour on ? ’
“The New York World takes, on this
subject, a view substantially similar to
ours, and the Now York Times , in reply to
the World, says :
The allegation is that the rejection of
the disability or test oath clauses, if sub
mitted separately, will be followed by a
refusal on the part of Congress to accept
the Constitution without them. A single
fact should dispel apprehensions on this
head. Congress has approved constitu
tions in which clauses of' this character
have no place. The Constitution of South
Carolina is an example in this respect.
“It is true that Congress lias approved
constitutions in which test oath clauses
have uo place, but this is no indication
that Congress will approve other constitu
tions in which test-oath clauseß shall have
no place. Especially is it no indication
that Congress will approve constitutions
where such claims shall have been submit
ted to the people and rejected by them.
Congress has admitted States without
their having adopted the Fifteenth Amend
ment, hut Congress has made up its mind
to do so no more. Congress is all the time
changing its conditions of admission. It
is coulinually making the conditions hard
er and harder. It keeps no other object
in view than the maintenance of Radical
supremacy. To this it will sacrifice consist
ency, truth, self-respect, the Union, free
government, the cause of the country and
of' mankind.
The Amended Tobacco Tax Act.
The following is the full text of the act
approved by the President on Saturday,
to amend an act entitled “An act impos
ing taxes on tobacco, and for other pur
poses,” approved July 10, 1868;
lie it enacted, That section 155 of the
act entitled "An act to provide internal
revenue to support the Government, to
pay interest on the public debt, and for
other purposes,” approved June 30, 1804,
as amended by the ninth section of the act
of July, 1866, be furt her amended by add
itig thereto the following :
And be it further enacted, That any per
son having in his possession auy tobacco,
snuff or segars manufactured and sold or
removed from the manufactory or from
auy place where tobacco, snuff oi
segars are made since J uly 20, 1863, or any
person having in his possession segars irn-
5 1 orted from foreign countries since
uly 20, 1868,0 r withdrawn from a United
j States bonded warehouse since said date,
J such tobacco, snutf and segars having been
I put in packages as prescribed in the act to
j which this act is an amendment, and all
| the other requirements of said act relating
i to tobacco, snuff and segars, having been
complied with, and who, on the Ist day of
February, 1569, filed with the assessor or
assistant assessor of the district within
which he resides or his place of business,
the Inventory required by the seventy
eight and ninety-fourth sections of the act
of July 20, 1868, and who shall, prior to
selling or offering such tobacco, snuff or
segars for sale, affix and cancel the proper
| internal revenue stamps, shall be entitled
to have refuuJod to him an amount of tax
previously paid thereon equal to the value
! of the stamps affixed before sale as afore
said ; and the collector of revenue shall be,
! and is hereby authorized on appeal to him
made, to refund and pay back a sumofmoney
equal to the value of the stamps affixed, up
on satisfactory evidence submitted to him
that the tobacco andsnuli were actually man
uiactured and removed from the place of
manufacture, and that the segars were so
manufactured and removed, or imported
and withdrawn from a United States bond
ed warehouse and the several rates of tax
imposed ou such goods by the act of July
20th, 1868, as aforesaid assessed and paid,
and that the claimant had in ail respects
complied with the internal revenue laws,
as far as they have been or may be applica
ble to such articles. The Collector of In
ternal Revenue is hereby authorized and
empowered to prescribe such rules and
regulations for carrying out the provisions
of this section as in his judgment shall be
deemed proper and necessary. And the
collector may in an> case, at his discretion,
allow snuff and smoking tobacco manufac
tured prior to the 20th of July. 1868, not
in wooden packages, to be stamped and
s,.IJ in the original packages, and the rate
of duty on segars imported prior toJuly
20th, !#6B, and now remaining in bond,
shah be (he same as on segars imported
alter that date.
Preparations sou War.—A Wash
ington dispatch says : “There is a good
deal of truth in the current rumors about
the fitting out of iron-clad vessels by our i
naval authorities. Orders have been given j
to overhaul and refit for sea service sev
eral of these vessels, although there are no
orders assigning them to any particular
destination. The only object in view in
E reparing them for service seems to be to
ave them ready in case an emergency
shall arise in which they may be needed.
It is now well known in certain confiden
tial quarters that a special agent k»s been
sent to Cuba by the President to investi
gate the situation there and report resulm.
He left several days ago.
The Similarity of Radical Legis
latures. —The editor of the Independent
has a poor opinion of the material compos
ing the present Radical Legislature of
Pennsylvania. He says, the impression
being the result of a visit to Harrisburg.
“Never before have we seen so squalid an
arrav of low brows grouped together in any
one legislative chamber, not even in Alba
ny. Solid Pennsylvanians say freely (and
with many intersprtnkled damnations) that
the present Legislature is the most corrupt
that ever preyed upon that bleeding Com
mouwealth ” .
Tenure of Office Color.
W e of the South watch the operations
of the Government as spectators ; not as
with the indifference of such as have no
concern, but as greatly concerned as to such
matters as effect our local interests ; but
with unbiased judgment as to the ultimate
general results. We have no representa
tion. We share in none of the responsi
bilities of measures. If this works evil or
that ends in failure, whether this or that
pertains to foreign or domestic policy, it
is not to us a matter of responsibility. A
tutelage of four years of Federal inde
cision in reconstruction has taught us
more of self-government, more of living
outside of the Government, than all we
learned during that period of trial and
suffering, the period of war. It is, there
fore, more with curiosity than of interest
that we watch the progress of legislation
on the part of those who “run the machine
outside of the Constitution,” under the
demands of partisan loyalty. It is with
much of this spirit that we have watched
the progress of tho Tenure-of-Offiee Bill,
and the President’s action.
There is but little doubt but that the
Tenure-of-Office Bill had its origin, 'not in
the motive of general welfare or good of
: the country, but in a desire to secure
spoils for those in authority, and to per
petuate party power.
It was asserted by Radicals that the
continuance of the appointing power in
the hands of Andrew Johnson would en
able him to control the election and defeat
not only the Radical wing of the Repub
lican party but overthrow the party which
placed him iu office. It was expected that
so soon as the Republican candidate of
their selection succeeded to office, that
this restriction upon the Executive power
would he removed. This expectation,
however, has not been fullfiled. The
President took ground in favor of its re
peal. The Senate refused to surrender its
power. A sort of truce between these
high contending powers has been patched
up, and under this bizarre .treaty, the
President nominates and the Senate con
firms.
Thus far, under this compromise, the
President has nominated something over
one thousand out of the forty thousand
offices at his disposal, most of which have
] been confirmed. We are at a loss to know
j on what principal ground—except the plea
■ sure of the Senate and the President’s
! personal obligations. Fitness for office
| seems to he disregarded; the respect and
[ confidence of communities and the claims
of Republicans of acknowledged ability
ignored under frivilous pretexts or with
out pretext, to cithor claims or consistency.
In certain instances color seems to have
been made the test for qualification, and
when this test is made it seems to be enforced
in the same spirit as that which dictated
the Presidents famous peace prayer. We
have this title to office recognized not
fully and openly, hut by compromise in the
composition of color, by piece meal. Mr.
Burlingame ambassador from the Celestial
Empire, a citizen of Massaehassetts, intro
duces yellow faced pigtails from China. Mr.
President should nominate yellow faces
with no tails to office. The New England
Celestial ambassador having indicated the
exact sh de of color that is desirable, the
Senator from Massachusetts designates
and the President nominates, and all this
gives a neutral test to the complexion of
political principles. The prevailing shade
which we may reasonably infer as the court
color of the current administration will be
yellow—while and black being antagonistic,
are to be ignored. The color of the ad
ministration therefore promises to be Yel
low-plush. Somewhere between the views
of the President and the Senate and yel
low-faced officials, will remain octo
roons, quadroons and clear brown.
The Greenville & Columbia Railroad.
The Columbia Phoenix of the date of
last Saturday, contains an able and full re
port written by Col. P. H. Hammet, the
President of the Greenville & Columbia
Railroad Company of the present condi
tion of the affairs of that corporation and
its receipts and disbursements during the
past year. The exhibit made is a very
creditable one and will have the effect, no
doubt, to allay the fears which have been
so often expressed as to the solvency of the
corporation.
From the report we make the following
extracts:
The earnings of the road for the year
were as follows :
From freights $228,726 27
From passengers and extra 103,384 35
From Government transportation 1,898 35
From mail? 11,535 00
$345,543 97
Current or ordinary expense 196,231 22
Nei earnings over ordinary or
current expenses $149,312 75
Extraordinary expenses 20,000 00
Net balance, after paying all ex
penses whatever incurred dur
ing the year, both ordinary
and extraordinary $129,312 75
The earnings of the road for this year,
says the President, “were in excess of any
previ us years since the road has beeu in
operation, except those of 1859 and 1860,
when they were a little more, and except
also the three latter years of the war, when
the reecipts wero in Confederate money,”
He also adds, that “for the present year
the indications are that the earnings of
i the road will be largelyi n excess of the last.
For the first quarter of 1860, ending March
1 31st, the gross earnings were $120,666 65,
while for the corresponding months of 1868
they were $102,772 16, being an excess of
j $16,905 40. And that extensive and
active preparations are being made for an
increased crop of cotton and grain along
I* the line, it may be remarked that far the
i first quarter of the present year there have
been sent up the road about 6,000 tons of
1 guano and other fertilizers, which ig be
: lieved to he more than the aggregate quan
j tity sent up since the road was built.”
The foilowiag is a statement of the
[ bonded debt of the (jompjpv on the Ist
i day of January last:
First mor'gage
1 bond- out
standing,., ~,5320,500 00
Inter't ousamo
to January 1, #
1869 117,325 00
Coupons out
standing ou
first mortg'ge
bonds 22,032 50
Interest on the
same to J an
uary 1. 1869.. 8,357 53—1468,215 03
Guaranto'db’ds
issued under
Act of 1861.. 629,500 00
Coupo’sons’me
to January 1,
1869 86,117 50
Interest on the
same to Jan.
7, 1869 10,242 73 - 725,860 23
Guarant’d b’ds
and certifi’tes
of indebted
ness issued
under Act of
1866 246,618 52
Coupons on the
same to Jan.
L 1869 17,263 30
Interest on the
] same to Jan.
L 1869 604 22 264,456 04
j Bo nd s out
j standing, not
| secured by
mortgage 4-5.500 00
Interest on face
of same from
maturity to
January 1,
j 1868 63,272 50
j Coupons out
• standing on
same 120,715 00
Interest o n
same to Jan
j. uary 1. 1869. 29,292 19 708,779 69
Bonds and cer
’ tificatcs of in
! debted ness
issued under
second rnort*
gave 50.683 68
Coupons o n
same to Jan
uary 1, 1869. 3JW 86
Interest o n
same to Jan
uary 1, 1869. 124 17 54.355 71 I
Total amount of bonded
debt and interest J anuary
1, 1569 $2,221,096 70
This will be rednoed by the
funding of non-mortgage
bonds and coupons at one
for three 472.519 78
Correct amount of funded
debt when readjusted $1,749,176 92
Tbe Cuban Question.
Dispatch to the \New York Tribune.
Washington, April 18, 1869. I
The report sent hence of a contemplated (
extra session of Congress is evidently erro
neous, and based on the merest rumors.
Members of Congress, who have conversed
with the President on the subject, say that
he denies having any such intention.
There is nothing likely to occur, he says, 1
respecting the Cuban question that will |
disturb the peaceful relations which exist
between this Goverßment and Spain. The
duty of the Administration concerning this
subject is plain, and that is to observe a
strict neutrality between the Spanish au
thorities and the insurgents. The Ad
ministration would not if it could restrain
the sympathies of our people in behalf of i
the struggling insurgents against the
Spanish rule. Due precaution has been
taken to have the proper Government offi- |
cials exercise due diligence to prevent !
armed expeditions or munitions of war
leaving our ports to aid either the Span-!
iards or the insurgents. The head of the
Navy Department explains that the con
centration of a large naval force in the
Cuban waters is for the protection of
American citizens and their interests, and
the wisdom of this action has already been
demonstrated in dispatches just received
from the Vice Consul at Havana. He
states that General Dulce shows an entire
willingness to render ample reparation for
any injuries or insults inflicted upon Amer
ican citizens or their property. The Gov
ernment authorities claim that, undue ex
citement has been occasioned from the
fact that orders were dispatched some days
ago to the commandants of some of the
navy yards to have some of the best class
of vessels immediately put in order. It is
asserted that the only purpose which the
Department had in view in issuing that
order was to preserve and keep in repair
quite a number of first-class ships that
would, in the course of a year or two, be
rendered utterly useless by neglect.
The North Atlantic squadroD, which un
til recently has consisted of only six, is to
be increased immediately toeleven,viz : the
Cantoocook , Captain George It, Balch.
carrying the pennant of the Admiral com
manding, is a second-rate screw propeller,
2,348 tons and carries 13 guns ; the Nar
ragansett , Commander T. S. Fillebrown, is
a third-rate modern screw propeller, 809
tons, carrying three guns ;
Commander John IrwiD, a wooden paddle
wheel steamer of 726 tons, 9 guns; the
Yantic, Commander Trevott Abbott, a
screw propeller of the fourth-clas?, 503
tons, 7 large guns; the Nipsic, Lieut.
Commander T. 0. Selfridge, wooden
screw steamer, fourth rate[ 563 tons,
and 4 guns; the vessel lately added to
the squadron are the corvette Galena,
Commander A. W. Johnson, third class
screw vessel. 514 tons, mounting 8 guns ;
the sloop Seminole , Commander E. K.
0 /en, is a third class screw steamer, of
550 tons, carrying 8 guns ; Saugus, Com
mander Joseph W. Fyffe, is a double tur
retted iron-clad of the monitor pattern,
580 tons, 2 heavy turret guns ; the Mos
holu, a second rate screw propeller, 2,348
tons, and carries 13 guns ; the Sabine, old
class frigate, second rata 1,726 tons, carry
ing 34 guns, making a total of 108 guns,
besides two heavy turret guns. This dis
play of force has become necessary to secure
the rights of country pending the revolu
tion in Cuba.
Washington, April 20, 1869.—Doubt
less the adoption of some such proposi
tion as that offered by Mr. Chandler in
the Senate yesterday was the logical §tep
to be taken next after the fulmination of
Sumner’s rhetorical declaration of war
against England, When you were in
formed a week ago that the acquisition of
the British North American possessions
was to be made the initial point of new
negotiations in respect to the “ Alabama
claims,” it might have been accompanied
by the statement that my information was
derived from Senatorial sources of high
authority. It was not only then known
that the Michigan Senator intended to
press the point in open session, but that
he was encouraged in his course by more
than a dozen of his Radical colleagues.
You have been sinced informed that the
original plan has been so far modified (if it
can be called a modification at all) as to
provide and indirect mode of reaching
negotiation—through a systematical disre
gard of our neutrality laws—immediately
with regard to Cuba ; and ultimately in
respert to Canada, when the proper time
arrives. In the meantime Mr. Motley
will receive no instructions to revive the
discussion upon the critical point. The
policy, whatever may be said of its pru
dence, comports less with tho honor and
dignity of the greatest nation that the
sun ever shone on than that proposed by
Mr. Chandler. Nevertheless, 1 predict
that the Senator’s proposed resolution will
he consigned to the ‘ tomb of too Capu
lets,” wherein are interred the bones of
all the departed Browns and Iveses of
Rhode Island.
In the midst of Congressional specula
tions as to what is to bo done with Great
Britain, it might he as well probably for
the sober peoph ol the United States to
look at the view which that Government
takes of the perilous position. Luckily
they have, in advance of the thundering
manifesto of the Massachusetts statesmam,
the views of the English Secretary for
Foreign Affairs. In a recent speech Lord
Stanley, in recognizing tbe defeat of the
Johnson treaty, took the thing quite cooly:
“As for our part, it seemed to me plain
and clear from the first, and it seems
to me plain and clear now, that there
never has been a question upon our side of
offering reparation for willful and inten
tional wrong, because we don’t admit, and
we have no right to admit that any such
wrong was ever committed by us. [Cheers. ]
But what we have all along in substance
said is this, that international law being
vague, and many new points of interna
tional law having arisen in connection with
the events of the late war, it was quite pos
sible that upon either side or upon both
sides, in the absence of precedents to guide,
acts of unintentional wrong might have
been done, and that the question whether
they had happened or not, was one we are
perfectly ready to refer to the judgment of
an impartial arbiter. That is the substance
of the language we have held throughout,
and whether it leads to an immediate set
tlement of the matters in dispute or not, it
seems to me—although I may startle some
persons by saying it— a matter of very sec
ondary importance. Whatever happens
in this respect, we have secured the main
point —we shall have satisfied our own
consciences, and we shall have p«t our
country unmistakably in the right.”
I have frequently adverted to the out
ragccus falsehoods of the Radical organs
concerning the Southern people. It is
doubtful, however, whether a more das
tardly, heartless and deliberate lie to
injure innocent people has ever been per
petrated than that essayed by the Chronicle
in its is»ue of yesterday and to-day. It had
published, on the 18th, a short account of
the murder of a man in Georgia, named
Ayer. Seeing a chance to malign the
Bom.lv nexf day it manufactured and pub
lished a dispatch of the following tenor:
“Atlanta, Ga, Aprjj 18.—Dr. Ben
jamin Ayer, of the Georgia delegation to ‘
Washington, the oldest member of the 1
Georgia Legislature, and a staunch Re
publican, was brutally and inhumanly mur
dered near his home in Jefferson couuty,
by Kukiux, on Thursday night last. He
was found on the public road shot through
the head. Thus, the first of the Georgia
delegation has perished by the wayside.”
“Yesterday authentic intelligence was ;
received here and elsewhere that Ayer was ’
murdered and robbed by a negro named j
Wilsou, who is now in prison, and that he j
was caught with the murdered man’s \
pocket-book and money upon hd person. >
No one could expect, of course, that tbe i
Chronicle would yet contradict its fraudu- i
lent report. But, with this really unques- [
tinned evidence before it, it might be sup
posed that it would not persist in its origi
nal lie. Yet this very morning—averting
to discredit the true statement, which was I
before the writer —tbe Chronicle repeats it i
with additions equally false and malicious, !
as follows:
“The question naturally presents itself,
would he have been round dead by the
roadside had hs not been a friend of Con
gress and a Republican patriot ? He is i
said to have been the only white man in ]
the county who had the courage to vote i
for General Grant. We learn from private
sources that many outrages are being com
mitted against the negroes in the counties
of Colombia, Lincoln and Elbert, and that
in Johnson county a man who had been
notified by the Ku-klux committee to leave
the town by a certain day named was
i attacked at his house and is now ‘lost.’ j
It is currently reported also, among the
Georgians in this city, that a man named
Webster, who is said to have been an as
sistant assessor of internal revenue, has
been badly mal treated in Houston eoun
tty. o»her Georgians here, however, swte
that Webster has not been maltreated!
merely, bat has been hanged. These are !
some of the results of leaving Georgia un
der rebel rule during the vacation of Con- ;
gress. In the States where in Republican j
rule is fully established there is oompara- :
tive peace and contentment. In Georgia, j
on the other hamk the contest is still left j
unsettled by the failure of Congress to
ake action upon the matter, and theresult
is that in many portions of the State no
prominent Republican will be secure either
in life or property during the entire Sam
mer and Fall-
Note. —Full particulars of the murder !
of Ayer have been published in the j
Chronicle <fc Sentinel, detailing that
he was murdered bya negro named Wilson
Flournoy, who committed the deed for j
Ayer’s money.
We have neither in the papers nor
heard of any outrages committed on
Webster or on any'rone else in any parto f
the State. Reported Ku-klux outrages
in Georgia are played out. Oar people
are peaceable and law-abiding as those of
any State in or out of the Union.
The Repeal of State Aid for the Educa
tion or the Indigent Maimed Soldiers.
Editors Chronicle & Sentinel:
If the reader will observe the 158th
Act passed by the last Legislature, and
which has now become a law, he will per
ceive that the caption thereof reads :
“An Act to repeal an Act to educate the
indigent maimed soldiers of Georgia,”
approved December 18, 1566.
This act of December, 1866, was to the
effect that State aid to the amount of
S3OO per annum, should be extended to
every indigent maimed soldier of Georgia,
under thirty years of age, who could pre
sent testimonies of good character, and of
service in the Confederate or State forces.
In consideration thereof those soldiers
were to solemnly bind themselves to teach
in some county of the State. This, then,
was a bona fide contract between Georgia
and the soldiers, and, under its provisions,
some two or three hundred young men
have been pursuing their studies at the
colleges specified in the act. Men good
and true, characterized by a zeal only
equalled by their progress.
While now every eye is turned and every
hand directed to the development of the
resources of Georgia, and while every mind
fully realizes that all national greatness
and glory must u’tiuiately depend upon
the education of her people, this Legisla
ture, iu the drunken revelry that charac
terized their last night’s session, forgetting
its own honor, utterly ignoring the iuterejt
of the State, and seeking to conceal iis
villainy and shameless profligacy beneath
a flimsy veil of meek economy, has repell
ed the act for the education of the men
who were rendered helpless in the defence
of Georgia’s right and Georgia’s honor;
thrusting them out of the institutions of
learning without a dollar in their pockets,
without the moans of getting home and at
a season of the year wlien labor goes beg
ging. Was there over a more damnable
action performed by any set of'men? Pic
ture the scene and imagine the feel
ings of nearly one hundred students,
buoyant with hope and earnest with intel
lectual labor gathered together to hear
their dismissal. Eyes that,uudimmed,had
gazed upon the field of death were filled
with tears ; forms that had trembled not
in the! mad shock of battle, bowed with
emotion. And well might they weep and
bow to see their fond hopes blasted, their
bright futures destroyed ! And this,
forsooth, because the Legislature of Geor
gia having fritted away the people’s money
to the extent of millions, must practice
economy at the sacrifice of the honor of
the State, and of the happiness and pros
perity of her battle-scarred heroes.
And were this all, the brave men who
have been robbed of man’s most priceless
jewel—an education, might console them
selves with the thought, that they and
Georgia were the only sufferers. But
»ore. Their expenses for three months
have not been paid, and the families that
have boarded these soldiers, ill able to
sustain the loss, have been swindled out
of their hard earnings by the legislators of
Georgia.
This subject has attracted hut little no
tice, yet it is to be hoped that one of such
moment will command the attention of
the press and people. No terms of con
demnation can be too severe to express the
detestation that such an act creates. And
when anew legislature assembles let it, if
possible, remedy the evil that the old has
occasioned. Wilt.
Letter from lierzella.
Beuzelia, April 21, 1869.
Messrs. Editors : —The rains of which I
made montion, appear to have extended
far above this, so that we may now take it
for granted that the farmer’s heart has
been cheered by this long desired and loDg
wanted desiderata.
This is a very quirt place— the monotony
only being disturbed by the whistle of ap
proaching trains. The climate is delight
ful, and I more than wonder that Aiken
should be crowded, when Berzelia, equally
healthy and breezes the most invigorating,
should be neglected. Here the excellent
landlord and landlady are ever at their
posts, dispensing smiles and comforts to
their boarders; and their table literally
groans with everything in viting for the inner
man. Here, also, area couple of mineral
springs very strongly impregnated with iron,
so that those who, like myself', are seeking
stiength and relia , this is the very place
for them. It is hut a pleasant ride—twen
ty miles—and oneeau go down to the city
in the morning by the Picayune train, re
main all day aud return in the evening.
Certainly Northerner?, seeking a pleasant
spot can find no more delightful retreat
than under the roof of Col. H. D. Leitner.
I take this oeoasiou to contradict, authori
tatively, the report started in Augusta that
Colonel Leitner intended to a.low no pic
nics up here this season. On the contrary,
he desires all he can get and more besides.
I was around looking at the shed, and as I
stepped on the to floor I was tempted to
take a jig all alone to myself. It looks
just as natural as it did last 4:.h of July.
A Weary Pilgrim.
Letter from Tennessee.
Leban n, Tenn , April 18, 1860.
To the Editors of the Chronicle &
Sentinel .-—ln accordance with my prom
ise, I proceed to give you a brief sketch of
my trip to tiiis “land of plenty,” and my
observations hereabouts since my arrival.
The trip to Chattanooga was as unevent
ful and devoid of interest as railway
journeys, over a familiar route, usually are.
Os the city of Chattanooga itself, I confess
my inability to speak in terms which would
“do the subject justice.” It is said that
the soldiers of the Confederate army, dur
ing the late unpleasantness, were in the
habit of saying that they had rat her die at
Meridian, Mississippi, than at any other
place in America, since they could leave
that town with less reluctance than any
other. My experience of the delectable
spot mentioned is yet in the future, but if
there be any unenviable distinction in
which it surpasses Chattanooga, then the
Lord help Meridian !
From Chattanooga to Nashville my ob
servations were confined to the interior of
a sleeping-car. I arrived at the latter
place about sunrise and spent several
hours there—not enough, by far, to see all
that was to be seen, but amply enough
to fall perfectly in love with the
“city of Rocks.” Delightfully situat
ed on the bank of the Cumberland river,
admirably laid out, with its streets lined
with magnificent public buildings, stores
and private residences, and thronged dur
ing the day with bevies of beautiful i
women, and possessing a society second to
that of no city in the Union in point of
intelligence, culture and opulence. Nash
ville is one of the most charming places of !
residence of which I have any knowledge.
Its manufactures ;re rapidly increasing— j
already almost everything Is here !
which can be made anywhere, from a ;
plough to a church organ —and Nashville 1
bids fair to become, in a very j
I few years, the first manufacturing >
city in the Sonth. The public
I buildings are of the first erdey, The eapi
tol is especially remarkable. It is built
entirely of the beautiful white Tennessee
. limestone, and is acknowldged to be the
i most splendid State capitol in the country.
] That this magnificent building, crowning;
; the summit of Capitol Hill, and looking
| down on tbe metropolis of the noble old
Volunteer St*te, should be polluted by the
presence of as vile a crew of native scalla
j wags and imported carpet-baggers as ever
: disgraced a penitentiary, is the saddest of
| sad reflections.
The country between Nashville and this
! place, which is thirty miles eu;t, and con
nected with the city by an excellent Pike,
; traversed by a daily line of coaches, is
j gently undulating, and the soil is fertile,
easily cultivated and admirably adapted
j for tfie production of the staple cereals.
| The prospects for a good wheat crop, I am
I i*formed, were never better.
| Lebanon, which is the county seat of
i Wilson county, is a village of about three
' thousand inhabitants, situated immediate
; ly on the route of the proposed Tennessee
j & Pacific Railroad. This road has been
already surveysd, ha3 $600,900 in Wilson ;
j and Davidson county bonds already voted, '
; and is almost certain to be bijilt.at least as far
as Lebanon. The town la eligibly situated,
: remarkably healthy, and the society is
j surpassed nowhere in the Sonth. The
i celebrated Cumberland University is
i located here, in addition to which there are
two excellent female seminaries - render
ing the educational facilities of the place
of the first order. I have never spent two
weeks more pleasantly than since I have
been here.
Chancery Court is now in session.
Among the lights of the bar. I notice Col.
Jordan Stokes, one the ablest criminal law
yers in the South, and Hon. Robert L.
Carutjiers. who was at one time Judge of
the Supreme Court, Governor of Tennes
see during the war, and has been a mem
ber of both the United States and Con
federate Congress. He has no intellectual
superior in the State.
I may write yon again, should I find
opportunity before I leave. y. E. 8.
The total amount of internal revenue
collected in the Thirty first (the Wall
street) District of New York, since the
establishment of that district, is $44,423,
252 15,
Georgia Items.
Acquitted.-*-A. \Y. Jackson, charged
with the murder of William A. Taylor, on
the oOth of August, 1868, was tried last
week at M ashington Superior Court aud
acquitted.
lin DE , Ar> - The Atlanta Intelligencer says:
Jiy letter we learn of the death of a most
estimable lady in Athens—. Miss Susan
Lrawford. She was a daughter of one of
the great men of the country, Hon. ffm.
id. Crawford.”
Condition of Rev. S. Anthony.—
l pon visiting Rev. Mr. Anthony yester
uay, we were highly gratified to find him
in tine spirits, and with a cheering hope of
being ab,e to leave his room in two weeks.
His wound, though yet painful, is now in
a _i air way to heal, and his physicians say
it i> only necessary tor him to continue his
patient waiting a while longer.— Americus
Lotner, \2th-
Rome. We are pleased to learn from
our confrere of the Commercial, that the
valuation of real estate in Rome this year
aqounts to $1,152,800; an increase of
$556,625 over last year. Contracts for the
election of new buildings have been let out
f*r about SIOO,OOO. This is a gratifying
eridence ot the prosperity of the Romans.
—Atlanta Constitution, 20th-
The Odd Fellows of Griffin celebrate the
semi-centennial anniversary of the intro
duction ot their order in America, on Mon
i day nest. Macon has a similar celebra
tion. AtlantaOddFellows who aredisposed
to celebrate will'go to Griffin, and help out
the villagers.— Atlanta New Era.
iiiF. Wheat Crop.—We regret to note
that the wheat in this locality, which, a
few days since appeared so promising, is
now “firing up,” which is supposed to be
produced by the protracted dry' spell that
we have had for the past few weeks.
Since the above was put in type, we
have enjoyed a refreshing season, which
was very timely and much needed. — Cov
ington Examiner.
Hon. A. H. Stephens.—From a gen
tleman who saw and conversed with Mr.
Stephens on Tuesday, we are rejoiced to
learn that he continues to improve steadi
ly. The injury was a very serious one to
one of Mr. Stephens fragile mould, but
we are glad to hope that he will shortly
have so far recovered as to be able to com
plete his history of the late war—a work
in which he takes great interest, and which
he is extremely anxious to complete.—
Atlanta New Era.
Y\ eatiier, Crops, Etc.—We have been
having, for the last ten days, very dry
weather, from which the farming interests
of the county were suffering, but on yes
terday and last night were blessed with
fine seasons, greatly improvingthe appear
ance of vegetation, which had began to
look a little unhealthy, and lead one to the
belief that crops were going to be cut short.
Tne fruit crop in this section promises
an abundant yield, as it sustained but lit
tle injury from the late cold snap.— Eaton
ton Press and Messenger, 20th.
Assessor Belcher - Mistakes Cor
rected. —Belcher, recently appointed As
sessor of Internal Revenue in tho Third
District, was not, as we stated yesterday,
among the members of the Georgia Legis
lature declared ineligible on account of
color. He was still, up to the time of his
appointment, a member of the Georgia
Legislature, and, although reported in the
press dispatch as colored, has every ap
pearance of a white maD, and was
in command of a company of whites
in the Federal army during the war.
Both Davis and Belcher were held to Lave
less than an eighth of the African inter
mixture, and were left in the undisturbed
possession of their seats in the Legisiature.
Macon Telegraph.
Ho ! for Atlanta.—At the last meet
ing of the Palmetto Fire Engine Company,
it was resolved to visit Atlanta, Georgia,
to participate in the parade of the Fire
Department of that city on the Ist of May.
A resolution was also passed inviting a
delegation of five members from each com
pany in the Department to accompany
them. Arrangements will be made at an
early day; and those companies who desire
to send delegations should make applica
tion at once. The cost of each man
the round trip, it is estimated, will be sl7.
Charleston Courier. •
A correspondent of the Savannah News,
writing from Quitman, April 20th, says :
On last Sabbath a little boy, aged about
ten years, and son of Mr. Alexander Hum
phreys, of this (Brooks) county, went
fishiug with a negro boy about fifteen years
of age During the day the negro killed
the white boy and ran off. He was appre
hended and confessed the deed.
Subject foj» Investigation. —The
Grand Jury of the present week, of Ful
ton County Superior Court, will probably
investigate the c aracter and author of
the lying dispatches sent from this city
about outrages, etc., aud report in their
presentments the result of that investiga
tion.—Atlanta Constitution, 21 st.
Suicide.—Mrs. Potter, aged about 70
years, widow of Washington Potter, late of
Calhoun county, committed suieide on the
I.sth inst., at the house of her son-in-law,
Mr. Thomas Wilkerson.
The circumstances attending this rash
act, so far as wo can learn, are as follows-:
Mr. and Mrs. Wilkerson were from home,
leaving Mrs. Potter to take care of the
house during their absence. Mrs. Potter
placed a bandage over her eyes, a rope
around her neck, climbed up. the side of
the house, tied the rope to one of the logs
or poles of the house, and suspended her
self, thereby causing death. We know of
no cause but a general one in such cases—
aberationof mind.-- Dawson Journal 22 m1.
An Italian Colony for Ueargia.
We had an interview yesterday with
Signor Joseph Borra, an intelligent Italian
who is well acquainted with our country,
and particularly the State of Georgia. He
is now at the head of a company of small
capitalists, for whom he wishes to pur
chase an island, say St. Catherine, St.
Simons hr Cumberland, or any other as
healthy as these, containing from two to
five thousand acres of goodland (no marsh
shes). They will survey and examine the
land, two or more thousand acres suitable
for cultivation, and the balance iu good
timber. The price must not exceed five
dollars per acre; the payments as follows :
First year thev will pay the interest of the
money at seven per cent.; the second,
third, fourth and fifth years equal pay
ments with the interest of the money due
until ail be paid. The islands that he has
seen are St. Simons, Cumberland and
St. Catherines. There are o hers that can
answer as well as these. If the people of
Georgia desire to open the channel for
immigration to this part of the State,
they must forward their propositions im
mediately, as he mast know before the
10th of May next, for in ease the owners
of the land will not accept the proposition
the aompany will immediately accept an
offer in Virginia, and Mr. Borra will pro
ceed to Italy by the first steamer in June
: next.
I _ These colonists propose to engage, first,
j in agriculture, and they prefer is ands.
I because they do not wish their laborers to
j be mixed up with the blacks. After fully
j settled, they expect to introduce certain
; manufactures of great importance to the
j Southern people, and which will add con
siderably to the wealth of the State. We
hope '.he necessary inducements may be
ottered these immigrants to settle on our
coast. Wc are assured that none but
honest and thrifty Italians will be brought
out, and in the hands of such inen one of
oijr sea islands would soon blossom like the
rose.— fjaoahhah hr publican.
BTEEDMAX IX CUBA.
The (iCueralN Effect* a LandiDg
on the Inland.
Washington Dispatch to the Cincinnati Gazette.
Telegrams from Savannah lead friends
of the Cuban revolution to believe that
General J. B. Steedman has been success
ful in landing in Cuba with a picked force
of men. The expedition has been in pre
paration a number of months. Steedman
himself, spent two weeks in Havana, and
during the latter part of the time was so
far under arrest to be ordered quietly by
the Captain-General to report to him daily.
The first rendezvous of his party was on
one of the islands near New Orleans.
When Admiral Holt’received his first or
ders, the headquarters of the expedition
were changed to a point on the' Florida
coast.
A blockade runner, captured from the
rebels in the late war, was obtained, and
the belief is that nearly a thousand men,
well supplied with arms and thoroughly
accustomed to them, have been landed.
The Cuban leaders have been fully ic
qua in ted with Steedman’s movements for
some time. Information has been received
that bodies of men are nightly drilling in
New York, whose ultimate destination is i
Cuba, though they will probably not leave
diroct from that city. It may be stated in
this connection that the Navy Department
has just added five vessels to the squadron
in the Atlantic, so that it now consists of
eleven vessels, with an aggregate of 108
guns.
Prim made, in 1567, a bet with the
Duke of Hamilton that (J|ueen Isabella
would no longer De on the Spanish throne
in the year 1869. The Duke of Hamilton
paid the bet on the Ist of January' In
making it he had counted on the friendship
of his august relative, the Empress Eu
genie. for the daughter of Ferdinand the
Seventh.
Berryer did not ‘leave any articles of
much value, but several things at the sale
brought high prices simply because they
belonged to him. One of his canes brought
eighty francs, and a writing desk brought
eleven hundred francs. Some things went
: very low, however, among them a portrait
! of Rossini, which the musician sent him
with an autograph inscription, which
; fetched only 100 francs, The total product
I of the sale was only 35,000 francs.
AGRICULTURAL.
Contributions on practical farming are
solicited from our friends throughout the
country.
Corn-f ribs and Granaries.
We are glad to get a really new idea on
the subject of corn cribs. The way of
bracing a twenty-four corn crib so that it
shall be in no daDger of blowing over in a
gale, by a wing at right angles to it, and
attached to the centre of one side, is to us
quite new. It is communicated to the
Agriculturist by Mr. F. Davis, of Newport
News, Va-, who describes his corn house
as consisting of four rooms, each eight
feet square, the middle or front one having
a closely-boarded front and floor, the oth
others having both front and sides
of open-work. Mr. Davis says, “No
one but myself believed that it would save
the corn, because there was so much
of it bulked together.' ’ The result, how
ever, has proved eminently satisfactory.
He adds, in regard to the details, "I make
the floor of narrow boards, placed three
quarters of an inch apart, and the sides of
narrow strips, half an inch apart, thus
giving plenty of ventilation. Corn may be
husked as soon as it it is safe to pull it from
the stalk, and stored in such a crib in as
large a bulk as one has room for, and it will
Dot injure in the least. The open floor is
what keeps it from heating. There is no
need of making a corn-crib narrow at the
bottom, far rain will not beat in on a per
pendicular side, to do any harm, if the
floor is an open one. The middle or front
room should have a tight floor and front,
as this is the place to shell the corn, keep
seeds, etc. The sills should be three and a
half feet from the ground, laid upon solid
'posts, set at least three feet in the ground.
Sheets of tin the posts at the
upper end are better than inverted pans.or
flat stones, as such things upon the top of
the posts arc liable to be injured, are not
easily repaired, and are iu the way. The
tin should reach all around the post, and
extend down ten inches from the top.
Tenons in tho tops ol the posts should be
made to enter mortises in the sills. There
are two especial benefits iu a crib such as I
describe: First, the building has a broad
foundation, without being a very large one
and is not liable to be turned over by the
wind, as is often the case with the Jong,
narrow (and narrower bottomed) ones wc
often see. Second,. the door is in the
middle, making it convenient to fill all
tlie three store rooms without either
carrying the grain far, or running over
much corn. There is no use of more ven
tilation over the top tliao the three gable
ends afford. The sides of the crib should
be well girded, and the strips strongly
nailed to them, so that the weight and
pressure of the corn cannot open them.
Tho floor must also be strong. There
should be ten posts under the crib. I
think ten by ten feet square the best size
for each of the rooms, and that will make
room for a good crop, and will hold all of
a small, and leave room to pack away any
thing that you wish to keep away from
rats and mice.”
Experience with Fancy Pigs.
About a year ago we purchased a pair of
pigs, descended from the stock of the Earl
of Sefton, in England, for which wc paid in
their early infancy S6O, calculating with an
utter disregard of the old story of the milk
maid in our spelling book, that if the sow
would give two litters a year it wou and be
reasonable to hope for eight pair of pigs,
which, sold at S6O a pair, would produce a
gross incomqof S4BO. Os course SBO would
be ample for feed and care, and the very
handsome profitof S4OO a year would make
the investment of S6O a most brilliant one.
And now for the result! After a year of
most careful and somewhat expensive
treatment, duriug which the animals pur
chased have grown to fair, but not to
astonishing proportions, there has at last
been produced a litter of five pigs, four fine
ones and one “runt.” Whether owing to
the high motile of the mother or to her
natural viciousness, whether to pre
determined infanticide or to accident,
we are unable to say; but this
promising family has been reduced, one by
one,until now the sum total cf the progeney
available for future operations is one pig !
While it still might be possible to sell to a
credulous person a pair of those pigs for
S6O, we have found it impossible to get an
offer of S3O for half a pair. Having in
vested in this enterprise, we propose to
see it through, but our hope of magnificent
results is slightly dimmed, and our plan of
future operations will probably confine
itself to such tactics as will get back for the
whole concern, young and old, a gross sum
of S6O, charging the cost of a year’s keep
and of baffled hopes to the account of ex
perience. This, however, does not prove
that the Sefton pigs are not excellent, and
probably they arc There is no doubt that
much of our misfortune is the result of too
long continued in-breeding in the hern
from whioU iKo purchase was mado. But
tho moral of the tale plainly points to the
recommendation,- not to invest large
amounts of money in untried breeds of
fancy animals, with a confident hope of
making a good deal of money by the opera
tion. — Agriculturists.
Good Cows for Poor Men.
Every poor man who can afford to do so,
naturally keeps a cow; but lie generally
makes the mistake oi keeping a cheap cow,
that is, a cow of poor quality. Spending
from S4O to S6O for her purchase, he se
cures an animal that, on not very abundant
food, but still kept at some expense, sup
plies the family with enough milk for their
use. He considers the operation a profit
able one, and undoubtedly it is so. Many
poor men would be inclined, we fancy, to
think us wild in advising them to pay so
much as even SIOO or $125 for an extra,
good cow, the best that can be found in the
neighborhood; yet we are confident that in
a majority of cases, duo care being given to
the animal s health, cleanliness, and ample
nutrition, the profit would bo very much
greater than with an inferior animal.
Probably the average of cows kept for tho
family use of poor men will not give more
than 1,500 quarts of milk per annum, or
at the most, 1,800 quarts This amount of
milk, in the family ofthc ordinary mechan
ic or laborer, is worth five cents a quart for
home consumption—say $75 or SBO a year.
Out of this sum is to be paid the interest
of the animal’s cost, her depreciation in
value, and the price of purchased food,
which is more or less according to the cir
cumstances under which the family live.
For $125, even in other districts than
those which are chiefly devoted to the keep
ing of cows, an excellent animal, frequently
a grade Ayrshire or Short-horn, may be
purchased, that will give with good care
on rich food, not less than 4,000 quarts of
milk per annum. Instances are not rare
of the yield reaching even 5,000 quarts.
W ith such an animal wo will suppose that,
as in the previous case, 1,500 quarts are
consumed by the family, and are estimated
to be worth $75. This leaves 11,500 quarts
of milk for sale ; and, in almost every vil
lage in [he land, this m Ik may be readily
sold at the door for six or eight, and not
seldom for ten cents a quart. At the least
price—six cents—the total amount of sales
would be slso,which would pay for the ex
tra food required to keep this larger animal
in the best condition, and for the increased
interest and depreciation, and leave a hand
some profit besides. Any cow must be
sheltered, fed, milked and generally at
tended to. The amount of labor required
in the case of the better animal is in no
respect greater than i-n the case of the
poorer The profit of the operation is
all real profit, and no small account should
be made of the greater satisfaction and
pleasure that result from full milk-pails
than from those half full, from fino cows
than from ‘'scrubs.” Tt is a return to that
old principle that whatever is worth doing
at all is worth doing well ; and if it will
pay to keep any cow at all it will surely
pay to keep the best cow that we can afford
to buy.
f from the tiew York shipping an/i Commercial Lie.j
The Cotton Trade—Southern Prosects.
The cotton trade on Doth sides of the
Atlantic continues in an anomalous condi
tion. Stocks are everywhere running low,
with no prospect of replenishment till
another cr jp shall ho ready for market, as
there is a progressive decrease of receipts
at our own ports, while the Indian sup
plies promise to fall materially below those
of last year, and the minor sources of
Egypt, Brazil, &c., afford only a bare
average quantity. Although prices are
about three cents per pound below the
highest point of the season, the staple is
still much higher, relatively than goods,
many kinds of which are quite as low as
before the war, on a gold valuation. With
no abatement in the cost of producing
goods, it follows that manufacturers must
be working without profit, if; indeed, they
are not losing money. In the manufac
turing districts of England a good many
failures have lately occurred, arid the rate
of consumption is fully ten thousand bales
below what it was in January. Under a
normal condition of trade the price of cot
ton could hardly fail to materially appre-
ciate, as spinners rarely ever so bare of
supplies, but as the case now stands, they
find it almost impossible to get back a nef
dollar for an old one, and hence they are
reduced to the necessity of the most rigid
economy, in order to make ends meet.
The high prices of cotton during the past
>ix months have stimulated the planting
interest South, and no doubt as large a
breadth of land will be seeded as can he
afforded under the necessity of an increased
devotion to food cror s. In view of the
many difficulties which surround cotton
culture, the leading Southern journals are
giving the farmers and planters the very
practical advice not to place all their trust
in the great staple. There is an abund
ance of land in the South to raise an abund
ance of food for home con umption, and
cotton enough to supply the wboie world,
but, unfortunately, there is an inadequate
supply of the right kind of labor. Still,
competent Southern auihorities are oj
opinion that, with an ordinarily favorable
season, tne next crop will not unlikely reach
3,000,000 bales, and may go to 3,250,000
bales. Southern opinion with regard to
free labor, too, has been very sensibly modi
fied of late.
Thus, Mr. Henry A. Wise, of Vir
ginia, lately remarked that the South has
been more than recompensed for all the
trials, suffering and losses incident to the
war, by the overthrow of slavery, and
substantially the same sentiment is re
iterated by some of the prominent Southern
journals. To the nation at large, the re
suseitation of the old industries of the
South and the inauguration of new ones
is of the highest importance,and the quick
er they become vitalized and quickened,
the sooner will national, financial and com
mercial prosperity be reached. Enabled
to commence tho new year with handsome
results of the product of last year's busi
ness, the South may well in 1869 grow
crops and raise the necessaries of life in
such abundance as to place it in indpen
dent pecuniary circumstances. The idea
has taken firm hold of the planters that
under the new condition of things, a
smaller area of land better cultivated must
be the order of the day. Again, it may
fairly be assumed that the freeduien, hav
ing a little recovered from the exaggerated
ideas naturally entertained upou tbeir
emancipation, will work more steadily than
heretofore, while the planters will have
lean ed that fair wages are, in the end,
more profitable than the cost of labor under
the old regime. While the Cotton crop
will be the great product of the South,
there will be increased manufactories
erected, and with them will spring up
innumerable towns and villages, bringing
in their train, without doubt, a higher
state of prosperty inevitably than has ever
hitherto been reached.
From the Washington Chronicle.
The Bombay Cotton Crop.
We have received a copy of the official
report made to the British Government,
by Mr. C. F. Forbes, Cotton Commission
er, containing reports of the different Gov
ernment Collectors, iu regard to the cot
ton crop of Bombay l’residency, for the
year 1868-69. The report is datod Bom
bay, February 16, 1869, and the cotton
commissioner making the following sum
mary of the reports made to him :
The object of publishing this return is
to supply the trade with as uear an esti
mate as possible of the probable yield of
the current season’s crop.
The remarks of the collectors regarding
almost the whole of the districts will show
how unfavorable the season has generality
been.
In the preceding return publi-lied iu
December last, I noticed the very encour
aging reports then reaching me with re
spect to the cotton crop iu the Dharwar
districts. At that time, it gave promise
of being an abundant one and of superior
quality. But since then it has suffered
severely from a eause, which is also purely
climatic, viz : the unseasonable prevalence
of a dry and scorching easterly wind. I
have before now had occasion to notice and
report upon partial failures of the cotton
crop from this cause, but in this instance
it appears to have been general, and to
have prevailed ovor tbe whole district. Its
sudden and injurious effect upon the
strongest cotton plants is more than can bo
accounted for by mere want of moisture,
or the dryness of the wind ; it would ap
pear as if it carried with it some other
blighting influence. It is worthy' of notice
that the acclimated American cotton is
reported as suffering less, and resisting
the influence of the blight better, than the
indigenous cotton of the country, which
shows how firmly and favorably the
American plant has taken to the soil and
climate of those districts.
The prospects of the out-turn from
Goozerat are better than they were when
the last report was published. More es
pecially as regards , the collectorates of
Surat and Broach, each of which will, I be
lieve, be found to yield nearly an average
crop. I observed that the cotton crop
along the line traversed by tbe railway
was not equal to the general average else
where, ami this may have caused unfavor
able anticipations In many parts of the
interior I saw as fine fields ot cotton as
possibly could be desired; and it was singu
lar that this was the case in some localities
where the wheat and jowaree crops had
failed almost to famine standard.
The general tenor oi the “remarks by
the collectors” would lead to the conclusion
that the crop this season will not be more
than half an average one, but from what I
have myself seen, and from carefully con
sidering all the information obtained from
other so irees, I am inclined to take a
more favorable view of the question, and
to estimate the deficiency at r.ot more than
twenty-five per cent, as contrasted with
the crop of last season, the out turn of
which amounted to about twelve hundred
and fifty thousand bales for export.
F. S.—Since forwarding the above to
the press, a further report on the Dharwar
crop has just reached me. It dates up to
the 13th inst.
A favorable change in the weather was
reviving the plants. The estimate of loss
of quantity iu the American variety is
given at twenty per cent, less crop than
the plants promised a month ago- But
the quality of the staple is also very ma
terially affected as the “blight” caught the
plants just at the time that the fibre was
maturing in the bolls : this latter is looked
upon as the worst evil of the two.
The native plant has suffered more severe
ly; the estimated 10.-s is here given at fifty
per cent., but notwithstanding the above,
owing to the increase in cultivation the
whole crop of these districts will be con
siderably in excess ol' that obtained irom
them last year.
Experiments in Cultivating tlie Irish
Votatoe.
Owing to indisposition I have not regu
larly reported the proceedings of our lit
tle club this winter. If able I will try and
do more at it in the couple of months left
to our “winter session.” Tho question
which came up at the last meeting was
that of the potato, just now regarded as
among tho most interesting. There was
nothing said upon the varieties of the
potatoe, because the opinions are so com
pletely diverse. Ooe variety will produce
the most and the best upon-one farm, and
another variety most and bes: upon an
adjoinirg farm, &c.
The first member who spoke, consider
ed that potatoes were our most profitable
field crop, (a fact which our farmers are
but just finding out. ) He annually plant
ed an acre in the following manner: we
seleoted one acre of good, stiff sod, in the
field we intended for corn, and applied to
it from twelve to fifteen loads of long
barnyard manure, which was spread
in the usual manner. When ready
to plant wc plowed twice around the
patch, aud after raking the manure into
the furrow, (with a large rake made for the
purpose,) we laid the cuttings or sets on
tho manure close to the unturned earth, so
that they might come up through the
crevice between the furrows ; we then care
fully turned a furrow down on them and
plowed two more rounds, then raked in the
manure and proceeded as before. We al
ways selected for seedgood sound potatoes
about the size of an egg, and cut them in
two, and used from tnem ten to twelve i
bushels ol seed per acre.
Ihc next member who gave an opinion
usually planted from three quarters of an
s.cre io one acre, and used the laigetjt of
his potatoes for seed, and cut them so as
to have at least two eyes in each piece ;
never used more then ten bushels of seed
tor an acre, liis place for planting was
where lie had corn the year before, and
after applying about ten loads of manure
per acre he plowed the potatoes in every
third furrow in t,hQ same manner as the
member who spoke first. He had tried
both methods, but preferred the one which
he now practices. In both these plans the
potatoes are removed in time to give place
to a crop of wheat without any extra man
ure, and always produce a fine crop
Another member plants in las,'year’s
corn-fieid, but plows the ground well in
the I all, and m tho Spring strikes out
furrows three feet apart, and after placing
his manure in, then lays his Bets cut tide
down on the manure and covers them with
a hoard drawn diagonally to the furrows
which are about six inchos in depth. Uses
seed about the size of a hen’s egg, and
smaller, at the rate of about ten bushel’s
per acre ; cuts the large ones in two, and
il much smaller than a hen’s egg, plants
whole. Last year he tried two raws, one
planted with the largest potatoes cut so as
to have three eyes in a set or piece, and
the other with his smallest potatoes
(none more than an inch in diameter), both
at the same depth and in the same man
ner, and could detect no difference in the
yield, nor eould his hired man, who did
os-, know of the difference in seed. He
had found it beneficial to roil the cut sets
in gypsum before planting and applied
unleached wood ashes to the rows as soon
as the plants were up; this he thought
kept the weeds from getiog a bt*rt.
lie kept his potatoes through the Win
ter in a large covered bin in the cellar: this
bin would hold about two hundred bushels,
and was so constructed that the bottom
and sides were ahlut six inches from the
floor/nd walls.
He had found from experience that po
tatoes would keep better if no light could
reach them. One year he had more than
his pin would hold, and threw the remain
der into one corner of another cellar where
they froze solid; as soon as this was di--
covered they were well covered with old
clothes, carpets, &c , and came out in the j
apriDg as sound as if they had not been j
frozen, but a small portion planted for ex- 1
perience did not proto.
Another member had experimented in
the size of the seed and manner of plant- 1
ing, and came to the conclusion that it was
most profitable to use medium-sized pota- I
toes cut in four pieces and placed eight or
ten inches apart in the furrow, lie had j
tried large ones cut in two and in four,and j
with hut two eyes in a piece; with medium- I
sized ones cut in two, and planted wlfiJc
and with small onus planted without cuS
tiug, and could detect little different*
n the yield. In each case the
" “Part at which the sets were
LinnWu pen^c^-upon l^c number of eyes
an eve wilt con j alnc(i - He considers that
whether it p ' oduce a K°°d stalk on matter
nr a 1 168 fr° m a large, mediura
eutting shn D M P ot atoe ; thinks that the
cutting should always be governed ffiv the
number of eyes and has
found potatoes of the size of a hen’s egg
with but two eyes, and others of the same
size with more than a dozen. He thfnks
that one stalk every eight inches is enough
and if we plant more than two eyes in this
distance we will have too many stalks to
produce well; but to insure a plant he pre
fers to plant at least two eyes in a place
and eight or ten inches asunder.
Another member had applied various
top-dressings to his potatoes with varied
ettect. Had used plaster, ashes, the two
mixed, salt, salt aod ashes, salt and lime
aud salt, ashes and lime, and in point of
economy preferred the latter lie used
nve bushels of salt, ten of line and as he=
ha r nd an aCre ’ aDd aPPIieJ ,0 tilc hllis by
He always buried his potatoes in the
field or some other convenient place „
long, narrow mounds, taking care never
• tl ‘ c Potatoes more than four
ffeet thick, and to leave openings in
the mound mm l eohl weather had
set in. He finds it economical to plant
pumpkins in the rows among the potatoes
the only objection being that the vines
are somewhat in the way of dig'-iu*-' this
potatoes. “
By vote it was resolved that tbe best
a lT\ e T oraica , ! p!an t 0 raisc Potatoes
P; to plant them in last year’s corn ground
w th a good coat of long straw manure
cither in the furrow or spread broadcast;
used medium-sized potatoes cufin two or
four seed and dropped eight or ten inches
apart in the row An acre should yield
one hundred and fifty bushels of market
able potatoes and twenty-five of small ones
suitable for Hock. Iu addition to this one
ot the members raises from six to eight
cart-loads of pumpkins without any addi
tional expense except planting, say fifty
cents for the lot. 3 y
Some of the member;, are very particu
lar to lay the potatoes with the cut side of
the seed down, but I do not consider this
trouble necessary ; but drop them irom a
■ g ' -„ t ! iere is manurc in the furrow
tney will lay where they fall, without
bounciug, and all the difference which I
can detect is that they do not come up
quite so eveu as wheu they are laid care
fully.
The general rule with us is to dig as
soon as the tops are dead, and immediately
prepare the ground for wheat.—German
town Telegraph.
Col. Lockett’s Sjstem—No. 2.
Fertilizers - Tit sir Preparations and how
Deposited— Organization and Discipline
of forces.
From the Albany News t ‘JO th.
TIIE ECONOMY’ OF SYSTEM.
In our first article we described the
modus operandi of preparing the soil,
planting the seed, and cultivating tlie crop.
We now return to the character of the
fertilizers ns* and, their preparation and
quantity ; the organization and discipline
of the forces engaged, and the economy of
system,
It may not be amiss to promise by an
nouncement that Colonel Lockett’s system,
as well as the materials he uses, have the
recommendation of well ordered experience,
scientific investigation and practical illus
tration. His experiments are the result of
careful and intelligent study, and he never
theorises or advances till he is fortified);
the unerring principle ot common sense,
and a perfect mastery of the subject before
him. Acting upon the homely, but wise
apothegm ot Davy Crockett, ho first as
sures himself that he is on tho right track
and then goes ahead, with almost certainty
of success.
He procures the genuine Peruvian
guano from the importer’s agent, and thus
avoids the risk of commercial manipula
tion and commercial imposition. With
this he mixes equal parts of raw-bone and
land-plaster—pounds till thoroughly pnl-J
verised, and mixes with the exactness oil
the apothecaries’ compounding of medi-l
eines. ]
Thus prepared, with his guano distribu-1
tors, before mentioned, gauged to distrib-1
ute the desired quantity, he puts it from
two hundred and fifty to three hundred
pounds to the acre, according to the
strength or necessity of the land.
As before stated, tins deposit is at the
bottom of the deep furrow, and bedded
upon with the Watt plow.
As soon as a field is thus prepared—and
they are not mere patches, hut broad
plains, containing from one hundred to
eight hundred acres—the whole force re
turns to the firbt row, the plows are laid
aside and tho planters and harrows take
their places. Ihe planter and harrow
being both light, and requiring but little
exertion to keep them on the centre oi the
bed, the mules and negroes seem to regard
the work oi planting as only pleasant ex
ercise, and by the time the field is gone
over, are rested and refreshed for the
heavier labor pf laying off, fertilizing and
bedding the next field.
Fcrfect system governs every moment
and tbe intricate machinery of a Naviga
tor’s chronometer runs with scarcely moro
order, precision or certainty, while the
organization and discipline of the labor is
equal, in all essential respects, to the
highest standard of military regulation.
When the cotton is ready fur the sweeps,
as described in our first article, tbe sweeps
are numbered from 1 to 40, 50 or GO as
the case may be, and No. 1 takes the first
row planted, No. 1 1 follows iu the third
row, No. 3is tbe fifth row—and so on till
the last sweep is entered. No. 1 leads
and No. 2 follows at a distance just suffi’
cient to allow No. Ito turn as fie—No. 2
—drives out at the end of the row. No?
u follows No. 2 at the same distance, anil so
of all the rest.
This regulation is very like a military
movement, and those who remember the
drill of the battalion will at once recognize
the Echelon monoevre. When No. 1 has
finished his two rows he drives across the
head of the rows till he passes No. 40, if
that be tho number of sweeps, and takes
the next row, and as each, in succession,
comes out he follows No. 1, and again
leaving two rows, turns iu, and the same
beautiful echelon figure is repeated, and
re-repeated till the feuce on the opposite
side of the field is reached.
When the crop is gone over with the
sweep3 in this way, they return to tho
starting place, and the same order is re
peated—the same numbers taking the
same rows as before.
No. 1 is required to go ahead, and none
are permitted to drive in advance of him ;
and the same rule is ob.erved to the end
of the line—each keeping next to, but not
getting ahead of', the number next preced
irg him, nor falling behind tho next below
him.
This confines every number to his own
appointed rows throughout the nlantation,
and from the first to the fast goiug over,
an.rj i uahles the manager at a glance to
discover the slothful and detect the wind
less. Every number must keep in its
place, or the chain is broken, and the
figure is so marred that the machinery
jars and jostles, and the cause is easily
traced.
Organization of the Bain bridge, C'uth
bert and (lolumhus Stall road.
We learn from a private source, that
a meeting of the Stockholder- engaged in
this enterprize, was held in B unbridge on
the 19th inst, and was numerously at
tended.
Subscriptions to the eapi> al stock, ex
ceeding $50,00(1 having been registered, as
authorized by the charter, steps were taken
to perfect the organization of the corn
| pany. An election was accordingly entered
I into with the following results:
Col. R Sims, Col. A. Hood, I. K. Bar
mina, M. I. Atkins and B. M. Bruton,
Esqrs., were chosen Directors.
The Directory then unanimously elected
B. M. Bruton, Esq , President of the or
ganization, Win. i\J. Turnbin, Secretary
| and Treasurer, Col. A. Hood, legal ad
vigor, and Col. C. C. Crews,General Agent
and Supervisor. Col. F. M. Pepper was
also authorized to receive subscriptions to
the capital stock from the people of Cal
houn county.
The indications are most cheering for
the successful and rapid prosecution of
the work. —Luthbert Appeal ,
Railroad Entfui’rise South.—Tt is
i well that our own hoii;. and other Geor
gia Railroads, sLuoid note the following
! which we elip from the Louisville Courier -
\ Jou nal of the 17th inbtant.
“Ex Gov. Patton, of Alabama, Pres
! idept of the Decatur and Montgomery
j Railroad, who is now in this city, informs
j ug that this enterprise is being pushed for
! ward vigorously, the entire line, one hun
dred and eighty-three uides, being now un
\ der contract. It is to to finished toLime-
I kiln Station, sixty-two mjles from Mont-
S goumry, in October, 1871, to Elytou in
; April, 1879, and to Decatur in December,
I 1872 Gov. Patton is also V ice-President
I of the Alabama and Chattanooga Rail
road, running diagonally from Chatta
j uooga to .Meridian, three hundred miles of
which-—ball the distanoc—is already
' graded. Sixty-six miles of the road will
he in running order in six y days, it being
worked from both ends. Louisville is inter
ested in the success of hath of these roads,
as they traverse rich iron and coal fields
which will develop wealth and trade that
no city can afford to disregard. Gov. Pat
ton is not soliciting *id in this city, his ar
rangements for the completion of the road
being ample.”
In appointing Cres-well and Bout-well
to positions in his Cabinet Grant has
unmistakably demonstrated that, he “loved
not wisely, hut two Well.”—N. Y . Leader