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R " ILIIA ‘ E - J<>>lliS - AUGUSTA, Blip., BATPRPAT MWKMIKG MABCH 84, IS3H. [Trl-Weckly.]-V„l. 11.->o 30. j Published ft« ILY ’ TRI-WEKKLY AND WEEKLY, ? I At Afo. Broad Street, « Birins.— Daily pnt>ei, Ten Dollars per annum f ■ivance. Tri-weoVly paper, at Sir Dollars in vr ■flea °r*even at / l lc end of the year. Weekly three dollar*; n advance, or lour at the end Mte year. KhRONICLK AND SENITNKL | AI GIIST i. I I’rW.ny Morning, March 23. ■rite population of the town of Athens in this Be as appears by the census just taken is 3007, N_V>uling white and black. j I have received nothing further ftom the r B ction in New Hampshire, than we gave in f,/ tcrday’s paper. We commence to-day the publication of the /jpeecb of Mr. Calhoun, on the Sub-Treasury ill, and shall conclude it as soon as our limits dll permit. Wa shall publish also those of Mr, 'lay and Mr. Webster, on the same subject.— We desire that both sides should be fairly heard, md that public opinion should be formed bn'the merits of the bill, upon the best reasons which can be given for and against it. On Wednesday last, the Coroner was called to hold an inquest over the body ol a female slave, the property of the lion. John P. King, by the name of Charlotte. After the examination of witnesses the jury brought in their verdict •‘‘that the deceased came to her death by the dis charge of a pistol by a man of the name of Wooster.” (This, says the Constitutionalist, is another evidence of the evils which must result from cur 'feting deadly weapons about the person. Had <*«»ot Wooster had a pistol about him, he would not have been the cause of the death of an innocent person. When will our young men rid themselves of this barbarous, cowardly cus tom! Here is a young man in the bloom of life, with an education we understand, of the first or der, for the rash act of one moment, compelled to suffer the torments of a smitten conscience for the remainder of his life, and for what! for car rying unlawful weapons about his person. We hope this will prove a warning to those who are in the habit of carrying pistols and dirks about them. Wooster was arrested on Tuesday morning and carried before a magistra le on two counts— the first fur an assault and battery on one of bur city officers, the second for murder. Ho was found guilty and bound over on the first'indict ment in the sum of $5000; on the second tic was refused bail, and was remanded to prison, to await the decision of the judge. On Wednesday. Judge Schley, in chamber, heard the arguments in favor and against the defendant, andmitted him to bail in the sum of $3OOO. This case we believe, comes under one of the laws passed at the recent session of our legisla ture, prohibiting the carrying of deadly w capons, and we hope the proper officers will see it rigidly enforced. ( [cOM.MUXICATBn.] F Poetasters, who scribble rhyme for the news papers, arc requested not to borrow mottos from the old ode of the subscriber, unless they can, in the first place, give enough of a quotation to make something like sense, 2d. Quote correctly what they do quote. And 3d. If they will butcher the Greek, by putting it into Human letters, at least spell the words so as to come within gun shot of the original sound Axacbeox. N Further extracts of Foreign news received by the Express Mail yesterday morning. , j flunk ofEuglhnd. t s Quarterly average of the weekly liabilities and assetts of the Hank of England from the 4th November, 1837, to 6lh Feb: 1838. Liabilities. Asseits. £lB,2o6,d)'(W Securities 22,509,000 Heposites, 11,260,000 Bullion, 9,543,000 29.473,000 32,112,000 Downing street, Feb 8, 1838. A comparison with the lust accounts shows an increase in the circulation of £305,000; an in crease in the deposiles of 274.000; a decrease in the securities of 37,000; and increase in the bulli-m of 648,000. Three o’clock—Consols for the account 02.-j. Spoilt. The civti Orair still drags its slow length along. —Esparlero had a skirmish—or perhaps a fight with theCarUstn, bn the 31st of Jannary, and Leon “bit them again” on the 271 h. Th'o affairs of Don Carlos seem to be growing desperate. The old story is revived, of iVcgociations for a mar riage of his son with the young Queen. Oh the other hand, the Rothschilds arc said to be mak ing negocialions with the Queen’s government for a large WAiV, to be secured on the quicksilver mines of Almeda &c. The Madrid journals arc to the lllh of Feb bruary, and Bayonne of the 14lh. Reports were received by the Madrid Cabinet, from the provincial authorities stating that inconsequence of the onlrages committed in various districts, it was found necessary to proclaim martial law inSc ville Cordova, Cadiz, and Huelva. On the sth, the Christinos, under the command of General Laureno Sanz, Brig Pardinos, and Col. Urbino, tell in with the united bands of Bastilo, Tollada, and Palillos, near Üboda, when the rebels were defeated, with the loss of many killed and wounded and 483 prisoners, including twelve Carlist officers and a chief of distinction. I’rancc. The news from this kingdom, and the contin ent generally, is of little importance. The Cham ber of Deputies had been engaged, several days, in a sharp debate on the very grave questior whether the deputies should or should not weai a distinctive costume, us they did in the reign u Charles X. A vote in favor of the costume was taken on the 6th, but reconsidered and reverses on the 7th—which the opposition papers seem t< look upon as a great triumph. The King had a large dinner parly on Sundai the 4th; among the guests were Mr. aud Mrs Stevenson. The Momtcur of Feb.-8 contains certain brdi nances for the regulation of the judicial tribunal in Algiers. er as ily nd mg: ■at, dej of] From the Southern Post, March 20. Macon Kuces.—First day. reuse $250 .MILK UK ATS. Thomas Neal’s c f Adjarra Harrison, 1 2 1 Hammond & Lovell’s c f Eclipsia, 2 12 A. A Jeter, (J Herring’s) b g Title - 2 dr Time, lmsl)s—lin 52s—Iw 575. Mr. Webster’s Speech. —A private cor respondent of the New York Commercial thus speaks of Mr. Webster’s great speech; Washington, Monday evening, March 12. Mr. Webster has spoken today from one to half past four—didactive, argumentative, perspicuous and powerful. The speech on the sub-Treasury question, and probably the epeecb cf nta life. Not yet finished" he will conclude to-morrow. lam not acquainted With Mr. Legare of South Carolina.—l saw 1 him however an attentive listener through the whole speech, sitting next to Mr. Calhoun, and T. heard him say as he passed through the passage to the rotunda, “Mr Webster is /the greatest speaker of the world—l have oeen all the prominent statesmen in England the debaters in France, and elsewhere in Eu rope, but take hiin all in. all, Mr. V, ebster has no equal in this or any other country.” There was no attempt at display of oratory or eloquence, but the exposition was as clear as light, and the argument beyond escape. Custom House Officers. —The Com ' ifnitee on Commerce have submitted to Con gross a report on the subject ot regulating the compensation of Custom House Officers. A bill to define the number, duties, and compen sation of the officers, accompanies the report. The committee propose an entire change in the present system, as under it there is a great inequality ai d disproportion in the rales of compensation to different officers, compared with their respective duties ari?, responsibili ties. The principle part of the compensation cl the primary class of officers is derived from fees on entrances clearances, and commis sions on duties. The bill proposes to estab lish regular salaries for the different officers of the customs, dividing the collection districts into eight classes for that purpose; and to make some changes in the number and du ties Os the officers at some of the ports, redu cing the number of clerks about forty less than proposed in the bill of last session. The title of Comptroller of the Customs is to be substi tuted for that of Naval Officer, as mere de scriptive of the duties to be performed. The salary proposed for the Collector of New York fa $5OOO Deputy 3000,15 t and 2d assistant deputies 2000 each ; Comptroller 3000, IF puty do. 2000 ; Surveyor 2500, Dep uty do. 2000; three Appraisers 2250 each; four Assistant do. 1250 each ; thirty five clerks at salaries of 1200 to 2000; sixty 700 i to 1000 each ; and twepfy four 400 to 600 ; each; twenty bine weighers and guagers at : 1500 each, two hundred ih'dpecWs at 1250 each tidily four at §3 a day and two hi $4OO and 800 each. — N. Y. Express. 1 * ' “ .• I . The last shift. —The New York Commer cial Advertiser gives the following fact, asdemon j strativc of the desperate length to which the i drunkard will go te procure the fatal bane of his existence; “In the course of the investigations of 1 the Third Ward Committee for the relief of the poor, tfje'y last week became acquainted with an incident illustrative of the love of rum, which forms itself is only parallel. The poor drunken woman, having dispose! of every thing she could lay her hands upon for drink, was reduced to po sitive despair of the means of obtaining liquor. But she had yet too garments upon her thirsty body, an outer and an inner. She went to a grocery for a dram; hut Tailing to obtain it with out pay, stepped aside a moment, and leturncd to the counter with her chemesc in her hands, which she was the wretch to pawn; and, we be lieve, the dram seller the wretch to take. This may be truly called the “last shift for liquor.” speech of am. caLhoun Os South Carolina, on the Sub-Treasury Bill delivered in the .Senate Os thr United Slater, February 15f/r, 1838. I regard this measure', which has been so much denounced, as very little more than an attempt to carry out the provisions of the ! joint resolution of 1816, and the deposite act ot 1836. The former provides that no notes but those of specie paying banks shall be re ceived in the dues of the Government, and the latter that such banks only shall be the depositories of the public revenues and fiscal agents of the Government; but it omitted to make provisions tor the contingency of a ge neral suspension of specie payments, such as is the present. It followed, accordingly, on the suspension in May last, which totally se parated the Government and the banks, that the revenues were thrown in the hands of the Executive, where it has since remained under its exclusive control, without any legal pro vision for its safe-keeping. The object of this bill is to supply this omission; to take the public Money Out of the hands of the Execu tive and place it under the custody of the laws, and to prevent the renewal of a connex ion which has proved so Unfortunate to both the Government and the banks. But it is this measure, originating in an exigency cau sed by our own acts, and that seeks to nuke the most of a change effected by operation of law, instead of attempting to innovate, or to make another experimefit, as has been erron eously represented; which has been denoun ced under Hie name of the Sub-lredsUry with such unexampled bitterness. In lieu of this bill, an amendment has been offered, as a substitute, by the Senator from Virginia, furthest from the chair, [Mr. Rives,] which he informs Us is the first choice of himself and those who agree with him, and the second choice of those with whom ho is allied on this question. If I may judge from appearances, which ca® hardly deceive, he might have said their first choice, under exis ting circumstances; and have added.that de sjfaUing of a Natidfial Bank, the object of their preference; thby have adopted Ins sub ' utitute, as the only practical alternative at pre- I sent. Wc have, then, the (Jucslion thus nars rowed ddwn to tills bill and the proposed | substitute It is agreed on all sides, that one j ' or the other thust be selected, and that to ’ adopt or reject the one; is to reject or adopt 1 the other. The single ljueslion then is, which 1 shall we choose! A deeply momentous qiics r. tion, which wc are now called on to decide in behalf of the States of this Union, and on our . dccibionllieir future destiny must, in a great j degree, depend, so long as their Union en dures. In comparing the relative merits of the twb \ measures, preparatory to a decision, I shall touch very briefly on tile principles and dr - tails of the bill.* The former is well under- J utood by the Senate and the country at large, i and the latter Ims been so ably and lucidly cx plained by llie Chairman of the Committee in Ins opening speech, as to supercede the necessity ot further remarks on them at this stage of the discussion. 1 propose, then, to limit myself to a mere general summary, acn companion by a few brief observations. The object ol the bill, as I have already stas ted,is to take the public funds out of the hands of the Executive, where they have been thrown by operation of our acts, and to place them under the custody of law; and to provide for a gradual and slow, but a perpetual separation between the Government and the banks. It proposes to extend the process of separating to the year 1845, receiving during the first year of tlie series the notes of such banks as may pay specie, and thereafter the amount receivable in notes one sixth annually, till the separation shall be finally consummated at the period mentioned. The provisions of the bill ore the most sim ple and effectual that an able committee could devise. Four principal receivers, a few clerks, and a sufficient number of agent's to exam ine the stale of the public funds, in order to see that all is right, at an annual charge, not exceeding forty or fifty thousand dollars at most, constitute the additional officers, and expenditures required, toperlimn all the fimcv tions heretofore discharged by the banks, as depositories of the public money and fiscal agents of the Treasury. This simple appar» alus will place the public Treasury on an in dependent footing, and give to the Govern ment, at all liu.es, ascertain command of its funds to meet the engagements, and preserve its honor and faith inviolate. If it be desira ble to separate trom the banks, the Govern ment must have some independent agency of its own to keep and disburse the uublic reve nue; and it it must have such an agency, none. in.my opinion, can b« devised” more simple, nwfp economical, more effectual and safe than that provided by this bill. It ‘is the necessary result of the separation, and to re ject it, without proposing a better, (if, indeed ! a better can be,) is to reject the separation itself. , I turn now to Ih.t? substitute. Its object is directly the reverse of that of the bill. It proposes to revive the league of State banks and to renew our connexion with them, and which all acknowledge has contributed so much to corrupt the community, and to cre ate a spirit lor speculation, heretofore unex ampled m our history. The Senator in offering it, whether wisely or not, has at leaal acted consistently. He was its advocate at first in 1834 when the al ternative was between it and thu re-charter of the late Bank of the United States. He then defended it zealous and inanfu ly against the fierce assaults of his present allies, as he now defends it, when those who then siisi teined him, have abandoned the measure. Wnether wisely or not, there is something heroic in his adherence, and I commend him for it; but, I fear 1 cannot say as.iViuch for his wisdom and discretion, lie acknowledged, with all others, the disasters that have follow. ed the first experiment, bet attribute,} the failure to inauspicious circumstances, and in sists tiiat the measure has nut had a fair trial. \ I grant that a second experiment may suc ceed, after the first has failed; but the Sena ator must concede, in return, that every fail ure must necessarily weaken confidence, both in the experiment and the experimenter. Ho cannot.be moie confident in making this sc corn! trial, than he was in the first; and, if I doubted the success then, and preferred the Sub-treasury to his league of banks, he must excuse me for stil adhering to my opinion, and doubling the success of his second trial. Nor ought he to be surprised, that those who joined him in the first should be rather shy of trying the experiment again, after having been blown into the air, and burnt and scald ed by the explosion. But, if the Senator lias been unfortunate in failing to secure the co operation of those who aided him in the first trial, lie has been compensated by securing the support of those who were then opposed to him.. They are now his zealous supporters. In contrasting their course ilicn anil now, 1 intend nothing personal'. I make no charge of inconsistency’, nor do 1 intend to imply it. My object is truth, and not to wound the fee lings ot any one or any party. 1 know that to make out a charge of inconsistency, not only the question, but all the material circum stances must be the same. A change in eith er, may make a change of vole necessary) and, with a material variation in circumstan ces, we are often compelled to vary ourcouisc in order to preserve our principles, in this case, I conceive, that circumstances as far as the present allies of the Senator are concerned have materially changed. Then the option was between a re-charter. of the late bank, and a league of State banks’; and now the for- 1 mer is out of the question, and the option is 1 between such a league and a total separation from the hunks. This being the alternative they may well take that, which they rejected in 1834, without subjecting themselves, to the charge of inconsistency, or justly exposing themselves to the imputation ot change of ' principle, or opinion. 1 acquit them then, of j all such charges. They doubtless think now, as they formerly did, of the measure, which they then denounced and rejected, hut wh ch a change of circumstances now compel them , to support. Bat in thus acquitting them ol the charge of inconsistency, they must excuse , me, if I should avail myself of the fact, that , their opinion remains unchanged, as an argu- , ment in favor of the bill —against the substi- , lute. The choice is between them. They are in the opposite scales. To take from the : one is in effect, to add to the other ; and any i objection against the one, is an argument i equally strong in favor of the ollierl f then i do avail myself of their many powerful ob- i jeclions in ’34 against the measure, which 1 this substitute proposes now to revive. Ica l 1 to my aid, and press into my service every j denunciation they then uttered, and every ' argument they then so successfully urged against it. Tlieji; no, we (for 1 was then, as j uow,irreconcileably opposed to the measure,) charged and proved what weeharg-, cd, that it placed the purse and the sword in | the same hands; that it would be the source j of boundless patronage and corruption, and j fatal in lis consequences to llie currency ol' I the Country and 1 now avail rnysclt of these, j and all other objections, then urged by us, in j as full lorce against this substitute, as it you | were again to rise in your places and repeat) them uOw; and u( course, as Be thany argu ments in elfect, in favor ot thd bill; and on , their strength 1 claim your yote ui its favor,; 1 unless, indeed, still stronger objections can 'j bo urged against it. J say stronger, because ■ i time has proved the truth of all that was said 1 > against the measure now proposed to be rovi-j • ved by tins substitute. What was then pre- ) • TV diction is now fact, But whatever objcc tions have been, or tuaf po,, urged against the bill, however strong they may appear in ar gument, remain yet to be tested by the un erring test of time and experience. Whether they shall ever be realized must bo admitted even by those who may have the greatest confidence in them, to be at least uncertain* and it is the part of wisdom and prudence, where objections are equally strong against two measures, to prefer that which is yet un tried, to that which has, been tried and failed. Agaippt this conclusion there is but one escape. ’ It may be said, that we are sometimes compelled in the midst of the many extraor dinary circumstances in which we may be placed, to prefer that, which is of itself the more objectionable, to that which is less so; because the former may more probably lead, in the end, to some desired result, than the latter. TO apply,the principle to this case, it may be said that the substitute, though of itself objectionable, is tp,,bp preferred,be cause it would more probably lead to the establishment ot a National Bank, than the bill which you to be the only certain remedy for all thtp disorders that affect the currency. 1 admit the position to tc nound; in principle, but it ison'e exceedingly bold and full of danger in practice, and ought never to he acted on, but in extreme caflos, and where there is a rational prospect ot accomplishing the object ultimately aimed at. The tion, in this case, I must think, would bo rash ness itself. It may be safely assumed, that the success of either, which ever may bond opted, the bill, or the substitute, would be fatal to the establishment of a National Bank. It can never put down a successtul measure to take its place; and, ot course, that which is most likely to tail, and re-plunge the country into all the disasters of a disordered currency, is that which would most probably lead to the restoration of a National Bank; and to prefer the substitute on that account is, in fact, to prefer in because it is the worst of the two. But arc you certain that another explosion would be followed by a bank? We have alrea dy had two; and it is far more probable, that the third would impress umvcrally and indeli bly, on the public mind, that there was some thing radically and incurably wrong in the system, which would blow up the whole con cern, National Bank and all. If 1 ip ay bo ptemiUed to express in opinion, I woqjtl say, you have pursued a course on this .subject unfortunate both for yourselves and country. You areoppossed both to the leaguj of banks, and the Sub treasury. You prefer a Naiional Bank; and regard it aa the only safe and certain regulator ot the curren cy, but consider it, tor the present, out of the question, and are therefore compelled to choose between the other two. By support ing the substitute, you will be held responsi ble for all the mischief and disasters that may follow the revival of the pel bank system, as it has been called, with the almost certain defeat of yo'ar first and cherished choice; and ,those you oppose jwill reap all the bunetits of the power, patronage and influence, which it may place in,,their hands, without, incurring and portion^!'t,he respoinbility', Cut that is not all. The success of the substitute would be the defeat of the bill, which would, f in hko manner, place on you thereeponsibilify of its defeat, ami give those yon oppose,all the ad. vantage of having supported it without any of the responisbility.thal would have belonged to it, had it been adopted, .ifed a course been taken—-had yon joined in aiding to extend the custody of the Jaws over the public revenue, in the hands of the idxccu live, where your own acts have placed it, and lor which you, of course, are responsi ble, throwing the blame at the same time, on those to whom you attribute the present dis orded state of the currency, the burthen of the responsibility, you would have stood ready to profit by events. If the Sub treasuty, con irury to your anticipation, succeeded,! us patriots, you would have cause to rejoice in the unexpected good. If it failed, you would have the credit of having anticipated the result, and might then alter a double triumph of sagacity and foresight, have brughl tor ward your favorite measure with a fair pros* pect of success, when every other had failed. By not taking this course, yon have lust the only prospect of establishing a National Bank, Nor lias your course, in my opinion, boon for tunate for the country. Had it been different, tbe currency Question would have been decided at Lie called session; and had it been decided then, the country would this day have been in a much belter condition; at least the manufactur ing- and commercial section to the North, where tbe derangement of the currency is felt the most severely. The South is comparatively in an easy condition. t Such are the difficulties that stand in the way of ihc substitute at the very thiesbhold. — Those beyond arc vastly greater, as I shall now proceed to show. Its object, a* I have stated, is to revive the league < f Slate Banks, and the first question presented for consideration is, how is this to he done—how is the league to be formed] how stimulated into life when termed; and what after it has been revived, would bo the true character of the league or combination l To answer these questions we must turn to its pro visions. It provides, that the Secretary of‘.he Treasury shall select twenty five sjiccic paying banks, as the fiscal agents of the government, ell to be respectable and substantial, and that the selection shall he confirmed by the joint vole of the two Houses, It also provides, that they shall be made tbe depositories of the public money, and that their notes shall he receivable in ihc dues of the government; and that in turn, for these advantages, they shall stipulate to perform cer tain duties, and comply with various conditions, the object of which is, to give to the Secretary of the Treasury full knowledge of their condition and business; with the view to supervise and control their acts, as far as the interest of the government is chncerued. In addition to these, it contains other and important provisions, which I shall not enumerate, because they do not fall within the scope of the objectlolU that I propose to urge against the measure. Now 1 ask what dues »!l this amount to!— What hut a proposal on tlic part of (he govern ment to enter into a contract, or bargain, with certain selected states Banks, on the terms and conditions contained. Have wc a right to make such h bargain is the first qustion; and to that, I give h. decided negative, which I hope to place on constitutional grounds, that cannot he shaken. I intend to discuss it, with other questions grow, mg out of the connection of the goverwent with i tbe batiks, as a new question the first timo pre sented for conrideration and decision. Strange as it may seem, the questions growing out of it, ! as long a» it has existed, have never yet been ; presented sor investigated in reference to their | constitutionality, flow this has happened, f ■ shall now proceed to explain, preparatory to (he ! culmination ot the question, which I have pro ■ (tosed. r The union of the government am) the hanks • was never legally solemnized. It originated 1 shortly alter the government went into operation, ; 1,01 “ny legal enactment, but in a short order ol lho Treasury Department of not much more than a half a dozen of lines, as If it were a mere ; tnalter el course. We thus glided imperceptibly , into a connection, which was never recognised by law lilt 1816, (if my memory serves,) but , which has produced, more important after consc i and has a greater control over the des tiny of this country, than any one of the mighty questions, which have po.pften and deeply agi tulcd the country. To it traced, as their seminal principle,, thp, vast antj ,extraordinary expansion of our banking, system, our excessive import duties, unconstitutional, and profuse d.s bursements, the protective Tariff, and its associa ted system for spending what it threw into the Treasury, foflqvyed in lime hy a vast surplus, which the utmost extravagance of the government could not dissipate, and finally by a sort of rctri butivc justice, theexphsion of the entire banking system, and the present pr«(itt;afeil condition ol the currency, now the subject of our deliberation. How a measure fraught with such import ant j consequences should at (iral, and for so long a lime should have cscapud the attention and the investigation of the public, deserves a passing notice. It is to be explained hy the false concep tion the entire subject ol banking, which at the early period universally prevailed iu (ho commu nity. So erroneous was it, that a hank note was then identified In the mind of tho public with gold and silver, and a deposit*/ in bank was re garded, as under the most safe and sacred custo dy, that could be devised. The original impres sion, derived from (bo bank of Amsterdam, where every note, or certificate in circulation, was ho ncstly represented by an equal and specific quoit tily of gold or silver in bank, and where every deposile, was kept as a sacred trust, to be safely returned to the depository, when demanded, was extended to hanks of discount, do,w'i) to the time of the formation of our Go vein pent, with hut slight modifications. With this impression, it is not at all eXtfa«Krdirlary that the deposito of the revenue in banks for safe keeping, and the re ceipt of their notes in the public duos, should be considered, a matter ot course, requiring no higher authority than a Treasury order; and i hence a connection, with all the imporlat ques lions belonging to it and now considered of vast magnitude, received so little notice, till public , attention was directed to it hy i s recent rupture. z his total separation from the system, in which , wo now find ourselves placed, lor the first time, , authorises ami demands, that wo shall investigate 1 freely and fully, nut only thu consequences of i (I* l3 connection, hut all the questions growing ’ i Pf i*. ">ore especially those of a constitution , a l character; and I shall in obedience to this j demand return to the question from which this digression has carried mu so far. Have we then the right to make the hagain ' proposed? Have wc ths right to bestow the high privileges, I might say, prerogatives, on them of being, made the depositories of the public reve -1 nue, and of having their notes received and trea -1 led as gold and silver in the dues of the Govern ■ ment and in all its fiscal transactions? Have we 1 the right to do all this in order to bestow confi ! JfiDOei jij. the banks, with the view to enable s them to resume specie pay met) fs? What ta the i state of the case? The batiks arc deeply indeht j cd to the country, and are unable to pay; and wc s are asked to give them these advantages, in or . dcr to enable llientj to pay their debts. Can wo f grant the boon? In answering this important , question, I begin with (ho fact, that our Govern t merit is one of limited powers, it can exorcise . po right but what is specifically granted; nor puss ! any law, but what is necessary , and proper to carry such power into effect. This small pamph let (holding it up) contains tho Constitution.— Its grants of power are few apd plain; and I ask gentlemen to torn to it, gnd 'point out the pow or, (hat authorises us to do what is proposed to he done, or to show that,,to pass this substitute, is necessary to carry any of the granted powers into effect.lf neither can he shown, what is pro posed, cannot be constitutionally done; and (ill it is specifically pointed out, I am warranted in believing, that it cannot he shown. Our mason is often confounded by a mere name. An act, in tho minds ol many, may be come of doubtful constitutional authority, when applied to a bank, which none would, for a mu> ment, hesitate to pronounce grossly unconstitu tional, when applied to an individual, '(’o free ourselves from this illusion, I ask, would this Government constitutionally bestow on indivi duals, or a private association, tho advantages proposed to lie bestowed on the selected bank-, in order to enable them to pay their debts? Is there one who hears me, who would venture to say, yes, even in tho case of the most extensive merchant or mercantile concern, such as some of those in New Turk, or New Orleans, at the late suspension, whoso embarrassments involved en tire sections in distress? Hut, if not, on what principle can a discrimination be made in favor of the banks? They are local institutions, crea ted hy the -States for local purposes, composed, like private associations, of individual citizens, on whom the acts ot the State cannot confer a particle of constitutional right under this consti tution, that does not belong to the humblest citi zen. So far from it, if there be a distinction, it is against the banks. They are removed farther trorn the control of this Government than (he individual citizens, who,by the Constitution, are expressly subject to the direct action of this Go vernment in many instances; while the State hanks, as constituting a portion of the domestic ins ilutions of the .Stales, and resting on their reserved rights, are entirely beyond our control; so much so, as not to he the subject of a bankrupt law, although the authority to pass one is ox prcssly granted hy the constitution. On what possible ground, then, can the right of the question he placed, unless, indeed, on thu broad principle that these local institutions, in tended lor -State purposes, have been so extend ed and have so connected themselves with tho general circulation and business of the country, as to effect the interest of thu whole community, so as to make it the right and duty of Congress to regulate them; or, in short, on the broad prin ciple of the general welfare? There is none other, that I can perceive: hut this would be to adopt tho old and exploded principle, at all times dangerous,but pre-eminently so at this time,whan such looso and dangerous conceptions of the constitution are abroad in the land. If the ar gument is good, in one case., it is good in all si milar razes. If this Govertl|tient may interfere with any one of tho domestic institutions of the Hlatcs, on tho ground of promoting ll;c general welfare, it may with others. !f it may bestow privileges to control them, it may also appropri ate money for the same purpose; and thus a door might be opened to an interference with State institutions, of which woof a certain section ought at this time to be not a littlbjcglous. / Th* xrgumaot might (>e poshed raucli fanhs.? We oot truly offer to confer great and important privileges on tho |’»nk« io ho selected, but, in tuttyasltthem to otipulateto comply with certain conditions, tho oHect o| which is to.bring them ’ under the supervision and control cf this Go vy v ' / .■. e lt might he asked, where is the right “ to purghnae or assume such supervision, or con. troH It might he repeated, that they are State « institutions, incorpora,cd solely for Stale purpo- J sea, and to bc.eOtWy under State control, and ,: Iliul all aupervimon on aur part is in violation of r the rights of the Stales. It might he argued that ; such supervision or control, calculated to j weaken the control of the Stales over their oivu institutions, and to render them less subservient I' 10 their pecnliaf, and local interests, for the pro. t motion of which.they were established; and too subservient to other, and, perhaps conflicting interests, which might feel hut little sympathy with those of the States, lint I forbear. Other, and not'lcM urgent objections claim my alien tton. I o dilate 100 much on one, would neces sarily sacrifice the claim of others. To he Continued. |\ OTICK—Kour inonltis utter date, upon cation !' , . ni, J h« made to the honorable Inferior Court , of Lincoln,county, when aming for ordinary par -1 o , '“* ve to " 811 " l' urt iho real estate ut John >VilJingh:ua t docruHCs!. ISAAC WILLINGHAM,') ... NKLSON GARRETT, ( Ad ‘" tri March . r Hh, JB3S. mar 23 4m |V OTIC’K.—AII those indebted to the estate of Jolui Willingham, late ol Lincoln county, do i ce ® Bol J» ,lr « reque«lcd to make nninediuie payment, s niul 'hoMi having claims against the same io pre , sent thom in lonns ol the law. [ ISAAC WILLINGHAM,) . , . NKLSON GARRETT, i lr “- I March slh, IBHB. mar 'JJ w fit months after date, application will he made to the honorable the Inferior Court of llnrko county, when setting Ibr ordinary purposes, lor leavu to sell all the real estate belonging to thu • estate ol John J. Rue,. deceased. A- H. UOE, Administrator. . Waynesboro, 23d March, 1838 4m Georgia, Iturkc County ; TT WIIKUKAS James Holland applies lor let ters ol administration on the estate ol Mary Gridin, deceased. These r-w llureferc to cite and ndmonisli nil and singular, the Kiiyjred atpl ere.Rlurs of the said tie : ceased, to file their lulijetviioiw, if tpiy ificy have, I, within the time prescribed by la tv, m my edic ■, j to shew cause why said loiters should nut be.grunt. , «d. Given under my hand and seal ut odice, in . Waynesboro, this 20th March, 1831 ■ T. 11. BLOUNT, Dep’y. Cl’k. mar 23 1 1 jjAn extraordinary and remarkable cure. Mrs Mary Dillon, olWilliamsburgli, was restored to healthily the use of ibis medicine.—Tim syiiiji toms of fhiis (jostrtssiiig case were ns billows: Total loss of nppeilte, palpitation ol the bean, lunching • of the tendons, with a general spasmodic affection n> the muscles, didicully of breathing, giddinert;, , langour, lassitude, great depression of spirits, yit h I ll|e tear of some iiifponding evil, a seiisarion ol [ fluttering at the pit iff the stomach, irregular tran sient pains in different parts, great ilmuiicipuuoii ’ witli.ullitr symptoms of extreme debility. The above case was pronounced hopeless By i three of the most eminent physicians, and a <iis«..r i hilion ol the pm tent daily awuned lur by her friends, which may he authenticated by thu physieiiiks , who were in attendance. .She has given her elioer ful permiijsiuii to publish lbe ahuvu fuels, mid will also gladly give any information respecting tho * hunelit she lias received to any niiMumog mind.. - MARY DILLON. i- -Mr. Charles Semple, who had been o ofllictod for five years with humoral habitual A.ih nm, applied to Dr Evans on the 4th of Nov. labor, ing under tho following symptoms; A sense’cn u tightness across, the chest, with the greatest drift e culty in breathing, distressing cough, generally ending with copious expectoration ol viscid phlegm., e disturbed rest, the lace turgid ni|d «f a livid hue; . could not lie in a horizontal position, without tho sensntexu c>( immediate suffocation, languor, drow ■ j snmss, und dissolve* m the head, and loss of up -1 pet'lo. , ~ Mr .N. applied to the most eminent physician in . the city, likewise used eovcrnl other remedies i without 1 obtaining any jierinniient benefit an- Id Ins friends persuaded lieu o place himself under Dr e.van. treatment, lie is now relieved ol Ins complaint, mid called nt the office yesterday, avowing I hut be |iad not.word*.to-express his groti udolor the benefit he hod received. Knr sale by ANTON V Ac //AINKS. OCT A letter.from Doct, N. I*. Gilbert to l)oet. Evnnl. , Dear Sir .had the immortal Coivpcr known the medical rpiulitieg.xiLlliß' Camomile., Plain, ho ns well ns thousands since (besides, myself) would have experienced its Wonderful efleijlN u p , |„, ner vous system, , 'file public utility of Cow per was blighted m the hud, through I ho, natural olfoct othiu lierveil-. (debility iijsjii ,tlto, mental powers which untile it necessary for him to seek relief be neath the rural shade, Iml the calm retfeul gave hie physical nature no rejM.se. Jl some mm then had known the secret of concentrating tho jnv.dreal vir tues of Die (/amoinille, Die discoverer would have boon, innnorlaliziyl with poetic zeal, us the hunefuc lor of sullen,ig man. The above.finvi) were prompted from the effect I have experienced (rum Dr. Hm. Evans’Camomile fills, \onrs, &c. oIIEL/JKN f. GH.BKKT, i Durham, Green no. N Y. . Another recent test of the unrivalled virtnes of |>r. Wm. Evans’ Medicines.-. nytfa/aia- I'enyears sfmidmg.—Mr. J, McATenzio, wan a mil ;tea with the above ibr i«*ii years, w hich iirqapacialod w ith him ut intervals, for six years, in at, lending to his business, restored to period health, under thu salutary trealmcnt of Dr Win. Evann-. . Iho principal syir.ptoim.fsiere, n sense of disten sion and ojijiressio i after ealing, distressing jiam in the pit of the stonuudi, nausea, imjiaired uppelilo, giddiness, palpitation of the heart, great debility und emaciation, Uejirassiia of spirits, disturbed rest, sometimes, a billions vomiting and jiain H > Iho right side, an cstreme degree of languor and faint ness, any endeuvitf lo pursue, his business causing immediate exaustiun anil weariness. Mr. McKynzia is daily ■ attending his business, and none ol the above symptoms have recurred sines he used the above medicine fie is now a slrong and heslthy. man. j|« resorted lo myriads ol remedies, but they wereull meffeclual. by ANTONY <t ILALVES march 8 Sole agents for Augusta, Geo Asthma, three Years standing. Mr KOHKIt f jVIONKOE, Schuylkill, afflicted with the above distressing malady, .‘syrajiumis Grout languor, flatulency, disturbed rest; nervous bend ache, difficulty ol hrtialhmg, tiglnnsas mid stricture across the breast, dizziness, nervous irrita niliiy and restlessness, could not lie in a horizontal position without the sensation ol impending suffb cation, palpitation of the heart, distressing cough, costivencss, pain in the stomach, drowsiness, graat debility aud deficiency of the nervous energy. Mr. Monroe gave up every thought ol recovery, and dire despair >et on the countenance wf every person interested in bis existence or happiness, till by ac cident ho noticed in a public paper some cures es- Iccivd by JJr •* '» Evans Medicine in his comp'amt which induced him lo jiurcliase a package of the pills, which resulted in completely removing every symptom ot his disease. Ho wishes teeny his mo tives for this declaration is, that those afflicted with the same or any symptoms similar to those from winch he is happily restored, may likewisereceivo the same inestimable benefit. • tot ante by ANTONY &. HAINES. Law Notice., rllllKiicdersigiicd havxiig united in the pruetic I ul tho LAW, offef their services lo the public Thijy "ill attend the courts of M useogec, Marion, Slewirt, Unndoljih, Early, Baker, Lee and Sumter, el.tlja Chatlalioeclioe Cirenit; Houston, ul the Flint Cirouil; and Twiggs, fnlaski, Lowndes, Thomas, Decatur aiitlDool/, of the Soutliem Circuit. Bn » lines* entrusted v> th,«irr«ro will meet with prompt attention ,Thei* offi.-e is in Americur, Sumter county,wha.'.i cue of thom raav always be found i when aof absent on business. I LOTT WARREN. , WM.J] CRAW FORD oof 10 237 wy