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OLO SERIES-VOL. LXXU. NEW SERIES VOL. XXXVIII. TERMS. THE DAILY CHROKICLF. A SENTINEL, the oldest in theU-Tfith, ia published daily, cept M >nday. Term-: Per year,slo; six moutbi, $5; three months, %l 60. THE TKI-WEEKLY k SENTINEL i* publish'd every Taeeday, Thursday and Satur day. Term : One year, $5; a x month-, $2 50. THE WEEKLY CHRONICLE k SENTINEL is pub li-h- i- very Wednesday. Terms : One year, $2 six months, sl. SUBS ItIPTIONS in all cases in advance, and no pa: r t itmued after the expirat.ou of the time paid for. BATES OF ADVERTISING IN DAILY.—AI! tran sient advertisement* wiil be charged at the rate of |1 per s {tutre for f-aoh insertion for the first w.ek. Advertisements in the Tri-Weekly, two thirds of the rat*** in the Daily; and in the Weekly, onc-half the Daily at*n. Marriage and 1- ...era Noti.-es, $1 each. H|>ecia Notices, $1 p r square for the publication. Special rtf*** will be made for advertisements running for a month or longer. REMITTANCES should be male by Post Office M ti«*y Orders r Express. If this cannot lx* I done, pr tecti-m against losses by mail may be secured by forwarding a draft payable to thr Proprietors of the Chuoviclk k sentinel, or by sending the money in a registered letter. ALL COMMI'NICATION’S announcing candidates for office -from County Constvble to Member of Congress will be charged for at the rate of twenty cents per line. All announcements must be paid for in ad vane*. Address WALSH k WRIGHT, Chronicle k Hkntikki . Augusta, (ia. (Hjrom'clc anD WEDNESDAY. ... AUGUST 12, 1874. MINOR TOPICS. According to tins Vienna papers, 1 lie Emperor of Germany, in congratulating the Emperor of Ait*tr.a. recently mid : “I hope for the renewal of our old companionship in arm- to secure peace for many yearn, which in equally desired on all Hide*." The Cologne Gazette states that notwith standiug the repugnance of Alaace-Lonainers for the “lightning conductors,” an German helmets are nicknamed, the number of young men who have undertaken military service in on the increaHe. Madame Lenoir Jousserau. a French lady of great wealth, who ban just died, ban bequeath' ed ten million franen for the erection of a vast hospital in the Faubourg of Paris ; ami to the Htate she has left a grand collection of works of art and artistic curiosities. One of the pieces of wisdom enunciated at a teachern' institute wan thin : that in teaching, “success rmißt depend in a large measure upon love for the work. If you have no pleasure in the work, the sooner you get out of it the bet tor for yourself and probably for the pupils.” Stanley writes : “No drunkard can live in Africa. The very fever discovers hid weak point, attackd him and killn liim. I knew noth ing much of tliid terrible recurring malady pre vioiid to my African experieuces, Lut I had eaiido before I ended my iniddion to know that a drunkard id leaHt able to withdtand a tropical and malarious climate.” Whoever induced the President to break hid golden rule of silence and make that xpeecli at Atlantic City Wad uu true friend to him. Wo know of no man with whom dilonce in public id more truly golden, or whose Hpeech id a more flimsy kind of currency. We think ho would do well to atick to the apecie basis in tliia mat* tor of Hpeech-rnaking. —lloslon Globe (Iml). According to the North German Gazette , the Gorman Miniatry haa ordered the police au thorillea to deal with Catholic associations aH atrictl.v aa the law will permit. The Minister of Justice haa inetmeted the public prosecu tora to ho very vigilant in regard to Ultramon tane agitation, especially in the press, as ille gal acta and serious Crimea are attributable thereto. In his lecture on “Dr. Frioatly’s Discovery of Oxygen Ghm," in tho Popular Science Monthly, Professor Uraper aaya: “What can he more touching, or even more beautiful, than tho last Hceno of Priestly's life ? When liia little grand-children were brought to hia bedside to hid him good night, ho uttered hia last words : ‘I go to sleep like you, but we shall wake to gether, and I hopo to oternal happiness.’” Dotroit judge to Daniel Smith : “Whisky is what aila you, air, and if some good kicker would get hold of you and hoot you from liam tranick to Springwells it would do more good than a ran of tho fever. When I aeo a young man like you loafing round, clothes in rags, eyes red, none red, hoola out, pockets empty and feathers in his hair, I wonder why the lightning ever at rikes any one else. Take him hack, Itijah. and when tho Maria starts make him waltz up lively." —Free Press. Rev. Florence McCarthy, of Chicago, said in liia sermon last Sunday, on the temptations of clergymen : “A few months ago the pastor of ono of the large llaptiat churches of this city received several anonymous letters from a lady member of the church. Ho was much ex ercised over it. He pondered long and deeply aa to what ho should do in tho case. Ho filially wont to hia weekly ohurch prayer meeting, and at the conclusion atatod some things, and asked if any of the ladies had written wuch letters to him. Os course uo ono arose." Dr. John Wilson, of Davenport, England, haw just died in consequence of a lamentable aooident. While engaged at tlio Itoyal Albert Hospital in performing a post-mortem exami nation, he unknowingly poisoned himself with morbific matter. On the following day a small pimple appeared near bis elbow, but it was not for some time evident what had occurred. His arm swelled to an enormous size, and ho became in a most precarious condition. The best medical skill of tlio neighborhood was of course in requisition, and after some days of intense suffering it appeared as if the poison had boon successfully combated, his health im proved, and everything seemed to indicate a speedy recovery, when quite unexpectedly, on July 9th. he died in his sleep. From one of Saint Beecher’s sermons: “When temptations tty through the communi ty they often take the best fruits that hang upon the bough of tlio household, the sweet hearted, the sympathetic, the impulsive, the beauteous; and when temptation has shaken the tree, if there is auv fniit iliat is not shaken off from the bough, it is tlio little surly, sour worthless crab that is not ripe. The men that are uot overthrown by temptation are often those who are censorious. They are often the critics of those that do fall. They are hard men; they are men that are cold, and that it gives one the chills to shake hands with, they are men that never feel the swell of rever bererating passions in themselves. They are men that go rock-ribbed and stony-hearted along through life, and talk about those who give way to their feelings and go to destruc tion. They never give way to /Mr feelings that is sure.” “No animal,” says a writer in Frasir, con tending against Darwinism, ‘ has ever been so honored, so carefully tended, and so prized by mau as the horse. He has been for many years the companion and darling of man. Yet. is the horse of to-day more exalted than the horse of Job, and Homer, and Virgil ? Do we notice him to bo in a course of transition to a higher state of being, accompanied with some change of form, and with a manifest en largement of capacity .- We notice nothing of the kind, and, moreover, expect nothing of the kind. We confidently expect him to remain a horse, he and his descendants, to the last chapter of this world's history. Neither the ant uor the lee is a whit more sagacious than they were in the days of Solomon or Virgil. They are not in course of transition to a higher platform —they are absolutely sta tionary- tlieir organs no way either improved or multiplied.” In regard to the charge that the English sparrows drive away our native birds. Dr. Brewer, the zoologist, declares that he would very much like to know when, where and how. “Will someone." he asks, “please produce the evidence, and, till he can do it, stop this story, which 1 utterly discredit ? It is certainly not so with us. Each year shows an increasing number of birds, apparently drawn to our pub lic gardens by the presence of these birds. The little chipping sparrow seeks out the com pany of these foreigners, joins their flocks, and feeds with them utimole.-ted. and with mutual good will. Other birds, such as the king bird, the Maryland yellow throat, the Bummer veilow bird, and several other species never seen here before, may now be seen in our public gardens. Instead of driving away other species, I maiutain that they attract them.” The Fpcctati >r imagines the historian of the future writing of English society of 1974 as having given itself with "an almost avidity to the pursuit of an unattainable excitement.— Enormously expauded in volume, inordinately rich, serrated by deep caste fissures, it had split into coteries, each endeavoring in its own more or lees frivolous way to allay in excite meut the universal feeling of unrest. Society had no dignity, no calm, and very little con tent. Falconry, the cruel, st and most danger ous of sports. regained the favor it held be fore the idea that an animal could suffer had entered the British mind. The safo slaughter of pigeons became a national sport, and skill in it excited the applause of women. Nothing but the determination of the magistrates pre vented a similar revival of cock-fighting. Rac ing became from amusement a pursuit; cricket, from a healthy game, became a profession; the universities publicly contended with each other for distinction in billiards. Within the houses of the rich extravagance rose to a mania, yet was accompanied by a previously unknown thirst for gain. Every noble became a tradesman,” and so on. IMPORTANT TO TAX PAYERS. We have received from Comptroller- General W. L. Goldsmith, a copy of his instructions to Tax Collectors. Our at tention is called to an act amending the Revenue laws which provides that “it shall not be lawful for any manager of an election, or other person, to receive any money for taxes on the day of elec tion, except the tax collector, and if any voter shall vote who has not paid his taxes, his vote shall be illegal, and the commissioners who consolidate their re turns of the election shall not count »ueh votes in making out the return.” The Comptroller calls special atten tion to this act in his instructions to Tax Collectors. In view of the issues involved in the forthcoming elections both State and Federal taxpayers should see to it that their votes are not lost on acconnt of non-payment of taxes.” THE REPEAL OF THE USURY LA4Y. The editor of the Athens Watchman is captious in his reply to our remarks in opposition to liis article advocating the re-enactment of the usury law. He states that his facts stand as strong as adamant, and cannot be upset by our ad caplandurn denials or lame attempts at wit. His facts are that it is difficult to get a note renewed in bank, because 25 per cent, on money could be obtained elsewhere; that before the repeal of the usury law Georgia Railroad stock was above par and much sought after, while now it brings only 82 to 83; that since the repeal of the usury law money brings 25 per cent.; that parties who own va cant lots do not build because money at interest pays better; that manufacturing enterpises are at a stand; still because capitalists can get twenty-five per cent, by loaning their money ; and that this is true of industrial enterprises gener ally—all of which the editor of the Watchman says will be crippled as long as there is no limit on the rate of interest. These are the facts which we have, ac cording to our Athenian brother, at tempted to upset by ad captundurn denials and lame attempts at wit. We stated in a previous article that the re peal of the usury law had no effect what ever in increasing the rate of interest, or in depreciating the price of Georgia Railroad stock. Any intelligent man whrf reads our paper will admit the truth of our statements. The terrible panic of last year created such a stringency in the money market that nearly all stocks, especially railroad, shrunk in value. This strin gency still continues, and as a con sequence there is but very little money seeking investment in home securities. The Georgia Railroad stock is largely held by planters. At the commence ment of the present planting season our merchants and factors were compelled to curtail their business by doing away as far as possible with the credit system. The banks had escaped with difficulty and they declined to take the same risks in discounting paper that they did for years previous. Owing to this con dition of affairs Georgia Railroad stock was forced on the market by planters and merchants, and hence the de cline, which, under the circumstances, is natural. In 18(57, ’6B, ’69 and ’7O, when the usury law was in force, Geor gia Railroad stock was on an average much lower than to-day, selling as low as 75, and we think that it touched 05 cents on the dollar in 1860. There is no money seeking investment now in railroad stocks because the people re quire all the ready money that they can obtain to carry on their planting and other interests. Should our farmers be fortunate in making good crops and in obtaining fair prices, we look for our favorite home securities to advance in prioe. Not otherwise. With all due respect, therefore, for the facts of the Watchman, we must insist that the repeal of tho usury law had nothing to do with the depreciation of Georgia Railroad stock. It is a fact that good paper is readily discounted in this city for thirty, sixty, and we believe ninety days, at the rate of 13 per cent., which is lower if anything than when the usury law was in operation in this State. In the last two years (since the repeal of the usury law, which has prevented people from building houses on vacant lots in Athens) there have been more substantial buildings erected in Augusta than during any two years in its history. In the way of manufacturing the Au gusta Factory has made arrangements to increase the capacity of its mill about one-tliird, by erecting anew building and putting in new machinery. Messrs. Russell A Simmons have erected a cot ton factory for the manufacture of rope and yarns, and Messrs. J. Monaoh & Cos. have a similar mill in operation. The repeal of the usury law has notope rated against our manufacturing inter ests, as the enterprises enumerated have been inaugurated and completed withiu the last two years—one within the last four months. There are other parts of the Watch man's article to which we might refer, but we think we have established that the usury law cannot be made the scape goat for the high rate of interest and the depreciation of Georgia Railroad stock. We sympathize with our brother, though we do not admit the plea, and we regret to learn the repeal of the usury law has prevented the owners of vacant lots in Athens from erecting buildings thereon. This is a great calamity to the people of Georgia, and, forsooth, the usury law must be re-enacted ! The editor of the JFiaft’Aman thinks that the people are not willing to sub scribe to the doctrine that the masses are mere beasts of burden, while the favored few are born booted and spurred, ready to mount and ride them. The people would be very foolish if they did. We have a better opinion of the intelli gence and courage of our fellow-citizens and so has the editor of the Watchman, but the booted aud spurred is capital. The editor of the Watchman asserts it is neither right nor just to tax labor and exempt capital. All will admit this. Are not the capitalists of Georgia taxed ? Is there any discrimination in their favor as against the poor ? If there be, and we most emphatically deny that there is any unjust discrimination, the people of Georgia who control the legis lation of the State are responsible. After referring to the favored few— the booted and spurred riding the masses—taxing labor and exempting capital, invoking the authority of the Bible, which consigns usurers to ever lasting punishment with murderers, drunkards, liars, etc.—after calling on the toiling masses to repeal the meanest of all “class legislation,” which exempts capital and overtaxes labor, the editor of the Watchman innocently says : “Now let no one say we are trying to array labor against capital—for it is not true.” We confess to a sense of disappoint ment and surprise that the editor of any paper in the State should take the posi tion set forth in the Watchman. Views like these, however honestly enter tained, are calculated to create dissatis faction and division at home, and to do the State injury abroad. The true policy to adopt, and the only one to adhere to, is to invite capi tal to come within our State and to give every encouragement and protection to its owners in developing car agriculture, manufacturing and mineral resources. We must adopt a liberal, a just and pro gressive policy if we desire people of means to make Georgia their home. In this way the State can be built up, money made plentiful, and consequently cheap, and taxes low. RAILROAD TEMPERANCE. We have before us from the Baltimore American an article on the subject of “Railroad Temperance,” which strikes us so favorably that we have decided to give it prominent notice, as it will be sure to interest all classes of our readers. Railroad officials and employees cannot be too particular in enforcing and ob serving temperance at all times, espe cially while on duty. Abstinence from intoxicating liquors on the part of men who have charge of trains and ships would prevent many a horrible accident on land and sea, and save many a valuable life. Corpora tions cannot be too particular in exact ing temperance on the part of their em ployees. Habitual drinkers are danger ous men to have employed in the ca pacity of engineers and conductors on railroads, especially so if they drink while on duty. We know of our own knowledge engineers and conductors on roads running out of this city who never drink on their trains. These men are invaluable and the example they set is worthy of all praise. The accidents that occur to steam boats, steamships and sailing vessels can frequently be traced to drunkenness on the part of officers. The Presidents and Directors of railroads, and the owners of vessels carrying passengers and immigrants, will not be held guilt less for the act of a drunken officer, whose criminal neglect of duty sends hundreds to horrible deaths and premature graves. If the offi cials of railroads and the owners of vessels paid more attention to the capacities and habits of the men into whose keeping are entrusted human life, the mortuary record would not show such a fearful death rate. Col lisions and explosions and shipwrecks, and their ghastly denouements and their horrible details would cease to ter rify the mind and agonize the heart. Human life is too precious to be en trusted in the keeping of men who are not strictly temperate and competent. The article which has called forth our remarks is the following from the American: Perhaps the strongest argument in fa vor of total abstinence from intoxicating liquors is the effort that is constantly being made by railroad companies and large manufacturers to induce the men in their employ to practice it. The shrewd, practical men who manage our great lines of transportation are neither enthusiasts nor “reformers,” and when they lay down prohibitory liquor law for their employees theyarenot'governedby sentimental or moral considerations. The General Superintendent of a rail road cares very little whether the wine drunk at the marriage feast in Cana was the unfermented juice of the grape ox something more exhilarating, but ex perience has taught him that the en gineers and conductors and switchteud ers and dispatchers of trains who drink wine and whisky and lager beer, mode rately or otherwise, cannot be depended on, and he therefore issues orders di recting all the men under his control to refrain from the use of intoxicating beverages, and makes tho penalty for the violation of this rule instant dis charge from the service of the company. The genteel moderate drinkers who think that an occasional glass of whisky does a man a great deal of good, and who always carry a fair supply with them when they travel by rail, would feel very nervous if they supposed that the conductor of the train held the same views as themselves, and carried them into practice. If they imagined that the engineer had a flask in his tool chest from which he took occasional draughts to keep up his spirits and fortify him self for his work, they would get off at the first station and wait until a train run by total-abstinence men should come along. There are few persons who do not know that the men who run the trains are prohibited from drinking, either moderately or immoderately, and the knowledge of this fact gives an in creased sense of comfort and safety to the traveling public. The Buffalo Express gives an account of a temperance society organized in that city last Winter, when the crusade excitement was at its height, the mem bership of which is composed entirely of the employees of the Erie Railway. The Division Superintendent and a number of officers of lesser rank are active members, and over three hundred of the engineers, conductors, brakemen, machinists and laborers. Regular meet ings are held in one of the halls of the city, which are open to the public, and the exercises are of a most instructive and interesting character, and afford both profit and amusement to those who attend. The officers of the railway bear testi mony to the beneficial effect of this com mon sense temperance society in the working of the road. There is, owing to the increased care and more prompt attention to business displayed by the men, greater precision in carrying out the complicated system of operations. The numberless little annoying occur rences and accidents resulting from want of proper caution and attention which the public do not hear of and know nothing about, but which railroad offi cials are painfully cognizant of, are now very rare on the Buffalo division of the Erie Road. The effect upon the men themselves is no less marked and gratifying. The ■morale of the entire force has been im mensely elevated by the leaven that has been so skilfully and properly introduced. Sobriety and industry are now marked cliaracterictics of it, and from this na turally flows all these better qualities of heart and mind that go to make up in telligeut and worthy employees and citi zens. The association has been the means of producing all the good results among its members that its most ardent friends ever anticipated would come from it. These facts suggest a direction that may very probably be given to temper ance efforts among classes and in other places. This society is eminently prac tical in all its operations. It does not seek to draw its members into the arena of political strife, nor to reform them by the seductions of gorgeous paraphermalia and elaborate ritual. It simply combines their business with their moral interests and proves to them by their own experience that both will be promoted by a total ab stinence from intoxicating beverages. By confining its membership to the em ployees of a particular road it concen trates its influence upon them, while by allowing the public to attend and par ticipate in its meetings it secures all the outside encouragement and assis tance that it can make either pleasant or profitable. There is common sense in its organization and management, and the example which its founders have set might be followed with advantage, not only by other railway officials, "bat by all who have large numbers of men un der their control. An exchange calls attention to the fact not generally known that the value of the leather product of the United States is greater than the value of the iron product. The following statement will be of interest: During the year 1870 there were in the United States 4,237 tanneries and 3,082 currying establish ments, employing 30,811 men, and using 255,350 cords of bark. A capital of $55,024,290 was invested in the business and the aggregate sum of 812,088,430 was paid as wages to workmen. The value of the product exceeded 8286 - 000,000, while the value of the iron bu siness was less than 8100,000,000, of the cotton manufacturers less than 8178,000 - 000. To a greater extent than most other articles, leather, when worn out is an absolute loss, as it then cannot be utilized to any great extent. Iron and most of other articles above mentioned when worn out, are utilized and perform important functions in the economy of uses. AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, AUGUST 12, 1874. THE CIVIL RM4HTS BILL. The Radical party advocates the pas sage of the supplementary Civil Rights bill. Having emancipated and enfranchis ed the negroes of the South, having made them politically equal by placing the ballot in their hands, the work of fanaticism still goes on. All the bar riers of nature must give way, and the negroes must be placed on the same social plane occupied by the whites. There must be no distinction of race or color in our schools and colleges, in our hotels and places of amusement, in our churches and our public conveyances. It will not satisfy the fell spirit of party hate and fanatical zeal to secure for the negroes, separate and apart from the whites, all the advantages and facilities enjoyed by them. The negroes have their own schools and colleges and churches; they have their own board ing houses, and there is no objec tion to their having hotels; they have apartments provided in our places of amusement, and on our railroads and steamboats. But this is not enough to satisfy the Sum neks and Habpebs, the Gabbisons and the Wilsons, the Bbowns and the PmLLipses, the Love joys and the Sewabds— spirits of the past and present—who will sacrifice every interest and principle and trample upon every sacred right, and outrage every cherished feeling of the people of the South rather than abandon the fanaticism that has already deluged this land with blood Not satisfied with the slaughtered hecatombs of the South and the North—the result of New England abolitionists—these howling fanatics still agitate and press forward for recog nition an obnoxious and impracticable theory—the solution of which, if at tempted to be carried into effect, must inevitably alienate the races and be the frequent cause of riot and bloodshed. No friend of the colored race in the South or in the North, who understands the actual condition of affairs here, can consistently advocate the passage of the supplementary Civil Rights bill. The effect of such a law will be ruinous to tho peace of society, and disastrous to the material interests of the South. Instead of advancing it will retard the political, pecuniary, social and educa tional interests of the colored race in the South. The question of party su premacy will become subordinate and the question of race will predominate the political issues in every Southern State. The pernicious advocacy of this Social Rights bill has already drawn the line of demarkation in our sister States. It is no longer a question of party in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Ala bama and South Carolina. It is a question of race. The lines are drawn and the canvass will have to be con ducted in every Southern State for the purpose of securing white supremacy at home as well as for the purpose of send ing representatives to Congress who will defeat the passage of the Social Rights bill. In such a contest no white Re publican, who has committed himself in favor of this obnoxious and destructive bill, can hope to obtain the support of any white man who retains the least self respectj*f*Wio earnestly seeks the wel fare of the Aolored race. Hopper's Weekly advocates and in sists upon the passage of this bill as necessary to secure the rights guaran teed to the colored race by the results of the war, and the amendments to the Constitution. It insists that the pre judice in the South against tho inferior race must be overcome by Federal legis lation ; that the negro will not be eqnal before the law until he is legislated into schools and colleges, hotels and railroad cars. It characterizes the natural feel ing of opposition to the social equality which this bill contemplates as a pre judice—a theory and an evil, which will be only temporary in its nature. It ar rives at this conclusion from the idea that there was equally violent opposi tion to enlisting negroes in the Federal army ; that there was bitter opposition to placing the ballot in their hands after the war, but that both the opposition and prejudice to these measures sub sided so soon as they became accom plished and legal facts. The Social Rights bill, it argues, is but the consum mation of the manumission and en franchisement of the negro race. Had not the question been raised in Con gress, suggests this so-called journal of civilization, its decision might wait upon the general ground that the ne cessity of legislation had not arisen; but since it has been raised, some kind of action on the part of the Republican party is necessary, and concludes Har per's Weekly: “That action which maintains the constitutional and con ceded rights of the citizen, will with draw the negro as such, from politics, and will leave prejudice only its own folly to feed upon.” This italicised quotation embodies the great issue of that portion of the Re publican party to whom Chables Sum nek committed his Civil Rights bill. It is stripped of all ambiguity, that the negroes must have the same rights as the whites in our schools and colleges, in our places of amusement and accomo dation, in our places of worship and of transportation; that they must have the right to sit by the side of whites, and that all distinctions and barriers on account of race and color must be broken down. This is the mission of the Republican party. This is the dying injunction of Sumnek, and the living shibboleth of his followers, who are strong in numbers and earnest in the advocacy of their suicidal measure. Fanaticism is blind. Never was a measure so fraught with disastrous con sequences to the peace and propsperity of a country. It will embitter the race feeling, engender strife and provoke con flict. It will destroy our educational in terests and deprive the negro of the ad vantages which he now enjoys in the separate systems of education in this and other Southern States. The white people of the South submitted to the emancipation of the negroes; they sub mitted to their enfranchisement and ac cepted and abided by the results of the war. They have acted in good faith under the most trying ordeals. The supremacy of the Governdieut is complete. All the results of the war are secured, and all its consequences are accepted. This social equality bill of Mr. Sumneb is not a legitimate consequence of the enfran chisement of the colored race. The people of the South do not so regard it. It is not demanded by the new citizen for his protection, because its effect will be to deprive himself and his children of privileges and facilities, not rights, without which he will retrograde in the scale of civilization and return to that primitive and debased condition from which he originated. Every principle, every policyjof humanity and patriotism, demand that this Social Rights bill do not pass. No friends of the negro race, who un derstand the feeling in the South, can advocate or wish the passage of a meas ure so certain to resnlt disastrously to the blacks. In sympathy with this view we present the following letter written to the editor of Harper’s Weekly by a Republican, of Georgia, whose name is not given : I am not aware that history records the fact of two races living together happily and prosperously, upon terms of perfect equality, for any very long time If the Supplementary Civil Rights bill become a law, the public common school system of Georgia, as well as most of the Southern States, will be abandoned, in my opinion. It is im material what the sentiment of opposi tion may be called, whether prejudice, fanaticism, aristocracy, or whatever ; it exists, and it can not be overcome during the present generation. The op position is stronger among the poor whites, and that class embraces most of the Republicans, than among the rich, who can educate their own children. No law so odious as this can be enforced among a people so hostile to it. Mas sachusetts was perhaps more law-abid ing than the Southern States, and the Fugitive Slave Law could not be enforced there without producing riots and blood shed. My judgment is that there is but little to be gained by the colored man by the passage of the law, and he will lose infinitely by it. No man can be sustained in the Southern States who approves it, except by the colored voters, and the strong tendency of such a state of things must be to "produce a party based exclusively on race—a result greatly to be deplored by both, but more especially by the colored iian. I think that the bill will defeat one if not two of the Republican members of Con gress from this State this Fall. The whites can’t approve it, and the blacks can’t succeed without whites to lead, and if some can be found to lead, they will lead colored men only. The editor refers to the writer of the foregoing as an “eminent Republican” and a “very sagacious native of the re gion from which he writes.” The letter was not written for publication, but to state privately the convictions of the writer. Similar views are entertained by every Republican in Georgia who favors the cultivation of friendly rela tions between the races, and who wishes the State to prosper, and both races to dwell together in peace. Even Bkown low, of Tennessee, opposes this bill.— No Representative in Congress from the South who has either sense or self-re spect can advocate it. Certainly no white Republican, actuated by an honest desire to do the greatest good (by avoiding the greatest evil) to the colored race, can give it his support. We have some faith in the conserva tism of moderate Republicans North. We do not believe that they wish to pass a law which will work] evil to the best interests of the entire South. They cannot be so vindictive as to continue to enact punitive laws against the South ern people. The feeling of hostility to social equality—for the Civil Rights bill is practically but this—is so deep rooted in the Southern heart that no legislation of the Federal Government can ever reconcile our people to its un natural and repulsive features. THE STATE TAX. Pursuant to section one of the tax act passed by the General Assembly which authorizes the Governor, with the assist ance of the Comptroller General, to assess and levy such a per centage on the taxable property as will produce the sum of one million dollars, exclusive of specific taxes, provided such a per cent, so levied and assessed, shall not exceed four-tenths of one per cent.; it is order ed that four-tenths of one per cent, be assessed and collected upon the amount of the value of taxable property return ed by or assessed against such tax payer, and upon the value of all property in the State subject to taxation ad valorem. It is further ordered that one-tenth of one per cent, be assessed and collected as aforesaid, to meet the first installment and interest of the bonds known as the Nutting bonds. The act under which these bonds were issued provides that a specific tax shall be assessed and collected to meet the in terest and principal as they fall due. This is of course exclusive of the State tax which is four-tenths of one per cent, as authorized by the Legislature. GOV. SMITH MISREPRESENTED. A correspondent of the Cincinnati Commercial represented Governor Smith as being in favor of President Gbant for a third term, if he would deal justly with our people and be as much the President; of the South as of the North. We expressed surprise at the time at the remarks attributed to his Excellency, and took occasion to say that such views were not entertained by any considerable portion of the people of Georgia. Governor Smith has au thorized the editor of the Atlanta Con stitution to state that he was misrepre sented by the correspondent of the Cincinnati Commercial, and that he never expressed, nor does he entertain views favorable to the re-election of President Gbant for a third term. - In oar Sunday’s paper we published from the Atlanta News an authoritative denial on the part of Gov. Smith of Mr. Kimball’s innocence. The latter endeavored to make it plain that Gov. Smith held him legally and morally in nocent ; but it now appears that he (Kimball) misunderstood the Governor and was too favorably impressed by his cordial manner to represent what he did say correctly. Gov. Smith express ed no opinion as to Mr. Kimball’s innocence. He was not called upon to do so. The fact is that he has decided convictions on this point, and what they are may be inferred from his authorizing the editor of the News to say that he did not express any opinion to the great railroad developer and bond manipula tor as to his innocence. The truth is that there are very few men outside of Atlanta (and those who were engaged with him in business as well as others who were the recipients of his bounty), who do not believe him guilty. In authorizing the papers of Atlanta to correct mis-statements as to acts and opinions calculated to influence public feeling in the State, we do not hesitate to say that Governor Smith has done wisely. We do not believe that a Gov ernor of a State should be drawn into newspaper controversy by trivial affairs. But when matters affecting the whole people are discussed, and when the opinions of the Governor are misrepre sented, and when silence might be con strued into acquiesence, it is not only becoming the dignity of the office, but it is the imperative duty of the Governor to set himself right before the people of the State. MAJOR GUMMING—THE AUCtUSTA AND HARTWELL RAILROAD. To the Editors oj the Chronicle and Sentinel : From expressions made by some of our up-country friends we learn that friendship to the Augusta and Hartwell Railroad enterprise is the test applied to the candidates for Congress from this District. The idea having gone out that our gallant, chivalrous and ever courte ons Cumming was not friendly to that road, we desire to state that we know this to be erroneous; and that we furth er know that he is a warm friend of the enterprise, and at the right time and oc casion he will make this manifest. We assure our Columbia, Lincoln, Elbert and Hart friends that they can have no better advocate upon the floors of Con gress and before the people of Augusta and Richmond county, whenever the projectors of this much needed railroad properly present their wishes. In these days of low buffoonery, Cred it Mobilier schemes and general pecula tion in high places, we need a dignified, high-toned, strong-sensed gentleman to represent us at Washington. That Major Cumming fills this bill all who know him will testify. He will take a high rank at once and will become the Chevalier Bayard of the House. Columbia. Irwin county has 4,710 acres in com and 1,254 in cotton. [From the Atlanta News.] H. I. KIMBALL’S INNOCENCE. An Authoritative Statement from Governor Smith. We are authorized by Governor Smith to say that H. I. Kimball’s statement of the interview he had with the Governor last Winter is incorrect. The subject of Kimball’s moral guilt was not alluded to during the interview. No opinion was expressed by the Governor in reference to Kimball’s guilt under the laws of the State. Kimball did not intimate that he desired the Governor’s opinion upon these subjects, and, consequently, the latter gave no opinion whatever. The fact that there was no criminal prosecu tion pending in the Courts against Kim ball was referred to. This fact, the Governor supposed, was as well known to Kimball as to himself. What was said in the conversation grew out of this fact: Kimball preteuded that he had re mained away from Georgia so long be cause he was apprehensive of danger from party excitement. The Governor knew, and stated to Kimball that there was no ground for such apprehension. In immediate connection with this, the fact that there was no criminal prosecu tion against Kimball was referred to. The fact that the investigations of Judge Stephens had not resulted in finding evidence to support criminal proceedings against Kimball rendered it impossible that the latter had staid away to avoid a trial. There could have been no trial with out an indictment. Kimball must have known this, and it was not probable that he was ignorant either as to the abilities of Judge Stephens, or the efforts he had made to ferret out the truth. It was these considerations which led the Governor to allude to Judge Stephens, and to the fact that the latter had found no evidence to sus tain a criminal prosecution against Kimball. The Governor was not pre pared to say, or intimate, that Kimball was innocent of what had been alleged against him. He has never been offi cially called on to decide any question with reference to Kimball’s guilt or in nocence. He has never relieved Kim ball from any charge against him, nor intimated the opinion that he ought to to be relieved. He would have no power to relieve Kimball ex cept by the exercise of Executive clemency. No application for this has been made. The Governor has quite a decided opinion upon the question of Kimball’s guilt or innocence, drawn from evidence on file in the office of the Executive Department. That opinion was not expressed to Mr. Kimball be cause it was not asked for by liim. The Governor does not see how the public interest would be subserved by his now expressing that opinion in advance of any official reason therefor. The same evidence upon which the Bond Commit tee made their report against Kimball, and upon which the Governor’s own opinion is predicated, and upon which he supposes the late publications in the News were based, is still of file in the office of the Executive Department, and open to public inspection. COTTON CROP OF GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. Report of tire Savannah Cotton Ex change. We have received from the officers of the Savannah Cotton Exchange a printed copy of the report of the Committee on Information and Statistics, which we present below, ana which will be read with general interest: Savannah, August 1, 1874. To the Officers and Members of the Sa vannah Cotton Exchange: Gentlemen— We have been requested by the Secretary of tho National Cotton Exchange to publish our own report for July, as a failure on the part of some of the Exchanges to send in their report prevents the publication of a consoli dated one from the Central Exchange. With this explanation we give below the result of our labors : The report does not include twenty eight counties tributary to Augusta, as the Augusta Exchange has taken these counties in its charge. GEOKGIA. [IG2 replies from G 5 counties.l First Question —What has been the character of the weather since June 15th? Answer— Generally too wet. Second Question —Has the weather been more or less favorable, up to this period, than during the same time last year? Answer—More favorable in May for clearing cotton of grass. Less favora ble since. Third Question—Have any lands planted in cotton in your section been abandoned. If so, how much, and from what cause ? Answer—Very little. What were abandoned were low lands on account of rain. Fourth Question —What proportion of the crop in your section were planted early ? Answer —In south and middle Geor gia one-half to two-tliirds, the stands of which being mostly imperfect had to be “ filled in,” or replanted with the hoe. In the more northern countries, where planting is usually late, delay was occa sioned by bad weather; therefore, in these districts, there is very little of what is termed early planting. Fifth Question —How are the stands of cotton in your section, and how do they compare with same last year ? Give separate answers for early planting and late planting. Answer —With but few exceptions, all concur that of the early planting the stands are poor, and the reverse for the late planting. Average about the same as last year. Sixth Question—ls the cotton well formed and boiled ? Answer—(Early planting) yes, in southern and middle Georgia. Answer —(Late planting) does not promise well; plant too tall and long jointed. The crop in tho more northern counties is not sufficiently forward to give an opinion on this point, except that the weather is stimulating the growth of the plant at the expense of the fruit. Seventh Question—Do the laborers continue to work well ? Answer —Asa rule they do. Eighth Question —What is the present condition of the cotton crop in your sec tion, and how does it compare with same time last year ? Answer separately for early and late planting. Answer—The fields being free from grass is regarded as an advantage, but considering the bad stands and small size of the early and backwardness in fruiting of the late planting, the condi tion is not equal to last season. The almost unanimous conclusion is that it will require a late Fall to develop an average crop for the late planting. Ninth Question —State any favorable or unfavorable circumstances relative to the growth or condition of the cotton crop in your section not covered by the above questions. Answer —The caterpillar in South western Georgia has appeared in a num ber of counties. The fly, its producer, is generally noted as having appeared. The “filling in,” or replanting of the early planting prevents judicious work ing in the same row, there being early and late planting together, the rains producing a rapid growth makes the plant liable to injury from either ex tremes of weather. Tenth Question —State the increase or decrease of fertilizers in your county as compared with last year. Answer —In North Georgia decrease fully 50 per cent., and 75 per cent, in Middle and Southwest Georgia. FLORIDA. (Thirty-one replies from fifteen counties.) Question 1. Answer—With very little exception too much rain. Question 2. Answer—Almost a3 fa vorable as last. Question 3. Answer—Very little. Questic n 4. A.nswer—Varying from j to |, average about f. Ouestion 5. Answer—Generally com pare well with last year, but late is best. Question 6. Answer—Yes. Growing too fast and not bearing well. Question 7. Answer —Yes. Qnestion 8. Answer—Good, and com pares favorably with last year. The early promisesjbest. Question 9. Answer—Appearance of caterpillar in some sections, and some apprehension that they will damage the crop if weather continues favorable for them. Question 10. Answer—Very little ever used in the State, more compost than last year. Your obedient servants, J. H. Johnston, i J. G. Low, Committe on T. H. Austin, ) Information E. C. Andebson, Jr,, / and Statistics. E. J. Moses. ) THK ARTIFICIAL DEPRESSION IN THE PRICE OF COTTON. [From the New York Evening Post.] On Saturday last we gave our views at length in relation to the prospective amount of the new cotton crop and the artificial depression which now charac terizes; the price of that commodity. We have just received an article, cut from the columns of the Liverpool Albion, of the 13th of July, 1874, in relation to the same subject. Its contents incidentally confirm our opinion, although the im portance of the subject would require ns to reprint it, even if its facts were of a contrary tenor. It is as follows: AMEKICAN COTTON. “To the Editor of the Liverpool Albion: “Sib —As the following figures may be of some interest to the cotton trade, per haps you will be good enough to find space for them in your columns, viz: Stock on 9th instant bales 483 130 Import from 11th of July to 31st December, 1874 543.242 Deduct less quantity at sea this year 60,000 Deduct further probable re duced imports from 1873- ’74 crop compared with last year 20,000 Deduct for growing crop two weeks late .50,000 Probable visible supply to 31st December. 1874 896,392 Average weekly deliveries to the trade from this dale to 31st De cember, 30,720. at 25 weeks... .918,000 Averago weekly export to 31st December, 2,000, at 25 weeks.. 50,000 Visible deficiency on 31st December, ’74. 71,608 “ I may observe that most of the fig ures are taken from the Cotton Brokers’ Association circular, while the others are, perhaps, rather under-estimating than otherwise, aud with this position of affairs I consider that holders have no cause for further sacrificing their in terests, even if they calculate on the growing crop turning out four millions of bales, which I think an extreme esti mate. I am, &c., Reason. “ Livebpool, July 11, 1874.” There are two important points sug gested by this letter on the condition of the market for American cotton in Great Britain. First. The writer assumes—although with an expressed doubt as to the cor rectness of the assumption—that the new crop of cotton will amount to four millions of bales. In respect to this it is only necessary to repeat what we said on Saturday, that the area of land planted this year with cotton is ten per centum less than last year, and that few or no fertilizers have beeu used this year, so that, under the most favorable conditions as to the weather and the natural enemies of the cotton plant, it does not appear to be possible that the new crop can amount to more than three and a half millions of bales. The incor rectness of the assumption increases the strength of the writer’s argument against a further decline in the prices of cot ton, aud brings his calculations into still closer agreement with our own. Second. It ought to be the cause of general regret that it is in the power of a handful of speculative gentlemen, who buy what they do not want and sell what they have not got, to lower by fac titious means the price of the great ag ricultural staple of the Southern States, and to depress trade in the principal market of the world. It is true that these artificial combinations must give way when the precise amount of the new crop is generally known, because trade, like water, ultimately and invaria bly finds its level; but in the meantime the approaching Autumn trade in all commodities which find a market in the Southern States is seriously threatened by this forced aud unreasonable, but partly successful, effort to lower the price of cotton. A month lost at the beginning of the general Autumn trade, added to the wide-spread depression under which all business has struggled during the Spring and Summer, cannot be regained, even if in October or No vember the price of cotton should ad vance to twenty-five cents a pound. As long, however, as betting on the price of cotton is regarded as an honorable occu pation, so long there is little use in pro testing, whether it be in the name of the planters of the Southern States or in the name of the merchants and trades people of our own community. HORRIBLE MURDER. Moffitsville, Andebson Cos., S. C., ) July 29, 1874. \ To the Editors of the Chronicle and Sentinel : Permit me, through your columns, to give an acconnt of the most horrible murder on record in our county. The victim is a young lady, Miss Katie Tucker, the daughter of one of our most highly esteemed citizens, J. P. T. The perpetrator of the deed is a young Ger man by the name of Gairizun, who has been in the employ of Mr. T. for some time past, and had become very much attached to his daughter. It seems, however, that his rival, Young Brooks Gailey, was better liked by the young lady than he (Gairizun). Mr. Gailey called to see her last Tuesday even ing. The trio were sitting in the parlor of Mr. T. when, between 8 and 9 o’clock, Gairizun arose and said he believed he would retire, at the same time took from a table a pistol belonging to Eldrige, the young lady’s brother. She asked him what he wanted with it. He said he had a use for it, and, as he finished the sen tence, he fired at her, the ball taking ef fect in the centre of the forehead, pro ducing a mortal wound. She survived the night, but died about daybreak on the next morning. The murderer dressed himself and made his escape, crossed the river at a bateau landing below Craft’s Perry, went to Ruckersville, and was arrested there about 3 o’clock in the afternoon of the following day by G. A. Craft, and taken back to Anderson jail to await his trial. He will be convicted of murder and sentenced, but our hon ored Governor will pardon or reprieve him if his politics are the same as the Governor’s. Yours, &c., C. P. S.—Corn crops are fine in |tliis county, and we look for a good yield. Cotton backward, but growing well. No rust nor caterpillar up to this time. C. Bankrupt Roll. During the week ending Saturday, the following voluntary petitions in bankruptcy were filed in the office of the Clerk of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Georgia : Wm. H. Broadwater, of Millwood, Ware county. Judge W. M. Sessions attorney. Daniel B. Plumb, of the firm of Plumb & Leitner, druggists, of Augus ta. Barnes & Cumming, of Augusta, solicitors. The following petitions for final dis charge have been regularly placed on file. Moody Burt, of Columbia county.— Frank H. Miller, of Augusta, solicitor. Willis Hobbs, of Butler, Taylor coun ty. M. B. Blanford, of Columbus, so licitor. Thomas J. Woolf oik, of Jones coun ty. Lanier and Anderson, of Macon, solicitors. Reuben Brown, of Macon county. J. A. Ansley, of Americus, solicitor. Thomas Andrews, of Halcyondale, Scriven county. W. W. Paine and J. Lawton Whatley, of Savannah, solici tors. Wm. H. Westbrook, of Sumter coun ty. W. A. Hawkins, of Americus, solici tor. Jacob M. Gay, of Ellaville, Schley county; Cook and Crisp, of Americus, solicitors. Thomas M. Speight, of Fort Gaines, Clay county; Arthur Hood, of Cuthbert, attorney. Final discharge in bankruptcy has been granted to Emil Kaufman, of Au gusta. Barnes and Camming, solici tors. Parties who had filed creditors’ peti tions in involuntary bankruptcy since Ist December, 1873, and previous to the 22d June, 18/4, in cases which have not been adjudicated, are amending their petitions in accordance with the amend atory act of Jane 22, 1874, and the or der of Judge Erskine, passed in cham bers at Atlanta, on July 21st last, and published in the Morning News of the 25th ult. By the terms of this order these amendments of petitions must be all made by the Ist of September, and answers filed by the 15th of the same month. —Savannah News, Augsut 3 d. In the Columbus Building and Loan Association, on the evening of the 3d in stant, SI,OOO were sold in series B—ssoo bringing 33 and 8500 at 33J. In the Me chanics, 8500 sold for 35 and 81.000 at 35J. Would you know the value of mo ney, try to borrow some. LETTER FROM ATLANTA. [special ookkespondence chboniole and SENTINEL. ] Atlanta, August 3, 1874. Democratic Congressional Nomination. To-day Fulton county nominated dele gates to the Democratic Congressional Convention of the Fifth District, and delegates to the Democratic State Sen atorial Convention for this district. The nomination was by ballot, and it is sup posed at the time of writing—with no one tocontradict the supposition—that a delegation favorable to the nomination of Col. Luther J. Glenn, of this city, was nominated. This delegation con sists of Messrs. «T. G. Kelley, W. A. Wil son, Anthony Murphy, W. F. Wright, James H. Lowe and John Stephens, some of them gentlemen of considerable influence. An effort was made—the friends of Hon. Mat Candler taking an active part—to elect an untrammelled delegation, but the friends of Col. Glenn thought that Fulton county owed him that mark of labored zeal ously to secure the ifttctiou of delegates favorable to his nomination. It is no tieablethat the names of several gentle man whose names appeared conspicu ously on the Kimball petition are among those constituting the defeated ticket, while Col. Glenn and several of his dele gates refused to sign that very doubtful document. Tho impression seems to prevail here that Col. John D. Stewart, of Griffin, is still tho most prominent and most accessible candidate for Con gress from this District, and there are not a few who publicly express the de sire that he may be nominated. To-day anew candidate appeared in the field, in the person of Dr. John G. Westmore land, a practicing physician of this place; but it is generally conceded that lie will not obtain any support, since it is understood that the Glenn delega tion has been nominated. The Senatorial Canvass Does not elicit a great deal of interest. According to the rule of “rotation in offiee,” Clayton county is entitled to the next Senator from this district ; but it is whispered that Major Geo. Hillyer and Captain Evan P. Howell (both of this city) will disregard this sanctified (?) custom of tho Democratic party, and ride rough shod into the Senatorial halls by the vote of Fulton and Cobb counties. Clayton county furnishes two candidates—Messrs. W. A. Tiguer and Wm. Waterson, practicing lawyers in that county. The Senatorial delegation elected to-day, so far as is known, is not pledged to the support of any particular candidate, and, it is to be hoped, a fair and harmonious nomination will be one of the consequencss. Col. Peterson Thweatt. This venerable old State official, the man who first raised the office of Comp troller-General to one of dignity and distinction, has issued a circular to the people of Georgia, submitting a bill of about SIO,OOO which he claims is due him for services during his term of office. The old gentleman won considerable distinction during his term of office, and he was greatly astonished when the last Legislature refused to re-elect him. He had, as he thought, good reason to believe that his reputation as an efficient and faithful officer would restore him to his old post, along with Jack Jones, Treasurer, aud Col, N. C. Barnett, Sec retary of State, formerly contempora neous officials with him. The wonder ful tact of Col. W. L. Goldsmith, how ever, defeated Col. Thweatt, and failing in his candidacy the latter now appeals to the State for compensation for services during his term of office. The State Convicts. The recent escape of a large detach ment of penitentiary convicts from Messrs. Riddle & Cos. occasions some severe criticism on the imperfect system of discipline to which they are subject ed since they have left the control of Grant, Alexander & Cos. The Governor himself, it is said, expresses his dissatis faction in emphatic terms. Atlanta Still Red Hot. Atlanta is still pretty hot on the Kim ball controversy. People are hourly de nouncing each other—one complaining because a citizen would dare compromise Atlanta and her interests by endorsing such a man as Kimball—another equal ly as indignant that he should not be permitted to use his own discretion in the matter. Among serious, reflecting men there is an impression here that Kimball is tho tool of tho fraudu lent bondholders, and that through his instrumentality they hope to bring about the ultimate recognition and pay ment of those spurious bonds which were issued by Bullock, at the instance of the great developer himself. It is be lieved that a powerful, persistent, per severiug effort will bo made at the next session of the Legislature to obtain the recognition of these bonds. There are about 88,000,000 worth, and it is be lieved by some that tho holders will spend two or three millions, if by such expenditure they have assurance that they can obtain the payment of these bonds. As long as there exists a possi ble chance to bribe the people or their representatives, the bondholders will not despair l Let the honest people of Georgia remember this in their elections for the Legislature this Fall, and elect men who are absolutely incorruptible ! Not Quite a Duel. Last Saturday two lawyers of this city, Mr. P. G. Gray and Mr. A. M. Thrasher, were arguing a casej before a Justice of the Peace, and through some misunderstanding an altercation ensued, during which Mr. Thrasher threw a mucilage bottle at Mr. Gray, striking him on the jaw bone, inflicting an ugly wound, and shattering the bottle into fragments. The parties were separated; Mr. Gray washed his face, resumed his speech and won his case. During the afternoon he sent a communication to Thrasher requesting him to meet him in Hamburg, South Carolina, to-day. Thrasher replied that though he had no conscientious scruples against dueling, he did not care to fight a duel with Mr. Gray, nor any one else. Mr. Gray, ac cording to custom, this morning posts Thrasher, through the public press, pro nouncing him a coward, &e. Mr. Gray is a very young lawyer—probably not over twenty years of ago—was a student at the State University a year or two ago, and is said to be a man of unques tionable pluck. He has been involved in an “affair of honor” once before. It was rumored on the streets yester day that Col. Alston had killed Capt. Abrams, but the friends of each are gratified to discover that they are still breathing to-day. Halifax. The Baby's Death.— There came a morning at last when the baby’s eyes did not open. Dr. Erskine felt the heart throb faintly under his fingers, but he knew it was beating its last. He trem bled for Elizabeth, and dared not tell her. She anticipated him. “Doctor,” sho said—and her voice was so passion less that it might almost have belonged to a disembodied spirit—“l know that my darling is dying.” He bowed his head mutely. Her very calmness awed him. “Is there anything you can do to ease her?’, “Nothing. Ido not think she suffers.” “Then will you please to go away. She is mine—nobody’s but mine—in her life and in her death, and I want her quite to myself at the last.” Sorrowfully enough, he left her. Eliza beth held her child closely, but gently. She thought in that hour that she had never loved anything else, and never in this world should love anything again. She wanted to cry, but her eyes were dry and burning, and not a tear fell on the little upturned face, changing so fast to marble. She bent over and whispered something in the baby’s ear— a wild passionate prayer that it would remember her and know her again in the infinite space. A look seemed to answer her—a radiant, loving look, which she thought must be born of the near Heaven. Shejpressed her lips in a last despairing agony of love to the little face, from which already, as she kissed it, the soul had fled. Her white wonder had gone home. This which lay upon her hungry heart was stone.— Some Women's Hearts. Hon. B. H. Hill. —A dispatch in the Herald yesterday, from Athens, says : Ben Hill beat Garnett McMillan in the county convention held to select Con gressional delegates to-day by a vote of one hundred and eighty-three to fifty eight. Four Hill delegates from this county will be sent to the Congression al nominating convention at Cleveland. Jackson county sent a full Ben Hill dele gation. Mr. B. T. Hunter, of Athens, has been elected by the Board of Trustees, Rector of the Talmadgo school, at Mid way. NUMBER 32. “MOBE OK LESS." [From tho McDuffio Journal.] Tlie Supreme Court of Georgia having, at the last term, decided, in the case of W. T. it S. D. Walton vs. Phocion Ram sey, carried up from Columbia Superior Court, what the words “ more or less ” mean, we give in our issue of this week the decision in full. We do not knowof any decision which has been rendered by tho hupremo Court of more importance to persons selling and buying lands. Under the state of facts presented in the record be fore them, the Judges of the Supremo Court held that a mere deficiency in the number of acres is not a ground of com plaint; that so long as there was no fraud in the sale—so long as tho deficiency was the result of mere mistake—tho words “more or loss” precluded tho sell er from liability. It is true the Code says the buyer shall have relief where tho deficiency is ho gross as to justify suspicion of willful de ceit, or of mistake amounting to fraud, and a plain man might gather from these words that mistake, where it worked tho same result to the buyer as a fraud, could bo matter of relief; yet it seems these words “amounting to fraud” mere ly mean proving fraud, or showing fraud. The following is tho decision : W. T. & S. 1). Walton vs. Plioeion Ram soy. Case, from Columbia. Waunkb, C. J. This was an action brought by the plaintiffs against the defendant to re cover damages for an alleged deficiency in the number of acres in a tract or set tlement of land sold by tho defendant to tho plaintiffs. On tho trial of the case, as it appears from the record, tho plain tiffs offered in evidence a deed from tho defendant to them by which ho bar gained, sold and conveyed to tho plain tiff’s, in consideration of tho sum of $12,000, all that tract or parcel of land situate and lying in Columbia county, in this Stnte, containing twelve hundred acres, more or less, adjoining lands of J. S. Walton, 11. L. Lamkin, A. Lamkin, and others, and warranted tho title thereto. The plaintffs claimed there was a deficiency of one hundred and fifty-six acres iu the tract or settlement of laud sold. On this statement of facts tho defendant demurred as to the light of the plaintiffs to recover. The Court sustained the demurrer and the plaintiffs excepted. There is no pre tense that there was any fraud practiced in the sale of the land, or that the pur chasers did not have an equal opportunity with the seller to know tho number of acres the tract or settlement contained within the described boundaries men tioned in tho deed. In the casoof Beall vs. Burkkalter (2Gtli Ga. Rep., 504), this Court hold and decided that unless where tho enumeration of/ the quantity of land sold is of the essence of the con tract, and not matter of description merely, tho covenant of warranty will not be broken by a deficiency in tho quantity of land conveyed. In deliver ing tho judgment iu that case, the Court said : “When tho words more or less are annexod to the quantity of land, it is against principle that the vendor should be responsible to assure any given number of acres, unless lie practiced a fraud upon the purchaser.” The Oodo declares that a sale of lands, if the pur chase is per acre, deficiency iu the num ber of acres may bo apportioned in tho price. If the sale is by the tract or ou tire body, a deficiency in tho quantity sold cannot bo apportioned. If tho quantity is specified as “more or less,” this qualification will cover any deficien cy not so gross as to justify the suspi cion of willful deception or mistake amounting to fraud, iu this event tho deficiency is apportionable; tho pur chaser may demand a recision of tho sale or an apportionment of tho price, according to relative valuo. New Code, 2(542. It is contended by the plaintiff in error that tho Oodo introduced a now element of fraud, which was not recog nized by the Court in Boidl vs. Burlc halter, to-wit: legal fraud. Wo do not think so. The principle recognized in that case and by the Code is, that when a tract or settlement of land is sold in a body as containing so many acres, “more or less,” and both parties have an equal opportunity to judge for themselves, and both act in good faith, a deficiency in the quantity sold cannot bo appor tioned. Tho deficiency in quantity might be so great as to justify the sus picion of actual fraud and willful decep tion, but that is not the case, and in our judgment it comes within the decision made in Beall vs. Burkhalter, and must be controlled by it. Tho principle re cognized by that case and the Code is, that if there is actual fraud and decep tion on the part of the vendor of tho land, or the deficiency in tho quantity of land is so gross as to be evidence ol it, then the deficiency may bo appor tioned, but not otherwise. Let tho judgment of the Court below bo affirmed. WONDERS OP THE TELEGRAPH. Pour Messages Kent Hlmnltaneously Over One Wire hi Opposite Directions. [From tho Now York Times.] Wednesday afternoon last, at tho Broadway office of the Western Union Telegraph Company, a test was made of an invention which promises to boos almost more importance to the present age than were Morse’s first achievements to the people of his own time. The test resulted successfully, and it proved that four messages can bo simultaneously sent on a single wire in opposite direc tions, and witli no more liability to mistake, than as if an equal number of wires were used. To make the matter clear it will be necessary to look a little backward. Morse took tho first stop in telegraphy—and the first is always tho greatest—by the invention of a system by which messages could be sent between any tw r o terminal points, and dropped at any way station on the circuit. The objection to this system was that tho transmission of a singlo message oc cupied a wire entirely. And though electiciaus were convinced that a diffe rent result could be attained, no one showed how it could be done until so rec ently sa three years ago, when Mr. J. B. Stearns invented the duplex apparatus. That was the second great step, and it in stantly doubled the capacity of every wiro which ever had been erected. By the Stearns process two messages can bo sent simultaneously on a singlo wire in opposite directions between any two terminal points. But this system, like the Morse, had its objections—the message could not be dropped at any way station except by tho use of a repeater. Nevertheless, tho invention was recognized as of immense practical importance throughout the world. Two days ago was taken a third great step, and one not inferior to either of tho others. It needs only to bo said of it, to recommend it to the least scientific, that in one instant it will quadruple tho usefulness of the 175,000 miles of wiro owned by the Western Union Telegraph Company. It is anew process of multiple transmission, by which two messages can bo sont simultaneously in the same direction over the same wire, and either message can be dropped at and way station on the circuit. Nor is this all. The old duplex system can be applied to the new invention, nnd by the combination four messages can bo sent simultaneously over the same wire in opposite directions between any two terminal points. And not the least recommendation of the discovery is, that it calls for no changes; tho old Morse key is used, without the need of any new class of operators (as in tho automatic telegraph), and with no duplication except as to parts of machinery. The invention is the result of the joint labors of Messrs. Geo. B. Prescott and Thomas A. Edison. And if not scientifically, at least parctically, a great deal of credit is also due to the enterprising policy of Mr. William Orton, the president of the company. Os course, it is needless to add that the new system will be speedily put into practice by the Western Union Company, by whom the patent is controlled. It will make itsclt felt in more ways than one. For instance, the Western Union Telegraph Company have been forced to erect 00,000 miles of wire during the last three years, and, of course, at an immense expense. An indefinite futuro like that could not be very satisfactory to stockholders. But this year scarcely 2,000 miles need be erected, and every wire is practically four. But without further enlargement, and almost in tho words of Mr. Orton, the discovery may be called the solution of all difficulties in the future of telegraphic science. Tho Spartanburg aud Ashville Rail road, in South Carolina, and the Green ville nnd Frcuoh Broad Railroad, in North Carolina, have bren consolidated, under the name of the Spartanburg and Asheville Railroad, with Colonel Mem minger as President.