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■' y LL- ..i-li-g —I 1 'll-i- M '■ = ■■ WILLIAM E. JONES & Co. AUGUSTA, Ga. SATURDAY MORNING, MAY 25, 1839. Vol lII.— No. 59 »& Tilii Cl! .IJ.WuIiK A \ O SK.VTI.VEL PUBLISHED, daily, tri-weekly, and weekly, At No. Broad-street. TERMS! Daily paper, Ten Dollars per annum, in advance. Tri-Weekly paper, at Six Dollars in advance or Seven at the end of the year. Weekly papir, Three Dollarsin advance,or Four at the end of year. CH' ONICLK AM) SENTINEL. AUGUSTA. FRIDAY MORNING, MAY 24. We invoke an attentive perusal of the speech of Mr. Rives, of Virginia, on tkc bill to prevent the interference of office holders under the Fede ral Government, with the freedom of elections, V the publication of which we commence in to-day’s and will conclude to-morrow. This sub let is getting to be one c' great importance, and deserves the scrtdu ideration of the people of every part of the Union ; and believing so, we could not do better than to occupy our columns with the very able and republican speech of Mr. Rives. It will richly repay with a fund of infor mation, a power of argument and a patriotism of sentiment, the short lime occupied in its perusal. The Constitutionalist still harps about the Van Uuren men of the North being the exclusive friends of the South upon the abolition question. We shall to-morrow serve up for the especial ben efit of our neighbors, one of these very worthy friends, to whom the South is so much indebted- We shall show him up as a sample. Theatre. Mrs. Chapman’s Juvenile Family will give their second evening’s exhibition at the this Evening—when will be performed, “ Victo rine, the Maid of Paris"; to conclude with the farce of the “Young W’idow, or a Lesson for Love s.” Andon to morrow evening,scenes from the *• Tragedy of Douglassto conclude with ijhc farce of the “Spoiled Child.” f __DEBATE IN TJIE n. o. SENATE. Tu siiav, Feb. 12, 1839. INTERFERENCE IN ELECTIONS. The Senate having again taken up the bill in troduced by Mr. Crittenden, to prevent the in terference of certain Fede al officers in elections. Mr. R ves rose and said' The subject now un der consideration w is. in bis hu üble judgment by far the mist imurtantin its bearing on the liberties an I future destinies of tins country which h id occup.ed the deliberations ofConirress for years pist. an 1 wis not surpassed in impor tan ;e, in leed. by aay wli h iid aiscu sin'-e the establishment of the Constitution. It concerns th a vital prin-iple of free go-ernnent itself—the right of the People freely to choose their Repre sentatives. Hitherto, in the theory, at least, ot all pirties this great remedial right of the People had been held to be sacred from all interference on the part of the Government, or any pretension of the agents of Executive power to influence or control its exercise, lint now, for the first time in our history, we have a solemn and elaborate report from one of the leading committees of this body, (the Judiciary Committee,) boldly pro claiming it to be the right and duly of Executive officers to busy themselves in elections, to endea vor to shape and direct public opinion, and to in fluence and control the People, as far as they can in the highest ana mast important function of their sovereignty 1 I confess, (said Mr. R.) when I listened to the reading of this portentous report, same days ago, from the table of your Secretary, I was amazed and bewildered. ’ I could not but ask myself whither hath the mad dominion ot party carried us 1 Where am I, that I hear such doctrines openly proclaimed in the Senate-house t Am I yfi (ee republican America, the land ot jealous constitutional freedom; or am I in England, amid the “broodingdarkness" of the seventeenth cen • tury, under the arbitrary and lawless sway olthc Stuarts; or am I in Imperial Rome, under the sor did despotism of the Caisars I I must say (con tinued Mr. R.) that nolhoig has ever impressed me with so deep a despondency as to the for tunes of ouryoung and glorious Republic, as the doctrines of that report, received and welcomed, as they have been, by a majority of this body. I do not look upon it as expressing merely the opinions of its author, or even of the committee in whose name it is presented; hut I am compell ed to regard it as the creed if a party —as the ex position ‘and defence ot a political system, which relies upon parly organization, party d sc pine , and njficiul patron ige, to control and govern this mighty country. It comes to us from a com mittee consisting (with hut a aingl exception, I believe) of gentlemen of the same political parly, friends and supporters of this Administration, it is no sooner read than it is hailed and openly ap plauded on the floor by one member of the party. and another Instantly in ivestohave ten thousand capits of it printed for distribution among the People; which is accordingly ordered without a division. A report, treating of such "high mat ter.” and so sanctioned anil endorsed by a majori ty of this body, cannot fail to awaxen the most anxious attention to the character and tendency of its doctrines. The honorable chairman of the committee, (Mr. W ill.) fearing that his former political as sociations and opinions might by possibility pre judice bis report in the eyes of some, thought fit |to inform us that a solemn council had been held on his admission into the Democratic parly, and I>y that council it was determined - he never had / deralism enough to sp ill Ins democracy." Wc are to understand, then that modern democracy admits of an infusion of more or less federalism; and, if we are to judge ot th" orthodox democra cy of the lay by this rep irt, I should say it admits of a very large infusion for I have never ye seen the do ume.it win his more thoroughly satura ted with all the characteristic elements of the Federal faith than this. It is ii it an elaborate plea throughout for the rights an I prerog itives oi Federal Executive pow er; fir the infl.ionce of Federal patronage, not merely on those who arc its immediate beneficia ries. hut, thro iih tbeir ptity services and elec tionec ing activity upon the great Indy of the p..,„t. themselves? Wnile Felenl pannage and Exn-u' v • oo ver are urns exalted toe Slate a ,,,h0-b es e stud ousty disparaged and hg[d up as apodal 00,0a* oud ft* functionaries of the S'u/es arc. j/^' a ' n ally ill coniiei-tion with “lh«3*" icrs ,^u lor ‘ poralions of associated weaT' cvld, ' n,l J r ' as it would seem, with the ot tI,ICLtIn S a « a 'Ust i them a portion ot the r * u,n wl > icl > il has tieen the policy of the pik . to excite against t.e bank- i ing institutions CoUlltr y- In one passage of the report tb'j>™ 9eem ty case > cven is supposed I r of “the State /wetionaries uniting with the cor- | poralions of associated wealth in a parly struggle I I to power of the Federal Government,” i The-® was a time, Mr. President, in the better ! days of tlie Republic—the days of Jclferaon ami jVl.idison—when democracy, or rather republican ism, as it was then called, signified a reverence for the rights of the States; respect for Stale authorities and State institutions ; jealousy of the power and influence of the Federal Government, and especially of the Executive branch of it; economy in the public expense; suppression of useless officers; curtailment of patronage ; a sa c cd “care of the right of election by the People ;” and “absolute acquiescence in the decisions of the majority, the vital principle of Republican Government.”* These were the great principals of democracy as taught and practised by him whom the report justly styles the great apostle of democracy.”— But democracy now adays if wc are to judge of it by this report, and other practical expositions of the modern democratic creed, means a dispar agement of the State Governments; war upon Stale institutions; enlargement of the powers and influence of the Federal Government; extension of Executive patronage; multiplication of cilices ; augmentation of the public expenditure; every thing left to Executive discretion, instead of be ing regulated oy the fixed rule of law —a virtual nullification consequently of the legislative, de partment. the true representative branch of the Government; the -decisions of the majority” of the people, as pronounced in their elections and through the medium of their repr smitatives, wholly disregarded hy the Executive, and the sacicd “right of election hy the People” itself now openly sought to he “smothered” (to use the language of Mr. Jefferson) "hy the enormous patronage of ihe General Government,” and by the licensed interference of Federal Executive officers. If modern democracy has espoused doc trines such as these, it is no wonder that the council which sat on the democratic pretensions i jf the honorable Senator from New Jersey, (Mr. Wall) should have pronounced “he never had f ideralism enough to spoil his democracy !” Itul let us come now, said Mr. R„ to the re- I lort itself; and here I give notice to the Senator f lum N’ew Jersey, that it is to the doctrines of t be report, fraught, as I consider them to he, with t he greatest danger to the liberties and pul lie i aorals of the country, and invested, as they have l icen. witlTa TearluT"fri*, “1 “*: . solemn i lanction and imprimalK iA majority of this I iody, that I intend mainly „'o adress myself. Interesting and important as the ques.ions in volved in the measure introduced hy the Senator f com Kentucky (Mr. Crittenden) undoubtedly s ire, I hoi I them hut • dust in the balance” com pired with the portentous doctrines inculcated hy 'tie eport. The gentleman from New ,'csey complained that the honorable Senator liom Ken tucky in ihe able and eloquent speech with wh ch he in-tiu led and entertained this assembly, hud not confined himself to sh iw ng-he consti/ut onul power of Congress to puss his bill, instead of as sailing and commenting upon the doctrines ot the report. But. I would ask the honorable S imtor from New Jersey if the cowl tut.onal question, of which he makes so much now, was not the least of all his topics dwelt on in the report? The report consisted, I think, of ten printed pa ges ; and of these ten pages, but a single one is devoted to the sugge..lion of aoy constitutional itm pediment to the passage of the hill; all the rest of the report— n ne-tenlhs —are given up to an elal >orate defence of the right and duty of office holders to take an active part in popular elections, and c >f the tyranny, injustice, and impolicy of any restn lint upon them in doing so. It is through out, i ndeed, not merely a justification of the in terfen mceof Federal office-holders with popular elections. hut is an in-itement to them to exert their in (lucnce to the utmost in directing and con trolling those elections. The fc'enator from New Jersey says the report only assents the right of Federal office-holders to till gkten and adv se the People in elections; hut docs not encourage or instigate them to the ex ercise of that right. Now, sir, let the report itself •answer h ow far this construction of it is sustained toy it* tex t. I will proceed very rapidly to review it. S must ask the attention of the Senate while II rend a few extracts from it, taken promiscuously tfroic its text, which will serve to show the steady uniform, and pervading spirit and tendency of the whole document. It will then be seen, unless I ;arx most grossly deceived, that, from beginning to (“nil, it not merely asserts Ihe r g/it, but inculcates the duty of office-holders to exert their influence in elections—a duly which they are admonished to perforin under the penally of being declared inf/mous, idints, outlaws, lepers, slaves, if they shall fail of themselves, or be disabled by law from performing it; it denounces any restraint upon their interference as tyranny and prnscr ption / and finally, they arc significantly told that if any such restraint should be imposed hy law, the Peo ple. in behalf of the injured offi e-holders, would resist the “ex cufion” of so atrocious an enact ment. If til she not instigation and incitement, I know not what is. But to the extracts. The first I shall read is taken from the second page of the report, where the following significant langu ige is used : "It is both the right and duty of eve n/ one freely to discuss and communicate, both publicly ami privately, such matters as he may suppose will advance the public interest, or inf ism the publ c m ud. One of the most salutary and ef fectual agents to promote such interest is nil en lightened public opinion. 'Vo centre such opineon. and In g vc form and direcion to the general course of na'ional policy, and the future desti nies of all. every citizen, whether intrusted w'lh pub! c office of not, tias a like deep, abiding, and active interest and noeilizen is at I bertyln with* draw himself from this high responsibility, inse-s pan'ily connected with republican institution's.. One of the most celebrated law makers of one of the ancient republic* declared every citizen irlfa mous who refused to take part in the atlairs of his country ; and the word id ot, derived from the language of that republic, hears, through all time, j | this impress of their instil u-troßs, denoting one j win was destitute of the spirit or inteffigi-nce re- j quisile for the Jis thargo of this highest July of a J cit zen.” Here we are cm oh at rally told that it is not | | merplv the r ght. hut the diflf of every cit zen, \ “ whether intrusted with publ c office, or not,”’ tip j lake part in the “atlairs”—meaning, evidently, j - fr i o the whole context. Ihe elections of his noun- j trv ; that no citizen office-holder or not. is “at I / A-r'l/to withdraw himself from bis high re* ! | sponsibility.” and if he sionld do so, he woiiil i 1 deserve to bede fired infum ns anil to be stKgma i : tized as an id ot. If any language can convey a , i \ i • ju. J*d*t**i’j ftr»t &U[cs». > I ... stroller instigation to the electioneering activity of otfi e-holders than till*, I confess myself wholly incompetent to imagine it. Ppotermitting numerous other passages all con ceivcdin the sainespirit anil inc ilca.in. t u same j (loctrine. I l>eg leave now to call the attention of the Senate to one which will he found on the fifth 1 page of the report: I “I he object of the hill,” says the report, 11 is to render what is lawful and praiseworthy , and j in strict conformity with both the letter anil spirit of our institutions, lor all citizens, criminal in a particular class, who have l>een honored hy the confidence of the People of the tv/.o'e S ales. It is not to punish a crime malum inse, hut to cre! ate a new crime. It is not to punish bribery and corruption, the robbery of the ballot box, the sup pression or forging of returns, or usurpation or neglect of official duly in giving effect to the will of the majority in elections, or the. improper use of ollieial power, but the use of persuasion n. discussion, of inlermeddlng to control or inftu, ence voters, by means that are lawful and righ _ in others. Every citizen ought to qualify him self, by study, conversation, and every other means of acquiring knowledge, to understand the theory and principles of our institutions, and to ascertain the best mode of administering them in their true spirit, so as to promote the greatest good of the greatest number, ami to render him self capable of discharging any trust that may be conferred on him hy his fellow-citizens.” “It is as well his inherent right as his duty to ‘ discuss anil promulge freely the measures of any Administration, and the ehurarter and conduct of those who support or oppose it, us well to con trol them by the censorship of public opinion as to subject them to the test of the Constitution. In doing so he may win the confidence of his fel low-citizens by his declared opinions, or may be come identified with some great principle which conciliates their support. All this is innocent and praiseworthy, even if the motive is the ac quisition of office, because it promotes the public good. Can it be wise or even just, to punish as a crime, when a citizen attains office, what was na'riutic and praiseworthy while he was seeking it V’ Here, then, we find that ‘•the use of persuasion or discussion,” of “intermeddling by office-hol ders” to control or influence voters, is declared by the report to be not merely "innocent” and | “lawful.” but "patriotic and praiseworthy !" As in the former extract the penalty of infamy was denounced against those who should fail to perform their duly in “intermeddling” with elec tions, so in this, a positive reward, the crown of patriotism, is decreed to those who shall come up boldly and fearlessly to the great work of indoc trinating the People hy olli nil dictation. Ami here I cannot but remark. Mr. President, in what a specious and deceptive guise these official ad visersof.| «-r?Spl‘ ! - arc constantly presented by the report. In this passage, throughout the report they are artfully spoken of as -honored by the rhoicc anil continence 0 f the People.” But what, sir. have the People to t!o with them? J'hc OjUcits whose interference in elections is objected to, are officers deriving their appoint ment from the Extent ve alone, ami wholly de peidenton the Ex-cutive for their official exis tence. It is. therefore, an unauthorized and gra tuitous assumption, an ad capiandum appeal, unsupported by fact, but one habitually recurring th ougli llic whole ol this rport, to speak of the office-holders in question as ••honored by the choice and confidence of the People!” But to return to the interpretation of the real character of the report. As it to leave not even the shadow of a doubt on tie intention of the Committee to justify and encourage the interfer ence of office-holders in elections, the following unequivocal avowal of their meaning occurs on the ninth page of the report: “ The comm ttee can perceive no reason for the. adoption by Congress of any restriction upon any of what they deem the inherent and inalien able rights of every class of citizens, merely lie cause they have been lumored with the confi dence of the. people.” “ They know no object,on to reason, argument, or even persuasion, word, message, or wr.ttng, at any time, from whomso ever it may proceed, or by whatever motive prompted ! Nor do they understand on what just principles it can he maintained that the pos sess on if office simply should deprive a citizen of llie Influence arising from character, intelligem c, integrity, and the confidenteanii influence winch they inspire, and of the right to use them as oth ers are left free to use theirs.” The committee here expressly declare they “know no object ion” to the “ persuasion ” of vo ters, “hy word, message, or writing.” at any time, ‘•from whomsoever it may proceed.” office-hol ders nr others. This passage is referred to. at present, simply to show the open avowal which the committee make in it oftheir approbation of liie interference of office-holders with elections. The sophism hy which that interference is at tempted to he palliated will he hereafter, in the progress of these remarks, I trust, abundantly ex posed, But, sir. this is not at'. Office-holders are not only encouraged and stimulated, as we have seen hy this report, to intermeddle in elections—they are not merely told dial it is both ih ir r ght and their duty to exert their influence over voters at tile [sdls, hut any attempt to restrain them in the exercise of that influence, is I'enoum ed as tyranny and proscription, and assimilated to the revolting cruelty of the inquisi ion. The poor “proscribed office-holders.” as they arc called, are likened to ‘ mutes”—to* ont’aws"—to“lepcrs”—to“sla 1 es;” and, to cap the climax of his inflammatory exag geration, we are so'emnlv admonished on h e 8 h page ol tlie report, that 'the Penult would never submit to tin- execution of a law’ who li di prices their ofti c h b'ing 4 fellow- .ti/en” ol hi- • inhe rent, common. and equal rights,” N’.iw, sir, this looks very much like a provocation to revolu tionary violence to procct the imputed rights of “these proscribed office-holders and if the strong f derul sm of other parts of the report is not suffi cient to spoil the democracy of its author, the undi -goised he J asm, of this must t least, bring into question his republican sin, ol which the vital principles are law, lilierly, and jpu'-lii* order. It is in vain then Mr. President, to cndi avor to disguise the real drill an I tendency ol this re port. —The pas ages I have read to the Snate— ' taken spars• rn from every part of the report — i prove, beyond controversy, that it is an incite j merit throughout of the office-holders, hy every J motive which e,m he addressed to the reason or j the passions off man. to exert their utmost activity j a id influence m the elections a oil party con.ests of the day. And who are these office-holder*. I Mr. President, that are held up by the report as j the leg lima/e advisers of the People in the exer j cise ol their precious and invaluable severe gn j rights ! f have already shown how gratuitous is j t ic artifice which would represent them as • hon ored hv the choice andonli enceoflhc People.” j No sit; they are chosen by the Bxecui ve. alone ( and are consequently, whi-l y i ej - n Vi t on the i Ex 'ci'tivp. How "ar ncscris «tani J 'ng in su> h 1 i a rela'ion are compe ent to perform th p int of i *ufe tod patriotic touuseiiof* to tiut r«o t dc. ui tU , exercise r>T ibi-fr el'ceforial rights, let the Senator from Misnoari (Mr. Ueiiton.) the Senator Irom | i Penn-iylviMMu, (.Mr.. Bochaiiun,) and the present Attorney General of the United States. (Mr. I I Grundy.) ae-severally quoted by the Senator from 1 i Kentucky, (Mr..Crittenden.) in Ins able speech i in support of his bitU give the answer. In the I celebrated >ej«it on Exe' utrve patronage, the | i Senator from Missouri told us thutoHtoers deriving j i their appwmttn.enta from the President, would i i be animated with his spir t and moved by Ais i w U —that “a power over a man’s support was a | | power over his will.” The Attorney General of i < the United States, in a speech made by him I I during his service in Congress, declared that when i he saw an office-holder going to> the polls, he I could not resist the conviction that he was “think- < ing of his salary ami his bread and the honor able Senator from Pennsylvania, in a speech made by him some years years ago in the other t House, has told ns that these “office-holders are t hut the e»litied soldiers of the Administration I” j Now, Mr. President, it does seem to me that , persons standing in aueVv dependent relations on the Executive, are not the moat proper counsel- i lors of a feet people in the exercise of their elec toral rights. I know, sir, there arc honorable exceptions to this general description of offirr-hoMer'.*,- that there arc men m office who, however desiratdb their places may be to them, would never consent, to purchase a continuance in office by the snort -1 flee of their consciences, or hy unworthy compli ances of any sort, lint still it will lie true, m general from the very nature of things, that those who fill public offices will he animated hy the same- spirit, aud governed hy the same views, with the power whicibconfer* and can take away those office*. More especially mast this he the case when that licentious motto of party p Huge, “to the victors belong the spoils,” uttered in l “evil hour” on this floor hy a Senator from N. Y. (Mr. Murrey,) ir. reference to. the official trusts of the country, shall, as every thing indicates it will, ho fully carried out in practice. One of the Heads- . of Departments, indeed, if I mistake not, (the Post master General ) has in substance openly proclaimed, in a letter published not long since, that he should consider himself guilty of treadle ry to his party if he appointed to office any one who was not a supporter of the Administration. | I pretend not to quote the words; hut this, ac cording to the best of my recollection, was the substance and spi.it of the declaration. Office-holders then, in general from the nntmc of things, and from the tendency of the times, must he expected to he animated with the spirit, and devoted to the policy anil views of the chiof- Executive Magistrate, from whom, directly or in directly, they derive 'heirappointments, and on whom they depend for continuance in office. Surely, no candid and reflecting man will delib erately say that persons standing in this situation opoJ- j j ( ],- mn 'li less prompted and en couraged to take an act vt V urt in c "“ ,rolli "* those papular elections, lhr.',«P»‘ winch it was the design of our republican sysi t>nl *' ut ’ ''"nonet of themselvfH an<) of the r sVrpftftftTa' SxWu! ( J- !** brought to the test of a frec.somre.gn, and unln unied public judgment. y yl'h- him .rahle .Senator from New Jersey, how I i yver. seems (o think it a very, gr at hard h ft. a ' violation of the equality of oun laws and of the spirit of the Constitution than persons holding putdic offi e should be leinpoaear ly abridged o. privileges enjoy ed and exercised by other citizens. Hut is this any novi Ity in our polity or. legisla tion 1 Doe.-, not the - on-titution itself espss-inlly provide that •• no pennn hold ng any nfffcenJDoer the United .States shall be a member of cither. House of Congress dur ng hs cant nuance in office and also, that “no person hold, ng an of fice of trust or profit under the United States shall he appointed an Elector of P esidenl and Vice President!” These are privileges, anil very high privileges, too, (especially the first.) enjoyed hy all other citizens; aud yet the express fiat at tine Constitution excludes all persons holding office, from the enjoyment or them while they shall con tinue in offi.e. Arc office-holders better fitted, or have they, in the eye of reason and sound policy, any lietter right to erect themselves into political guardians and prompters of the People in elec tions. than to lie their representatives and servants in the Legislature, from which wc have just seen they are expressly excluded hy the very letter of the Constitution 1 The honorable Henatoi also said, in his report, that. “ under the existing laws, a citizen of a Stale docs not. by accepting any of the offices under the Federal Government, forfeit -any of the rights and privileges which belong to him as a citizen of a Slate.” Now, sir, so far as the legislation of the Commonwealth which I have the honor to represent, in part, on this floor, is concerned, the gentleman is wholly mistaken. Hy accepting an office under the Federal Government, a citizen of Virginia does forfeit, during his con tinuance in such office, the privilege enjoyed hy all other citizens of the State, of eligibility to any office under the authority of the Commonwealth. Hy an act of fundamental legislation coeval with the adoption of the Federal Constitution, and still preserved in hold relief on our statute book, it is declared that “ no person holding or accepting any office, due., under the authority of the United Slates, shall lie capable of bolding any office leg. {illative, executive, or Judical, or any other off re, place, or appointment of true! or profit, under the Government of this t'ocmno/nvcalth.” There are, doubtless, similar provisions hi the laws andi 'Constitutions of the other States. We see then, that all our institutions, State :and Federal, create a broad line of distinction Hifttsvccn office-holder* a-ad the general mass of shiisms. They inq>n-Hr political disqualifications .and restrictions upon- the former during /her enn/timianer m offer, from which- rive great body ni&te community at* exempt. And wisely do Ithcy do it. These rxclu ions have their origin in that salutary futons;/ of power which is the very instinct ami vhisl prineiplb of liberty. What docs Mr. Jelferson tell uu in that very passage which the honor-aide Senator has quoted in his ' report apparently unconscious of its force and , just application to overthrow all the wire-drawn I arguments of his elaborate defence oi the equal \ rights of office-holders 1 Does he not tell us ' that “free government itself s founded in jealousy1 i It is jealousy, not confidence, which prescribes ' limited Constitutions to hind down those whom we are obliged to trust with, power. One of the most conspicuous fruits of thiswise ' jealousy, wherever fret government i» known, is to restrain all persons invested with public office from any interference with the free exercise of the sovereign right of election by the People. The Senator from Kentac-iy has shown us what were the solemn declarations of Mr. Jelferson on this subject lief re bis accession to the Presidency, and the memorable circular which he caus dto be is- 1 I su d m pursuance of those declarations after he j entered in on his high dot ps. He has also pro parly reminded u* ofthe emdial c adoj i m of the | same principle hy Prescient Jackson, when in . his first inaugural address he announced to the ■ country as the leading branch of his "task of re. , p,. .. >• „,f le correction of those abuses that have ’ hro i ht the notn none of 'he. Fed red C, mint into oouflid with the freedom 'fcleciicnuF I We have seen, also, wlmt tin* hern the legisla tion of that country (next' to o«r own, the freest nmler the sun, and from which our ancestors Immght'wilh them so mntiy of or»r own cherish ed institutions) for the purpose trf repressing olti oial interference with the fresttesp of elections. * ut the Senator from New Jersey seeks to w eaken the just influence of these weighty opin ions and grace precedents; by ascribing them to some paltry consideration-of temporary expedi ency, rather than tb the controlling authority of great and enduring principles. Mr. Jefl’erson’s declarations, os well as that of General Jackson, he seemed to intimate, were intended more as a reflection on the conduct of their predecessor* than.as the annunciation of a great principle of civil government'. [Here Mr. Wall explained.] Mr. Hives resumed, and said. Let os look at the declarations of Mr. Jefferson themselves, stud then we shall understand their true character and import. He had received, while the Presidential election was yet pending, a letter from Governor McKean, of Pennsylvania, informing him of the misconduct of certain Federal officers in that State. In Ids reply, dated February 2, 1801, he uses this emphnt c language : “ One thing I will say, that, »s to the future, m lerft rentes with. e.hefitms, whetiter of the State or General Government; by officers of the hitler, should he deemed cause of removal; because the eanstitui mud remedy by the eh dive principle becomes nothing, if it may he. smothered by the enormous patronage of the General Government." (Conclusion on second puge.J Consignees per South Carolina Hail Komi. Hamburg, May 23, 1839. Stovalli 8t Simmons, fr.F. Jessup, W. Allen, J. It. Murphy, T. Dawson, It. Richardson, F. Lam back,.!. W. Bachelor, George Parrott, J. F. Ben son, ami Jeffers & Boulware. -- - 11 js— MARINE INFELLIHENCE. Savannah, May 22. Cttaved. —Ship Brittania, Cook, Liverpool ; ship Gov. Feaner. Mennct, Liverpool. Arrived yederdiy, —Hr. ha'k Barlow, Spencer, Bermuda ; brig Wm. Taylor, tloey, New X ork. Ciia RI.F.STON, May 23. Arrived yesterday —Line hiig Soon, Forrest, Baltimore Cleired —Brig Mary Jane, Halls, Bremen! brig Ditnun, Sherwood, New X ork; Dutch brig Naas tiympli. Verscliuer, Hamtimg. MdKK NteW GOO 1)8. RECEIVED at Mrs. C. HOFFMAN S Fancy Dry Goods and Mi lincry store, S eases Eng Ihh.Straw Bonnets, 4 rases Goods, 2 cases Misses’ English Straw Bonnets. 2 cases suporl ne Florence Straws. 1 case Victoria. 4 cases asso ted American Straw Bonnets, Leghorn Hoods, Men’s Palm Leal and Hoys’ Hats. etc. etc wldrli she oilers for sa'e with a sp'en lid assortment of Dry Goods, at whole saleor retail at the lowest mar et prices. may 9_ trwlm cToTIIH and CU)t lING AT COST. \ niHB Biihscrihi r wishing to close his present |. tiusincss in this pace, offers his-stock d Cloths and lotliing, compri ing a good assorlmcn' of each, A T COST. The stock entire, will he so'd on favorable terms and store rented until Ist I ct .ar the stock is fresh, well selected, and laid in at the lowest rates ■ it olfeis a goo I opportunity for any one wishing to engage in the clothing business. V. 11. EAKL, 286 Broad Street. may fl trwvw NTTCE. —The suhscriher having disposed o r his Grocery and Confectionary to Messrs SCHMtHT Sc Till Hit. takes p ; essure in rero n mending them to his f.lends and former customers lie aho returns his sincere thanks to his formei patrons for their 11' e.al encouragement while hr conducted the business. PETEK GOJ.LV. May 14,1839. w3t N. it.—All those indebted to him wi.l please make immediate payment. p. G. A DJI IM ST R ATOR'S SALK. ON the first Tuesday in August next, will be sold, agreeably to an order of the Justices of the Inferior Court of Bichmond, when sitting as a court of ordinary, at the Market House in the city of Augusta, within the usual hours of sale, a lot of Land with the impiovemonts thereon, near the Arsenal, on the hand Hills, and a neg o woman and child. Also—2o shares of the stock of the Georgia Rail Road and Banking Company, and 30 shares Georgia Insurance and Trust Company, he'onging to the estate of Thomas M. Chandler, deceased. Terms at sale. F. M. ROBERTSON, Administrator. May 16, J 839. GEORGIA NANKEENS. 5 CASES Georgia Nankeens, 8 do do. do Pantaloons Fas sa.e by A. SIBLEY, may 20 w-lt THAfiW'AS N, iH8t)l) Has taken a window at G- t Mr - °- Oanfirlh's , a few T doors below Joim Guima f[f* s. 'jKA/ fin s,below the bridge Bank V “ > .IQa No. 127 Broad-trect, where V I ■ JWjK ho W|M punctually attend to WJbW repairing all kinds of Jew elry in the best manner.— Watches. Clocks and Musical Boxes rcpaiied ami warranted. He hopes from his long experience in business to have a share of public patronage, ape 30 w2m T. g. MOOD. Georgia, Richmond County, January Term, 1839. f | X l l f. Sheriff having retimed the following per -1- sons a. dcfaultm. grand jurors at the January term ot the Superior Court for the county afore said, to wit; William C. Dillon, John P. Seize, John Moore, James A. Karon, John VV. Houghton, Sam uel Wilson, A. O. Panneiee, Amory Sibley, John • . Snead, r. A. Morgan, Adam Johnson, John M. Adams, A. J. Huntington, C. E. Latimer, Robert Walton, Henry McCullough—and us defau ting petit jurors, Jacob Ingli t, Uichaid > ooncy, John S. Kandell, Britton vims Hiram Grubbs, -‘•amui-1 J. Ande.son, Charles Martin, Wiley Barron, JB. Burnett, —it is ordered, that the first named as grand jurois.he lined rn the sum of Forty . ollars, ami the last named as petit Jurors, in the sum o Twenty Doi.ars, unless they and each of them tile a satisfactory excuse in writing, and on oath with the clerk oi said court on or hefo e the 11th day of June next, and on failure to do so, execution is ordered to he issued. A ware copy, frr m the minutes, JA i.ES McCLAWS, Clerk. May 11, 1839. 4t w It EM 111 NEE AT THE SAM) IHI.IsT Jl Wu .A FOR SALE OK TO KENT—Thatdc• lara-ii Birat,le Kcsiderce immediately adjoining |*i P~“.J n „- Bones, Esq. For further particulars a P.<i.v to Isaac .boise, a P 8 swtf A DMI.MSTRATMX’NNOTICE, A LL persons having claims against Noah Smith. Adel east d, late of Augusta, Georgia, aie lieiel.y required to hand in an ai count of their demands within twelve months from tills date, to A. J. it t’ W. Miller, Esq., or to the undersigned MATE DA A. SMITIV, Adm’jt. Augusta, Match 19,1833. 6w W. W. HI MID If, MANI' FACTI RES and (lea sin every variety of Combi, and Importer . f Fancy ( levy, sue h as Pen and Pocket Knives, Bazors, Seisson, Table l ut.ery, 4c,, Buttons, Needles and Fins, Perfum-- ery, Fancy Soaps, Work Boxes and Dressing. Cases* genuine Bazor Strops, and a great variety of Taney < oods, which will he disposed of to dealers upon accommodating terms, at his wa.e-house, in rear of the retail store, 156 King-street, sign of the large Ox I'orn. Orders Loin a distance carefully attend to with punctuality. ( harleston, May 18. w6t CITY SHI.RM I S SALE. ON the first Tuesday in Jlily next, will he sold at the Tower Market'ih the eity of Augusta, between the usual hourr, oFsale, the following ar ticles, to wit; —a lbt> of' line Wines, onlials, Cliampaigne Wines, Glass Jars and Candies, <s c., Tobacco, Beady Made Clothing, one line Diamond- King, with "-cts Crockery Ware. Clocks, Lamps,, Candlesticks, iVc.&c., under foreclosure of mortgage fi fa, returnable to thecuurt of Common Picas, city of Augusta. I*. 11. Mantz vs Jacob P. Lewis.— Terms cash on delivery. E. MARTIN, S. C. A. May 7th, 1830. wtd TO THE rmtuc, TT-—*' vc- HN. WILSON, respectfully informs thbpub • Be, that he has established a new line of FOUR HORSE POST COACHES. Com Athens to larkcsville, via He licon Springs and Madison Springs, and Carnesville, tlucc times a week. LEAVES ATIIKNs, Tuesdays, ■a at 2 o’clock A M. Thursdays, > <t arrive ntClarks- Satiirdavs, J vd'e, at SP. tl. LEAVES CLARKESVI 1.1. K, Mondays 8 at 2 o’clock, A M. Wednesdays, £■ and arrive at Athens Fridays, ' at 8 P. ,11. may 18 3mtrw GEHUi-l/to MNi; WORKS. flNMEsubscribers respectfully inform thepuhliov JL that they have commenced the manufactory of LIME near Jarksonhorough,in Sc.iven county,Gn. They have extensive quarries of Limestone, which is considered by professor J. 11. Colling, State Geol ogist. to whom the proprietors are indebted for the information which induced them to embark in the . undertaking, to be of the very purest kind. They have consequently erected large and substantial Kilns in the most approved manner, and produced' men from the North viho arc perfectly acquainted with the business. A portion of the Lime is now in mnrKctnml has been pronounced by the principal builders in the neighborhood of Augusta, and others, to be of excellent quality. The subscribers take pleasure in inviting those who take an interest in the dovelopoment of the internal resources of Geor gia, to examine it, being convinced that the whole UnitedStatqgcannot produce amorc beautiful arti cle. They have now a quantity on hand, which thev will deliver at the mouth of BrierCreck on tno Sa vannah river, or at Augusta. Having extensive preparations in progress, they expect to be able du ring the next winter and spring to supply orders to a very large amount ; and they have every reason to I believe that they will entitle themselves to the favor. I and pitronagv us the public by producing a cherqjer . and better article at huuw than can *e found abroad. , Orders will tic received by V). Kirkpatrick Si Co, s or by Thus. L. Smith at Augusta, or Jucksonboru'. f CORNELIUS Sc SMITH „ May 7 Sawd&wtt Pim Ihil.Mlis REWARD. lianaway frmo the subscriber, in the early part of September last, his c JußSw Negro hoy TOM, 17 or IS years o d and about live feet four or live inches u/T high, he is well formed and remark a ly likely, with a smooth black , skin and bushy bead of hair. H« was purchased by me last spring in Hamburg. S. C., of Thomas Norris, a trader, for whom he was purchased by Vlr. Hull, the trader of , Mr. John stone, of Norfolk, Virginia. I will give fifty do lars for the apprehension and delivery of said boy at the jail in this city, or tw-.nty-live dol lars for his conuncment in any other rail so that L get him. JOHN CAR TER; r . Augusta, December3l,lB3B. swtf 1 r/ 1 The Greenville, Mountaineer, Macon Mes * senger, an 1 Raleigh Uegister, will pub ish the above j. weekly one month and charge this office. • ONE HUNDRED AND FIF.TJ6 !H)lu, i LARS REWARD. STOLKKN. from the store of tire subscriber, on the night of tiie Bth, a large otof Jewelry of* , every description, among the aitides were the fol- P lowing watches— -1 go d Music Watch, No. 35 Fine silver, do do 11391 English uiiver do do 169U3 Swiss do do mark’d M. 11. S. in the case, do do do No. 19034, Brass F.ng ish with cap. “ 4#44‘i Fine silve. watch do 3367' do do small do 1061 Silver Swiss do 322 in cate do do do 28887 French gold do 5096 in case Silver Swiss do 2 U in cate English silver do 629 • Silver Swiss do 700 “ F'rcnch do 163 in case “ “ do 7135 1 French go'd do 1569 Silver L’Kpine do 13598 ’ Brass English do 5945 Silver watch do 38 in case Swiss silver watch, No. 5346 1 Si ver watch No. 33 in case 1 English old silverwatch do 2112 Level si ver cases do 9793 Silver i asc Swiss do 163 incase ' Silver L’Kpine do 3939 Music Box,shell, Silver English watch do 31117 Silver watch rte 1001. I'arcnt Lever, number not recollected^ 1 Watch repairers are requested to be on their guard to detect any of the above described watches. The above reward will be paid for any informa ‘ tion which may lead to the detection and convic tion of t ie thief and recovciy of the property, ap U-trwtf- 3$ J U’AtJJ’flil. (i j' The « oluwbia South Carolina Telescope will publish the above one time and send their bill to the subscriber. riIHE HOWARD INSURANCE Cl MPANY | New Capital nf f 300,000 —< Hire No. 64 Wall st.eet, New . ork. This Company continues to in sure against loss and damage by Fire, and tfie ba za.ds of Inland Navigation. DIRECT, rs. K. Havens, President, Cornelius W. Lawrence, Najah Taylor, Win, Couch, J. Phillips i’henix, John Moirison, David Lee, Caleb O. Daisied, Mm. W. Todd, Jehiel Jaggar, Moses Alien, R. L, Woolley Mirah Baldwin, Joseph I tis, Fanning . Tucker, y eigs D. Benjamin, John Bank'n, John D. Wolfe. ' G. B Vacuum, LEWIS PHILLIPS. Secretary. The subscriber is prepared to take jin in d jiff 1 risks, as Agent of the above oiopany.at the cur-r rent rates of premium JAMES B. BISHOP, Agent , nev 21 Jimw of the H. Ins. Co. "VT ’TICE—The firm of SPEARS A- WHITE is .bis day dissolved—in future the lusineia will br conducted in mypwn name may 13 Uwjw FRANCIS SPEARS