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* WII LlilB E ' JU ” i:S - AIiWWSTA, MO, TUESDAY M08«l*« FXBttUAKY <37, 1888. [Tri-weckly.]-v«J. M.-Wo a4. |)ul)Uj)seli J)\ILY tri weekly and WEEKLY, a At No. Broad Street. TERMS —Daily papet, Ton Dollars per annum in advance. Tri-weekly paper, at Six Dollars it advance, or Seven at the end of the /ear. -Weekly paper, Three Dollars in advance or Four at ilia end aif the year. lit 11 1 1 3 *' 11 j CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL. AUGUSTA. Monday Morning-, Feb. 20. John Ghat, the person who was found of Murder, and sentenced to be hung on . the first Friday in March, at the last term of Su perior Court of Richmond county, has been grant ed a respite by the Governor, until the 14th De cember next. MERCHANTS CONVENTION. We lay before our readers today the Addrefg of the Merchants Convention, which met at this {place in October last; and recommend to all an attentive perusal of it. The subject is of the deepest interest to the Southern and Wes tern people, and must sooner or later be so felt bv them. The prosperity of their agriculture can never be permanent until they have a commerce of their own. They have been teo long depen dant on others for those facilities of exchange and commerce for which they should depend .alone upon themselves. In furtherance of this object another Conven tion is recommended to bo held in this city in April next. Would it not bo well for our citi zens to have an early meeting on this subject! & A call from the city authorities, or leading Mer chants, we are certain would be heartily respon ded to by the people. The Globe, in commenting sit the speech o' Mr. Calhoun, on the Sub-treasury bill, says’ 4l lle is now on firm ground, and no man can cover more of it, at a single bound, or repeat his flight with greater rapidity, than Mr. Cal houn.” Who can doubt it after his late feat! Du 1 the “Globe” should have added, by the way of increasing the wonder, that he can jump as far backwards at a single bound, as he gained by a forward movement in twenty years. CHARLESTON RACES. 3 MILE HEATS. The following is the result of the th ird days jraces over the Wa-hingion Course: Mr. Wm Sinklcrs' Jcanet Berkley, 11 Col Fluds’ Lily, 2 2 Col Spawns’Convention, 3 4 Col McCrrgo’sGcnito, 4 3 Mr Richardson’s Delville, 5 5 Time, First heat, 3 in. 56 js. 3d heat, 3 m. B6s. Alter the main race there was a sweepstake of a single dash for two miles, between Conven tion and Delville. The first heat was judged a dead heat. The second heat was won by Del ville, by a length or two. Time, Ist brat, 3 m. 57s ; 2d heat, 4 m Mexico ash Texas.—Uy the arrival at Now Orleans of .the brig Opelousas from Vera Ctuz on 19th inst., the editors of the Picayune have been favored with the following : “A Mexican fleet, consisting of one corvette, one brig, and two schooners, left Veru Cruz on ’the 6th inst., bound to Tampico, Matamoras, and the Coast of Texas. The Texas Navy, wo fear is in bad plight to receive this f.iemlly visit; but if they will only go ashore, Houston and his brave boys will welcome them again as cordially as they did before at San Jacint,,. The French brig Lancet was totally lost at Vera Cruz on the Ist inst being driven ashore in a severe JVorthev — list Iter cargo and two men. Fiuk at West Point. —A correspondent nf theN.Y. Herald who writes from West Point under date of the 19th inst., says : ■“Between two and three o’clock this morning a fire broke out in the east wing of tho building, which contained the Library, Philosophical, Che mical and Engineering Academics. As the wind was very strong from the N. W., the flames jlid not extend very rapidly, but they were so vi olent, that at fust it was deemed impossible to save the Library. Some of the Cadets, however, planted lad leis at the windows, and with the courage and coolness of veteran firemen, they en tered and began to throw out books and pain tings, whilst olhcts removed them out of danger. Not more than one handled books were lost. All the Philosophical and Chemical Apparatus was saved ; but the contents of the Engineering Academy and Adjutant’s office were destroyed. Nothing remains of the building hut the w alls, though every thing might have been saved if an engine fit for service could have been found—the ore they had was out of order. [ehom ouk connesi’ondent.] WASHING I ON, Feb. 2i’lh, 1833. In the Senate to day, Mr. McKEAN presented resolutions of the Senate of Pennsylvania, on the subject of the Suh/Preasury bill, concurring in relation to that bill, with the resolutions present ed by Mr. Buchanan yesterday. The resolutions were read, laid on the table, and ordered to be printed. Mr. HUD BAUD moved that so much of th. resolutions of tho Senate of Pennsylvania, as re latcs to the attempt to remove Jeremiah Mason from tho presidency of the Portsmouth, Now Hampshire, branch of the late United Slates Bank, be referred to the Committee on Finance with a view to their ascetlaing, and reporting tin facts of the case. The imputation, ho said, Iha this attempt was a political movement, was with out sufficient foundation. Such, it was certain had been the conduct of the President of ilia branch bank, as induced his political friends, n well as his political opponents, to make a t eflor for his removal. Mr. WEBSTER was understood to soy, lha it was no more true that the hill new before tin Senate came from the Finance Committee, nr lira the Message, at the commencement of this tee *ion, came from the President of the United States, than that ihc attempt to remove Mr. Ma» * sou was a political movement entirely, beginning; and ending in poli.ical motive*. The whole 11 correspondence on this subject was on the files j! l! * 'l' o Senate, and the political movers in this J business themselves, placed it on political grounds ( After some fi rlher reference to the circumstances of the cave, Mr. VV. concluded by saying that he had no dcsiie for this investigation, and it was a by.gone aft'air, heretofore discussed, and well un derstood; hut if the member from New Hamp shire wished it, he had no objection; he was ready I for it. 1 Mr. HUBBARD re-asserted his opinion, and - Mr. Webster rejoined; when Mr. BUCHANAN said, “when Greek meets - Greek, then comes the tug of war.” He did not intend to lake any part in the high contest about to he waged between the two distinguished Sen ators; It was his purpose merely to state, that 1 in construing the instructions, which he hail re -1 ceived, ho should be guided by the lights of his 1 own judgment, and not by die construction which > had been placed upon them, subsequent to their passage, by the resolutions of the Senate of Penn -1 sylvania, which constituted but one branch of the 1 State Legislature. 1 Tho motion to refer was now carried. The Senate referred the consideration of the 1 Sub-Treasury bill,and the substitute for it, ullersd by Mr. Rives. Mr. ALLEN of Ohio, spoko more than two ■ hours in support ot the bill. After an Executive session, (moved by Mr. King of Alabama.) the Senate adjourned. In the House of Representatives, the Senate bill, for the preservation of our neutral relations, was then taken up, according to previous ap pointment. (The hour of one o’clock h iving arrived.) [The elfcct of the recommitment of ,he bill and amendments, and its being reputed back without amendment, was declared to he, to pu t aside all the amendments already moved ] Tho debate was continued by several members, and occupied the remainder of the silting. After some extended remarks, Mr. ADAMS moved to print the i-ill and amendments, and in mean time to adjourn. But ho withdrew his mot ion on tho request of Mr. WISE, who moved to print tho hill and amendments, (w hich had bc-cono quite compli cated) and to refer it to the committee of the whole on the slate of the Union. He was in the dark, at present, upon this subject, and wanted information as to the true slate of the bill and amendments. Mr. PATTON opposed this motion, as did Mr. Bell, who renewed tho motion to adjourn, which motion prevailed. The House adjourned at 5 o’clock. M. WASHINGTON, Feh. 3). In the Senate, today, after debuting a motion to discharge tho Committee on Public Lands from the memorial of the Legislature of Indiana, praying a pre-emption of tho Miami Reserve, Uni without deciding the question, and then dispos ing of sundry petitions, resolutions, Ac. Tho resolution proposing a committee to in ■ quire into the allegations against Mr. Rugglcs of ; Maine, (as requested by dial Senator,) was called i up by Mr. Webster, and agreed to —having first lecn modified, on mot on of Mr. Calhoun, so as to embrace an inquiry into any other similar charges—he having been informed, that there I were other instances of a simdar character, ul ledgcd against the Senator. The resolu ion was | also amended, on motion of Mr. Norvell, by in verting the committee with power to son 1 fur per sons and papers The committee was then ap pointed by ballot, and consists of the following j members: Messrs, White, Davis, Tallmadge, Crittenden, and Young. The special order (Sub-Treasury Bill) now came up, hut it being near two o’clock, the bill f was, at the instance of Mr. Crittenden, who de« t sired to address the Senate on it, deferred until to-morrow, and , The Senate look up the bill m iking appropi ia , lions to continue tho Cumberland load, which ' was debated till past four o’clock, and the Senate adjourned. In the House of Representatives, Mr. HOW ) AUD moved that at one o’clock the House would > resume tho consideration of the Canada bill; which was agreed to. Mr. REED of Mass, moved that die use of the . Hall he granted lothe GongressioiialTempcrance • Society on Tues lay evening next. s The question being put, the yeas were 60, the 5 nays 30. No quorum having voted, the yens and nays were demanded, and, being taken, resulted as follows: yeas, 32, nays 43. Two-thirds no t o voting in the affirmative, the motion was rejected. The Senate hill, for the picscrvalion of neutral relations, was then taken up. The debate was continued by Messrs, Howard, II Meiccr, Shields, Toucey, Holsey, Cambreling, o Adams and Thompson. Mr. EVERETT gave notice that ho should l- move to-morrow to recommit tho bill to the Com mittee on Foreign Adairs, with instructions to 1S re,sort the bill with an amendment, which ho now ,e asked to have printed. The motion to print prevailed. The House o.i motion adjourned at 5 o’clock. One of the circumstances which greatly cmhar ’■ rns? cs this question, is the very remarkable diller n cue between the course ot the Executive Ad iv ministration of this Government at this time, in s reference to the British Canadian civil war, to that which it pursued unvaryingly in regard to B ’ the civil war in the adjoining territories o( Mexi- IC C o. It is manifest, however, from the division it yC stcrday upon a motion to lay the whole subj -cl i- on the islilo, (which motion was negatived by n iqo odd votes to 30.) that the House is fully due jt posed to act upon Ibis subject. M. The number of deaths in the city of New York 11 during the year 1837 were, according to the in rt spector’s repmt, 1311 men, 1630 women, 276* lioya, and 2389 girls, making a total of 87 33 at The greatest number of deaths had occurred du 1U ring the month of August, being 965, and tin I rmiailest number in November, 561, Tho repor al j includes 000 person over one hundred, an I lobe *> i tween ninety and tlist —1043 ’A’c. 5 or.c y&n d’ 1 old and under. ADDRESS Or the Convention, to the People of the Southern and Southwestern States. Fkli,o W-ClTl/.ENS— i Os tho numerous subjects deeply and in , Innately connected with your permanent pros perity nud happiness, which have, during the last fifteen years, demanded of you all the i consideration which your intelligence could i bestow, and all exertions your patriotism , could contribute, none have come mure di rectly ‘home to your business and your bo soms,’ than that upon which we no.v propose to address you. The struggle in which you wore so long engaged, in relieving your commerce from the burdens imposed upon it by partial legis lation, lias been terminated by a compromise, whicb, if finally earned out m the liberal and 1 magnanimous spirit m which it was conceiv ed, cannot fail to perpetuate the political har mony winch it was the means of restoring. — Hut it is not to he disgo sed, that the system I of high protecting duties, falling mainly upon | the productions of the exporting stales, com bined with the system of federal disbursement, i which expended the revenue resulting from I those dm les, almost exclusively in the Nor thern States, has converted the slight superi ority originally possessed by the Norihcrn cities, m the business of foreign importations in'o an overwhelming preponderance, and diverted almost the whole of the immense commerce of the Southern and Southwes tern Slates into arliflicinl, circuitous and un natural channels, lu the commercial rela tions of ex'en-:ivo and wealthy communities, it was to have been expected that effects would for sometime survive their causes. And aceoidingly that portion of the eo i merce of the United States, which is appropriately nur own, consisting of an exchange of our agricultural productions for the manufactures of foreign countries, is still carried on prin cipally through Northern cities, by the agen cy of Northern merchants, who levy a transit duty; voluntarily paid to be sure—hut ulleily incompatible with a just and enlightened view of onr own interests. Now that the system of compulsory tribute is greatly reduced and rapidly coming to a closj, we arc called up m, by every consider ation of eiilighlcncfl self interest, to signalize onr complete commercial emancipation, by throwing oil’ this sy-tem of voluntary tribute, which can continue on'y by our consent and co-operation. A candid and dispasaionaio survey of the actual condition of our commerce, as com pared with onr great natural advantages, will demonstrate that to bring about tins consummation, so ‘devouly to bo wished,' by every patriotic citizen o! the Southern and Southwestern Slates, nothing more is neces sary thin a resolution on our purl to accom plish it. To w ill is to do if. A brief analysis of our foreign commerce vill be now presented. Taking ttie imports and exports of the United Slates for the fiscal year I8!J(i, as a enter on, wo have the following extraordinary statistical phenome na : The imports of the whole of the United States, amounted in round numbers to §l9O, 000.000. Tnoseot New York alone amoun ted to $ 118,000,000, while those of nil the Atlantic States south of the Potomac, and the states on the Gulf of Mexico, amounted to only $‘20,000,000, and those of South Car ol nia and Georgia to only 3, 100.000 During the same year, the domestic exports of the United States anioun ed to $lO7 000000, of . which Now Yoik exported only SIO,HOO.OUO against an import of lib millions, whilst the states south and southwest of the Potomac exported 78 000,000 against on import ol only 20 000.090. and South Carolina and Georgia, each having a commercial sea port, with a safe harbor on the Atlantic, exported 21000,000 against an impoil of only 3,400,- 00U! The contrast here exhibited is abso i lately astounding, and it is confidently be lieved they aro without any parallel in the history of independent States. New York, it wdl bo perceived, unporied six tunes the amount of her exports, while the Souidicru 1 and Southwestern States, imported little i more thm one fourth oftho amount ot theirs, and South Carolina and Georgia imported less than one seventh part of the value of iheirs. The case ut tho two sti es furnishes * the fairest criterion lor determining the du ’ gne of that rumons disparity, which exists I between the expons and imports ot the Stales which produce the great agricultural slap e which are almost the sole foundation ul the fore tru commerce of the whole Union. 1 ° , New Orleans, from its geographical posi ' tion, imports West India productions for the valley of the Miss ss ppl, and specie from ■ Mexico (ortho United States generally—ar -1 licos which are not obtained in exchange for ( the staples of the Southwestern States, and form no part of the comm-rcoby which those staples are exchanged ici fore gn productions ' ll only that pan of the imports of N Orleans i which is obtained from abroad in exchange for cotton were taken into the estimate, the i aggregate imports of all the staple growing I States', like those of South Carolina and Georgia, would no doubt sink (low n to less than one seventh part of their exports, t Such being tho actual state of our foreign ■ commerce, it deeply concerns our welfare to I inquire in the first place, whether it is a sound ami natural condition oftliis great in'eresi!— and if it be not, what are onr available means ’ of placing it in a natuial and healthful condi ’ lion. 1 That it is neither a natural nor a salutary condition, will bo apparent from a few obvi ous considerations. Viewing the subject as 1 one strictly of political economy—and in that ' li flit on v are wu now considering it —New York, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts are, fir all such purposes, to be regarded by llio staple Slates as foreign communities; nut less so than Great, Uniaiii and France. The bonds of our political Union, as confederated i Stales, however tney may bear upon other o j aspects ot the subject, h ive no bearing what , evo r upon the qiestion of national wealth, as i- it relates to the Stales. The federal con n 1 stdution, giving it the utmost amplitude t ■ of construct on, cannot annihilate the in y | tervomnir distance of a thousan 1 miles j. ; lwr has uninli fated the separate and in i (Jfpemiout political organization of the . -Indies. We cannot, therefore, regard the wealth of New York nr Pennsylvania, as the lS wealth of South G rolma or Georgia, or us 3. contributing towards it upon any oilier prm, j.’ than that mutual depmdance, happily ic -x nim ' between commercial communities, at whic h makes the prosper ly of tho one con [*. f j UO ive to that of the other, in proportion to ar -jic extent of tho exchanges ofthc-ir rcspec- I uve productions. Every cotton planter must have perceived, in U Hie |ki<-o of Ins staple depends more upon a prosperous condition of lie trade of Manchester, .11,1 upon that of all • lie cities of the United States, north of ilie Potomac, And, however it may shock the nerves of that lalae mid mistaken philmii liropy, which sometimes assumes the guise of patriotism, wo must be excised for •*confes sing” the homely virtue of preferring the prosperity ol onr own respective communities, ihough derived from a direct trade with for eign couui res, lu in ti of onr Northern con federates, derived fiom the same sources, but at our expense. Applying those plain & obvious principles to the exisinig slate of our commercial relations, it is apparant that the prolit made hy the merchants of Now York and other Northern cities, upon the exchange of onr staples for foreign merchandize, is ns effectually abstrac ted Irom (li ? wealth of lliu staple growing states, as if those cities belonged to a foreign jur.sdict oi. We are very ir.nn complain ing of our fellow citizens of the North, lor reaping the golden harvest which circumstan ces presented to their unierpnze. The/ de serve commendation r.iiher than complaint. Our purpose is to stimulate the enterprizo of our own merchants; lo recover, hy a fair and equal competition, the advantages they have loss ,* and to invoke the patronage of our lei low citizens generally, to sustain them in such a competition, and such a competition only. We should ourselves furnish an exam ple of that mock patriotism of which wu have spoken, and which is too often used lo disi guise a selfish purpose, it we were to advise our fellow citizens to purchase from our own importing merchants, when holler bargains could be ohiamed horn their Northern com pelitois. Wo only ask a decided preference when the terms are equal, and shall endeavor to show, in duo tline. Hint such terms can be afforded, with a liberal profit to ourimpurlcrs. We propose now to exnib.t a rnugli esti mate of Hie annual loss of the exporting Stales, hy the indirect course of their foreign i rude; or, more accurately speaking, of Hie annual addition that would he made lo iheir wealth, hy the establishment of a direct ex port and import trade with foreign countries. The excess, of the exports ut the Southern and Southwestern Suites beyond their im ports was, in 18.‘51i, sixty millions of dollars. As the value of our impons always exceeds that of onr exports, even when onr importa tions are not excessive, hy an amount equal to the increased value ol cur exports, in for igu markets beyond our custom house assess ment, and the estimated cost of importing the merchandize obtained m exchange for tiioui, it may be saloly assumed, that the Northern cities imported in the year above stated, se venty two millions of fmeigi.) merchandize, which was purchased hy the staples of South ern and Southwestern Sutes, and fairly con stituted a part of their foreign commerce. Estimating at 15 per cent, the profits of U;c Northern merchants, and nil the exponses and risks iiicnienl lo Hio transhipments and transfers of an indirect instead ofn direct route lo the seaports of the Southern and South wus'eru Slates, it follows that lliu people of these Stales sustained a loss of -fjTO,"00,(100 ill that year hy the indirect course of their foreign commerce. Jiy the same rrecess of reasoning, we reach Hie conclusion that Georgia nod South Carolina sustained a loss, in the same year, of fjSU.UdO,- 000. In coming to this result, however, it is assumed that foreign merchandize can he im ported as cheaply ir.ro our Unuthom Atlantic cities, as mto the cities of the Worth. This assumption, however, contrary in preconceiv ed opinions, is believed to rest upon the solid Inundation of undeniable facts. A great deal is habitually said about tins natural advanta ges of New York, as an importing city; and these are taken for granted, without reflec tion, from the mere tact of her great commer cial prosperity, iiut what are these natural advantages* She is, no doubt, from her position, the natural emporium of Hie foreign commerce of most ot the New England and middle States, and hy her magnificent canal, she will continue to command the trade of the North western States, until an equally or innromagii fi tent channel ot inlernalcomnicrce shall supply the whole Valley of the Missis sippi with foreign merchandize, hy a shorter ami cheaper route, through the seaports of the South. Hut the question si ill recurs, where are her natural advantages over the cities of the South, ortho Gulf ol Mexico, lor carry mg on the foreign commerce of the staple grow- States] Does the Atlantic present a smoo ther surface or safer navigation between Liv erpool and Now Yurk, than it does between Liverpoo. and Charleston or Savannah? Do merchant vessels enter the harbor of New York under more propitious gales, or rule in it with more safety, than in the harbor of Charleston! These questions are conclusive ly answered in the negative, hy tho fact, known to every merchant who is practically acquainted with the subject, that freights from Liverpool to Charleston or Savannah, are actually lower than from Liverpool t> Now York. Tins is one of the natural incidents of a direct irade. Vessels coming from Eu rope tor cotton, would of course prefer bring ing merchandize to a great cotton market, where a ditect. exchange could he effected, than to a oily a thousand miles distant from the market, involving the necessity of a coml.visa voyage, in addition to that across lire Atlantic. If, ihen, merchandize can be transported fiom Liverpool to Charleston or Savannah, cheaper than lo New York, what other element in the cost of importation, turns tne scale in favor of New York? Are house rents and tho general expenses of living lower in New York than in Charleston or Savannah? House rent is notoriously much niuhor in New York than in any of our Sou thern seaports; and if the concurrent, testi miiy of travellers it lo he credited, t ho ex penses of living there, and every species ot common labor, are greatly beyond what they are in Charleston or Savannah. It is thus that Ilie alleged natural advantages of New York, so far as relates to the trade of tho South, vanish, when exposed to the test ot scrutiny, and reso ve themselves into the I mere beauties of a magnificent harbor. ■ I But we not only deny Hio alleged natural ■I advantages ot the Northern over our South »! ~ru Ail.uitic cities, lor carrying on the expor ? 1 1 in<r and importing business of the staph , I growing Slates, hut we assert that the in. u , j ,-jl advantages are incontestably on the side ■'■ 0 f onr own ue ipoits. What is the commerce n question, divested of tho factitious appen . da ms of an artificial system, but simply ai , animal exchangeofcolton and other staples - 4n the amount ut some eighty millions of del T 'a,--, for ui?rchaud;iG imported from Englom i France aii.l oilier lorcign countries? li ih I pcrlt’clly plain, therefore, that the more sim ple and direct the operation, the less compli- I' cate), involved and mystified, tho cheaper : will the foreign manufacturer obtain the cot > ton, and the American cotton planter the - merchandize for which it is exchanged. The foreign manufacturers, and the Atnor ! ican planters, are equally interested in ostab i lisliing this system of direct exchange; and it • can only be effected by bringing the forei jn manufactures directly to tho cities of the cot ton growing States, and malting these, instead ot New York, the great marts for vending so • reign mannlacturcs on the one hand, ana the , raw material on the other. Considering the | obvious economy ofthis direct system of ox i changes, it seems strange that tho foreign manufactures have nut established their ngun • cies, both for selling goods and purchasing cotton, in those cities in preference to others. • Colton can certainly be obtained cheaper in - New Orleans, Mobile, Savannah and Charles ' ton, than in any Northern city; and manufac ■ I. tiros cm as certainly be sold on better terms, lor the consumption of the coilon growing Stales, if they will bear tho expenses, char- I ges and risks of an indirect importation through New York. Hut no just estimate cm be formed of the benefits ofthis propos. ■ ed system, which does not embrace its ten dency to supersede, not only the complex machinery of intermediate transfers and agencies, required in an indirect trade, but to a very great and salutary extent, the use and agency of money. Money is itself a very cosily agent, and wherever a direct exchange of commodities, or, in other words, larior.ciin he substituted for successive sales and pur chases, the use ot the sum of money that would have been required to efioct these sales and purchase.-',is superseded by the direct ex change, and is just so much saved to the parties concerned. In die extensive operations of foreign com merce, a very near approach can be made to ibis system of barter. InJeod, oui great agricultural staple, possesses a twofold attribute. This is an invaluable article of consumption, and at the some lime, while passing from the producer to the consumer, without any mbliiiumvl o.iut t<> so ciety, it performs the function of money, or hills of exchange. And in the disordered stale of our foreign and domestic exchanges, and of our mo ney currency, which threatens n long continu ance, this inappieciublc production of our favored soil uiul climate, promises to become 11 still more iinpoiiant agent in die transactions of our com merce. Does not this, wo cunlidenlly a»k, give to tho seaports of the codon growing Suites, a most deemed advantage over their competitors at tho North 1 The cotton at tho South and South western States, is die actual capital which sus tains four-fifths of our foreign commerce. To 1 that extent the credits obtained in Europe, and obtained upon tho faith of that capital alone. Shall tho people of tho South and South west, • with ihcso palpable facts staling them in die lace, : any longer remain obnoxious to the reproach ol • owning and furnishing the capital of our foreign I commerce, and yet permitting the people of dis t taut communities to enjoy its golden profits 1 1 Every consideration, public ami private, ol pa'iiol j ism and of interest, decidedly forbids i'. A field I of honorable competition and profitable industry I. s opened to our enterprise, where the public Iron i! efacter and the private trader, the patriot uti l the j merchant, will be united in die same person. II a the Medici of modern Italy, while they acquired . incalculable wealth, added a princely bistro to .j llicir house, by embarking on such a field of en , lerprizo, what citizen of our republican Stales . should Vesilale to blend, in die ensigns armorial j of bis family, the tides of patriot ami merchant, . when ho is animated fry die noble purpose ol 1 rescuing bis country from a stale of commercial dependence, as degiu ling to her character as it is injurious to her proaporly ! Every political community sh id I endeavor, to undo within itsult, and have under ilh own control, as far as circumstances will permit, j all the clomiMiU of national wealth. The wealth of the staple growing Slates, is deriv ed almost exclusively from agricultural pro ! ductimiP, which find their market prim ipnlly ! in foreign countries. It is the demand of that - market chiefly which gives them ihoir value ‘ and I tom that market wo obtain most of the - various commodities required fur our con r sumption. 2 1' ore gn commerce, therefore, is an element of our wealth, scarcely less essential than agriculture itself. Is it then, compatible with that self praised independence, which ; should belong to every free Stale, to entrust the almost exclusive agency of conducting ■ this groat national interest, to the citizens ot other and distant S ates, who do not reside ' among ns, and who, so far from having any sympathies for us, constrain ns to believe 1 that many of them are deeply prejudiced ' against onr civil institutions? VVc beg you, lellow citizens, to give to this view of the subject that grave mid deliberate considera tion which it so obviously demands: We speak more frein the records of our own sad ’ experience, than from the speculations of ' ilieorv, when wo express opinion, that the 1 commercial independence wo are now seek : mg In establish, is indispensable to the pre servntion of on' political independence. Can ’ it be believed, that the enormous and oppres sor,* impositions of tlio protective sy.-icrn would have b en so long and patiently borne, ’ if our own proper commerce bad been car ’ ned on through our own cities, and by our own merchants! IlTlieso had exported ourag -1 nculttiral staple ,& imported the nmnntactur -1 eu for winch they w> re exchanged, would a ; doubt ever have been entertained that the high duties imposed upon those manufactures with an explicit view to their prohibition, was ’ a burthen specifically laid upon tho pnxlnc ! turns ot our industry, taking just so much ' (rein Iheir vane, compared with the value ot r the B inilar and rival productions of other 1 countries? Would the people of the Aouthern ‘ and tenth Western .States hire submitted, in 1832, to the levy of 21 millions of lederal ' revenue from sixty millions of their imports, 1 lobe carried offand disbursed in distant ' communities, making •■our birreness an in s veutory to particularize their abundance?” v Yet all this, and more, did wo patiently B . endure for years; many ot us, owing to the ls confusion of ideas resulting from the d sjoint -8 ed condition of our foreign commerce, doubt mo w hether the burthen was not a benefit I conferred upon ns by a parental government, i- Let this fatal separation of onr agriculture r- and our commerce, nod the unn ilural alliance e vviiich lias been productive of such peruic - iuus fruits, exist no longer. “It cannot come e to good.” :e We ought never to forget, what we have too 1- many painful proofs that ulliers will not, that wo n aru distinguished from our Northern confede H, rates, by peculiar domestic and civil institutions, 1- which are inseparably identified with our great id staple productions, and whieh wo hold to be ab- i solulely exempt Irom all foreign scrutiny or imerferenco whatever. Ami however wo may deprecate the event of a disemberment of oar ■ confederacy, we cannot be blind to the existence ol causes which make it one of Ihe possible con tingencies lor winch it is tho part of wisdom to provide. In such an event, our foreign commerce as now carried on, would bo thrown iu'o utter derangement. This commerce as well as our agriculture, should bo tarried on by those who i have an interest in tho preservation of our insti tutions, and who, in the case of a political ton- I vutsion, would sock no distant refuge or separate destiny. f Conclu'ltd on second page.) COMMERCIAL. “-—l** I ——--- - CHARLESTON MAKKK r. KEB. til. Cotton— We received since our last to yesterday morning, inclusive, 458 bales sea island, and 10741) bo cs uplaml cotton. Cleared in the same time 285 hales sea island and 7511 ball's of upland cotton. Cn ship board, n«t cleared, 470 bates sea island and 91,37 bales opium! eotion. The sales Uu\a h'.'cn fills? bales upland at Irom 8 to 111 els. In , long cotton, Uj bib s common to fine, 21 a5O cents , mid upwards, and 22 stained at 17 cents. Tho market cun tinned heavy lor every description of uplaml, until yesterday, when purchasers evinced a disposition to operate generally at a reduction on last week's prices from 1 u i cent. Sea island r«- mains without any alteration in prices. MAH 1MI01), In Houston county, on Thursday evening, the Blli ol Fell,, by the Bov; Mr. Humphries, Mr, Alfukii M. (Jliktt, formerly of Columbia cb., to Miss Mart Ann, eldest daughter of Hugh Allen, ol km til county. OBITUARY. Died, on tho morning of the 14th inst., at Waynesboro’, Mrs Sarah I*. Marsh, consort ol Mulford Marsh, Esq., in ilib 20th ycarnf her age; alter a protracted and painful illness, which she boio with Christian fortitude, fully teiving upon tho promises of tho Redeemer. Mr*. M. was for several years a respectable and truly pious member of tho Methodist Episcopal Church, rite recorder of this obituary notice bad tho pleasure of an acquaintance with this excellent woman, and lie is aware, that ha Joiii her but poor justice, when ho says, she was all that woman should be; tho amiable wife, the lender mother, the loving sister, and the faith ful fi cnjl. T. CCj’ f'he Editors of the Savannah papers, Plainfield Union, and Rahway Advocate, N, J., will please copy the above. fi ■ lie mxnyrf. e—nrn wmr— —■mmmmmamm UNITED STATES MAI I, LINE. fS3 J .Vf*K3» "1 ho cnbscriber has taken g tho contract for carrying the /ua United States rMail between /Ipalachicola. Florida and [aSan.iiaSml®flßCSaiiraitiliriilgo, Ga. per steam * boa's, and have selected lor that purpose,the fast i and staunch stcinu r Free Trader, winch js (jc | knowlndged to he onoof the (leotost boats on' ilia river .dt li dnhridg.- the float intersects with the Mage l ine running from Augusta to Mobile and ' Now-Orleans, on what is Known as tho lower route, and also the 'lino thinning IVuiii Gourgia to I Toilaliass-o, and will t.liord to travellers an easy i and sale conveyance to iho pints of Iho Cull' of . Mexico, and with greater aiweivnl iipedition than I can he obtained by any other r min. '1 he Free Tra der has been thoroughly oveilianlc I, and will afford * every accoininodalion lor die coinlorl end convcni- I cnee of pnssongent, usually found in packet boat* )' of tlie first class. Tb s mrai g mint lias already linen some time in operation, anil the trips hat e been e purformud much wtllii.i the 'h mr.r prase.ibed, and I lo tha satisfaction of all p-iriicrf. 'J'lMF.il OF DKt'AnTLRK. The Free Trader will leave At-alncliicola every 1 Sunday ami Wednesday at II o'clock I’. M. and reach Rainbndge tho next day at 9o'clock P M. » On returning flij vviil leave llainbridgo every [ Tuesday and Friday nt 4 o'clock P. M ami arrive at Apalachicola, iA 10 o’clock the next day. A.T. SEN NETT, i fob 2fi wlm OS i A(III UK A BUIS to an order of the I foil the a Inferior Coma of Scriven county, while kit ling ns a court ol ordinary, w ill be sold on the first Tuesday in May next, heloio tbo Court House door in ibo villago of Jacksonburo, between tho usual hours of kiilo. ilia billowing property to witi A tract of Pino Land, lying in said conniy, coiuaining one hundred and suveHly-lwo acres, more or less, adjoining lands i f James O Colowine, | Gravil liovill, ami oiliors. Also, a Negro Mail by die name of I onnno, all belonging to iht ««- t late of Willinm 11 Hopson, deceased—sold for tho bene II - ol lb' boils and creditors of said estate. . fob 26, JB3B v.id MQBEB N. rtPOAI L Ex'r. AG i! EEA HI,II to an order ol die Inferior /» Court of llin Itn eoiinty, whilo selling lor or- I rlinory purposes, will be Hold to dm I.igliest bidder t on dio first Tuesday in Juno next, at the court lioMss in Wriglushoro', between tbn n.ual hours ' idsde, the following properly lo wit.- four Ne groes, Sam, (inmimr-r, Mary, Fanny, and Two hundred and fifty Acres of Land, morn or le»s, adjoinin ' lands ol A Telfair ami enisle of Henry Utley; also Three Inmdreil acres o< Land, more or less, ndji ining I (uncock and estate of II Utley; also. Pour hundred and seventy (470) acres of Land, more or less,adjoining Per ry and Telfair, belonging to the estate oi Henry Utley. Into <d liniko enmity, deeased, su’d lor th* benefit of the heirs an 1 creditors of said deceas'd Terms on the day of sale; purchaser to pay for titles Feb 21 45wld IVM UTLEY, GREEN U TLEY, AdnTr of Henry Utley, deceased. EAGLE TAVERN, Newnan, Coweta County, Georgia. *9’HE subscriber informs his friends, and the 8 public gen rally, (hat be has purchased the above named Tavern, formerly occupied by Uapt. William U. Anderson, and hopes, hy the attention ho will h si ov upon his House, lo merit the patron-) age of a gonerou* public. lUs House is undergoing repairs, and will soon bo prepared to accommodate in the host manner, all llinso who may give him a call. His table w ill be furnished with lliebcst the country affords; his bar with ihe choicest liquors, and hi* stables wild attentive and careful ostlers, feh 15 3ltv W. W.SELMAJV. SEALED PROPOSALS, rgtO hnild a Court llou.se in the village of l,ei. 3 ington, ol granite, 28 feet high, 50 feet long, and 41 feet wide, with a bipod roof covered with shingles, a portico iii front, and a passage through the lower story, dividing it into four offices, will be received until ilia last Saturday in February next- A plan ofiha building must accompany the propo sals. Address, AII FORT, Chairman of the llonnl of Cmnmissioneis, jau 15 11-.wtd Lexington C. H. So.("^ Law Police. I rj'UIF, iicdersigiied having united in Pie praetic - ~ I 9 ol iho LAW,offer their services to ihe public ! They "ill attend the courts of Muscogee, Marion, ■ I Stewart, Randolph, Early, Raker, Leo and Sumter, ! of the Chuimhunclioe Circuit; Houston, of the Hint i Circuit; aoil Twiggs, Pulaski, Lowndes, 1 hornas, ’ I Decatur and Dooly, of the Southern Circuit, cu ! 1 siues-s entrusted to their care will meet w-nh prompt • attention Their office is in America,, Sumter -1 county, where ono of them mav always be found ! 1 when not absent on business. WARRE^ VVM 11 CRAWFORD. Di ortlU 2: " Wl > - J NOTICE.— The undesigned harm* ‘ , |j i associated m the practice of Law at Warren * (,'co , respectfully lenders their professional ~r--to -to tho public. They will attendl Court, .a 0 ,he counties ol Hancock, Taliaferro. Wilke* and .. Warren, o*' the Northern Circuit; and Columbia, oi the Middle. All business intrusted td tbera, will , meet w ith prompt atte..mm.p Hiv 1 EDMUND w. BUTT. p Warrenfen,Ga., Feb. J<-