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010 SERIES—VOL. IXIXII.
NEW SERIES—VOL XXXIX.
TERMS.
tav. daily canatnr.i.K a sentinel, th oldest
owa*P*r la l* POblUae? dally, *i
r ,.pt M Term* : Per year, *18; *ti month*,
(&; tbrwnootHD So.
THE TBI-WEEKLY CHRONICLE fc SENTINP.L !
PUSH, toil every Tueeday, Tuurwiaj arid Katnr-
Ter run: One year, *5; alx month*, *2 50.
THE WEEKLY CHRONICLE fe MENTIS EL 1* pule
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-thirdi of the rate* in the Daily; and In the
Weekly, one-half the Daily etea. Marriage and
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rate* trill be made for advertiacment* running
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SUBSCRIPTION!! In all eaaea In advance, and no
continued after the exptratlon of the time
paid for.
REMITTANCES ehoald he made by Fort Office
Mmtey Orders or Exptaa*. If thi* canaot be
done, nr .tertian against lease* by mail may be
aei ttred by forwarding a draft payablo to the
proprietor* of tb<> CnooncuA Mnrnmtt, or by
■ending the money In a regiatered letter.
ALL COMMIT NIC ATION fl annotracing candidate,
for vttce-frmn County Constable to Member of
Cougruaa—will be clisrged for at the rate of
twenty rents per line. All anmoneementa mnat
be paw for in advance.
Addreee WALSH A WBIOHT,
Chbouk-i.k A SesTiKXi., Angmta. fta.
Ctjtrom'cle anb jSfti#nf!.
JFEDSESDAY. BEFTBEBIS, 1875.
MINOR TOPICS.
Danbury ba the champion patient hoy. He
went to a neighbor'i) house for a cup of soar
milk. “I haven't anytlung but sweet milk,”
said the woman pettishly. “I'll wait till it
oare,” said the obliging youth, Kinking into a
chair.
Mr. Ileecher being introduced to a Quaker
gentleman at the White Mountains, said to
him: "I understand your belief deprives you
of some of the pleasures of this life." The
other replied: “It’shields us from some of its
temptations, also."
The Governor of Kentucky has discovered a
new use to which boy babies may be put, and
he has commemorated his discovery by appoint
ing and commissioning a hoy aged six months
as uid-de-camp to the Governor, with the rank,
title and emoluments of a Colonel.
Monoy is so plentiful iu Massachusetts that
one savings bank at Northampton recently re
fused to accept deposits on account, and a
Springfield bank has had to send money away
for investment. Despite tho hard times the
savings deposits are increasing, though the
deposits aro smaller <in amount than usual,
evidence that people are becoming impressed
with tho necessity of economizing rigidly.
There is trouble between two editors of Cam
den, New Jersey—Mr. John H. Fort and Mr.
Sinnickson Chew. The other day Fort was
looking for Chew and honing for his blood, and
it all may end with another case of “editor
with a bullet in his brain." If there is any
such thing as a police force iu Camden, now is
the time for it to step in and hold the Fort.
During tho presont scarcity of New Jersey
talent, the loss of an editor or two would be
felt.
It will doubtloss prove a real comfort to
thrifty housewives to know that the technical
mmo of “hanks" applied to skeins of of worst
ed yam or other thread; is supposed was de
rived from one Hankemus de Brabant, a Flem
ish weaver, dyer, or fuller, who settled in York,
F.ugland, in 1731. “Hank" as a term for yam
sounds much better than when economically
applied as an abbreviation for the name of the
household's hope, Ifeury Augustus.
An old darkey approached a vender of fruit
and askod: “How much do you ax for dem
watermilions, mister ?" “One for two bits—
two for four bits —throe for six shillings—or a
fine, largo slice for a tlirip or picayuuo!” rat
tlod off the sidewalk merchaut. “I'how! nap*
ter, you must think I’m de man what bust®
de Freedman's bank, don't ye ?" anil lie walkod
sway without buying any of tho tempting
fruit. — Atlanta (Ga.) Constitution.
The combiueil height of throe men who
wero at a Cooperstown, New York, hotel re
cently, was ninetooii feet and three inches.
It is the pride*of these elongated
gentlemen alone that keeps them from getting
spliced and going off with the circus as “the
great American combination giant, fellow-citi
zens, with three mouths, six oyes and a cavern
ous voice that the repeats Star Spauglod Banner
iu throe placos at one and the same time; all
for tho insignificant Bum of t-w-e-n-tee-five
coots."
Will a few hundred of tho peoplo of Georgia
be so kind as to lie down and permit the peace
ful negroes, to cut their throats, that the
Rochester Chroniele may he oonviuced that
there is some foundation for the recent reports
from that State ? By their present policy tho
Georgians have prevented bloodshed, and if
they hope for the respect of Bopublican jour
nals they must alter it. Any disturbance with
a little blood in it— no matter who gets hurt —
is of vast importance to the Bopublican party
at this time.
The Milwaukee AVtr.t thinks that presenting
l*reident Grant witli two Uiblos was “over
doing the thing." The fletea is meddling with
something which it does not comprehend.—
There can be no doubt that the pereon who
gave him the lhbles know best. It could
hardly lie expected that one Biblo would be
enough to convert a whole President, particu
larly the present Chief Magistrate, and it will
be a mercy if the American Bible Society isn’t
workod to death before we do get just the
kind of a President tltat Grant ought to be.
One of our subscribers, an elderly lady,
wants to know if we won't write something
about tobacco, she beiug very much against
the use of the noxious weed. Certainly we
will. Everybody is aware that the use of this
vile article is most injurious, destroying the vi
tal powers, and tilling lunatic asylums and
graves. It is frightful to contemplate tho
ravages of the tobacco poison. Would that we
wielded the pen of a Dickens, that we might
vividly portray tho evil effect of tho weed.
Thousands of persons have— A friend has
Just dropped in and offered us a oigar. and as
it looks like a good one we won’t write any
more just at present —Rockland Courier.
It occurred in Oshkosh. “Will you do it ?"
she said, twistiug one end of tho strap around
Iter hand and fetching him a “stinger" across
the shoulders with the other. He squirmed
and looked frantically at the keyhole of the
door, as if he could crawl through it. “Will
you do it ?’’ she said, aiming two or three at
tho calves of his legs, while he skipped around
like a great Northwestern grasshopper with
the jim-jams. “Will you do it?" sherepeated.
concentrating her energies for a terrific swoop,
and dealing him a blinder over the eyebrows
that made the cold perspiration start out of
every pore in his body. "1 will!” he roared
in agony: and they were married.
The grasshopper is a little insect, but he has
large powers of consumption and never travels
alone. The official report of his work in Min
nesota last year has just been published.—
Twenty-eight comities, including 261 towns,
were visited, and the following is the bill of
fare of the winged pest: Acres of wheat dam
aged or destroyed. 240,417: bushels of wheat
lost on same. 2.646.862; acres oats damaged or
destroyed. 52,125: bushels oats lost on same.
acres corn damaged or destroyed.
34,139; bushels corn lost on same. 783.415. The
exhibit is a fearful one. and affords people at
a distance a more vivid conception of tho ex
tent of damage done than mere verbal descrip
tions can furnish.
A young lady of engaging personal appear !
anoe went to Burlington recently and announc-1
ed that she was going to open a barber shop on i
North hill. The very next day each married ;
woman on North hill surprised her husband. ,
whose many virtues she hail long known and 1
admired, with a neat little present, consisting j
of a rarer, lather brush and strop. And now,
as oft as a North hill man comes home, the |
wife of his boeom puts her anus around his j
ueck and rubs her downy cheek against his i
face, in all apparent innocence and affection. :
but if his cheek is smoother than when he
went away from home in the morning, she
fans him with the rolling pin until he has to
wear his hat on whichever lump it will fit on.
A pair of precious scamps in Tans have de
vised a most ingenious plan for swindling
would be violators of the customs laws. They
were in the habit of going around among tav
ern keepers and others with samples of un
taxed brandy which they would offer confiden
tially at a low figure. When they made a sale
they would bring with great secrecy a fifty
quart cask to the purchaser, telling him at the
same time to tap it whenever he pleased to see
that the brandy was np to the sample. This
the latter would do. and would make a number
of gimlet boles, through all of which tbs
genuine article trickled forth. The brandy
would then be sent to be bottled. All would
go well for the first few gallons, and then the
run of brandy would eease. On shaking the
cask a sonnd would be heard of gurgling
liquid, but nothing would corns through the
bunghole. After much trial and tribulation
the secret was discovered. In the fifty litre
cask a smaller one, holding forty-eight litres
was suspended, full of water. Only as much
brandy had been provided as would fill the
space between the barrels.
OUR LATE TROUBLES.
The people of Georgia will be satis
fied with the verdict in the case of the
State against Cord ay Harris. While
the evidence establishes the fact of a
conspiracy, aDd shows the wicked in
tent of the leaders, there have been no
developments going to show that the
great mass of the colozfed people in the
distnrbed section of onr State had any
well defined ideas of the scheme into
which they were dragooned by a few
worthless and turbulent negroes. There
is no doubt but that the leaders meant
mischief, but the timely and prudent
action of the whites prevented the toll
development of the plot. That there
was can sc for alarm and apprehension
I there is no longer any doubt. It is far
better for the peace of the State and
j the welfare of both races that the in
■ cipient conspiracy was nipped in the
bnd; it is better that the State should
fail to convict Harris and the other self
constituted negro leaders, by a defective
link ir the chain of testimony, than that
any portion of onr State shonid become
the scene of a bloody and unnatural
strife.
We can afford to let H abbas and
those connected with him go un
punished, because the evidence may
not have been as direct and con
clusive as the law as given in charge by
the Court required. The people of
Georgia and the right thinking people
of other States, will commend the con
duct of Jndge Johnson and approve the
verdict of the jury. In the face of a
provocation which arouses indignation
and excites the most vindictive feelings,
is it not creditable to the manhood of onr
people—to their patience, their forti
tnde and their forbearance—that no act
of violence was committed ? Radical
papers may attempt to ridicule
the threatened insurrection and to
speak contemptuously of the alarm ex
hibited by our people, but we care not
for their irony and contempt. The con
sciousness of having preserved the peace
and prevented a collision between the
races by prompt and decisive action
render our people indifferent to the
praise or censure of Radical partisans,
whose only regret is that fifty or one
hundred negroes were not killed, in
order that political capital conld be
found for the next campaign.
Georgia law and Georgia justice have
been exemplified in the trial and acquit
tal of Harris. Under the aggravating
circumstances and the excited feelings
of the community, the prisoner’s acquit
tal is highly creditable to the Court and
especially to the jury.
THE CARBONARI.
Wo find in the Baltimore Gazette a
condensed account of this secret politi
cal society, which became so notorious,
and whose influence was so widely ex
tended in Italy and France some sixty
years ago. The name is from the Ital
ian word carbonajo— literally, a char
coal burner. About the year 1810, when
the Neapolitan Republicans, alike op
posed to the usurpation of Murat and
the rule of Ferdinand, took refuge in
the Abruzzi Mountains, they organized
under tho leadership of Capobianoo a
carbonari society, adopting charcoal as
a symbol of purification, with the mot
to. “ Revenge upon the wolves who de
vour the lambs.” In 1814 the Tittle
Neapolitan town of Lanciano numbered
as many as two thousand carbonari, and
all over the Abruzzi new societies were
formed, whose political influence be
came so marked that Prince Moliteiini
was dispatched to them by Ferdinand,
with a view of securing their co-opera
tion against the French.
But the carbonari, although their un
willingness to bear any foreign yoke bad
originally given rise to their association,
leaned more and more toward republi
canism, and especially when the expel
led dynasty was reinstated upon the
throne of Nnples they assumed an atti
tudeof uncompromising hostility against
the monarchy. From thirty thousand
members the nnmber of carbonari all
over Italy had been swelled, in one
month (March, 1820), to the enormous
figure of seven hundred thousand, in
cluding many persons of education and
good family. The place where they as
sembled was called the baracca, or col
lier’s hut: the surrounding country was
designated a forest; the interior of the
barncoa was ealled the vendita, from the
sale of coals which colliers are supposed
to carry on in their huts. Each province
contained a large number of such bar
rache, or huts, aud the union of the dif
ferent provincial huts constituted “ a
Republic.” The growing influence of
the order alarmed the Conservative Gov
ernments of Europe, especially the
Bourbons, as since 1819 the carbonari
had allied themselves with French Re
publicans.
The trial of the Corsicau Guerrne,
who, iu accordance with the decree of
the alia vendita, had stabbed a fellow
member for having betrayed the secrets
of the Society, added to the excitement.
A fresh impulse was given to the French
fraternity, and many Republicans of
mark, among others Lafayette, joined
the movement which adopted the ritual
of the Abruzzi Carbonari with slight
modification. The statutes of the French
Carbonari were most stringent; . the
faintest whisper of the secrets of the
society to outsiders constituted treason
and was punishable with death. No
written communications were permitted.
Iu 1819 there were abont twenty thou
sand Carbonari in Paris. From Sep
tember, 1820, to March, 1821, a separate
committee sat in Paris on military af
fairs, as the army contained a large
number of carbonari.
In 1821 the Government was officially
informed that the society existed in
twenty-five of the eighty-six depart
ments of France, and the “National
Congress" of the Carbonari, which had
its headquarters at Paris, seemed for a
time omnipotent. All the insurrection
ary movements, from 1819 to 1822 were
attributed to them. One of the cardinal
points of the French Carbonari was to
make Paris the political focus of the
world. After the July revolution of
1830 many Carbonari gave in their alle
giance to Loris Phtliatpe ; but at that
time anew society of the order, more
radical in its character, was founded by
Btoxarotti npon the theories of Babecf,
which Testa, who was a prominent
member, expounded iu his “Project
d’une lvepublicaine.” The Carbonari
are not known to exist in Paris at pres
ent, at least not nnder that name.
The Allentown (N. TANARUS.) Democrat hits
the H’orW, its Democratic cotemporary
of New York city, the following sledge
hammer blow:
The New York continues its assaults
upon the Democracy of Ohio, and is laboring
openly and undisguisedly for the defeat of the
Democratic ticket in that State. Its course
deceives no one. The Democracy of the coun
try fully understand that is in the pay of tUe
Radical party, having long since forfeited the
confidence and respect of its political friends.
Whether in the pay of the Radicals
or not (and we do not make the charge
nor do we believe it) the World has
been playing into the hands of the Rad
icals in Ohio. It has done all the harm
it could to break down the Democratic
party in that State in order to bring
about the defeat of Gov. Allen.
GEORGIA TYRANNY.
We are afraid the Philadelphia Time.s
is inclined to indnlge a little in “sar
kazznm.” It says:
The inhuman tyranny of the white people of
Georgia, and their cruel disregard to the rights
of the negroes, are plainly shown in the in
iquitous way they have treated the men lately
arrested on the charge of plotting insurrec
tion. Out of a hundred or so captured, they
have only accorded a trial, thus far, to one;
they have brought him before a jndge who
was at one time a United States Senator, and a
jury composed of white and colored men, and
have given him a former Attorney-General of
the United States to defend him; and this
jndge has been ruling out all the evidence
that dpee not hear directly upon the charge,
and i otherwise conducting the trial with the
utmpdt eli iciness. Of course this i only a
wicked mockery of Justice, the real object be
ing to terrorise the negroes; In proof of which
we hake but to iay that the grand jury has in
dicted only three or four others beside the
man now on trial, and that the others liave all
been turned loose. The President should send
more troops to Georgia.
AS OTHERS SEE US,
Mr, Charles Nordhoff, correspond
ent of the New York Herald, gives his
views at length on the condition of
Georgia. ,ge dpea not aoffina-to think
TEncn oi onr agricultural status. He
states that onr lands are worn out, and
our people less intelligent and less
able to manage their own affairs than
the same class in Alabama, Louisiana
and Mississippi. The reflections and
conclusions of Mr. Nordhoff will not
be confirmed by a full and impartial in
vestigation and comparison of the con
dition of Georgia with that of any other
Southern State. We do not pretend to
compare the old lands of Georgia with
the rich alluvial lands of the Missis
sippi; but we submit that we have man
aged our affairs generally as well as the
people of the States named in his article.
It is inexcusable igborance on the part
of Mr. Noedhoff to compare the con
dition of the farmers of Louisiana, Mis
sissippi and Alabama with the same
class in Georgia when it is a fact patent
to every man of the most ordinary in
telligence that Georgia is prosperous in
comparison with either of the States
named, whose people are to-day scarce
ly able to stagger under their oppressive
burdens, the resnlt of infamous govern
ment. In two years there has been an
inorease of over $50,000,000 in the value
of real and personal property in this
State, as shown by the reports of the
Comptroller-General, while in the
States named by Mr. Nordhoff there
has been no such improvement.—
As other interest depends
upon the agricultural, this increase in
the value of property is primarily due
to the success of the planting interest
since the war. In Alabama, Mississip
pi and Louisiana the reconstruction acts,
the mongrel State governments and the
military espionage and despotism of the
Federal Government have depressed and
outraged the people, demoralized their
labor system, and in a great measure
destroyed the agricultural interests of
the people in those States.
We have no data to guide us, but
there has been a general decrease in the
valne of all species of property in the
States named, while in Georgia there
has been an increase. Our State has
been particularly favored in getting rid
of mongrel government, the like of which
still oppresses Louisiana and Missis
sippi.' Whatever prosperity our people
enjoy at this time, they are in
debted for it to good local government.
In putting the emigration from this
State since the war at 50,000, Mr.
Nordhoff is mistaken. Although his
guessing is faulty his imagination is
not. The people who emigrate to the
Southwest do not find there a land flow
ing with milk and honey, and they re
turn home to old Georgia sadder but
wiser men.
Our manufacturing interests are pre
sented as in a flourishing condition.
The homestead and lien law come in un
der the head of bad law. The for
mer is put down at 53,000 in
gold and SI,OOO persoual prop
erty, while the Constitution fixes it
at s3,ooo—realty to the value of $2,000
in specie and personal property to the
value of SI,GOO in specie.
Mr. Nordhoff has not presented our
industrial condition in a promising
light. It is true that we are not rich,
but his picture of our condition as a
people is calculated to do us injustice
in inviting comparisons that are unfavor
able, and, we think, untruthful, not
withstanding the array of figures whicji
he introdnees to snstain his position.
We do not believe that this gentleman
intended to do us injustice. Whether
intentionally or not, his article has
done it; bnt we presame the people of
Georgia will survive his invidious com
parisons and unwarranted conclusions.
“THE NATIONAL CREDIT.”
The St. Louis Republican, referring
to a quotation from a speech by Wen
dell Phillips, in which he declares
that the money of all civilized countries
“consists of paper and must rest on
credit,” says “there is a very material
difference between a paper note that is
redeemable in gold, on demand, and a
paper note that is not redeemable on de
mand. A greenback is one of the latter
kind. The United States ‘promise to
pay nearer one dollar’ for it, bnt this
promise has never been fulfilled, and it
is now twelve years old. What is the
credit of a man worth who does not pay
his debts in twelve years ? The ‘credit
of the nation’ is a term very vaguely
used, and those who use it do not seem
to know the meaning of it The nation
al credit ought to be as good as gold,
but it is not; it is worth 13 cents on the
dollar less than gold. Besides, the
more the nation’s credit is stretched the
less valuable it becomes. The Govern
ment has outstanding now $382,000,000
unredeemable greenbacks; suppose it
were to increase the sum to $1,000,000,-
000; is it not plain that the natiodai
credit which is supposed to stand be
hind them would not prevent them from
going down to 50 cents on the dollar ?
The United States Government has re
pudiated its notes at times; if any one
doubts this, let him take an old conti
nental bill to Washington and ask the
Treasury to redeem it; the genuineness
of the bill will not be denied, but the
holder will be told that there is no ap
propriation to pay it out of. This is an
example of the absolute worthlessness of
the national credit. The plain truth of
the whole business is that a credit must
be instantly, absolutely and certainly
redeemable in gold, on demand, to be
worth par. If it is not so redeemable,
it is depreciated; it has only a conjec
tured value, and no amonnt of patriotic
talk abont the nation that stands be
hind it will increase that value one far
thing. Wendell Phillips himself would
not give a gold dollar for a greenback
dollar.”
In his inangnral address Governor
McCreary, of Kentucky, said : “I de
sire an era of honesty, economy and jus
tice in the administration both of oar
State and Federal Governments, and
peace and prosperity and progress not
only in Kentucky, but in every part of
the Union. I want to see the records of
secession, coercion and reconstruction
filed away forever, and the people of the
whole country earnestly advocating
peace and reconciliation, and all look
ing to the Constitution as the guarantee
of our liberties and the safeguard of
every citizen.”
AUGUSTA, GA, WEDNESDAY MpRNING, SEPTEMBER 15, 1875.
THE RADICAL ROUT.
The Philadelphia Times, a journal on
the order of the Tribune in its indepen
dent manner of condemning what is bad
and approving what is good in both
parties, characterizes the defeat of the
Republicans in California as a rout. It
says;
If there is a Republican party left in Cali
fornia it certainly failed to put in an appear
ance at the late election. In 1867 the Demo
crats elected Governor Haight by Republican
dissensions arising out of the enforced nomi
nation of Goerar by a packed Contention;
but with that exception the Republicans have
controlled the Golden State since the com
mencement at the rebellion. Now the Republi
cans 100-e Governor and all other State officers,
three Congressmen, both branches of the
Legislature, a United States Senator, and the
organization is so utterly defeated that it can
have no hope for the future. It is not merely
a Republican defeat, but it is a rout, and noth
ing is left of the great party that for fifteen
years was omnipotent when united but its his
tory. There, as in Pennsylvania and gener
ally elsewhere, Republicanism was loaded
with jobbers and placemen, who traded
on Grant's patronage and made honest
men turn with disgust from both master and
dependents. They had their Camsbqn in Sena
tor Sabgest and their Mackey m Secratary
whose profligacy eleoted a Reform municipal
ticket, headed by A. J. Bbyant, an old Repub
lican, for Mayor, and filled all the other local
offices mainly with Democrats. The revolu
tion is complete in State and city, and Repub
licanism seems to be a thing of the past on
the sunset side of the Rocky range. Oregon
will doubtless follow in the election of her
Congressman, and thus the three State’s of the
Pacific slope—California, Nevada and Oregon—
will be anchored in the Democratic column for
1877. The time was, in the better days of Re
publicanism, when its leaders won victories
for the party and its principles. Now its lead
ers win victories for their opponents by their
reckless and appalling abuse of public trust.
Pennsylvania has stood up under an immense
overloading of venality and selfish ambition,
but the camel’s back was broken last Fall, and
it will be no very difficult task for the same
managers to repeat the disaster iu November
next.
OUR TROUBLES WELL ENDED.
The Liberal and Independent papers
of the North are doing justice to the
people of Georgia for their conduct dur
ing the recent threatened outbreak in
this section of the State. The patience,
moderation and fortitude of our people
are highly commended both at the incep
tion and during the progress of the ex
citement. Their recourse to and sub
mission to the law for a vindication of
their grievances has wrung commenda
tion for the law abiding spirit of our
people even from partizan journals.
The New York Journal of Commerce,
which is always temperate, just and
dignified, has this to say of onr recent
troubles:
The white people of Georgia have shown
good sense in their f cool and rational treat
ment of the negroes who recently menaced
tho peace of that State. Instead of going into
a silly panic, organizing a vigilance committee
and lynching the black leaders of the disturb
ance, the whites were content to abide by the
decision of the law in the case of a few of the
most notorious of the instigators. Habbis,
the supposed chief of the alleged insurrection,
was the first to be brought before judge and
jury, and he has now been acquitted, the evi
dence for the prosecution failing to prove a
criminal intent against the prisoner. The trial
was conducted with impartiality and dignity,
and the whites of Georgia receive the verdict
with calmness and respect. The testimony
shows, by the way, how wildly the troubles
were exaggerated. The negroes, it appears,
had no idea whatever of attacking their white
neighbors. Their assemblages were for politi
cal effect only. With- the xe’lbsse „? xi At.
tho little excitement in Georgia has wholly
subsided. It is announced that three other
negroes will presently be tried for the offense
charged upon Harris, but if their cases ever
really get before the Court they will probably
be acquitted. The other prisoners have all
been discharged and have gone to their homes,
and the militia are dismissed from duty. We
are happy to record the ploasant ending of an
affair which at one time aroused the appre
hension of the friends of poaco and harmony
between the two races. The negroes ought to
be abundantly satisfied now that their white
friends will act justly and fairly by them; and
the call which has been issued urging the col
ored race of Georgia, for iheir own protection,
to seek a home in some other State, will proba
bly fail of effect.
A blessing in disguise is what the
Chicago Tribune terms the explosion of
the Bank of California and the death of
Ralston; and another Western paper
remarks that it was not a bank, but an
inflated gambling house that failed. Its
power was too great for the public good,
and Ralston was the despot in whom it
centered. Behind his graciousness and
hospitality to friends there was an un
relenting harshness to his enemies. He
dictated the rates of interest, and con
trolled nearly all the bank accommoda
tions to all classes of business men. In
everything he touched he was a mono
polist, and his bank was merely the
nucleus of his operations and the ren
dezvous of the cliques he gathered about
him. Starting with the mining inter
ests, he afterwards established a mono
poly in land dealing, and through that
was able to control the richest products
of the country—particularly tho grain
and wool—and ally it with the control
of the transportation interests. The
steamboat lines on the interior rivers
were largely in his hands, and he exer
cised a great influence in trade with
China, Japan, the East Indies and the
Sandwich Islands. But the worst fea
ture of his career was that he inoculated
people with a mania for stock gambling.
He tempted the whole community into
it, and profited from the losses of men
and women, too, whose scanty hoards
were contributed to his coffers. He
bribed newspapers and public officials,
and was just about to buy up the Board
of Aldermen when the crash came. In
view of what Ralston’s power was, and
the nse he made of it, the Pacific Coast
can afford to do without him and his
policy of progress and development.
The San Francisco dispatches say that
the mortuary sermons preached in the
city churches were eulogistic in their
character.
“Virgil, in one of the most beautiful
of his pastorals, makes the happy agri
culturist describe the blessings he en
joys and declare that a beneficent Power
must be the source of them—‘for never
will I call him less than God.’ Xkno
phen, in the most famous chapter of
his ‘Memorabilia’ of Socrates, repre
sents that great teacher as arguing the
being and omnipresence of God from
the wonderful mechanism and evident
designs of the eye, the end, and all the
members of the human body. Cicero
argues from the adaptation of man’s
body to its needs, that God’s will was
present in his creation. Paley’s well
known argument for • design in the
mechanism of a watch is of the same
character, and Lord Brougham enlarged
the argument in his preface to Palbt’s
Natural Theology. All these arguments
are meant to prove the existence of God
as an active and intelligent will, and if
they prove that, they prove of course
equally his presence in all His works.
Indeed, the omnipresence of God in
volves also His omnipotence. His su
perintendence, His will, both in the pro
cesses of nature and the events of life.”
Ex-Senator Ros3, one of the Republi
can Senators who voted against impeach
ing President Andrew Johnson, is now
foreman of a printing office in Lawrence,
Kansas. He has recently written an ac
count of the impeachment trial.
A Western editor returned a tailor’s
bill, endorsed, “Declined; handwriting
illegible.”
OF, GEORGIA,
What the State by Emigra
tion—Profltablenf*ij&f Manufactures
—The Small Fannefll her Most Pros
perous Class.
Albine, N. J., Sewember 4, 1875.
To the Editors ofthcEfyw York Herald:
You printed the oth day a letter of
mine on Georgia affainjfwhich had been
long delayed on the way; but came to
yon in time to sbow somewhat of the
condition of the State whose white peo
ple have been alarmedjiy rumors, of an
intended negro insurrection. It looks
as though unscrupulous men in both
parties were very Jo take advan
tage of sneh an affaife and to “make
political capital out of ft;” fortunately,
in this case, the authorities and the peo
ple of both colors havejacted very cir
cumspectly. The negibes in Georgia
have, as my previous! letter showed,
some,but slight and lesAning causes for
dissatisfaction; the fa®,that they will
pay taxes on over s7,ooftooo this year,
all acquired since 1866, |Hnd by a class
notoriously unthrifty, stows that they
have suffered no serious wrong or injus
tice. The fact that oveff j 25,000 negroes
have emigrated frtjfejjjjy State shows
also that they know bgjlto better their
condition. But action
does not arise froßylpnga; for the
wWjte@ also are disßati*alie'R>d an equal
States. The chief diHoulty in Georgia
is that it is an old Statt, with worn lands,
whose near neighbors, Mississippi, Ar
kansas and Louisiana, invite its people
to come and take possession of new and
fertile soils, where .(hey need no ma
nures, and can get greater returns for
their labor.
Georgia and North Carolina differ
from the other Southern States I have
seen in this, that much of their land is
thin and worn, and will not produce a
crop, even in the cotton region, without
the use of expensive manures. This, of
course, makes cotton planting less re
munerative than it is in the rich bottom
lands of Mississippi, Arkansas and Lou
isiana. Moreover, judging from appear
ances, I should say that even in the old
times, before the war, Georgia must
have been a less wealthy State than
those west of it. The landowners in the
middle belt of the State do not call
themselves planters, but farmers, and
in general through the cotton raising
region there are fewer of such evidences
of wealth as one meets with in Alabama,
Louisiana, or even Mississippi. It
seemed to me that the landowners, whe
ther they called themselves planters or
farmers, are as a class less enterprising,
less prosperous, more generally in debt,
and if I may say it without offense, less
intelligent than the same class in the
other States I have named ; less expert
managers, and less capable of adapting
themselves to anew system of labor.
There are, of course, many individual
exceptions to this general description ;
and lest I shonid be misunderstood I
will add here that some of the most in
telligent, capable and liberal spirited
planters I have met in the South I found
in Georgia and native Georgians.
Emigration From Georgia.
One evidence of a general lack of
prosperity in this State I came upon
even before I entered Georgia is the
considerable number of emigrants, of
both colors, who are leaving the State
for Arkansas, Texas and Mississippi,and
parties of whom I frequently spoke with
at railroad stations. Georgia has lost
in this way since the conclusion of the
war, I have reason to think, at least 50,-
000 people, half of each color.
The fact is that Georgia, though it is
still essentially an agricultural State,
has its greatest future as a manufactur
ing region. It has a great deal of val
uable water power; also coal, iron and
other mineral wealth; it has a great deal
of land better fitted for small farms and
varied agriculture than for either cotton
or corn, and it has.ready to the hands
of manufacturing capitalists a numerous
population of “poor whites,” whose
daughters’ make exoellent factory opera
tors, and to whom the offer of this spe
cies of labor is a real rise scale of
oivilizotion. The cottori*PSnters an?
not, as a class, either wealthy or pros
perous; but the few cotton factories are,
even in this day of general depression,
very remunerative; the iron and coal
works are in a good condition, and the
farmers of Northern Georgia are said to
be doing well in all respects. I have
been surprised by the unbroken pros
perity of the cotton mills in Georgia.
The Augusta mills have paid a yearly
dividend of not less than twenty per
cent, since 1865, and the stock is quoted
at 168 to-day, and none is for sale. The
product is 275,000 yards per week. The
Eagle and Photnix mills, of Columbus,
built since the war, with a capital of
$1,000,000 and 25,000 spindles, have paid
an average dividend of over eighteen
per cent, and have a considerable sur
plus. No stock can be bought. The
Graniteville cotton mills, which lie in
South Carolina, just across the border
line of Georgia, were not fairly started
until 1867 ; and since then, I am told,
have paid off a debt of $75,000, in
creased their capacity from 15,000 to
23,000 spindles, built over forty houses
for operatives ; and have meantime paid
an average dividend of over twelve per
cent. But all these mills have doue a
mueh more important work beside ; for
all of them give employment to the girls
and women of the poor white class, to
whom such labor is, as I have said, a
real and very important step in civiliza
tion. They make excellent operatives,
I am told, and the factory life not only
improves their own condition in a re
markable degree, but adds greatly to
the comfort of their parents; and is,
perhaps, the only means of redeeming
this large population from a somewhat
abject and degraded condition.
Cotton Factories Prosperous.
I think I can see that the cotton manu
facturer has several important advanta
ges in this State over his rivals in the
Northern States. He needs no such
solid and costly dwellings for the work
people; land is still cheap; lumber for
building is cheap; fuel is unusually
cheap; the operative class is, I suspect,
more manageable and more easily made
intelligent than the rude, imported labor
now used in the North; food is and must
long remain cheaper; the mildness of
the Winter is certainly an advantage,
and there is an air of comfort and con
tentment about these Southern factories
which is very pleasing. The operatives
are usually vgjy nicely lodged in cottages
and are evidently happy and pleased
with their life.
It is among the factory workers and
the small farmers of Georgia that we
find the chief prosperity of the State.
Here there is little or no debt, money
circulates rapidly, improvements are
seen and there is patient, hotieful labor,
thrift and enterprise, which affects, as
it seems to me, the whole population.
I heard here and there of instances of
poor youDg mechanics working steadily
and earnestly, in anew England way, at
their trades, making labor respectable,
accumulating property and taking hon
orable places in their communities; and
some such men talked to me of their
past and their future, of the hopeful
change which the extinction of slavery
had produced in the prospects of their
clasß, in language which showed me that
there is a new-born hope of better
things in the poor white people of the
State.
When you strike the cotton region af
fairs are not so prosperous or happy.
In the first place, the cotton farmers and
planters—the large landowners, less
energetic than the population I have
spoken of above—have suffered from
two bad laws which fostered tbeir lack
of business capacity and love of ease.
The homestead law reserves to a land
owner a homestead of the value of $3,000
in gold, exempting this from seizure by
creditors. To this was added, I believe,
SI,OOO worth of personal property. Of
course, in an agricnltnrcl region, so
large an exemption can be easily made
to cover a very considerable amount of
property. To this was added a lien law
—fortunately repealed by the last Legis
latnre—which enabled the planter to
borrow on or mortgage his unplanted
crop; the faetor who furnished him
tools, manures, food aud clothing, hav
ing, by this law, the first claim on the
crop. Of course he also secured the
handling of it I have seen the evil
operation of such a law iu Louisiana in
the slavery times, and in the Sandwich
Islands more recently. It is ruinous,
for it offers a prize to incapacity and un
thrift, enables men to undertake plant
ing with insufficient capital, and de
range the whole industry. In Geor
gia the homestead law doubtless in
creased the evils of the lien law;
and between the two it resulted that the
planters fell over head and ears iu
debt. A great many of them were regu
larly a year or more behindhand, and if
the crop—which is more precarious in
this State than in some others—failed or
fell short the factor took ail, and the la
borers, employed to a great extent on
wages, often lost all their pay, except
what they had consumed during the
year. I do not donbt that in some
cases such loss and wrong fell upon the
negro laborer through the recklessness
or dishonesty of the planter, but lam
satisfied'alsothat much oftener the plant
er would have honestly paid if he conld,
and that he, as well as his workman,
was the victim of a bad business system
and of his lack of capital and of busi
ness thrift. It was one of the incidents
of*the reorganization of labor on anew
basis ir* a State where the culture of
cotton is less certainly remunera
tive than in more fertile regions. To
show you how the lien law worked, here
is a statement made to me by a planter
of the charges which he had known to
be paid for advances made by a factor.
He instanced to me the case of a planter
who required from his factor a loan or
advance of $5,000 to make his crop. For
this he paid one per cent, per month, to
which I was assured seven per cent, per
annum was sometimes added, making
really nineteen per cent. Then the ar
rangement was that the factor should
buy all the planter's supplies for him,
and for this service he charged him two
and a half per cent., and billed the
goods to him at “time prices,” which
added eight or ten per cent. ,to their
cost. Then the factor sold the planter’s
°?i “ -
believed such a system possible had I
not seen precisely the same thing done
by the sugar planters in the Sandwich
Islands two or three years ago. Of
course, no business except the slave
trade conld bear such a drain. Some
planters complained to me that they
conld never get advances from the
banks, who preferred to lend to the fac
tors, but this will hardly surprise any
business man. The profits were great
enough for the bank and the factors to
divide.
One of the natural results of this
system has been discontent among the
negroes—the laborers, who often lost
their wages. At least 25,000 of them
have left the State; and this emigration,
which last year already began to alarm
the planters, has not ceased. It has
been increased by other causes, of whioh
I will by -and by speak; but I am satis
fied, from conversation with leading
colored men, that the lack of prosperity
here and the well founded belief that
they could do better elsewhere has been
one of its main causes.
Repeal of the Lien Law.
The repeal of the Lien law has, of
course, left the poor and improvident
among the planters without credit, and
they are naturally in poor spirits. But
they will presently see that it is their
salvation. Already they are planting
more corn than ever before. They see
that to raise bread and meat enough for
their laborers will keep them out of the
hands of the factors. More corn will be
harvested in the cotton region of
Georgia this year than in any year sinoe
the war.
I have given this statement of the in
dustrial condition of Georgia because it
is certain that many of the incidents of
Georgia society grow mainly out of the
fact that the State, and particularly the
planting region, is far less prosperous
than the cotton region of Arkansas,
Louisiana or Mississippi; and is so
mainly for the reasons I have given—
the poverty of the soil, the precarious
ness of the orop in the far southern
counties, where it is peculiarly exposed
to the attacks of insects, and the pover
ty and unthrift of the planters. That
you may not think I have overstated this
lack of prosperity, I give you here some
figures from a mercantile report, which
I find in a Georgia journal. The busi
ness failures in the State amounted in
the last six months to the great sum of
$2,956,215. This is a greater loss by
far than is reported from any other
Southern State; greater even than in
South Carolina, as the following figures
show. Iu fact Georgia’s liabilities are
double those of almost any other South
ern State, and more than tern times
those of Arkansas: jrti
Alabama,,
Arkansas 1, Cvjui
Florida ’235.000
Georgia 2,956,000
Louisiana 630,000
Mississippi 1,045,000
North Carolina 263,000
South Carolina 2,042,000
Tennessee 325,000
Texas 1,153,000
Virginia and West Virginia. 1,383,000
T0ta1..... $10,766,000
The liabilities of Georgia amount to
nearly one-third of the liabilities of the
twelve States—the liabilities of Georgia
and South Carolina together amount to
nearly half the liabilities of the entire
South. Georgia compares as follows
with other larger and wealthier States :
Indiana • $1,860,000
lowa 436,000
Kentucky 2,456,000
Missouri 2,328,009
Ohio 2,594,000
Georgia 2,956,000
Now you must remember that, unlike
Ohio, Indiana or Missouri, Georgia is
almost entirely an agricultural State,
and that her factories and other purely
business enterprises have been almost
without exception prosperous. These
figures show the condition mainly of the
planting interest and of those businesses
intimately related to it.
Charles Nordhoff.
IS THE SITUATION IMPROVING.
[ Columbus Enquirer.]
In entering on another commercial
year, this is the question that naturally
claims attention. It is just now more
perplexing to us of the South than usual.
We have no reason to believe that the
cotton crop, now being gathered, will be
too large for the average consumption of
the mills. It may, indeed, fall consid
erably below our average contribution
to that consumption. But we see that
this prospect of a crop limited to the
ordinary requirements of the trade is
not securing a good price for cotton. It
is now fully one cent per pound below
the opening priee of last year, and
among those who make a business of
handling the staple, the propheoy of
still lower prices is more frequently
heard than the prediction of an advance.
We see in the quotations of “ futures”
that there is no gambling on higher
prices for monthß to come. This condi
tion of things argues the want of confi
dence by manufacturers in an improved
trade, however hopefully some of them
may talk on the subject.' It also shows
that speculators side with the “ bears ”
rather than the “ bulls,” and are afraid
to make ventures on the prospect of im
proving prices.
It would of course be idle to expect
any general improvement of business at
the South unless the cotton interest
prospers. A few weeks ago we had a
cheering promise of such an improve
ment in this section of the South, in the
appearance of the com crops. An
abundance of com would have made the
cotton crop a profitable one even at its
reduced price, because it would have
greatly lessened the expenses of the
planter and set him up in good condi
tion to make the next cotton crop cheap
ly. But the hopes then entertained of
a sufficient corn crop have been sadly
disappointed. This section mnst buy
com, as it has been doing, and the
money with which to purchase it must
come out of scant cotton crops selling
at prices hardly covering the cost of
production. The mere statement of the
case in this way is sufficient to show
that we cannot yet lay claim to the
“good time” always “coming,” but
which has for so many years mocked us
with promises never paid.
It is at least encouraging to know that
most of the planters of the South made
an effort to raise a sufficiency of com to
supply the home demand this year. Un
favorable seasons have disappointed
them, but we believe that they will
hopefully and resolutely make another
effort next year, and if it then meets
with better success, the first round of
the ladder will have been mounted. With
a return to the ante helium system of
making com and meat on the cotton
plantation, must come better times for
the South. Our planters will not then
be compelled to throw their cotton upon
the market at a stipulated time early in
the season, and the arbitrary regulation
of the price of the staple will not be so
much in the hands of the speculators
who control the supply of money with
which it is to be bought. Even in the
hour of failure and disappointment he
can discern the strait forward course
that* if persistently followed, mnst lead
onr section out of its difficulties and
make it again the most prosperous por
tion of the Union.
The grave of Thomas H. Benton, the
Missouri statesman, in Bellefontaine
Cemetery, St. Louis, has been neglect
ed until it has become overgrown with
weeds.
EMORY COLLEGE,
The Next Session—A Fine Outlook.
Oxford, Ga, September 3, 1875.
Editors Chronicle and Sentinel :
It may be gratifying to the friends of
Emory College to learn that the Fall
term is opening up propitiously. Al
ready about forty new students have ar
rived, and the cry is, “Still they come.”
All the old ones except two or three will
return, and the number in attendance
will be mneh larger than for several
years. Among the new reoruits are a
nnmber of as fine looking young men as
can be fonnd in the country, and they
will donbtless be a valuable acquisition
to the social and intellectual status of
the institution.
At r meeting of the Board of Trustees
yesterday Mr. J. M. Bonnell, A. M., of
Maeon, Ga., was elected Professor of
Natural Sciences, to fill the vacancy oc
casioned by the resignation of Rev. I.
T. Hopkins. This is said to be an ad
mirable selection, and will add new vim
and ardor to this department of the college
curriculum. Mr. Bonnell, in many re
speots, is the equal of his venerable
father, the former President of the Wes
leyan Female College, and reputed one
of the best teachers in the United
States. With such a corps of instrnc
tndrongh "collegiate edneation, the
health, moral and social advantages of
Oxford," old Emory is destined to a
career of prosperity. “So mote it be.”
Abdiel.
LETTER FROM GREENE COUNTY.
Crop Prospects.
• Woodville, Greene Cos., Ga., )
September 6th, 1875. j
Editors Chronicle and Sentinel :
Your correspondent has thought best
to dot you down a few notes in relation
to the crop prospects in this seotion.
Having in the past three days examined
many crops and received the opinions of
some of onr best and most experienced
farmers iu Greene and Oglethorpe
counties on the prospects, is forced to
the honest, though reluotant belief that
while we may be able, and doubtless will
have our oorn oribs at home another
year, yet our monied crop, “eotten,”
will be muoh shorter than was expected
and believed twenty days ago. Some
estimate at least one-fourth off. Full
grown bolls made their appearance un
usually soon this year at the top of the
stalks, and upon close examination we
find them far apart, with no interme
diate crop that can possibly be matured,
inasmuch as maturity has already ar
rived, accompanied in many places with
rust, whioh is a fell destroyer. This is
hard, when we take into consideration
the cost of production and the present
ruling prioes—the former, I boldly as
sert (with all the gifts to onr ever de
manding laborer in the bill), to
be nearer twenty cents than the
present and most probable season’s
ruling price, twelve and a half,
which would not be materially affected
was the Georgia crop an entire failure.
I have just seen a letter from one of
Mississippi’s best and most reliable
farmers, who has visited in the last thir
ty days most all the trans-Mississippi
and western cotton belt. Asa whole,
he claims a good crop, and I know from
my own observation that a splendid cot
ton crop is made through all the North
Oarolina cotton belt far down into Virgin
ia. Also, that good cotton is now growing
and about made aronnd Petersburg,
Va., and I doubt not that this extension
of cotton area northward and westward
is general. Let the farmers be convinc
ed of these facts, then we can and will
have hog, hominy and and. rust proof
oats at home. D.
EX-PRESIDENT DAVIS.
His Treatment of Prisoners of War-
Experience of an Ex-Confederate
Officer.
Editors Chronicle and Sentinel :
The arUcle of “F, ft- A.y,j>n &Mi
"recalls my experience 'ft’itb*
him on subject of the treatment of pris
oners of war.
Having the misfortune to have been
captured in the raid made by General
Morgan beyond the Ohio river and hav
ing been incarcerated for eight months
in the penitentiary at Columbus, Ohio,
my head shaved and other outrageous
indignities heaped upon me and the
other Confederate prisoners of war (?),
and having been removed thence to
Fort Delaware, where thousands of our
soldiers were immured (many hundreds
of whom died from the effects produced
by the brackish water we were com
pelled to use, each drink of which cre
ated a burning thirst for more), I con
ceived that I had good ground for the
opinion that our Government had weakly
and criminally neglected us, and upon
my arrival in Richmond I gave expres
sion, in no mild terms, to the indigna
tion swelling within me.
I remember well the evening that I
called upon President Davis. I was accom
panied by six members of the Con
federate Congress who were impressed
by my complaints and who went with
me to give their support to my protest,
and who agreed with me that retaliation
should have been resorted to when the
Confederates were first placed in the
penitentiary, several of whom had advo
cated that course at the time.
After the usual civilties the President
turned to me and said he learned I was
•just from a Northern prison, and asked
me which one. Struggling as well as I
could against the nervousness incident to
the surroundings, and, with indignation
as strongly expressed as my words could
make it, I told “the story of my recent
awful prison houses,” and candidly said
to the President that each and every
officer confined in that convict prison
censured him for not retaliating by
placing double the number of Federal
officers in the penitentiary at Richmond.
Imagine my surprise when the Presi
dent, after expressing the deepest sym
pathy for all our prisoners North, and
especially for those treated as convicts,
said: “No! I will never agree to
punish unarmed and defenseless pris
oners for the acts of others.” War,
he said, was terrible and cruel
enough without resorting to savage
punishment of defenseless prisoners,
and that he had humiliated his Govern
ment and himself three several times
by proposing through Colonel Ould to
Gen. Hancock, then in command at
Fortress Monroe; that all his efforts to
secure a cartel for the exchange of pris
oners having failed, he proposed that
the United States Government appoint
three or more commissioners to come
South and take charge of the Federal
prisoners held by ns; to receive through
the lines under flag of truce all needful
supplies, such as medicines, blankets,
clothing and commissary rations if they
preferred; that all supplies were to be
transported and stored free of charge;
that the commissioners should have the
greatest liberty of action possible in
time of war; that they could go from
prison to prison, but could not return
through the lines to their homes; that
we should be permitted the same priv
ileges as were granted the commission
ers from the North, with the additional
privilege of shipping a specified number
of bales of cotton through their lines to
a neutral port to be sold there for the
purpose of buying the necessaries for
the use of our prisoners. But no,
though his proposal had not been treat
ed even decorously, that was no reason
for punishing prisoners who were in no
ways responsible for the action of their
home Government. Much more of a
like character did our Chief Executive
say, and all the time he was talking I
wished sincerely that every man, woman
and child in the North could have heard
his every word. When I bade him
good night I felt I was leaving the pres
ence of a true and charitable Christian,
who was much misunderstood by the
people North.
There is much I could say of what I
saw and endured in Columbus and Fort
Delaware—of the imprisoning of some
of our officers in dungeons—the doctor
going to the dungeons twice a day to
feel the pulses of the unhappy prison
ers to see how much more they could
endure and not die. How the recently
elected Governor of Kentucky, the gal
lant and courteous McCreary, was
brought out at the expiration of
four days—Doctor Loving deciding
he could not endure further punishment
—how the others were returned at the
mid of six days looking like ghosts—the
blood actually oozing from under Cap
tain Barton’s finger nails—how Lieut.
Cole vomited from his first taste of meat
and fresh air after six days upon half
rations of bread and water. I could
also describe the horrible fare at Fort
Delaware, where we were fed by eon
tract at about fourteen cents a day upon
rusty shoulders and bad bread. Where
several officers were shot down in cold
blood and where hundreds of our poor
boys literally wasted to death from the
effect of drinking salt water and eating
bad food and where I saw about twenty
corpses in the dead house at one time,
and three or four youDg men studying
surgery were practicing dissection upon
our emaciated dead. These and many
more horrors I could state but I write
this merely to vindicate our Cbristiau
President from the charges of cruelty
to prisoners of war and place the onus
of failure to exchange first, and, that
failing then to alleviate the sufferings
by the appointment of commissioners
of prisoners where it belongs on the
Washington Government.
Whole chapters might be written
abont the aotion of the Northern Gov
ernment in selecting the bleak, cold
prisons of camps Chase and Douglass,
Johnston’s Island, Elmira, and other ex
tremely cold localities for imprisoning
our Southern soldiers, who were unused
to cold and were too thinly clad for the
rigors of that climate. But I desist.
A Prisoner of War.
THE NEXT GOVERNOR.
A Georgia Editor Interviews the As
pirants Smith and Colquitt Beat
the Bush—James and Gartrell Show
Their Hands.
[Neuman Star.]
Having a leisure day in Atlanta last
wee^wtMNSiwdudedTo call upon (for we
don t interview) some of the prominent
aspirants for the next Governorship.
Out of regard to his position, we first
visited his Excellency,
Gov. James M. Smith,
And after assnriqc ourself of the robust
condition of his health, and begging of
him not to overdo himself, we delicate
ly opened out on the Governor business
as follows :
Governor, as you are well aware, one
of the great questions which now agitato
the public mind is, who shall be the
next Governor ? It has been said by
some that you was opposed to a third
teim on constitutional grounds, while
others say you will be in the field. Have
you any objection to inform me privately
and confidentially, and “not to go any
further,” whether your name will be
offered in the race next year. The Gov
ernor locked his left thumb in the arm
hole of his best everyday jacket and
raising his right hand toward the hand
some freseoe work on the ceiling of his
elegant office, and winking one eye at
Pete Alexander, while the other pre
sented a solid front to us, ho solemnly
observed : F—, lam going to squelch
the nigger insurrection if I have
to call out the entire army and
navy of Georgia, for you
know, under the Constitution, I
am commander-in-chief of the marines
as well as the militia; I have got it about
squelched at Sandersville, I’ve sent Sam
Williams to squelch it in Pickens county
and if it breaks out in Dade I shall
send “ Pete ” to squelch ’em, for he
knows more about politics than Sam or
myself, and by the way F , how are
the crops in Coweta ? After informing
his Excellency that if it had rained more
at the right time there would have been
a surplus of pumpkins made to entirely
extinguish the demand for the Western
fruit, we again approached the Governor
question and modestly intimated that
he had not told us whether he was
“ going to run.” By the way, says he,
did you ever see our new water works,
they are tho eighth wonder of the world,
you must get Mayor Hammock to show
them. I say, Peter, what time is it ?
my watch has run down. Peter told
him, and the Governor told us that he
had an engagement at precisely that
hour, but to keep our seat, he would be
back in two hours, but the seat had got
hot and we left, somewhat chagrined
but nowise discouraged. We next
struck for the quarters of
General A. H. Colquitt.
Found him in, and apparently glad to see
us. We assured him that we never met
an old army comrade but what we felt a
gush of tenderness flowing towards him
like rivers of water. He asstjred us of
his reciprocity. We then approached
4he gubornatomi YJffeStioh By parrailbi
lines, and when we asked the General if
he was going to run, he struck out on
direct trade. You see, Captain, said lie,
(we military men are particular about
recognizing each others rank) you see,
now that Atlanta has become a port of
entry, and the waterworks have proven
a success, as soon as the Custom House
is completed, you will see the largest
ocean steamers of twelve hundred tons
burthen steaming up Marietta street and
anchoring between the Custom House
and the Capitol building, discharging
on the starboard side its precious cargo
of foreign goods, and on the larboard
side its still more precious freight of
politicians coming to the Legislature,
then return to Europe loaded down to
the gun-vales with the fleecy staple,
onee known as King Cotton. Yes, we
said that will be very nice, but how
about the Governorship ? Be patient my
enthusiastic young friend, I am now
preparing an elaborate address to be de
livered to the Grangers on the practica
bility of introducing into general use
the cultivation of the Ramie plant, the
best fertilizers to be used in manuring
the land for that peculiar vegetable, and
also the best way to feed it to stock, so
as to obviate to a great extent the pro
duction of Indian corn. At this stage
of the conversation we arose to depart,
satisfied that the General wasn’t going
to tell us whether he should run or not,
and the General twinkled us a merry
good-bye out of those little, keen black
eyes of his.
Nothing daunted, however, we broke
for a man that we knew would tell it.
We found the
Hon. John H. James
Busily engaged sitting down in his bank
parlor reading a Baptist tract on “reli
gion made easy” or the “short cut to
Heaven,” by the Byars brothers, illus
trated with a handsome steel engraving
of John H. James as lie appeared when
making an agricultural speech on finance
at a Grangers’ meeting. He wa#glad to
see us, and when we asked him the great
question should he run? he solemnly
observed that the people were pushing
it upon him, and although it would be a
serious pecuniary sacrifice that he should
acoept the office, yet he could not resist.
I shall undoubtedly be the next Gover
nor of Georgia. My letter on finance
struck the key note of the popular
heart. What the people want is more
money. Under my system every man
can be his own banker, and when he
gets out of funds all he has to do is to
issue a currency of his own, which will
circulate as good as gold. Then again
I know more abouWarming than either
Colquitt or Hardeman, and Smith don’t
even know what season of the year *o
graft turnips. Then my religious char
acter will help me. Hardeman has no
religion and Smith is a desperate sinner.
It is true Colquitt is a church member,
but he never built a meeting house or
kept up a standing revival at his own
expense. We left James satisfied that
he is the coming man. Just as we were
going to partake of some refreshments
the vision of
Gen. L. J. Gartrell
Burst upon our gaze. The General smole
a benevolent smile upon us, and that
good eye of his gushed with a tender
ness toward us that reminded us forcibly
of “Love’s Young Dream.” You see
how it is, said the General, James is a
clever man, but his war record isn’t
clear; that will kill him off. Colquitt’s
and Hardeman’s friends are about equal,
and neither will yield to the other; a
compromise man will be nominated; I
am the man that the eyes of the people
are upon. If I am nominated I shall
probably consent to run, and we believe
the General was sincere in this last ob
servation. As we retired we asked the
General if he would “take something,”
but he gave us to understand that the
temperance people would form an ele
ment of strength in the next campaign,
and that he had already formed combi
nations with the Knights of Jericho and
Sons of Temperance. We then bowed
ourselves away to a beer garden, and
plaintively meditated upon the folly of
human greatness and the excellence of
lager.
Mrs. Mary Vaughan, of Williamson
coanty, Tenn., celebrated her hundredth
birthday on the 27th ult. Her fifteen
children, fourteen of whom are married,
are all living. Over a hundred of her
450 living descendants were present.
The family is not only large in numbers,
but in size, few of the men being under
six feet even down to the fourth genera
tion.
Women will be women, and nothing
is too absnrd for them to do when there
are no strong, clear-headed persons of
the other sex to hold them in oheck.
Mrs. Julia Ward Howe has just been
illustrating this fact by giving a tea
party at which it was necessary for
every one to be dressed and decorated
with blue from heels to head. Forty
people were present at the ridiculous
entertainment,
NUMBER 37
THE STATE.
THE DEOPLE AND THE PAPERS.
Mr. Minor Guinn died near Coving
ton recently.
Miss Oregon Oliver died in Americus,
August 31st.
Emiiia Augusta Rhodes died iu Grif
fin, August 15th.
MrsJ Sarah Kirkpatrick died in Rock
dale county recently.
Mr. P. a. Stovall becomes local edi
tor of the Athens Georgian.
Mr. J. H. Lumpkin, of Athens, has
gone tt> Atlanta to study law.
R-W. Jones, of Covington, will open
the Siijas House, in LaGrange, October
Ist.
Mr. .R. H. Powell has moved from
Texas to Thomson, where he will mer
chandise.
It took 229 miles of bagging to cover
the cotton warehoused in Columbus
last season.
Twehiy-six persons have joined the
Baptist church in Griffiu during the re
vival now going on there.
The rumor comes to us that the editor
of the Warrenton Clipper is going a
iLhiug to pliosphoriae lna brain, -
The Warrenton Clipper says : “We
boast of a high Christian civilization.”
Really, now, are you quite sure?
Gallaher’s Independent , of Quitman,
has been sold to Messrs. Hall aud Mc-
Intosh, of the Quitman Reporter .
“Sucsessors” is the wav the editor of
the Atlanta Herald spoils it. Well.it
can’t be denied that that does spell it.
“H. H. J.” is the great champion
perambulating psn-pusher of Georgia.
He is, if possible, more unanimous than
Alston.
C. C. Olney, of Savannah, has been
appointed Receiver of the Charleston
and Savannah Railroad within the State
of Georgia.
The Milledgeville Union and Recor
der publishes an extract from a letter
written by “Lex,” “the genial aud
facile,” &c.
The. proprietors of the Northeast
Georgian are going to publish a daily
aud change the name of the pqperto the
Athens Georgian.
The Earley County Neivs says thd
prospect for bread in that county for
the coming year’s decidedly the most
gloomy for years.
The residence of Dr. W. A. Dunn, iu
McDuffie county, with all the furniture,
was burned recently. It was the finest
house in the county.
The Milledgeville Union and Record
er is publishing an interesting story
called “The Two Lovers,” by Hon. Jas.
M. Smythe, of Augusta.
“Ont’of the glitter of the ball room
into the dusty car, and then into quiet,
queen-like Augusta, crowned and lau
reled as she is with her magnificent
trees,” is the way a discriminating cor
respondent puts it.
The Commonwealth-Herald says Mr.
Jesse Holtzclaw has been promoted to
the office of Deputy Supervisor of In
ternal Revenue of this district, includ
ing North and South Carolina and Geor
gia. Headquarters at Raleigh, N. 0.
When “H. H. J.” saw a beautiful wo
man “loop up her tresses, her fair au
burn tresses” which almost swept the
floor, he could only look silently on and
exclaim admiringly, with the Mahomme
dan when he saw a six-bladed knife,
“God is great.”
A correspondent writes from Schley
county to the Sumter Republican that
the crops generally in that county will
not exceed three-fourths of a crop. Cot
ton is yet blooming, and with a late
Fall the yield may be better, but it is
generally conceded that owing to the
rust the crop is made.
Colonel R. H. Hardaway, of Thomas
county, told “H. H. J.” that, within a
radius of one mile iropx the Thpmasvilje
saa
sale, and that the supply of meat in that
part of the State will be larger than at
any other period since the war.
Rome Courier : Next to the guberna
torial question, the discussion of hay
seed and agriculture, guano and green
backs, the question of “ potash ” and
“ ground hog ” rises in the magnificent
altitude of tho greatest importance. Iu
the meantime the affairs of Georgia will
go on just as if there was not a dog
fight going on in which few white men
have any interest.
Mrs. J. H. Gilbert is a model woman
for business. She lives on her farm in
Clayton county, about twelve miles
from Atlanta. She attends to all of her
house work, assists the farm hands iu
their work, and takes all the fruits,
butter, eggs and other such farm pro
duce to market. She goes to town every
Tuesday and Friday mornings. Sho
gets there by six o’clock, sells out her
produce and returns home that evening
time enough to do all her domestic
work.
We find the following in tho Atlanta
Herald, of Tuesday: We understand,
from what we regard as reliable authori
ty, thet General Joseph E. Johnston has
been appointed and has accepted the po
sition of Commander-in-Chief of the
army of Egypt. Only a short time since,
and for the third time, was he tendered
the position. This time it was urged
upon him so strenuously that he at
length consented, and is making his
preparations to go over and assume his
position immediately. He is to get
SIOO,OOO to prepare himself an outfit,
and is to receive the sum of $25,000 an
nually for having supreme control of the
Khedive of Egypt.
Deaths.
In Savannah, 6tli, C. E. Byck.
In Thomaston, recently, J. H. Rogers.
In Milledgeville, recently, Andrew
McKinley.
At Gr.ffin, 7th, William M. Bates, of
Savannah.
In Philadelphia, August 29th, Mrs. C.
Cloud, of Savannah.
In Barnwell District, S. C., reoeutly
E. W. Gifford, of Savannah.
Language 1 hat’s Plain.
[SawlermiUe (da.) Correspondence New York
Trilmne J
Ex-Governor Herschel V. Johnson i4
Judge of this Circuit, and it would be
hard to say whether the whites or the
blacks have tbegreatest respect for his
uprightness of character or repose the
more implicit confidence in the fairness
of his judgment. The practice of car
rying pistols, so prevalent, among the
young men in some parts of the South,
and which has been the cause of more
trouble than any other one thing, has
been entirely broken up in this judicial
circuit. Judge Johnson, in his charge
to the grand juries, has often announc
ed his determination to “make pistols
cheap” here by destroying the demand
for them, and he has succeeded. Re
cently two young men, who had been
in no difficulty, and had made no use of
their weapons, but who had been seen
carrying pistols, were indicted by the
grand jury for violation of the law of
this State. One of them pleaded guilty
and was fined $l5O and costs, and the
other was convicted and fined S3OO and
costs. Judge Johnson, in pronouncing
sentence in the last case, read the young
man a lecture which neither he nor any
one else who heard it will ever forget as
long as he lives. After impressing upon
the man the enormity and cowardice of
the crime of which he had been found
guilty, he dwelt upon tho folly of car
rying concealed weapons. “When a boy
get on his first pair of ‘gallusses,’ ” said
the Judge, “he thinks he is getting to
be a man; but, a few years later, when
he gets whisky in his belly, a pistol in
his pocket, and the devil his head, he is
a full grown man.” This sentence was
delivered in such a way as to make the
young man ashamed to hold up his
head in Judge Johnson’s presence ever
since.
In May, 1874, a Frenchman and his
daughter arrived at New Orleans from
Bordeanx, France. During the passage
tho father was led to believe that his
daughter was too intimate with one of
their companions, and when, on their
arrival at New Orleans, the girl declared
her intention of leading a life of shame,
he became terribly incensed and plunged
a knife into her bosom, from the effects
of which she died in a few minutes,
having been in this country but an hour.
He was tried, convicted and sentenced
to imprisonment for life. During the
early part of August of this year, while
working on a chain gang outside of the
prison walls, he attempted to escape,
but as he sprang into the air in his effort
to get away, he was brought down to the
earth riddled with bullets from the guns
of the gnards. A hole was dug by the
road-side and the unfortunate mau
buried where he fell.