Newspaper Page Text
C|ronith & Sentinel,
HK»>KsI)AV MOR.MSfe, MARCH 1.
The Banner of the South and
Planters’ Journal.
Among the couuibutori to the abort
named weekly are Prof. 0- W . Rains, Dr.
E. M. Pendleton, ex-Goveruor Bonham,
General Alexander, Professor TV addell,
I)r. A. Meant Col. Charles C. Jones, Jr.,
Prof. Leßoy Broun, Cos!. B. T. Harris,
Henry Stewart, Esq., and other gentle
men of repute and ability.
In order to extend the circulation of the
paper it has been determined to furnish it
for 1871 to all subscribers to the Chroni
cle A Sunn: iUi for $2 in advance. On
receipt of this amount we will not only
furnish the back numbers from Ist Jan
uary, but we will also give away copies o!
the eleven (11) numbers issued prior to
the date, whioh will be equivalent to
famishing the paper for nearly fifteen
months for $2.
The back Numbers contain valuable in
formation to the Planter, and also, a Roe
terof General Officers, Regiments, Bat
talions, etc., in the Confederate service,
daring the struggle for independence, pre
pared with great care by Colonel Charles
C. Jones, Jr., which should be perused by
all who participated in or sympathized
with the war for independence.
Tiie Basher of Thr South aid
Planttrs’ Journal is printed on book
paper, and is in every respect a creditable
publication, and one which is worthy of a
wide circulation all over the South. It is
certainly the cheapest and the best paper
for the money now published. Persons
who may wish to see a copy before sub
scribing, are requested to send their names
to the Chronicle Publishing Company,
Augusta, Ga.
The Bullock State Bonds.
The Treasurer of tho State, in hia official
report of the financial transactions of the
State for the year 1870, is careful to state
that his report comprohends the bonded
indebtedness of the State of Georgia on
the first day of January, 1871, “ exclusive
of the bond* issued in 1870.” Further,
the Treasurer states that a large amount
of new State bonds havo been issued
greatly in exocss of the honest demands
against the State, and under circumstances
that leads to the belief that these bonds
hate been issued firm private jmrposes, to
further the ends of certain individuals.
Section ninety of the code says, “that
the Treasurer shall keep a book, in which
he shall record the description of all the
bonds heretofore or hereafter issued by the
State, and in said book shall note all
bonds paid, and the date of payment, and
all eoupons on caoh and the date of their
payment.”
Now, why have not this new issue of
bonds by Bullock been registered? The
provisions of the code requiring such
registration in the Treasurer’s office is
plain and imperative. It requires that
there must be reoorded, and that the
Treasurer shall reoord “a description of
ail tho bonds heretofore and hereafter
issued by the State.”
Who received these bonds? What
were the oircumntanoes under whioh they
were issued ? What are tho faots which
“lead to the belief that these bonds have
been issued for private purposes? Do
ouch tacts point to the individuals ?
The last Legislature passed “an not to
authorize the issue of bonds of this State
whereby to redeem all bonds and ooupons
thereon now duo and to become due or
falling due.” “SuohboDds to boar inte
rest at tho rate not exceeding seven per
oent. per annum, with interest payable
quarterly in gold, at such place or places
as the Governor may designate.”
Section third of this act requires “ that
said bonds shall be signed by His Excel
lency the Governor and countersigned by
tho Comptroller, and shall ba by the
Comptroller registered in a book to bo
kept for that purpose, and the amount so
issued reported also for record in tho
Treasurer’s offioe. The bonds issued
under this act, by Bullock, the Treas
urer sayu - u So Tar as the ooupons
aro concerned,” have not been issued ac
cording to law. Section 949 of the Code
provides that tho bonds of the State may,
before or alter issue, be presented to the
State Treasurer, who shall sign, in his
official capacity, all tho ooupons thereto
attached.” Treasurer Angior’s last re
port makes known officially, that no de
scription of these bonds has been rendered
in his office—no amount of these bonds
have hcen reported in his office —the cou
pons have not been signed in his official
capacity —and that the financial agont “ in
New York ” has been instructed to with
hold from him all information respecting
them. He has, however, learned enough
to authorize the statement that nearly
Five Millions of these seven per ceni.,
gold bearing interest, payable quarterly,
“ have been issued and sent to New York.
Five milium* of gold bonds in the hands
of inch ft man as Bullock! Five millions
of the people’s money at the disposal of
the great State robber! Five millions of
the hard earnings of the tax-payers of
Georgia to be squandered by Bollock,
Blodgett & Cos.! Five millions of money
in Bullock’s hands to be disbursed by
him, without check, or restraint, or limi
tation! These are startling facts. The
people, whose credit is at stake, and
whose property is attempted to be pledged
for the redemption of these bogus bonds,
should require a strict scrutiny into Bul
lock’s cocdnct in issuing and negotiating
these large amounts of State indebtedness.
llow much of this money is now being
used to corrupt the Press of the State ?
How much will be used to corrupt the ap
proaching Legislature? How much to de
bauch the State Judiciary ? How much
to procure Foster Blodgett a seat in the
United States Senate? How much to
bolster up and preserve the lease of the
State Road to the Brown-Bullock leasing
company f These questions are painfully
pertinent. They must be answered by
every honest man in the State according
to the “best of his knowledge and belief.”
They must be answered plainly and dis
tinctly by the rext Legislature, which
will have the power, as it will be its
highest and most sacred duty, to probe to
the bottom this whole fraud. The people
require the thorough exposure of this
magnificent outrage upon their credit and
their property.
In the meantime it will be well for
Northern speculators to look carefully to
the history of this bond transaction. They
should understand that these bonds have
been illegally issued, and have been
fraudulently negotiated. They should re
member that such bonds are not worth
the paper on which they are printed—
that our people will never redeem them
or pay the aocrueing interest. We have a
very large legal State debt to provide for.
To do this will severely embarrass our
people and cripple our prosperity. We
cannot a&ord, oven if we were willing, to
pay a debt for which we are neither
legally or morally responsible. The pur
chaser* of Bullock's bonds must look to
Bull'd* for their redemption.
The Supreme Court.—One hnndicd
and twenty-eight eases were, yesterday
morning, still to be heard on the docket of
the Supreme Court. The Court has-been
in session nearly seven weeks, and has dis
posed of seventy-seven oases. At this
rate the Augusta Circuit will harly be
reached before the middle]of April, as the
cases from ibis Circuit are the last on the
docket.
Wi hur it sUted that Judge Stephens
has been offered a retainer by the Bullock-
Brow n Company, to detend that company
in the suit threatened against it to 6et
aside the lease, and that he has refused
the retainer.
Ir Was a Beautiful Sight to see
Radical Senators who had voted to con
firm General Longstreet as Naval Offioer
at New Orleans boiling over with patriotic
indignation against the admission of Sena
tor Miller, of Georgia, to his seat.
Meeting of the State Agricultural bo- i
cteiy.
The Btatc Agricultural Society met in
Macon on the 22J insb, at which time the
new officers elect were instilled :
The President, Gen. Colquitt, in assum
ing the duties ot the offioe, tbsoked the
convention for the position, unsolicited sod
undesired on his part, that they had gen
erously conferred upon him. He was
aware cf the embarrassments and ob
stacles that surrounded him, and >0 view
of such knowledge, had he consulted his
own teeliugs, he would not have accepted
the position.
The speaker said he was not present for
the purpose of delivering, as might be ex
pected, a literary address, but appeared
simply to give expression to a few plain
practical remarks. I only propose giving
aoommon-plaoe pUnters’Maik about what
we have done, what we are doiDg and
what we are to do in the future. There is
a gloom and depression in the country as
to the past, and dark forebodings concern
ing the future. Every one I meet brings
bis tale of sorrow, and therefore, I am in
no spirit, were I so inclined, to indulge iu
fiowiog rhetoric. Is planting a failure ? Is
farmings sham? Is our soil to return
nothing for the labor we bestow upon it?
If so let us abandon it. But it is not a
failure. It can be made remunerative. It
can be made a success if conducted system
atically. If we have failed, it is because
we have beeD thriftless and because of our
want of proper industry and judicious
management. Not uufrequently the first
month of anew year is entirely absorbed
by the farmer in regulating his labor, and
looking after the odds and ends with which
to commence farming operations. In many
instances nothing can be found suitable to
commence with, and forthwith the nearest
city is had resource to in order to purchase
necessary supplies. Even the plow lines
which could be made at home at a cost of
perhaps fourteen or fifteen cents, are pur
chased in the city at forty cents a pound ;
and from that plow-line through the whole
catalogue of utensils, even to a painted
plow-stock and axe handle, the farmer has
to buy. I believe that fertilizers are valu
able adjuncts to the farmer who looks to
his own home fertilizers, and while I do
not wish to disparage any of the many
brands on sale, 1 do say that farm yard
manure is better than all the guanos ever
made, soluble or insoluble. But the farmer
pays no attention to saving manure, allow
ing it to wash away and enrich the fields
of fennel and heg weed. But what matters
this to rich farmers, when ammonia can be
bought iu Baltimore, and he can buy it ou
credit and a warehouse acceptance, which
is as good as gold, and for the use of which
money he pays 30 per cent- per annum-
What a sad commentaiy ou the farming
prosperity of this country, when we look
into the large wholesale houses in Macon
and see the immense quantities of corn
and meats in store, and still worse is it to
know that this corn and meat is brought
here to supply the demands of tbe farmers
To see the immense traio loads of provts
ions brought to this oity daily, oae would
think that iGtne benevulent individuals
were contributing to the wants of a starv
ing people. I have known of mathemeti
ciaas figuring as to the great profit of rais
ing cotton instead of corn, and at the end
of the year their poor mules oould be seen
looking wistfully through the cracks of the
fence- We must stop our calculations and
go to work manfully. The foundations of
prosperity is to be found in the man who
economizes and produces everything that
can be produced and that he may require
on his farm. We receive for tbe four or
five million bales of cotton we make two
or three hundred millions of dollars, and a
person unacquainted with our true condi
tion would imagine we were the wealthiest
people ou earth ; but upon more familliar
acquaintance wiou.'gs, and frern our man
ner of living, be would conclude that wc
were a set of mean misers. But when in
formed that of all this large amount of
money we had not one dr liar left, what
would he fce fowled to think ? Credit is a
good thing to the importer, but it is a con
suming moth to tbe planter, Farmers
must abandon the present plan of borrow
ing money at high rates of interest, If
you want a mule in order to cultivate
more land, and havo not the money to
purchase the mule, cultivate less land
and do without tbe mule. Let the farmer
abandon tho idea that be is rich, and set
about in his work of retrenchment and
reform. Let him know he is poor, and let
him act aooordingiy. In all the pursuits
of man, farming requires more knowledge
and soience than most others. Wit, tact
and care are absolutely essential to success
iu farming. In daya gope by the successful
farmer aecumuhted wealth through con
tinued labor, the exercise of the strictest
economy, and by maxing upon his .farm
everything that he would require to use on
his farm; aDd unless we do something as did
our fathers we cannot sueceed, But I do
not yet despair of good results, Five
years will not have elapsed when we shall
meet in convention and every delegate will
wear upon his face, instead of the frown
of gro t, a smile of joy. No money panic
can stav the appointed order of the sea
sons. Let us not forget that the sun, the
dew, tho showers {fiat go to fructify the
earth come down from Heaven, and poor
as may be our condition wa should be
thankful to the Giver of all good for His
manifold blessings.
Hoping to receive assistance from the
exoeutive body in the discharge of my
duties, and soliciting counsel from each
and eveiy member of the convention, I
again tender my thanks for tbe honor you
have conferred upon me.
Annual Keport of the Treasurer or the
State of Ucorgia, for the Fiscal Year
ending Dtcomber 31, 1870.
Treasurer’s Office. )
State of Georgia, >
Atlanta, Jan. 10, 1871. )
To His Excellency, Rufus B. Bullock,
Governor of Georgia:
Sir —ln conformity with the require
ments of the Code of Georgia, I herewith
transmit a report of the financial transac
tions of the State for the year 1870.
Table A shows the balance on band at
date of last report, the total receipts and
payments in each tnon'h, and the balanoe
on band January Ist, 1871.
Table B shows the balance on hand at
date of last report, tbe total receipts from
each separate source ot taxation, the total
payments from each special fund, and the
balanoe on hand January Ist, 1871..
Table (J shows the bonded indebtedness
of tbe State ot Georgia on the Ist day of
January, 1871, exclusive of the bonds issued
m 1870.
Besides the bonded indebtedness, as
shown in Table C, a large amount of new
State bonds have been issued, greatly in
excess of the honest (jetuauds against the
State, and under circumstances that lead
to the belief that these bonds havo been
used for private purposes, to further the
ends of certain individuals.
Paragraph 10 of section 86 of the Code
makes it the duty of the Treasurer to “an
nually report to the Governor the amount
of State debt bearing interest for each
year, di tinguishing between tbß sterling
bonds, if aDy, red federal ; the rate per
cent, paid on each kind of bonds, the
amount upon each rate paid ; also the ex
change, if any, and the aggregate amount
of interest paid jn each year, and the
amount due and unpaid at each semi
annual payment, and the lessens for such
non-payment."
These bonds, so far as the coupons are
concerned, not being executed according to
law, and not registered in the Treasurer's
office as the law requires, I have no data
by whieh I can arrive at the exact amount
of new bonds issued. I have made sever
al attempts to learn the amount and dis
position made of the hoods, but the finan
cial agent, who has them in charge in New
York, has been instructed by the Governor
to withhold all information concerning
them. Enough, however, has been learn
ed to authorise the statement that nearly
/ice millions have ocen issued and sent to
New York. The attempt at concealment
leaves grounds for grave suspicions ; and it
would well behoove ac honest Executive
to expose such fraud agaicst the State.
In addition to the foregoing, bills were
passed granting State aid to the following
named railroads :
NAME OF EAII&OAP. AMOUNT OF STATE AID.
Albany A Coiunibu* Rail
road $12,000 per mile.
Albany. Mobile A New Or
leans Railroad 12,000 do
Americas A Florence Rail
road 12,000 do
Americas A JiamkinsvlUe
Railroad 12,000 do
Americas A Isabella Rail
road 12,000 do
Athens A Clayton Railroad. 15,000 do
Atlanta A Blue Ridge Rail
road..... 15,000 do
Atlanta A Lookout Railroad 15,000 per 8 miles.
Augusta A Hartwell Rail
road 15,000 per mile.
Brunswick A Albany Rail
road 8,000 additional per mile.
Camilla A Cuthbert Rail
road 12,000 per mile.
Chattahoochee Railroad 12,000 do
Columbus A Atlanta Air-
Line Railroad 12,000 do
Dalton A Morgan ton Rail
road 15,000 do
Fort Valley A Hawkinaville
Railroad 12,000 do
Georgia Seaboard A North
western Railroad 12,000 do
Grand Trunk Railroad... . 12,000 do
Great Southern Railroad. . 12,000 do
t.nffln, Monticello A Madi
son Railroad. 15,000 do
Lookout Mountain Rail
ed 15.000 do
Macon A Brunswick Rail
road 3*ooo Additional per mile
Marietta. Canton A Ellijay
Railroad 15,000 per mile.
McDonough Western Rail
road. _ 12,000 do
Memphis Branch Railroad 15,000 de
Newnan A Am one us Rail
road 12,000 do
North A South Railroad 12,000 do
North Georgia A North
Carolina Railroad 12,000 do
Ocmulgee A North Georgia
Railroad... 15,000 do
Polk Slate Quarry Railroad 15,000 do
Savannah, Griffin A North
Alabama Railroad do
South Georgia A Florida
Railroad 12,000 do
St Mary's A Western Rail
road 15,000 do
Miking in all thirty-two railroads to
which the endorsement of the Slate is
pledged, covering a distance of over two
thousand miles, and in amount about
thirty millions of dollars, which the State
prospectively guarantees. This, added to
the old bonded indebtedness and new \
bonds issued, will make something over i
forty millions of dollars, being ooe-fitth of 1
tbe tax returned vsioe of all tbe property j
in the State, exclusive of rad road-:, bank
ing, express aod insurance companies.
In tov last annual report, to January
Ist, 1870, the estimate for the Deeeseary
and usual disbursements for that year, ex
clusive of interest on the public debt, was
five hundred thousand dollars (8500,000).
This was ample for all honest and practi
cal purposes ; but reckless, pillaging
hands have ruo them up to nearly twice
that amount, namely : Nine hundred and
seventy-five thousand dollars ($975,000),
besides a large debt incurred against the
“State Road.”
The same report esiimated the annual
net earnings of the Western and Atlantic
Railroad (the property of the _ State, of
which the Governor was President), at
three hundred and sixty th'usand dollars.
Only forty-five thousand dollars was paid
into the State Treasury, while the road is
reported to have accumulated a floating
debt of over seven hundred thousand dol
lars, part due connecting roads, balance
for supplies aod monthly pay rolls ; mik
ing a difference against the State of one
million and fij teen thousand dollars (sl,-
015,000). This is a subject that calls for
thorough investigation, as it is a matter of
great wonder that a main trunk road, be
sides a heavy way freight, receiving at one
end the stoex, produce and manufactures
of the North and the great West, poured
in by river and rail connections ; aDd at
the other, distributed by three different
railroads in immediate connection, all of
whioh are paying fine dividends to the
stockholders —the people are amazed that
this great receiver and distributor, one
hundred aDd thirty-eight miles long, fully
equipped, should be 30 badly managed as
not to pay expenses, but saddle a large
debt upon the State. The inquiry is,
"What has become of the money ?”
Said last report further shows, after
paying all the ordinary expenses, including
the matured interest, a surplus of four hun
dred and seventy-one thousand four hun
dred and sixty-one dollars, to be nsed as a
sinking fund, to aid in curtailing the
State’s bonded indebtedness- With a wise
and honest administration, these estimates
would have been easily and fully realized ;
but with an excessively prodigal, unscru
pulous Chief Executive in the use of the
public funds, throwing them broadcast,
with the hope of buying influence, and
usurping power for corrupt purposes, with
a venal crowd to respond to his mercinary,
sordid ends, over four and a half millions
of new State bonds have been issued,
whioh the Governor, in his anxiety to keep
the matter concealed from tbe Treasury
Department, failed to havo executed and
registered as the law requires.
Under these circumstances, the Treas
urer asked to be excused from venturing
on an estimate of the expenses for 1871.
Our final hope is in a great improvement
in the Legislative Department, so as to
correct the abuses of the Executive.
Respectfully submitted,
N. L. Angier, Treasurer.
TABLE A.
RECEIPTS IN 1870.
Cash balance on hand Janu
ary 1, 1870...,, $ 471461 78
In January 82,529 93
In February 54,415 23
Iu March 46,646 13
in April 29,063 64
Iu May 31,266 58
Iu June 9,399 36
la July 13,597 40
In August 14,204 63
Iu September 129,290 02
la October 259,299 11
In November 189,922 43
Iu December 304,798 73
$1,635,765 07
DISBURSEMENTS IN 1870.
In January $ 41,628 90
In February 10,603 40
Jn May 226,476 69
Injuue 89.024 37
In August 84,947 16
In Heplember 10,846 00
In October 56,361 70
In November 31,167 66
In December 919,065 15
Total $1,470,021 02
Cash on hand Januay 1, 1871,
to balance 165,744 55
$1,635,765 57
. TABLED.
RECEIPTS IN 1870.
Cash on hand at date oflast re
port $ 471,461 78
From General Tax, 1867 2,301 81
From General Tax, 1868 7,884 87
From General Tax, 1869 175.971 32
From General Tax. 1870 643,465 95
From Foil Tax 1868 192 30
From Poll Tax, 1869 1,598 65
From Poll Tax, 1870 177 14
From Liquor Tax, 1869 14,328 57
From Liquor Tax, 1870 21,695 66
From Tax on Insurance Com
panies, 1868 ei* vo
From Tax on Insurance Com
panies, 1869 8,503 40
From Dividend on Ga. K. R.
.Stock 4,617 45
From Scrip Dividends on In
surance 141 80
From Interest on State De
posits 5,533 11
From Special Reciprocity Tax
on Insurance 2,675 00
From Nett earnings W. <st A,
R R 45,000 00
From Earnings W. A A.
R. R. from defaulting agent. 630 00
From Convention Tax. 1,079 01
From Tax on Circuses 5,643 00
From Fees of Comp. Gen.’s
office 14 75
From Fees ot Sec’y of State’s
office 3SO 00
From Fees of Executive Dep’t 8 00
Fiom Tax on Pat. Medicine
venders 135 00
From R. R. Bank and Express
Tax 9,4=1 72
From Overcharges in Pay RoR 904 00
From Tax on Wifi Land 1,306 00
From Temporary Loans., 310,000 00
$1,635,765 57
•DISBURSEMENTS IN 1870.
On spec’l appropriations, ’66...$ 1,000 00
“ “ “ 1868... 716 60
“ “ “ 1869... 163,020 02
“ “ “ 1870... 102,508 93
W “ 3865.., 8,000 00
On Printing Fund, 1868 517 50
“ “ “ 1869.: 53,004 61
“ “ “ 1870 17.178 01
On Contingent Fund,’69 17,201 44
“ “ “ 1870 6,480 09
On Civil Establishment, 1869... 21,124 33
“ “ “ 1870... 53,964 00
On Overpayment Convention
Tax 16 60
On Overpayment Taxes, 1868 .. 1,820 27
“ '« “ 1869... 914 74
“ *< “ 1870... 55 08
On Public Debt 495,607 75
On Legislative Pay R 0115...,.., 526,891 00
Total .' 1,470,021 02
Cash on hand, January 1,187 J,
to balance 165,744 55
$1,635,785 57
TABLE C.
Consolidated Statement of the Public
Debt of the State of Georgia, on the
first day of January, 1871, showing date
of issue and maturity of outstanding
Bonds, Annual Interest on each issue.
Total Interest due each year, and Total
Annual Payments:
• Tot’l Amount due on
Whoa Ibsu ed. When Due* Annual Amounts. Tttol Interest on Total Interest duo each year (princi
(Principal.) each Issue. on each year. pul and Interest.)
00 I CO
1849 1859. $ 6,000 | | * 6,000
1852 1362. IP,OOO A I A , J 5.000
1848 aud 1849 1863. 3,500 | A § 3,500
1849 v. 1864. 9,600 J a '3 9,500
1868. JB6B. 8,000 ,8* 3,000
1818 • 1868. 20,£00 „-3 20,800
1844 1869. 83,000 a a 83.000
1840 1870. 61,000 .2 [5 61,000
1841 and 1866 1871. 194,230 9,488 $ 427,378 881,625
1842 and 1852 1872, 730,250 44,815 417,890 1,148,140
,1842 and 1843 1873. 137,000 8,220 873,075 810,075
1844 and 1848.... ; 1874. 251,500 10,855 864,855 616 355
1858 1878. 100,000 0,000 348,000 448,000
1859 1879. 200,000 12,000 342,000 542,000
1860 1880. 200,000 12,000 830.000 830,000
1861 1881. 100,000 6,000 318,000 418,000
1866 1886. 3,900,000 270,000 312,000 1,212,000
1868 1888. 600,1 0 J 42,000 42,000 642,000
Total debt. $ 6,6*4,600 427,375 . Total Intercut.
There fell due in IS6S. £ 15,000 (Ster
ling Bonds,) all held in Europe, none of
which have been paid. £3,000 interest on
same is still unpaid.
The above table is exclusive of Bonds
issued in 1870, concerning which see
Treasurer’s report.
Why is it that none of the proclama
tion journals favor their readers with the
pen-portrait of the greatest living Bul
lock by Nemesis? We have watched
daily to see this life-like picture in the
Maoon Telegraph. Surely these journals,
who are so liberally paid for publishing
“His Excellency’s” Ku-Klux fictions,
should favor their readers with a portrait
of the author.— Savannah Act cs.
The people in all sections of the State
are determined in their opposition to the
Bnlioek-Brown lease.
The Railroad Companies la
Their Political Aspects.
In the January l umber of the North
American Review there appears an ar
ticle from the pen of Char’es Francis
Adams, Jr., writtet with remarkable
ability, in which the t vil influence of rail
roads in the United States are fully ex
posed. As we have exhausted the finan
cial aspect of the subject, we intend to
present an abstract of its political aspects,
by the hand cf Mr. Adams, under the
general head, “The Government and the j
Railroad Corporations.” He commences I
with a review of the incidents of the last i
year, under the sub-captions of “The j
rapid growth of individual members of the
system ; the tendency to consolidation aod
combination in all tbe members; the
scandalous, internal abuses incident to j
corporate control, and finally the develop
ment of a disturbing, if not controlling,
influence in our political syst-m.”
“It is unnecessary to dwell,” he says,
“upon the the details of growth of each of
those four trunk lines now rapidly parcell
ing among themselves all the Northern
States east of Missouri. The 6ame
principle of development, though mani
festing itself through various outward
phases, has controlled them all ; mutatis
mutandis, the experience of one is the ex
perience of all.”
The writer then enters on the discussion
of the remedy. He inclines to the exer
cise by the Federal Government of a con
trol over the railroads under that clause
of the Constitution authorizing Congress
to regulate commerce between the States.
Under this clause, says he, Congress has
always exercised a control over navigable
rivers, but tbe commerce between the
States is no longer carried ou by barge or
by steamer, but by rail. Bat he arrives
at the conclusion that the exercise of the
power would be nugatory in restraint of
the evils of consolidation. Ho states that
legislation in several of the States against
J the consolidation of competing lines has
| proved futile. That a provision to this
j effect was passed in the New York Legis
\ lature, and a similar provision was iocor
! porated into the Constitutions of Illinois
: and Michigan, and yet the evil has as
sumed increasing magnitude. He observes
“that certainty and responsibility in man
agement are two cf the most important
requisites of a good railroad system- So
far as railroads are concerned, competition
puts both certainty and responsibility out
of the question; it renders the firrt impos
sible, and, by division, destroys the last.”
Excessive competition led to consolida
tion—the lowness of the fares produced
the combination of large capitalists and
the union of separate lines. The losses
compelled the .companies hv concentration
to obtain a living profit. The interior
towns ot New England and New York
were shut out from the markets on the sea
board and vice versa. In some cases the
freight was ten per cent, on the value of
the article transported. The consequence
has been the breaking up ot many manu
facturing establishments in the interior.
The final conclusion of the writer is,
that legislation cannot provide a remedy,
because legislation must be special, and
cannot embrace those diversities that
characterize transportation by railroads.
He thinks that a fixed minimum of rail
road charges as no less essential to the
community than a fixed maximum. He
suggests the establishment of a tribunal to
regulate the rates of freight and fares.
There are functions pertaining to railroad
management that are beyond legislative
competence.
Mr. Adams is most powerful in his ex
position of the various forms of corruption
incident to the present railroad system, as
the following passage will show :
“There only renames sufficient space to
tillude to one or more subjects in this con
nection, Tho power of theso corporatijns,
in the hands of corrupt men, has a disturb
ing and degrading icflu .nce in our politics,
and the crying abuses so notorious in the
internal administration of corporate affairs,
have of late occasion, and no inconsiderable
degree of public solicitude. Examples of
both descriptions cf evil referred to ate al
ways at hand, and the year just past has
been peculiarly prolific of them. Certain
instances, however, pail by force of repeti
tion; certain men succeed in acquiring a
pre eminence in infamy which actually de
stroys their value for purposes of illustra
tion. The wcrld grows weary of hearing
of them. The frauds and outrages in the
Erie management, for instance, have per
haps been dwelt upon ad nauseam. Not
that justice has been, or, outside of a pri
son door, well can be done to their perpe
trators, but nothing implicating them can
longer excite surprise.' From the leading
criminals themselves to the counsel who
revel in thrir dirty work, these men
have now brought all the discredit
they can on everything with which
they live in contact, from American
credit dcwD to the New York bar. It is,
therefore, hardly werth while to go on
with the contributions of another year to
their long head-roll of offenses. Anew
illustration from other quarters of the
abuse of political influence would he more
effective. Even if no evidence should he
found to exist of the perpetration of fraud,
yet the opportunity for it may exist so
evidently—the way, if the will were only
there—that the propriety of removing
from erring humanity such an ever-present
temptation may prove a subject worthy of
grave discussion. Upon looking over the
b’ oad field, various scandals at once sug
gest themselves. The incidents of the re
cent Congress and its suspicious squander
ing of public lands would naturally be the
first. Especially those vast grants which
have endowed a single corporation—the
Northern Pacific—with an appanage near
ly equal to a dozen States of the size of
Massachusetts, and hardly, if at all, falling
short of the united areas of the five second
class European kingdoms of Denmark,
Holland, Belgium, Portugal and Greece.
At one time during the last winter there
were railroad schemes pending before
Congress which appropriated four hundred
million acres of the public domain-an
area larger than the whole original thir
teen Colonies. Os the Southern States it
would be mere waste of time to speak.”
Summary, —We have considered the
subject of railroads under four general
heads:
1. The grants of public lands as the nu
cleus for the formation of companies.
2. The use of the banks for obtaining
large advances by the hypothecation ot
stocks and bonds, and the consequent per
manent conversion of circulating into fixed
capital.
3. The undue extension of credit, by
which a spasmodic action is produced in
the money market, and a system of hy
pothecation of stocks and bonds that di
verts capital from its legitimate uses in
augmenting the products of the couutry.
4. The combination of cliques or rings,
and the corruption by which political con
trol is obtained, tba 1 : threatens to absorb
all the powers of government in the inter
est of a stupendous monopoly.
It must not be supposed from the tenor
of the above remarks that we are inimical
to railroad improvement, I ut it is desira
Lie that such improvement should be ef
fected by private subscription and not by
grants of public lands, subsidies of the
public money, or State and municipal
subscriptions
It is, however, for tho moral and po
litical results ot such a system—for the
cause of good government, and the credit
of free institutions, that the still increas
ing tide ct legislative corruption should be
arrested—that the odious word lobbyism
should no lencrr find a pLce in our po
litical vocabulary.
What is ix the Bedkooml—lf two per
sons are to occupy a bedroom during the
night, let them step on the weighing
scale as they retire, and then again in the
morning. Frequently there will he a loss
of two or more pounds, and the average
loss throughout the year will be a pound
of matter, which has gone off from their
bodies partly from the iuDgs, and partly
from the pores of the skin. This escaped
material is carbonic acid, and decayed ani
mal matter or poisonous exhalation. This
is diffused in the air in part, and part ab
sorbed in the bed clothes. If a single
ounce of wcol or cotton be burned in a
room, it will so completely saturate the
air with smoke, that one can hardly
breathe, though there is only one ounce of
foreign matter in the air. If an ounce of
cotton be burned every half hou- during
the night, the ajr will be kept continually
saturated with smoke, unless there be an
open window or door for it to escape.
Now, the sixteen ounces thus formed is
far less poisonous than the sixteen exhala.-
tious from the lungs and bodies of those
who have lost a pound in weight during
the eight hours of sleeping ; for while the
dry smoke is mainly taken into the lungs,
the damp odors from the body are absorbed
into the pores of the whole body. Need
more be said to show the importance of
having bedrooms well ventilated, and of
thoroughly airing the bed clothes in the
morning, before packing them up in the
form of a neatly made bed i
Several years ago there was quite a
scandal because the Prince of Wales was
married during the season of Lent, which,
according to the church authorities, was
quite uncanonical. Since then, as if to
mock her displeasure of the clerical inter
ference. the Queen has, as a rule, held her
“drawing rooms” on Fridays, to which
the clergy have also objected. And now,
as though to bring matters to a crisis, the
marriage of the Princess Louise has been
fixed to take place, not only in Lent, but
on a Friday. Already the Archbishop of
Canterbury and the Bishops of London
and Oxford have sent in a remonstrance,
and it remains to be seen whether Her
Majesty will succumb to the pressure thus
put upon her. To outsiders it seems odd
that, while marriages are solemnized on
Sundays, there should be any objection to
a Friday, even though it occurred during
Lent. .It is generally believed that the
marriage will take place on the day already
selected, in spite of the Episcopal protest.
Railroads.
IMPORTANCE OF CONSOLIDATION, MAN
AGEMENT, rrc.
In th« pamphlet proceedings of the
Citnmerciil Convention, held at Cin
cinnati, Getober last, copy of which we
have just pceived, in whioh twentj-five
S rates weic represented, we notice the
following hterestieg and important re
port, madt by the .Committee op Rail
ways genetall/, of which our fellow-citi
zen, Cclocel E. W. Cole, was Chair
man :
The Sptcial Committee on Railroads
geneialiy, cspectfully submit the follow-
ing repert
Tbe snlject referred to them was so
oompreheisive when considered in con
nection with the importance and magni
tude of the interests involved, that it was
found inpossible for your committee,
during the then time allowed them, to
properly consider the numerous resolu
tions and suggestions relating to State
and local improvements ; and, not wish
ing to dscriminate against any, it was
deemed nest uot to refer to such local
interests, and to confine the action of the
committet to questions of national im
portance.
In regatd to railway management gen
erally, the committee respectfully recom
mend, tint this convention urges the im
portance of miformity of gauge in the
future construction of railroads.
Cos operation in railroad management
has met with eminent success, and has
given satisfaction to both the public and
railway companies, wherever it has been
fairly tested.
It is accordingly recommended that all
breaks and obstructions in our great high
ways of trade and travel be remedied,
and the connection of tracks and unifor
mity of giuge be perfected as early as
possible, so that trains may pass from one
road to another, without annoyance or
delay to either passengers or freight.
The coumittee refer with pride to the
fact that ffie American continent is now
crossed bj a continuous line of rail, from
the waters of the Atlantic to those of the
Pacific Ocean, so that cars may run from
Eastern cities to San Francisco, without
the expense and damage attending the
breaking of bulk in freight, or the change
of cars by passengers.
RectgDizing the railroad interests as one
of inedimatle importance to the whole
country, the committee recommend that
the Federal Government exercise the lar
gest liberality toward those enterprises
consistent with wholesome legislation, and
especially those in the Southern States,
whicl may have been crippled by the late
unfor unate and deplorable war.
Theoommittee recommend the adoption
of thefolhiwing resolutions:
Resdmd, That among the great enter
prises proposed for the development of
our whole country, the construction of a
railroat connecting the waters of the Pa
cific Otean and the great lakes, by the
Northern Pacific route, has the sympathy
of this jonvention.
Resomed, That expediency and justice
alike danands, that the General Govert
mont should extend the same liberal aid
to a Sotthern line of rail across the con
tinent, is has been afforded the Northern
Central for directly connecting tbe North
ern Sta.es and railroad system with the
oceans, on our Eastern and Western bor
ders, as a measure of us impartial benefi
cence ; tending at once to give prosperity
to our Southern Atlautic and gult ports;
vitalize the prostrated system of Southern
railroads, stimulate production, and in
crease wealth in the entire interior South,
and seal the affections of its people to the
flag of the nation, and their devotion to
the honor aud best interests of the Re
public
Resolved, That this convention is op
posed to any legislation that will unneces
sarily obstruct, hinder and delay tho pass
age across the rivers of our country’Jof
railroads or other means of transit.
Resolved, That tho policy adopted by
many of the Southern railroads in afford
ing cheap transportation to persons seek
ing a settlement in the Southern States, or
investigating and examining the resources
of the same for the purpose of invest
ment, is heartily approved by this conveL
tioD, as a measure well oalculated to en
courage immigration to those States.
Resolved, Tnat this convention recom
mend that Congress renew and extend the
grants of alternate sections of find made
to railroads in the South, whioh, after the
Initial construction of said roads, have
lapsed iu the consequence of the interrup
tion to public enterprises, caused by the
war.
Resolved , That tbe President of this
convention be requested to furnish the
President and Vice President of the United
States, and the Speaker of the House
of Representatives, with a copy of the
foregoing report and resolutions.
After some discussion, the report and
resolutions were adopted, under a call for
the previous question. —Nashville Repub
lican Banner.
Tornadoes tn Georgia immense Be
slructlon or Property.
Last week a tornado, or cyclone, passed
through Troup and Merriwethtr counties,
which, for a space of twenty miles in length,
prostrated houses, fences, trees and iuclud
ed everything in its track. So far as heard
from, no lives were lost.
The Albany A’eies.of Sunday.reports two
others in that section of tho We
annex the article ; *
FEARFUL THUNDER STORM-GREAT DBS'
TRUCriON OF PROPERTY.
The following brief note gives us a sad
account ol a terrifio hurricane in Baker
countj . This is tho second tornado that
has passed over that neighborhood this
month. On the morning of the first, one
of the most furious and destructive hurri
canes swept across the county a tew miles
south of the track of the one on the
13th, that has been known in the pine
lands for many years. Its direction, we
believe, was southwest to northeast, and
about five hundred yards in width. One
of Mr. B, 11. Hill’s places was stripped of
buildings, sheds, fences and timber, and
several mules were badly injured. It pass
ed over Colonel Fluellyn’s place, sweeping
everything before it, and killing five mules
and injuring as many more-
We are not advised as to the full extent
of the damage, but it was very serious
wherever the tornado dipped :
Ccl. Styles ; At a quarter past five
o’clock yesterday, a terrific storm—tor
nado-passed over my plantation. Main
Gourse from southwest to northwest.
Breadth of the tornado about two hundred
yards. It literally swept everything in
its line of march.
I had three negro houses, mule shed,
sugar mill shed, wagon shed and live cot
ton houses completely demolished; two
other negro houses injured, and two corn
cribs unroofed,
No lives lost. The negroes in terror had
left their houses.
The stockade around my mule shed hav
ing fallen first, the mnles, as by instinct,
ran out. But for this I would most likely
have lost them all.
As I stood gazing upon the approaching
storm—at first only hearing the noise of
falling trees, which was rapid as the click
ing of a watoh—tho huge pines uprooted
or their great tops twisted off, whirled
about and borne along by the furious ele
ment-houses blown down and unroofed
—I thought I had some idea of the scene
which is to occur in the destruction of the
world, “the last day.”
Have just heard from Hon. J. Jones.
He had twenty-five houses, including
sheds, blown down.
Yours, truly, S. P. D.
Baker Counter, February 14, 1871.
From Columbia.
[Special Telegram to the News ]
Columbia, Wednesday, February 22,
The Railroad Committee to-day submitted
a report granting to the Greenville Rail
road a guarantee by the State of one mil
lion six hundred thousand dollars for re
pairs, and ten thousand dollars for every
mile of new road built. It is feared that
the bills to i rotect the credit of the State
have merely been used to sandwich jobs
through. The negotiations to sell out the
Greenville Railroad to the South Carolina
Railroad have failed.
The House has adopted the report of
its committee appropriating ninety thou
sand dollars for fitting up their hall. It
was said on the floor that certain parties
will make forty thousand dollars by this
job.
There is some probt-bility that the
Greenville Railroad bill will pass; but
Gov. Scott, in conversation, declares he
will stick at nothing to defeat all bills
which, for any purpose, increase the State
debt.
The bill to relieve Charleston of her rail
road debt looks promising, but, if passed,
requires a ratification by the popular vote.
There is good reason to believe that the
Benate will reject the bill re-establishing
the usury laws.
Hollingshead, in Columbia, has been
elected to the Senate by 735 majority over
all opponents.
[COMMUNICATE). I
Office Southern Times & Planter, 1
Sparta, Ga., Feb. 21st, 1871. j
Editors Chronicle <k Sentinel :
We notice that your valuable paper
copied as a fact the statement appealing
in tbe Times & Planter recently, relative
to rhe sale of guano. “A ton to tbe
agent" was of eourse a burlesque, which
we thought would mislead no person, who
has aDj knowledge of Hancock oounty.
There has been several hundred tons pur
chased in the eounty already, as will be
seen by referring to tie last number of
our paper, and it is thought it will be used
very extensively, if not so largely as last
vear. Respectfully,
B. A. Harrison & Cos.
Editors Times & Blunter.
Decisions of the Supreme Court of
Georgia.
Delivered at Atlanta, Tues'day, Feb. 14,
1871.
[reported expressly for the consti
tution, BY N. J. HAMMOND, SUPREME
COURT REPORTER.]
Thomas B. Rains vs. Charles Dunning
aodJas. Suggs. Injunction, from Ran
dolph.
McCay, J.
Where A-, bolding an execution against
8., caused his lands to be levied upon,
and before the sale, it was agreed betwten
them that B. should sell to A. the lands
in satisfaction of the judgment, which
was shortly afterwards done. B. making a
deed, and A. satisfying the judgment, and
it subsequently appeared that, after the
contract was made, but bes re it was con
summated by writing and signature, C.
had purchased from B. the limbc upon a
large portion of the land, with full notice
of the agreement between A. and 8., and
had taken a deed from B. past dated, so
as to go behind A.’s judgment against 8.,
with iotent to defraud A., aod permitted
A., without notice, to go on aod perfect
his agreement with,B., in ignorance of the
sale of the timber,
i7e 7 cZ, That this was a fraud upon A.,
and a bill to cancel the deed conveying
the timber to C-, and to enjoin him from
cutting the timber is not demurrable lor
want of equity.
Judgment reversed.
B. 8. Worrill for plaintiff in error.
Hood & Kiddoo by Moses & Dow ning,
for defendant.
B'aoford & Braun, for use of John
T. (Jlark. vs. H. G. Peagio, Sheriff. Rule
vs. Sheriff, from Stewart.
McCay, J.
A return by the Sheriff upoD a fi. fa
that he has “ received of the defendant
$9.25, in full of the costs of this fi. fa.," is
such a return of entry as under seotiou
of the Revised Code will prevent the dor
mancy of the judgment.
Judgment reversed.
John T. Clark for plaintiff in error.
E. H. Worrill for defendant.
James D. Leonard vs. W. F. Powell, trus
tee. Assumpsit and motion for dcw
trial, from Randolph.
1. A trust estate is ordinarily liable for
neoessaiies for its protection and preserva
tion, and, to the exteut of the income, for
necessaries tor the use of the beneficiaries
who are in want, unless the trust deed
otherwise provide, but it is Dot iu error in
the court to refuse to give this principle of
law in charge to a jury, in a case wbioh
turns wholly on an alleged express con
tract with the trustee, and there is no evi
dence from which the implied liability of
the trust estate can bo lawfully assumed.
2. Where there was a trust estate in
Randolph county, in the possession of a
trustee, for the wife of A, and A, with his
family, lived on a farm in Early county,
and articles were furnished to A, and used
by him in the support of his wife and lam
ily, the law will not presume that the wife
oi A is in want, and charge her trust et
tate in Randolph with the articles simply
because it is proven that the trustee has
not supplied her.
Judgment affirmed.
H. Fielder for plaintiff in error.
L. S. Chastain, B. S. W orrill, for de
fendant.
A. E. Marble vs. Robt. L. Laney. Cer
tiorari, from Muscogee.
McCay, J.
When a Justice of the Peace commits
an error of law in a matter material to the
iteue before him, as if he takes jurisdic
tion of a claim of more than one hundred
dollars, and a certiorari is applied for, and
ali the requirements of the law in refer
ence to a certiorari are complied with, it
is error in the Judge of tho Superior
Court to refuse the writ of certiorari.
Judgment reversed.
L F. Gerrard for plaintiff in error.
No appearance for defendant.
Mary E. Shorter vs. Moore, Trimble &
Cos. Illegality, from Muscogee.
McCay, J.
Where there was a judgment against
H., a garnishee, in a suit in favor of T. &
Cos, against rs., and S. after the judgment,
payd the money to a judgment in favor of
B. against H. of older date, than the
judgment of T. & Cos. vs. H., S. having
also been served with summons of garnish
ment in B.’s suitjns. Hi,
Held, That this was a satisfaction of the
judgment of T. & Cos. vs. S., unless it be
shown that B.’s judgment was not, in fact,
the oldest lien, and the whole question of
the payment, and which of tho judgments
was, in fact, the oldest, may be inquired
into on an affidavit of illegality by S., set
ting up the payment to the oldest judg
ment.
Where the Judge of the Superior Court
required the affiant in an affidavit of ille
gality to an execution, wLioL affidavit was
quite voluminous, to make a brief of the
grounds taken in the affidavit, in the shape
of a motion, this was not such error as
this Court will correct, it being mere mat
ter of practice, for the convenient transac
tion of the business ot the Court; but in
so doing, if a material allegation in the af
fidavit is not included in the brief, it is er
ror in the Court to reject evidence going
to support it, and confine the defendant
to the brief.
Judgment reversed.
Chappell & Russell for plaintiff in error.
Peabody & Brannon for defendant.
O. Paramore & Cos., vs. Woolfalk Walker.
Motion for new trial, from Muscogee.
McOay, J.
Where on a trial before a jury, it was in
issue whether a horse was sound at the
time of a sale, and there was evidence on
both sides upon the point, one of the wit
nesses saying he was slightly lame, and
continued to grow worse for a year, and
after the tria’ a witness was found, who
would swear that the horse was not lame
at the sale, or for a long time thereafter,
when he got a hurt, which made him se
riously lame,
Held, That this was only cumulative
evidence, and not a ground tor new trial,
in order to justify anew trial on the
ground of newly discovered evidence, it
must appear that the newly discovered
evidence is sucli as will probably change
the verdict.
Judgment affirmed.
Peabody & Brannon, for plaintiff in er
ror.
Blanford & Thornton, for defendant.
John M. Hill, administrator, vs. Geo.
Bell. Com plaint, from Terrell.
Warner, J.
An action was brought by the plaintiff,
as administrator, to recover the possession
of a piano from the defendant as the
property of the intestate, and, upon trial,
he failed to introduce his letters of ad
ministration in evidence, or to prove the
actual possession of the piano by him as
snch administrator, before the commence
ment of the suit, although there was
evidence that the piano had been ap
praised as the property of the intestate :
Held, That the plaintiff did not show
such evidence of title as would authorize
him, as administrator, to recover the pos
session of the riano from the defendant,
who claimed to hold it adversely to the
plaintiff’s intestate, and that there was no
error in the Court below in granting a
nonsuit.
Judgment affirmed.
C. B. Wootten, by Hill & Candler, for
flaintiff in error.
Hines & Hobbs, by Geo. Beall and R.
H. Clark, for defendant.
Thos. Gastello vs Sophrooia Castelio.
Divorce, from Stewart.
Warner, J.
When an aeiion for a divorce was
brought by the huband against his wife,
alleging as a ground for divorce, the will
ful and continual desertion of the wife for
the term of throe years :
Held, That the husband was a compe
tent witness on the trial thereof, under the
provisions of the 3,795 th section of the
Code; but he couid not testify as to any
facts derived by him from the confidential
relation of husband and wife.
Judgment reversed.
Moses & Downing, C. R. Russel, lor
plaintiff in error.
Mo appearance for defendant.
M. T. Hickson vs. Geo- H. ißryam Home
stead,from Harris.
Warner, J f
Where H died intestate,leaving a widow
as a sole heir at law, who eleoted to take
her dower in the lands of her deceased
husband, and afterwards applied for a
homestead out of the other lands of her
deceased husband:
Held, That after electing to take her
dower, she was entitled to a homestead
out of the other lands of which her hus
band died seized and possessed.
Judgment affirmed.
Ramsey &- Ramsey, H. L. Benning, for
plaintiff.
James M. Mobley, E. H. Worrill, for
defendant.
Felix McCardle vs. N. J. Fogarty. Cer
tiorari, from Muscogee.
Warner, J.
A petition for a writ of certiorari was
presented to the Judge of the Superior
Court for the correction of errors in law,
alleged to have been committed on the trial
of a case in a Justice’s Court, under the
provisions of the Code, and the Jndge re
fused to sanction the same.
Held, That the errors oom plained of in
the petition for certiorari were sufficient in
law to have authorized the Judge to have
sanctioned the certiorari, and that it was
error to refuse to do so.
Judgment reversed.
Moses & Downing, for plaintiff in error.
Mo appearance for defendant.
The Great Fire in Savannah.
On going to press Tnursday morning
we gave the latest reliable information of
the extensive conflagration whoa visited
the business portion of the city. Wc de
clined to publish p roblematic losses, and
yesterday we hunted for the particulars
wbioh were wanting.
The fire was stopped at the block known
as Jones’ block, which oounecsed with
the Hodgson as described in the
Republican of Thursday.
We did not particularly enumerate the
losses sustained, from the tact that we
were not satisfied with the reports re
ceived.
The total loss upon the buildings and
property reaches the amount of $120,000,
which covers all insurance risks, as fol
lows :
Bell & Hull, auctioneers and commis
sion merchants, were insured on their
stock for $9,000 —$4,000 in the Lori'iard
of New York, and $5,000 in tho Queen
Insurance Company, of which R. H. Foot
man & Cos., are the agents.
Mr. McLaughlin’s stock was insured
for §6,000—53,000 in the Queen and
$3,000 in the North British.
Mr. Wm, M. Davidson had his stock in
sured for $55,000 in the companies of
which Mr. Habersham, Mr. Woodbridge
and Mr. Stewart are the agents—s2o,ooo
in the Habersham agency, $20,000 in
Wood bridge’s agency and $15,000 iu Stew
art’s agency.
Tricst & Herman were insured in the
sum of SIO,OO0 —$5,000 in the Queen and
$5,000 iu the Royal, ot which Footman &
Cos. and Wm. O. Cosens are the agents.
James B. West & Cos., who occupied the
store above Mr. Davidson, had their office
furniture insured for SI,OOO iu the Home
Insurance of New York.
Brady & Moses had stored a lot of cot
ton, about seventy bales, which was a
total loss, and insured for $3,500 —$2,000
in the Georgia Home and $1,500 iu the
Virginia Home.
Messrs. Alexander & Russell had stored
fifteen hundred sacks of salt, upon which
there was no insurance, and which proved
a total loss.
Mr. Wallace, paper house, above Bell &
Hull, lost all his stock, which was insured
in the sum of $5,000.
The buildings known as the Hodgson
block, which were completely consumed,
were partially insured as follows : $12,000
in the Atlantic and Brooklyn, $6,000 in
the Tradesmen’s Union, and $6,000 in tho
Queen.
The above represents the loss by fire
covered by insurance, amounting to $117,-
500. The Jones’ block was saved, though
damaged by water and otherwise • but we
may safely put the loss at $10,00;i, which
will make the total loss $127,000, and we
opine it will cover the whole loss by the
disastrous fire.
Yesterday the detail of engines were
the Oglethorpe and Germania, which
were playing upon the smothered flames
during the day.
At four o’clock the safe of Messrs. Bell
& Hull was opened by our fellow-citizen
White and it was found intact. Six
hundred dollars in currency, all their
books, &c., were in good coadition. The
safe was a ‘‘Herring,” and numbered 216
—nearly twenty years old. We inspected
the books, papers, &c., and found them
perfectly preserved, with the exception of
a little scorching of the covers.
To-day the remaining safes will be
taken out and opened, and we trust that, a
like result will be manifested.—Republi
can.
Letter from Dr, Angler.
[From the New Hampshire Argus &
Spectator.]
Ati-NTA, Ga., Jan. 28th, 1871.
Messrs. Carltton & llarvey :
A score and a half of years, interpersed
with sunshine and storm, smiling Spring,
blooming Summer and dreary Autumn
and rigorous Winter, the blessings of
Deaoe and the terrors and desolations of
war, lie in the past since I left “Old Sulli
van.” from the little town ot Acworth.
Little in population, but great in beauti
ful scenery and sterling virtues of her self
reliant, stern yeomanry, and noble ma
trons and fair daughters.
The Argus & Spectator was a welcome
visitor at my father’s house from my ear
ly recollections, but in my rovings and
new encounters bad nearly passed from
my mind, until to-day, by the kindness of
an old friend one reached me, in w'hich I
find much to interest.
I see you have not changed yonr colors,
but stand by Democracy in adversity as
well as prosperity. Here, since tho war.
politics have been strangely mixed. All
the time a Uniou man, I found myself, for
the time, allied with those in favor of the
most speedy road to peace ; believing
that error could be more easily corrected
in a harmonious family, than right secur
ed, on demand, trom a conqueror.
What is called Democracy hero has
committed many errors, but it is hard to
keep on the side of discretion, where
tlieie is so much to aggravate.
We were sadly unfortunate in the selec
tion of a candidate for Governor, and still
more so in his election. If lie had pur
sued a wise, or even honest course, all
would have be :n peace an’d prosperity
here. But he has used his power and
patronage for evory species of fraud and
corruption, and has drawn around him a
crowd, mostly, like himself; and the peo
ple are accused of “disloyalty,” because
they will not join him and his tools in
their deviltry. The wonder is, that they
endure, with any degree of patience, the
usurpations and iniquities of this bad man.
As terrible as the war was, maDy wipe and
good men dreaded the immediate conse
quences of its close. A wild scene of
tumult and outrages was feared. It was
predicted and even feared, that a portion
of the disbanded troops, demoralized by a
four years incessant war and loss of prop
erty, would resort to tbe mountains and
secure plaecs, and that years of predatory
warfare would bo kept up. That these
bands of desperate men, assuming the
character of brigands and freebooters,
would keep the country in constant dread
and alarm, and that the “Sunny South”
would be given up to rapine. How vastly
different the result 1 No sooner had the
cannon ceased and Lae surrendered, and
each soldier made his own master, to go
where he pleased and choose his avoca
tion, than Dearly all returned to their
desolate homes, and with energy and forti
tude, sought by hard labor, to start anew,
or repair what destructive war hud laid
waste. Even fair lady hands, unaccus
tomed to out-door toil, seized the hoe and
the plow handle-, and did the labor of
their former slaves. And this is the peo
ple that arc now called “disloyal" because
they will net kis.s the foot that oppresses
them, and the hand that robs them.
The extinction of slavery is considered,
especially by tlie Northern mind, the
crowning act of the suppression of the
rebellion. Yet, few appear to understand
that slavery could not have been abolished
short of a bloody revolution. Their pul
pits resound with Providential interposi
tion, and hallejahs are sung that the
shackels are broken and the oppressed
free. Yet they fail to see, or acknowledge
the band of Providence in anything bun
their own acts. It certainly will take a
wonderful stroke of Providence, even a
miracle, to make in a moment, a wise
legislator or profound judge out of an
ignorant slave. But such is Radicalism
here. And this is the feast, witli robbing
and plundering, that the people are invited
to, and pronounced “ disloyal ” if they will
not eat and call it good.
It is useless, and fcl y, to expect a peo
ple who have recently emerged from a
long and bloody strife, with all the appli
ances of destruction brought to bear—
with the retiring war-cloud still muttering
in their ears, and the footsteps of' desola
tion before tteir eyes and under their feet,
and the yoke of subjugation on their necks,
to join in songs of praise and thanksgiving
at their fate; and he is void of charity,
and not a patriot or statesman, who looks
for it. Time alone can remedy these
evils, and the plastic hand will prove more
soothing and effectual to heal the wounds,
than the crushing heel of oppression. Re
move your bayonets, or stop their inter
ference with the civil law. Stop proscrib
ing the wealth, virtue and intelligence of
the State, while you promote the worth
less, ignorant and vicious. If the bright
est intellect of the South are considered
dangerous to the Government, banish
them, or gi»e thetp polities! equality.
Their very greatness will cause them to be
festering sores to the body politic, while
under the ban of proscription, Let the
Northern Radicals, of the Butler and
Morton stripe, blow their dog-horn and
call these sneaking, hounding political car
pet-baggers and scalawags off the track,
who are scenting plunder through official
promotion, by negro votes and Bullock’s
warrants on the Treasury, and we will
have a peace jubilee.
Respectfully yours,
N. L. Angier.
Railroads in the Umted States.—
There are now in the United States 50,-
000 miles of railroad. The cost of theso
works exceed $2,000,000,000. Their an
nual earnings exceed $400,000,000, and
equal sll per head of our entire popula
tion. They transport, annually, 125,-
000,000 tons of freight, or over three
tons to each persoD, assuming our entire
population to be 40,000,000. The value
of their tonnage, at the low estimate of
SIOO to the ton, equals S3OO per head,
and an aggregate sum of $12,500,000,000
—a sum six times greater than they cost.
Every mile of road constructed adds five
times its cost to the aggregate value of
the property of the country.
All this vaßt commerce and wealth are
wholly creations of railroads, and within
the short space of twenty years.
A Paris letter says: A conflict is ex
pected, should the Prussians attempt to
pass through the city.
Telegraphic Summary.
London, February 21. —In House cf
Commons, Gladstone, replying to inquiries
and attacks cf Johnson cud other mem
bers, explained the expressions used by
him in his letter to Dr. Deary. They
wire never intended to refer to tho
habitual character of tbe Pope. He said
he simply advocated personal freedom of
the Pope as tbe head cf a religion pro
fessed by many British subjects, and he
proceeded to defend his oourse at length.
Paris, February 22.—The consultative
commission ot the Assembly accompanied
Thiers to Versailles to-day.
The Journal de Farts says the amount
of the war indemnity to be demanded by
Prussia will not exceed five hundred mil
lion thalers.
The Bourse is stronger. Rentes quoted
at slf. 95c.
All the journals of this city approve the
speech delivered in the Assembly, on the
19tb, by Thiers.
La Liberte is convinced that it is Thiers’
intention to loyally endeavor to found a
Republic.
A Herald special, dated Berlin 21, says
the King ot Saxony urges the coronation
of the Empress. Bismarck opposes.
Bancroft gives a grand party in honor
of Washington’s birthday.
Berlin, February 21. —Official returns
received at the War Office, show that du
ring January the French lost 800 pieces
artillery, and 350.000 men. O! the latter,
Chauzey lost 25,000; Raye, 12,000; Faid
herbe, 11,000; Bourbaki, 30,000; the
army of Paris, 150.000, and of tho army
of t'eEast, 80,000 entered Switzerland,
The loss of the Germans, the same mouth,
was 10,000.
Berlin, February 22 —Provincial cor
respondence says : German demands are
so distinctly confirmed to things indis
pensable that French negotiators will have
to decide quickly and firmly. Prolonga
tion of the armistice for a few days is de
pendent on the acceptance of the main
German demands. The journal concludes
with the prediction that next week, unless
signs are deceptive, peace will bo restored.
Veksaili.es, February 21.—1f peace is
not assured by noon Friday next, the 2d,
3d and sth armies will be thrown upon
the south. Frederick Charles is looked to
for the exeention of this enterprise. The
troops around Paris are being drilled and
military bands are practicing for the entry
into Paris.
The King of Wurtemburg is expected
here.
Rome. February 22.— Owing to the
exceptional position of Switzerland, opera
tion of the Freuch custom regulations have
been so far suspended as to permit tbe
free exportation of 1,000,000 owl. of oorn
and salt into France.
Dr. J. D. Kern will remain Ambassador
of Switzerland at Parts.
Sr. John, N. 8., February 21. — At 12
to-day, Hon. Mr. King, Attorney General,
announced that Mr. Galt had resigned,
and that tbe Lieutenant-Governor had
called upon Mr. Gee. L. Hathaway to
form the Government. There was a
stormy discussion.
Versailles. February 22, via London,
February 23—5:30, A. M.—Tho Emperor
reoeived Thiers to-day. Ger. Chanzy was
present at the interview. Peace is con
sidered certain though it has not yet been
signed. The Germans will probably enter
Paris Sunday nest, but with only a tri
umphal ceremony, and they will Dot te
rnain long in the city.
London, February 23. —A dispatch
from Paris, tbe 22d, says nothing is yet
known of Prussian terms for peace. The
Figaro, however, says the terms are con
ciliatory.
The Moniteur, of Versailles, says the
war indemnity demanded by the Govern
meat is two millions of thalers. The Ger
mans demand immediate payment of two
millions ot francs by tho department of
Oise, and accord delay in payment of the
remaining eight millions.
A dispatch from Arras, the 23 J, says
the moats around that city are filled with
water, for defense-
A dispatch from Dieppe, the 22d, says
the eighth German corps, belonging to
Manteuffel’s army, and composed ot the
Mecklenburgers, is arriving there, and if
peace is signed will embark lor Hamburg
direct.
Versailles, February 23.— Tho Mono
teur, official organ of Versailles, justifies
Germany’s demand for an indemnity of
2,000,000 thalers,
London, February 23. —News from Rio
Janeiro, February 21, has been received by
mail steamer. The news is meagre. Af
fairs at Montevideo are improving. The
revolutionists were defeated and the in
surrection nearly ended. It recalls the
example of America, and adds that Franoe
will soon recover from her present condi
tion, provided she abandons useless wars-
The Journal de Paris says : Bismarck,
at the request of Thiers, ordered the cessa
tion of requisitions on all sections, and de
clared that contributions levied since 28th
ol January will be deducted /tom FYeilCtl
indemnity.
The 'telegraph has a special from Paris,
dated tho 23d, that all the conditions of
peace arc settled, except indemnity in
money.
Paris, February 23. —The Moniteur
says Troehu has resigned at the request of
Thiers and retired to private life.
The disturbance at Nice has been sup
pressed.
The Galois says Lord Lyons, the Brit
ish Ambassador, and Chevalier Nigra,
Italian Minister, will soon go to Paris in
order to afford Thiers the moral support
of their Governments in peaco negotia
tions.
The Fatrie, of to-day, says Bismarck
has communicated the conditions of peace
to the Cabinets of Vienna, London and St.
Petersburg.
Paris is tranquil.
Bordeaux, February 23.— The Moni
teur. of Bordeaux, announces that the
armistico has been prolonged until the
26th iast., at midnight. It denies reports
which have been current respecting Prus
sian demands, and says Bismarck and
Thiers maintain absolute silence at present.
London, February 24. Madame
Schneider is alive and well.
A Brazilian loan cf three million ster
ling has been put on the London market.
A dispatch from Amiens is unfavorable.
German troops are already in motion.
There undoubtedly has been an insurrec
tion in Algeria.
The evening edition of the limts has
the following special dispatch from Ver
sailles to day ; “Count Bismarck has
doubts of the conclusion of peace at this
time. France has asked prolongation of
the armistice. Hostilities will be renewed
at midnight on the 26ih. Guns of the
forts have been turned towards Paris.
Long conference hold to-day.”
Versailles, Februaiy 24. —Paris is
quiet. Thiers is expected here to-day.
London, February 24 —4:30, p. m.—A
Standard special from Versailles an
nounces that a treaty of peace has beeo
s’gued by Thiers and Bismarck. Some
details unarranged, will be adjusted to
morrow. France pays to Germany three
hundred and twenty million thalers. Al
sace and Lorraine, including Meia and
Nancy, arc ceded. The German army
will not enter Paris. Emperor William
leaves on Monday for Berlin.
The steamer Erie, heDca for New York,
was spoken on the 21 of February ; screw
lost, and proceeding under sail.
Bremen, February 24 —A telegraphic
order from Versailles directs the release
of all French hostages.
Bordeaux, February 24 — The Court of
Rome has recognized the new Govern
ment of France.
No news received here respecting nego
tiations at Versailles. The Berlin Cross
Gazette says dispatches in Belgium jour
nals purporting to give the conditions of
peace now negotiating, are altogether in
correct.
London, February 25.—A colliery ex
plosion occurred in South Wales. Fifti
dead have already been taken out.
The Times' special from Paris says tLe
treaty is regarded as signed-
Blanc, Hugo, and Rochefort, members
of the radical Left ol the Assembly, will
present a motion impeaching Napoleon.
It is stated at Versailles that the ma
terial of French regiments at Bordeax is
excellent.
_ Paris, February 26.—Thie rs accepts
the principle territorial cession, hut is
trying to save Metz. Bismarck agrees to
leave that fortress to Franoc, but Moltke
objects.
Havana, February 25.— Inccensio Casa
nova, a passenger by the steamer City of
Mexico from New York, has been forbid
den to remain here, and ordered to rc-jm
bark.
London, February 25.—- Great uneasi
ness is feit in the north of France on the
suljectof peace negotiations. Everything
is in readiness to inundate the country.
The Echo du Nord protests against the
theory of revenge as but the opinion of a
faction and contrary to the interests of the
nation and of the progress of peace solu
tion.
Paris, February 25. —Ponger Quertier
has been appointed Minister ot Com-
merce.
Thiers went to Versailles yesterday, and
after his return, consulted the Commis
sion of Fifteen. It is believed negotia
tions wore resumed tc-day. It is said the
present difficulty is respecting the treaty
of commerce. Newspapers oppose Prus
sia’s alleged intention of imposing a com
mercial treaty upon France. The Jemps
says the annual product of the .anded
property of Franco wi 1 not, for a long
time, exceed 13,000,000 francs; an in
demnity of 1, 000,000 thalers is therefore
excessive.
The Temps says the sympathetic words
of President Grant’s message, _ towards
the German Empire, are a painful sur
prise to the French Democracy.
The coffee crop is short throughout Cen
tral America.
Chilian advices report the eleetion of
anti-church candidates certain.
FROM WASH I NOTON.
Washington, Febnrary 25. —* The
Senate passed the bill. I y a strict party
vote, except Trumbull, for the purity of
elections.
Gen. Bulkhead, recently in r>. remand
at Fort Wallace, exceeds Gen. Reynolds
in command ofTcxag.
Tho Outrage‘Committee holds daily ses
sions.
The Committee of Conference, on the
Repeal of the icqome tax, have agreed to
disagree.
The committee to investigste the Indian
Commission, report neglect, incompetency,
irregularities and, in some instances, dt
parture from the express provisions of the
law. Tfere is no evidence cf fraud on the
part of Commissioner Parker.
The Democrats of the next House
caucus Monday evening next.
The Committee of Conference on the
part of the House for the Texas Pacific
Railroad has not been announced.
Senate.— The bill revising the laws
and regulations of patents and copyrghts
has passed.
Trumbulj offered a resdution paying
Hill and Mtiier lrorn the dale of their elec
ttou in 1868, and compensation to Whitely
ar.d r »rrovv trom the date of their election
until the Senate declared against them—
no action.
A Cos mnittec of C inference was ordered
on It xas Proifio Riiijoad. The President
appointed Howard, Kellogg and Flana
gan.
Pos,. oce appropriations were taken j
up.
House.— -The resdution paying the
widow of J. H- Lcfiwicb, contestant for a
seat from tbe Memphis District, $2,500,
was passed.
flic ( onunittee on Commerce reported
a substi.uto for tl e Senate bill amenda
tory to „ the net declaring the bridges on the
New Orleans, Mobile and Chattanooga
Railroad, post roads, which was adopted
and the bill passed.
The latest dispatches regarding peace
and the extension of the armistice are con
flicting.
Tee substitute which the Houso passed
to day tor the henate bill, relating to tho
railroad bridge over lligolfts, only rc
quires draw to bo put in line with tbo
current of the stream. The Senate bill
required the bridge to be moved up a mile
auU width of draw 150
.eet. Ihe bill will be reported for con
currence rn the Senate on Monday.
Confirmations-John R. G. Pitkin,
General Appraiser for Merchandise South. •
Selfridge’s surveying parly aro all well.
Honduras has declared war with San
Salvador. A general, but feeble light, is
progressing.
FROM MASSACHUSETTS.
Boston, February 25.— The preliminary
examination to-day of Everett J. Ober
and John if. Harvey, two parties arrested
last evening, charged with passing counter
feit money, resulted in holding them for
trial. The counterfeits exhibited in court
were upon the Westchester County Na
tional Bank at Pickskill, and were very
good imitations. The detectives are posi
tive they are on the right track, and that
the case is one ol great magnitude.
The loading of the steamer Woiecster,
with supplies for France, was finished to
day, but she may not be in readiness to
sail before Wednesday next.
The embezzlement a; Webster Bank
amounts to forty-seven thousand dollars,
Daniels, the Cashier, who was implicated,
has left the eiry.
FROM VIRGINIA.
Richmond, February 25.—The House
adopted the Senate amendments to the
Washington & Richmond Railway bill —
ayes, 69 nays, 36 —and the bill is now a
law.
Sunday's Msputciies.
NOON DISPATCHES.
FOREIGN.
Washington, Ftbruaty 26. —News is
meagre. The fallowing is the latest :
“Paris, February 25.—Dispatches from
Versailles dated midnight Friday, 24th,
says Thiers, Favre and Bismarck held a
long interview Friday. The terms of peaco
were agreed upoo, but tbe exact nature is
a profound secroct. They arc to bo
submitted Saturday to the Consultive
Committee. Peace is certain. Too ar
mistice is not to be prolonged. The Prus
sians enter Paris Mot.diy.”
NIGHT DISPATCHES.
FOREIGN.
Paris, Saturday night Feornary 25. —
The preliminaries of peace were finally
settled to-day. The axact terms aro un
known, but they are believed to be severe.
Bismarck has been pitiless throughout the
negotiation l - Ji.rjtpA - n v Tfiicrs and
commission of the Assembly will proba
bly go to Bordeaux Suoday to submit the
conditions agreed on to tho Assembly. It
is said they wiH be immediately adopted
and farther prolongation of the armistice
will be unnecessary. Thiers was at Ver
sailles all day tc-iav.
Paris, Sunday. February 26, via Lon
don, February 26.— The conclusion of
peace is certain. Thiers, Favre and the
Consultive Commission have accepted
the following conditions : First. The ces
sion of Alsace and Merz, but Belfort to be
restored to the Freneh. Second. The
payment ot a war indemnity of five mil
liards francs. Third. A portion of the
French territory, with some fortified !owds,
like Sedan, to remain in the possession of
the Germans until the conditions of the
treaty are fulfilled. Fourth. Tie German
army to enter Paris Monday and ocoupy
Champs Elysium. Fifth. Peace to be
proclaimed when tho French Assembly
ratifies the second condition. Ttiiers and
the delegates return to Bordeaux to-day.
FROM WASHINGTON.
Washington, February 26.—The fol
lowing bouse-i have been appointed agents
for the negotiation of the new Govern
ment loan abroad : N. M. Rothschild &
Sons, London ; Morton, Dose & Cos., Lon
don ; Jay Cooke, McCulloch & Cos.,
London. Germany: M. H. Deßothschild
& Son, Frankfort. France: Deßothschild
Bros., Paris; Drexcl, Harjes & Cos.,
I aris. Holland : Hope <fe Cos., Amster
dam ; Beckersfidd, Amsterdam. Some
seventeen hundred home agencies have
been appointed, including seventy-five
private banking institutions. Nine nun
dred have accepted and fifty declined the.
agency.
The Government purchases two millions
bonds each Wednesday, and will sell one
million gold on the first, third, and fifth
Thursday, and two millions on the second
and fourth Thursday. Transaction of the
month —purchase, ten million bonds and
sell seven millions gold.
War Department, )
. Office Chief Signal Officer, J-
Washington, Feb. 20. J
The low barometer yesterday evening,
at Nashville, was this morning at India
napolis, and at this moment is near TV
ronto, Canada, where the pressure ia very
low. The progress of this centra! depres
sion has been accompanied with rain from
the Middle Atlantic to Lake Erie, and
snow on Lake Michigan. D has been fol
lowed by heavy rain on the Gulf and snow
in Missouri. Fresh southwest wieds have
prevailed on the Snuth Atlantic coast, and
brisk northwest winds on the lakes- It is
nowclearingup, with brisk northwe.t. winds
on the Gulf, and -outhwest winds on the
South A'lantic. The storm is c’osing with
high northwest winds on Michigan ami
heavy rains and sleet on Lake Erie. The
weather has been fair on the Pacific, and
fair with rising temperature in Kanses.
The probabilities are that high winds will
probably prevuil on the Lakes and brisk
winds on the East Atlantic, until Monday
night and the clouds will probably back
np over the South Atlantic and Golf with
fresh winds.
THE COTTON MOVEMENT.
New York, February 26. —The cotton
movement for the week shows a falling off
in receipts, while there i* an cnoiOtious in
crea.-e in exports. Receipts at tee ports
for the week, 136,661 hales, against 141,-
957 last week, 161,095 the previous week,
and 154 482 three weeks since. Receipts
since September, 2,787,790. against
2,115,539 the previous year. Exporis at
ail the pores for the week, 125,218, against
01,444 tLe same week last year. Expcsts
for the expired portion of the cotton year,
1,696,183, agarnst 1,161.049, the same
time last year. The stock at the ports is
693,218, against 568,234 last year. Stocks
at interior towns, 118,382, against 101,-
843 last year. Stock in Liverpool, 764,-
000, against 311,000 last vear. American
cotton afloat for Great Britain, 294,000,
against 249,000 last year. Indian cotton
afloat for Europe, 131,632, against 108,-
512 last year. Weather during the week
again rainy.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Nasiitille, February 20.—The negro
convention asks protection from Gongress.
Hamilton, Ohio, February 26. — Ticket
number 28,889 draws the Opera House.
Llttle Kocx, Auk., February 26. The
absent Senators have returned. The Court
dismisses the quo warranto against Lieu
tenant-Governor Johnson.
FROM NEW YORK.
New York, February 26.—The bark
Hunter, with 3,812 barrels of flour, con
tributed by A. X. Stewart, has cleared
for France. The bark Midas has a'so
cleared for France, with 10,264 harre's of
flour.
Sea advertisement of Dr. Butt' s dis
pensary, headed book for the million—
Marriage Guide— in another column,
should be read by all. myl6-d<fcwly