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Another page of History— Continued. Our conversation was further extended, under varying emotions on both sides; hut without any change of opinion or decision. At length, I retired, leaving the following letter: Theasi iii* DsrAnTMKtsT, Sept. 21,1833. To the President of the United Stales: Sin : I have the honor to lay before you: 1. A copy of my commission, empowering an 1 enjoining me to execute my duty according to I \w, and authorizing me to hold my office at your pleasure, *■!. A copy of mv oath of office, wherein I so lemnly pledge 1 my sell to execute the trust com mitted with fidelity, !). A copy of tins 1 Hth section of the law char tering the liank of the United Suites, whereby the discretion to discontinue the deposites ot the public money in that M ink was committed to the Secretary of (Ii» Treasury alone. 4. An extract from your letter to me of the "fith of June, wherein you promise not to inter fere with the independent exercise of thn disere t in committed to mu by the al ovu mentioned la v over the suoje.i t. 5. An extract from your exposition of tho 18th instant wherein you state that you do not expect me, at your request, order or dictation, to do any act which I may believe to he illegal, or which my conscience may condemn. When you delivered to me on the I Mlh instant, tho exposition of your views, above referred to, 1 asked yon whether 1 was to regard it ns a di rection by you to me to remove the deposites.— You replied that it was your direction to to remove the deposites, but upon your responsi bility; and you had the goodness to add that, if I would stand by you, it would he the happiest day of your life. Solemnly impressed with it profound sense of my obligations to my country and myself, after painful reflection and upon my own impressions, unaided by any advice such as I expected, I re spectfully innionne to yon. sir, that 1 refuse to carry your directions into effect: Not bocausel desire to frustrate your wishes; for it would he my pleasure to promote them, if 1 could do so consistently with superior obli gations ; Not becausod de-ire to favor the Hank of the. United Stales, to which 1 have ever been, am, anil ever shall he, opposed: Not to gratify any views, passions, or feeling* of my own : but 1. Because I consider tho proposed change ot the dep isitory, in llto absence ot nil necessity, a lircneli of the public faith. 2. Because tho measure, if not in reality, ap pears to he vindictive and arbitrary, not conserva tive or just. 3. Uecansc, if the hank has abused or per verted its powers, the judiciary are aide and will ing to punish; and, in the last resort, tho Repre sentatives of the, People may do so. 4. Because the last House of Representative* of the United Stales, priinounccd tho public money in the Hunk of the United Stales safe. 5. Because, if, under new circumstances, a change of depository ought to he made, tho Re presentatives of the People, chosen since you appeared to them in your veto message, will in a few weeks assemble, and will bo willing and able to do their duly. (i. Because a change to local and irreseonsihlo banks will tend to shake public confidence, and promote doubt and mischief in tho operation of society. 1 7. Because it is not sound policy in the Union i to foster local Hanks, which, in their multipli- 1 cation and cupidity, derange, depreciate, and < banish the only currency known to the Cunati- I tution, that of gold and silver. 1 8. Because it is not prudent to confide, in the I crude way proposed by your agent, in local banks; when, on an average of all the banks, 1 dependent in a great degree upon each other, I one dollar in silver cannot be paid lor six dollars of the paper circulation. 9. Because it is dangerous to place in the hands of tho Secretary of the Treasury, de pendent for office on Executive will, u power to favor or punish local hanks, and consequently make them political machinery. 10. Because the whole proceeding must tend to diminish the confidence of the woild in our reganl for national credit and reputation; inas much ns, whatever may be the abuses of Iho directors of the Hank of tho United Slates, tho i vil now to be endured must be borne by inno cent persons, many of whom, abroad, had a right to confide in the law that authorized them to lie holders of stock. 11. Because I believe that the efforts made in various qu it If rs to hasten tho removal of the dc p .sites did not originate with patriots or states men, but in schemes to promote selfish and fac tious purposes. 12. Because it has been attempted by persons and presses, known to he in the confidence and pay of the Administration, to intimidate and constrain the Secretary of the Treasury to exe cute an a t in direct opposition to his own so lemn convictions. And now, sir, having, with a frankness that means no disrespect, and with feelings such ns I lately declared them to be, stated to you why I refuse to execute what you direct, I proceed to perforin a necessarily connected act of duly, by nnuouneingto you that I do not intend voluntarily to leave the post which the law has placed under my charge; and by giving you my reasons for so refusing. It is true that, on the 23d of July, you signi fied in language sufficiently intelligible. that you would then remove me from olfice unless I would consent to remove the deposites, on your final decision. It may also lie true that I should then have put it to the test; and it is also true that, under a well-grounded assurance that your bank plan, tho only one then embodied in the instruc tions drawn up by me for your agent, would be, as it is proved, abortive, that for this and other causes you would be content, I did state my willingness to retire if 1 could not concur with you, But 1 am not afraid to meet the verdict of ge nerous men, upon my refusal, on refection, and after what has since occurred, to do voluntarily what I then believed I never should be asked to do. If I had a frail reputation,or had any sinis ter purpose to answer, 1 might be open to cen sure for a neglect of punctilious delicacy; but 1 can have no impure motives, much less can I attain any selfish end. I barely choose between one mode of retirement and another; and I cheese that mode which I should least of ail have pre ferred. if I had not exalted and redeeming consi derations in its favor. 1 have, besides, your own example ; I do not say that after you had promised “not to interfere with the independent exercise of the discretion vested in me by law.” yoa were wrong in inter fering, if you really thought the public welfare a superior consideration to a mere observance of as surances made to me; nor can you say that I err, when, upon a solemn sense of duty, 1 prefer one mode of removal from this station to another. The course is due to my own self-preservation, ns well us to the I’ublic; for you have in all your papers hold out nu assurance that you would not “interfere with the independent exercise of the discretion committed to me by law” over the dc posites; and yet. every thing hut actual removal of mo from office has been done to effect that end. So that, were I to go out of office voluntarily, you might he able to point to official papers that would contradict me, if I said you interfered; and I should thus be held up as a weak and faithless agent, who regarded delicacy not shown to himsclt mere than duty u> his trust. Sir, alter all. I confess to yon that I have had ecrup'es. for it is the first time that 1 have ever condescended to weigh a question of the kind ; but ' I ,im content that it shall he said of me that in 1 July ln-t I forgot myself ami my iluly 100, lather than i! shmiltl he said, that, now, knowing the ! course that you pursue, I hail in any way favored it. On the contrary, if f have erred lam willing to he reproved, hut my motive* no man can impugn. Mv refusal to resign ■ annul keep me one mo i ment longer than you please in »n office tliai I 1 never sought, and at u removal from which I shall j not grieve on my own account; it must, on the j contrary, hasten my exit. Ho that, if you shah | proceed in wresting from the Hi - rotary of the | Treasury the citadel in his possession, the a t can I only he uceomplished by u mandate, which will | he mv apology for no longer standing in the breach. I And now, sir, allow me to repeat to you in sin i eerily of heart, that, in (akin r ’he present course, 1 under a solemn sense of my obligations, I feel a sorrow on your account lar greater than on my own. I have been your early, uniform, and stead fast friend ; I can have no unkind disposition, hut shall cherish those of a kind nature that f feel.— Vou proudly occupy the hearts of your country men ; but Mi ill it is tin- lot of humanity at times to err. Ido ample justice to your motives, hut I am constrained to regret your present proceedings; and I devoutly wish that you may live to see all my forebodings contradicted, ami your mcasurea followed by results h ’neficial to your country, and honorable to yourself. With the utmost consideration, your obedient servant, W. J. DUANE. Washington, September til, 18113. Si i,: After you retired, I opened and read the paper yim handed to me: 1 herewith return it us ; a communication which I cannot receive. Jlav | iug invited the free and full communication of ail I your views, before I made up a filial opinion on the subject, I cannot consent to enter into a fur ther discussion of the question. There are numerous imputations in the, letter : which cannot, with propriety, he allowed to enter into a correspondence between the President and the head of a department. In your letter of July last, yon remark. "Hut if, after receiving the in i formation and hearing the discussion, I shall not i consider it. my duty, as a responsible agent of the ) law, to carry into effect the decision that you may then make, I will, from respect to you and for myself, afford you an early opportunity l<> select a successor, whose views may accord with your own on the important matter in contemplation.” I My communication to my cabinet was made un der this assurance received from you ; and 1 have not requested you to perform any thing which your sense of duty did not sanction. 1 have mere ly wished to he informed whether, as Secretary of the Treasury, you can, consistently with your opinion on the subject of the depositee, adopt such measures in relation to them ns in my view the public interests and a due execution of the laws render proper. If you will now communicate that information, it will confer an obligation on Voitr obedient servant, ANDREW JACKSON. To the Skctiktauv of the Theascuv. [Upon the receipt <f the foregoim' note, / wrote an acknowledgement, which I withdrew, to change its phraseology, and sent the following in lieu of it:] Tiuusunr Depaiitmknt, Sept. 21, 1833. Si a : As you had not, in any written commu nication, given a direction us In the deposited, but, on the contrary, had loft the action to the Secre tary of the Treasury, as a mutter of option, I deemed it my duty, when I had the honor to re ceive from you your exposition of the 18th iust. to ask you whether I was to consider myself di rected to remove the dopnsitos, ami you replied that I was directed, on your responsibility. 1 was preparing to lay before you an exposi tion of our relative position and views, from the first moment of my entry into your administra tion, when your decision was aulhonlutively an nounced in the Globe—a proceeding unsanctioued by me, that rendered all further discussion heed less, and any attempt of the kind derogatory to myself. A communication, justificatory of tny course under present circumstances, which I delivered to you this day, having been returned on account of alleged objectionable matter therein, the presence of which, if disrespectful, I regrel.it now becomes my duty, in reply to your lellci returning that communication, respectfully to announce my un willingness to carry your direction its to the de posiles into effect; and in making known that decision, without meaning any sort of disrespect, to protect myself, by protesting against all that has been done, or is doing, to divest the Secretary of the Treasury of the power to exercise, hide pendeully of the President, the discretion com mitted to him by law over the deposites. I have already, sir, on more than one occasion, and recently, without contradiction before the Cabinet, staled that I did not know, until after mv induction into office, that you had determin ed that the deposites should be removed without any further action by Congress. Il l had known that such was your decision, am) that I should he requested to act, I would not have accepted of fice. Hut as soon ns 1 understood, when hi office, what your intention was, I sought for all info:mntion calculated to enable me to act up rightly in the embarrassing position in which 1 was unexpectly placed. Vou were so good as to transmit to me to that end from Uoston, not only the opinions of the members of the t hilnnet, but your own views in detail, upon the deposits question ; but, instead of intimating to me that my disinclination to carry those views into effect would be followed by a call for my retirement, you emphatically assured me, in your letter of the 2(1 th ofJune, that you "did not intend to interfere with the in dependent exercise of the discretion committed to me by law over the subject.”. Fully confiding in the encouragement thus held out, 1 entered into an exposition of my ob jections to the proposed measure. Discussion ended in an understanding that we should remain uncommitted until after an inquiry, which \i in agent was to make, should be completed, mid un til the discussion of the subject in the Cabinet.— But pending the preparation for the inquiry, I re ceived your letter of July 28. convey iug what I understood to be an intimation that I must retire, unless 1 would then say that 1 would remove the deposites, after the inquiry and discussion, in ease veu should thou decide to have them removed. I would have at once considered ibis letter ns an order to retire, and would have obeyed it, if I had not thought it my duly to hold the post en trusted to me, as long as I could do so with bene fit to the eountiy and without discredit to my self. Instead, therefore, of retiring yduntarily or otherwise. I subjected my feelings*to restraint, and stated, as vou quote in yourlelter of this day, that, if I could not. after inquiry and discussion, ns the responsible agent ol the law, carry into effect the decision that might be made. I would afford you an opportunity to select a successor, &e. Under these circumstances, the inquiry was entered upon. It ended in showing, as I had predicted, that the plan submitted to me on the 20ih of Juno was impracticable; and in a report, without any defined substiUib , according to my comprehension ot it. After a consideration of the snbjet t in the Ca binet. you gave directions us stated at the com mencement ofthis letter; and I wrote toyou that I would make a communication to you on Satur day, the 21st instant, aud I accordingly did so, us hereinafter stated. Unto the present time, therefore. 1 have been struggling, under painful circumstances, not to retain a post that I never sought, and the loss of which 1 shall not regret on mv own account, but to maintain it for the country under a serious | sense of duty to it, and to avert a measure that! ' I honestly feared might affect yourself. i| Without entertaining, or desiring to manifest 1 : towards you. sir. the slightest disrespect, but sol : j emnly impressed with a consideration of my re t j sjronsibiiity to the country, and my duty to rny -1 self, ( now definitely declare that 1 will not in any - i way aiil nr assist to cause the public money to ho 1 deposited in any other institution, hank, orplace, I j than that provided by the ! Oth sec tion of the art 1 ' chartering the United Slates Dank, until Cou i I gress slndl direct or authorize such change to he ' ' nnde, unless good cause shod arise, such as in i I my judgment, doe. fint now exist. I - lam further constrained, owing to occurrences ■ and circumstances that in part have come to my • knowledge, or have taken place of late, to lease , it to you, sir, to determine whether lam or am i not any longer to remain a member of your ad ; ministration. • I I sincerely hope, sir, that you will consider that i owe it to myself, my family, and my frienda not to leave my ennr e, at this most trying mo, • inent of my life, open to doubt or conjecture; that ■ my conduct baa already sharpened thediggerof ! malice, us may he seen in the public prints; that ; you, wim have been assailed in so many tender I parts, and in whose defence I have devoted many : a painful day, ought to make allowance for rac in I my present position ; that, were I to resign, I j could meet no calumniator without breach of du ly ; that 1 ask such order or direction from you. I in relation to my office, as may protect rac and j my chil Iren from reproach, and save you and | myself from all present and future pain ; that I desire to separate in peace and kindness; that I ' | will strive to forget all unpleasantness, or rauso i; oi it; and that 1 devoutly w : eh that your measures • may end in happiness to your country, and hon- I or to yourself. , I With the utmost consideration, your obedient • servant, W. J. DUANE, i To the PtmsinßXT or Tim U. Status. Tnuxsunr Department, Sect, 21, 1833. Sin ; Allow me, with great respect, to present to you another view, in addition to those stated in rny letter of this date. If 1 understand your wish, ns it is to he collec ted from your note of this dale, which I have just now again perused, it is to hold me, upon principles of delicacy at least, to my assurance of July 22d, that unless I agreed with your decision after inquiry and discussion, I would promptly af ford you an opportunity to obtain a successor ac cording in your views. 1 pray you dispassionately to consider whether you did not absolve me, even upon principles of delicacy, from all obligations, upon this view of the mutter : 1. On Wednesday, September 1 Pth, I signified in Cabinet my desire to take and examine your exposition; and you gave it to me, saying, in re ply to my inquiry ns to your direction, that 1 was to consider myself directed to act on youricspou sihilily. 2. On Thursday morning, September 19lh, you applied to me to know if I had come to a de cision; and I returned by your messenger who brought your note, this reply : “ September 19, 1838. ‘ Sin : Upon a mailer that deeply concerns, nut only myself, hut all who are dear so rne, 1 have deemed it right, as I have not a friend here to advise with, to ask the counsel of my father* at this crisis. I wrote to him last night, and am sure that nothing hut sickness will prevent his presence to-morrow night. On the next day I trust that I shall he able to make a communica tion to you. “ With the utmost respect, vour ob’t servant, “To the President U. S. W. J. DUANE.” 3. On the same day, Thursday’, the 19th of September, your private secretary, Major Doncl son, called on me to say that you proposed to publish, in the Globe of the next day, your decis ion. I replied, that 1 thought you ought not; that I was not a parly to if, and, as a matter of delicacy to myself, could not approve ofit. Lest words should be forgotten, I wrote and de livered to Major Donelson this reply : “ September 19,1833. “ Dear Sir ; The world is so censorious that I am obliged, upon reflection, to express to you iny hope that you will not regard me as approving of any publication. It would seem to me but delicate to defer such an act until I shall either concur or decline. However, nil that I desire to have understood is, that I do not approve of the course you mentioned. Were 1 the President, I would consult, at least reasonably, the feelings of a man who has already anxiety enough. As to the newspapers, they will know what has been done, without an official communication. Very respectfully, yours, “A. J. Donelson, Esq. W. J. DUANE.” 4. In the Globe of Friday, September 20th, you caused ilto be announced to the world that the die was cast; thud altogether disregarding the rights of the Secretary of the Treasury, and my own feelings and fame; and refusing besides to wait even until the next day to receive my deci sion. Allow me, therefore, very respectfully, hut con fidently. to say that 1 was thus discharged from any sort of obligation or respect for, orou account of, the past. You gave me no opportunity to let you know whether I would or would not afford you an op portunity to choose a successor; in short, the Secretary of the Treasury was, as far as an Exe cutive act could do it, nullified; and I hold, there fore, that, idler such a course, I may stand before my country acquitted of any disregard even of delicacy. Trusting, sir, that you will be so good as to permit this to enter into your consideration, with my former note of this date, and that we may close, wi hout discredit to either, the pending mat ter, 1 am, with the utmost consideration, your obe dient servant, W. J. DUANE. To the President of the United States. September 23,1833. Sir: Since I returned your first letter of Sep tember 21st, and since the receipt of your second letter of the same day, which was sent back to you at vour own request. I have received your third and fourth letters of the same date. The two last, as well as the first, contain statements that are inaccurate; and as I have already indicated in rny last note to you, that a correspondence of this description is inadmissible, your two last let ters are herewith returned. But from your recent communications, as well ns your recent conduct, your feelings and senti ments appear to lie of such a character that after your letter of July last, in which you say. should your views not accord with mine, “I will, from respect to you and for myself, afford you an op- J portunity toselect a successor whose views may I accord with your own, on the important matter in 1 contemplation,” and your determination now to j disregard the pledge you then gave—l (eel my , ! self constrained to notify you that your further j ! services, as Secretary of the Treasury, are no , j longer required. I am, respectfully, vour obedient servant, ; I ANDREW JACKSON. To the Secretary of the Treasury. 1 * If I had consulted Col Dunne, and had re -1 moved flic deposiles or resigned, the partisans of - the Executive would have extolled my conduct , ! as an instance of filial piety: but, as I would not remove the depositosor resign, they ridiculed my i J desire to consult him. This was the more re > ; markable because the President himself bad not f only requested Col. Duane’s opinions, but had, in t several instances, urged me to consult him. Ne s vertheless. xvhen thus rebuked, in 1834, I was si- I lent. On a recent occasion, however. 1 felt my ! self called upon to allude to this subject; and to j show that while 1 was in office Col. Duajic had snlirtioned my own spontaneous inclination to r i lose to remove the depositcs or resign; ami Irom the letter, written on the occasion referred to, 1 am induced to make the following explanatory | quotations : j “It may lie asked why, after having had, on I the two points above alluded to, [the removal of j the depositee, and the question of resignation,] I my father’s approval of my own preferences, Ide- I sired a further conference with him I answer i without disguise. Detween the 13th ami 18th ! of September the President gave me reason to ! apprehend that he would insist upon an uncondi i liunal surrender; and would not, in writing, ask ! rue to retire. There was a lurking reluctance, on I my part, to refuse to resign, after having said that | I would. Although released by the bad faith I with which I had hern treated, from the obser j vance of an assurance which I ougiil never to | have given, I still paused. Such was the state of jmy feelings on the 18th of September, when iho | President's exposition was read to the Cabinet, and delivered to me for my decision. I desired I to gain time for the purpose, and began to write a defensive exposition on my own part, or of ray- I self for refusing to remove the deposiles. While writing it, 1 certainly looked around, and jin vain, for some friendly countenance. 1 desired j to sift the question whether I should resign or not. I was anxious that a less excited eye than my own should he cast upon my exposition, lest it should contain what I might thereafter regret. And, under the influence of these feelings, I am not | ashamed to say I wished to confer with my father. If there was the least weakness in this, I am not sensible of it. My feelings were the natural effect of a deep sense of the value of reputation—a de monstration of struggles between respect for my country and myself, and my early attachment to the President.” “ When I was desirous to confer with my father, the official annunciation that the deposites would he removed had not appeared. When the Presi dent took that step, on the 2flth of September, my scruples vanished—an oppressive weight was re moved from my heart—and I spontaneously re fused to remove the deposites or resign.” This last letter terminated all intercourse what ever between the President and Mr. Duane. CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL. A If G U STA. SATURDAY MORNING, JUNE 29. FOR GOVERNOR, CIIAIt L E S I) OU « lIERTY, OF CLARK COUNT!. ORDER OF CELEBRATION OF 4TH OF JULY 1539. The committee appointed to make arrangements for the celebration of the approaching Anniversary of American Independence, have appointed Maj. Samuel C. Wilson, Marshal of the day. At hall past ten o’clock, A. M. a procession will bo formed in front of the United Stater Hotel, and proceed to the Presbyterian Church, under the command of the Marshal of the day, when, after divine service, the Declaration of American Independence will be read by william R. McLaws Esq., and an address suitable to the occasion will be delivered by A. If. Matthews, Esq. The order of Procession will be as follows: I. The Clinch Rifle Company. 3. Major General and Staff. 3. Brigadier General and Staff. •1. Col. of the 10th Regiment and Staff, and the Officers of the 10th Regiment. 5. Officers of the Army and Navy. 6. Orator and Reader. 7. The Reverend the Clergy. 8. Magistrates of the City and County. 9. The Masonic Institutions of this city. 10. The Different Fire Companies of the city. 11. The Mechanics of the City. 12. The different Societies of the City. 13. The Medical Faculty and Students. 10. Citizens. The Pews on the right and left of the centre aisle, will he reserved for the procession. The authorities of the City and County, the Reverend the Clergy, the Masonic Institutions of this city, the members of the Fire Department, the Mechanics of the city, the Societies of the city, the Medical Faculty and Students, and the citi; tens generally are respectfully invited to join the procession in the above order. At day light a national salute will bo fired op posite the City Hall. Committee—G. F. Parish, W. Rankin, andS. M- Thompson, on the part of the City Council; F.. C. Curtis, H. O. Cook and P. H. Strong, on th ,c part of the Clinch Riflemen. (Tj- To enable us to remove any complaint c onsequent upon the neglect of our carriers, those ' vho may hereafter, at any time he overlooked, arc requested to notify its. The attention of our citizens being called to day, to a consideration of the report of the Com i mittee upon the petition of the South Carolina j* Canal and Rail Road Company, praying permis. sion to establish a depot within the corporate ] limits of the city ; also to report upon the rcsolu- I tions offered on the 22d, in favor of Savannah we present, involving ns it does considerations connected with this subject, a part of the reporl i of the Chief Engineer of the Central Rail Road ! Company, We have given to this report only '| an hasty perusal, yet believe from the report i that apart from any considerations of state prid, | or obligation to co-operate with Savannah, tha 1 it presents to public view, facts which must arres ! attention, even should they fajl to produces prae r tienl result in her favor. It is supposed by many | that the action of our citizens, whether favorabh j or adverse to the petition from Carolina, will hi 1 decisive upon upon this question—this is not true 1 the assent of the Legislature being necessary toi ■ confirmation of our decision, and whatever there » I lore may be done, can only be done with a pros pective reference to her granting or withholding such a power. As it is a matter involving tin deepest interests of Augusta, we cannot but be 1 lievc that our citizens will he general in their at I tendance. The following is the report to which we havt referred: “ It has long been considered a desideratum tc 1 effect an internal communication liy means of n Rad Road, belwazu the state of Ohio and a Southern Atlantic port. Charleston has been selected as the great port of debouche, and twe router, have been before the. public, in a position of rivalry for effecting ibis great communication, both arc common as far as Knoxville, in Ten nessee ; here they diverge; the great Louisville, Charleston and (Jin. innati route takes the French Broad river, and passing through Ashvillc, N. C. and Columbia, 8. C„ joins the South Carolina Kail Road at Brnnchville, and pursues that road to Charleston, making a total distance from Cin cinnati of about 720 miles. The other route, which we shall rail the “ Georgia route,” pursues ! the Hiwassce Rail Road to tire Georgia Sta'e line, thence by the Georgia Rail Road, via Madi son and Greenshorough to Augusta, and by the South Carolina road, it ends at Charleston—dis tance from Cincinnati about 750 miles. These two. have hitherto been considered the great rival routes: but, as the probability of the Louisville, Charleston, and Cincinnati road being continued farther than Columbia, S. C., appears to he fast fading away, the “Georgia route” is left in possession of the field, unless the route via Macon to Savannah, is found to possess sufficient advantages to entitle it to a claim to public favor. We will designate this last as the “Central route,” and make a Grief comparison between it and the “Georgia route.” Taking the eastern terminus of the Western and Atlantic Rail Road in DeKalh county, as a common point, the distances respectively to Charleston and Savannah, will be as follows: GEORGIA ROUTE. From the eastern terminus of the Western and Atlantic Rail Road in DeKalb county — Miles. To Madison, T f 65 From Madison to Greens-I borough, VGeo. R, R.-' 25 From Greenshorough to ( ) Augusta, J U 79 Front Augusta to Charles ton, S. C. R. R. 137-30 G CENTRA! ROUTE. From the eastern terminus of the Western and Atlantic Rail Road in DeKalb county — To Forsyth, 7 _ „ C 69 From Foisyth to Macon, 3 1 f° llroc^ 735 From Macon to Savan nah, Central R.R. 193 287 Difference in favor ofCentral route, 1 This difference in distance is so small as to he of little consequence. Let us however carry the comparison a little further, and examine the rela tive capacity for transportation, &c., of the two routes. The Central Rail Road presents an uncom monly favourable profile, having no inclination of grade exceeding 30 feet per mile, and no curva ture on a less radius than 2000 feet. The allign ment consists for tlte most part, of straight lines ; in some instances 16-miles in extent—and is in all other respects, capable of sust tilling as much traffic, as any other rail road in the Southern States. The Monroe Rail Road is finished, and nowin use from Macon to Forsyth, 25 miles, and is similar in point of allignment and grades, to the Georgia Rail Road. The remainder of the dis tance to the State road in DeKalh county, is known to possess uncommonly favorable features for a Rail Road route. Taking the “Georgia route,” —the South Carolina Rail Road, although generally free from frequent curvatures, has sev eral of less radii than 2000 feet. The maximum of inclination of grade is 36 feet per mile, and the road is moreover burdened with an inclined plane requiring a stationary steam engine. The Georgia road lias a great number of curves, & a small proportion ofstraight line, though none of the curves arc on radii of much less than 2000 feet. The road is in all other respects exccillent, completed as far as Greenshorough, 79 miles The distance thence to Madison, 25 miles, is under contract, and it is presumed may be compared with the part finished as to grades and curves. From Madison to the Western and Atlantic road, the route is most dilficult, and the construction will be very expensive, though it is supposed a loca tion is practicable without exceeding an ascent of 26 feet per mile. To compare the cost of the two routes, the “Georgia route” may be estimated as follows : From the eastern terminus of the Westi rn and At lantic road to Madison, $1,200,000 Madison to Greenshorough, 600,000 Greenshorough to Augusta, 1,200,000 S. Carolina Rail Road, 3,000,000 —6,000,000 CENTRAL ROUTE. Central Rail Road $2,300,000 Macon to Forsyth, 450,000 Forsyth to Western and Atlantic road, 1,000,000 $3,750,000 , Difference in favor Central Route, $2,250,000 In the above statements, great accuracy cither in distances or amounts is not aimed at; but whatever errors there may be, will not affect ma -1 terially the result of the comparison 1 It will of course be admitted that the expense of keeping the roads in repair on the Central . route, will not exceed that of the other, as the proportion of deep cutting and heavy embank ments, is far less on the former than the latter. . It follows then, that with the same amount of business, the Stockholders of the Central route may reduce their rale of freight, to at least one 1 third less than those of the Georgia route, and re alize equal profits. In relation to the merits of the city of Savan t nah as a commercial mart, I will only remark, that the bar of the entrance of the river is not ex c celled by any south of the Potomac. I have seen e ships drawing 20 feet water pass over it. The city is less than 20 miles from the ocean, and ships carrying 2000 bales of cotton have load ed at the wharves, and by dropping down 3 j miles may lake in 2800 or upwards. 1- It is indeed unnecessary to say more in favour a ofSavannah as an outlet for the great Southern staple, than to mention the fact, that her exports of cotton have for several years past exceeded c those of Charleston, by many thousand bales per i- annum. On the score of health, it may be confidently affirmed that no city in the Southern Stales can 18 shew more favourable bills of mortality in propor rt tion to the population, tor the last twelve years, J than the city of Savannah. A Charter was granted at the last session of ■ v the Legislature, for a branch Kail Road to eon t. ncct tills road with the city of Augusta; and in la compliance with a request from a committee of the citizens ol Burke county, a survey was made under the direction of this department, for the 5t purpose of ascertaining the cost, dec. of that por t> tion of the route between the Central Rail Road y ami Waynesborough. A report with estimates l" and maps in detail, showing the result of this survey, was communicated to the above named )c Committee. As that Report has not been pub e; fished, the following synopsis may be made. a The route surveyed diverges from the line of tile Central Rail Head about of a mile below tlie point where this toad crosses Dig Duekhead s- Creek, and pursues the general direction of the g valley of this creek for about 10 miles, to Rose ~ merry creek—here bending to the right it as sumes the dividing ridge between the waters of c ' Buckhead and Briar creeks, and follows this t- ridge over a moderately undulating country to Waynesborough. The distance is 22J miles—which, added to c the distance from the point of junction to the city ot Savannah, 79 miles; and the distance from o Waynesborough to Augusta, 32£ miles—makes a a total distance of 134 miles from Savannah to a Augusta hy Rail Road, being only 12 miles lon n gerthau the direct stage route, o There will be no inclination of grade exceed in" 30 feet per mile, and no curvature on a ra dius of lens than 2000 feet. The cost of the road from the Central Rail Road to Waynesborough is estimated at $183,- i 800, exclusive of Locomotive Engines, Can,, i &c., and contemplating a superstructure similar i to that of the Central road, with a plate rail sup -1 ported hy longitudinal string pieces. The citizens of Savannah, by a unanimous vote in town meeting, requested the corporate | authorities to subscribe $lOO,OOO to the Capital ! Stock of this mad—and .should the city ot Au | gusta take a like sum there is every reason le j expect dial the large resources of the county of ! Burke,, and the public spirit of its citizens, with | those of the two cities, will supply, the remain der of the required funds, and that we shall soan sec this branch in progess. From the N. Y. Courier fy Enquirer, June 2S. L>ater from England. Tile packet ship Cambridia, Capt. Bursley, ar ; rised yesterday from Liverpool, whence she sailed on tbe2Lst ulto. We have received our usual files of London and Liverpool papers by this con veyance f The London papers, though three days later in date than those before received, in fact contain but two days later intelligence ol the London money market, and during that period little change in its general appearance had taken place. The meetings of the Chaitists still continue, but they seem easily suppressed whenever the prisons assembled proceed to any excesses. The intelligence from the Continent is not la ter than was already in aur possession. From the Morning Herald May 18. Money for commercial discounts continues in | full demand, and is not tobco!minted on any con dition, under five per cent; therefore it cannot, he doubted but that the determination of the Bank of England yesterday will operate asa steady re striction upon their issues. From the Liverpool Alt)ion, May‘2l. St it is or Tbadk at Maschestku.—Al though it is impossible to announce any actual revival in the demand for manufactured goods generally, yet it is satisfactory to know that in those branches in which the stagnation has been most severely felt, the only safe and certain cura tive process is in operation. Short time and a diminution of production can alone restore the equilibrium so violently shaken by the events of 1837. And so prudently have the manufacturers prepared for such a necessity, that we now sec it acted on with little inconvenience to any party; and without any of those disasterous and danger ous results which have formerly attended sudden and unforeseen movements of a similar character. The drain upon the Savings’ Banks has passed its climax, and the claims upon the poor rates have not risen,—and chow no tendency to rise, be yond the ordinary and accustomed amount. From the London Morning Chronicle, May 20. There is no abatement in the pressure for money or in the rates of commercial discount. This “tightness,” as it is termed in the Money Market, appears to have arisen from a combina tion of circumstances, of which one must bo decidedly the late adverse state of the continen tal exchanges, and another the late and existing political agitation which has prevailed almost throughout the country—circumslanccs of them selves sufficiently important to render every pcitr tion of the banking and monetary interests <X tremcly cautious, to these it may be added that it is pretty well understood that the late heavy speculations in cotton and grain have not turned out so favorably as the speculators without doubt fully anticipated. This circumstance, has of course, rendered not only the Bank of England, but the banking interests generally, rather shy of the bills drawing against those speculations, which at present inundate the dis count market; therefore, for a while, little or no alteration in the value of money can he antici pated. The dealings in the Peninsular Bonds to day have been so limited, that the quotations are merely nominal; in the Transatlantic Bonds there has however, been a little jobbing, which has caused a slight improvement in some of them. The Railway Share Market still betrays symp toms of giving way. For the Chronicle and Sentinel. Signs of the Times, Hardly one crisis is booked in the annals of history, when another draws near, gathering her storm-portcudirig clouds over our commercial em poriums, and threatening in their explosion to drain the country of its substance, through the countless ramifications which connect all the dis. ferent interests of the nation with the great artery of commerce. A decline of twenty-five per cent, takes place in the value of our great staple, in the face of the shortest crop that ever was, in proportion to the increased consumption ! A superabundance of breadstutf is pouring into the sea ports of the North, from the hidden resources of the Western world ; and though relieving the laboring com munity, adds to the embarrassment of the com mercial, by the sudden depreciation of the value of flour, and withall, one of the main wheels in the machinery of commerce is suddenly clogged hy an enormous rate of discount—the Bank of England ! This last sign of the times is considered by men of experience the most alarming, because it will take the prop from under the produce mar ket, and make it tall into the lap of needy and greedy consumers. This is especially the case with cotton, held for American account, for by the high rate of discount, foreign securities are in a great measure useless to sustain the holders and hence it is feared that a great sacrifice of American properly may have been submitted to in England before this time. The effects indeed would be most distressing, and of incalculable consequences, and it is strange that some New York journals speak in a most trilling manner of such an event, which, although it would fall principally upon the Southern states, would exer cise a powerful reaction upon the North. Has such an evil been brought on as a natural consequence of a reckless speculation I Or is it true that the high prices change the ground oi speculation by checking the consumption ? Let us examine with what degree of nece sity thete losses would at this time he submitted to. f- The consumption of cotton has not been checked at prices much higher than this year, but has steadily increased for the last twenty yea s. Admitting that it has last jerr ou'st ipped hy eight per cent, its regular increase of nine per cent., that difference will be more than equal ised, counting upon the same con umpiion during the present year. If two million hales are r.r nually wanted in Europe and America, is the deficiency of one-fourth of that quantity in the crops ot this country a visionary cause for spec ulation ! Denying this, the present threatening cams- • ■