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CHRONIGLK A. N D SKN riNKL. a i «. i s i a . TIM usDav morning, jit-a i*. FOR governor, cii viti, i; s i) <» i giii: it 'l' V , lir (LAIIK t'Ol NTV. ' U»mg to accident our editorial inlcmk'il for to-duy is excluded. I\n i t 'pondtni e i/ the National Inlellignicei. Ntw Voiik, June 10. The stale of exchange between New Vorkand !,nml. lll is a mailer attracting lliueli attention. The rule has not changed. Our hanks arc in so bouiul a condition, doing business upon so strong a specie basis, that they have nothing lo fear, anil it is hardly possible lor any state ol tilings to arise, u liieli cun turn the exchanges much iignin-l ns. lint (lie absence of all power ol union in these Stales to present a compact broadside to tho batteries oft he Hank ol England is seriously b it. Her power over our great staple is almost com plete. She has lint to raise the rule ol interest and cotton falls in New York, Charleston, Mo bile, New Orleans, and Natchez. This great regulator of foreign exchange, for so rollon now is, is thus at once, il not knocked from us, shaken at lea-t. Hilt do not infer from this that there is the least intention in these Northern States lo move upon the subject of a national bank. Our exchanges, among ourselves, in the Northern and Middle Stales, are pretty well. We are only ill, ami we shall not complain (ill the Southwest and South ate n'r/c. If they obtain votes enough lo give ns the Hull-Treasury, we cansluml it a little longer than tiiey can. At any rale, when they, under that system, let a specie dollar slip out of their hunks, we will gather it up in our great duly collecting reservoir here. There is not the least intention, I firmly believe, on the part of the Nor thern politicians, to move lor a national bank, un til the s mth cries out she has got “enough !” “enough!" of our favorite son’s sub-Treasury physic. They pay from ten to twenty per cent, lax now in ire than we do on every pound often, every yard of broadcloth, every piece of calico or inanufaelured goods; and the problem we are sol ving is, how long they will he content to do it. From the New Oilcan s lice. Mexico. Wo h avo been permitted to make the follow ing extract of a letter received by a commercial house in tills city. It will he found interesting, as it throws some light upon the movements of Mexico und her designs particularly in regard to Texas. Mkxico, June 15, IHiill, Os the political events that have liefallen, and the high handed measures of Bantu Ana, yon are doubtless lolly inldrined. Von perhaps do not know, however, that Gen Cortuzur, has for some time been very ill treated by Manta Ana, a el sim r t ic capitulation of Tamp co, il is iimiii- I si that ever since the assassination of the heioic Mejia, hath Coil i/.ar and ItiHtamenle. have been in close correspondence with IJrrea. This and the facility with which Arista (whom Manta Ana hates as lines the devil) possessed himself ol Tam pico, hive created some doubts ami misgivings - in the mind ol his exeelh n y as lo the final issue, ol his ambitious project; in ennseipienee he has procured Hravo in he elected president of the "coulys del gohierno,” and gives out that he in tends retiring to his farm for the ro-cslahlishinenl ol his health; at the same time the impress ment ol soldiers goes on as hotly as ever, and even more actively ; and for what purpose ! There arc but two usaignuMu reasons (unless ilioy are apprehensive tli.it (lie French "-ill Mill trive *i. ... j wiii »o io (irmly establish a military despotism, and the other to invade Texas. The government is exerting all Us power to in duce lln Hand lo receive Texas in part payment ol its debt. Perhaps it intends making one grand c liar Ito lay the country in ruins and drive out the inlt I'oilanls, in order lo accomplish tins end. The convocation of a popular national assembly is sud lo he in contemplation, with the view of forging permanently a constitution and govern ment, according with the wishes of the majo rity ol nation, lint we are in a complete chaos, and cannot see or even conjecture, with any de gree of certainly, what new ilnulmcnl is next to befall us; lor the fate ol Mexico depends much mero on chance, if there may he such a thing, than on the wisdom of her rulers. Padre Mnl doun is still in Innha —he was imprisoned more lor disrespectful conduct to the chief magistrate than for any thing else. Piik I.Aim’s Co vi pa MON.— Pile July No. of this excellent periodical is embellished with a licauliful engraving of the Viaduct of the Balti more and \\ asliingtou Bail Koad over the river Patuxent. Phe following interesting sketch is in relbrnnee the plate is taken from it. The arches of the Viaduct, in the plate which wo here present lo our readers, span the Patux ent, a stream, which at some points, is of very considerable depth and breadth, hut which, in ad dition lo its own loveliness, becomes an object of interest lor its being the scene of actions which transpired during our country’s last war with 'Great Britain. The view will be recognized for its faithlnhiess in every particular; and. that il may be more forcibly impressed upon the memo ry, we annex some ol the historical passages which glorify it. drawn from the most respected authorities. In M iy, ISM. while the British wore attempt ing to id s'kade the coast, in the command of a llo lllhi. c miprising a cutter, two gun boats, a g d ev, and nine targe barges, Comma lore Buraev sail e 1 liom Ba ltmore for the protection of the bav. At the month of tin- Patuxent, on the first of June, he discovered and chased two schooners, one of which, ear. id ei hieen gnus. I'hesehoo uo.s ware soon jo n .1 by a sevc ily-f, ur gun ship* which sent a mini erof barges lo their assistance, and the Commodore, lo avoid being cut ol) from tile Potomac, sided up the Patuxent. The sehooneis and bilges having followed him, he engaged a i I drove them back, and anchored vv iih :in throe mil sos the seventy-four. After alow days, (lie Brit .ah were reinforced by n sloop-of war mid a razee, and joining the barges, they moved into Mt. Leo'ianl’s Creek, where Commo dore Barney had placed the flotilla across in line of battle. An engagement was the consequence. Thcencmy retreated, the floiilli followed, and in the afternoon the former made a second attack with twenty barges and two schooners. The Action was severe, ami the eighteen gun schoon er was run aground and abandoned. A corps of artillery arriving from Washington on the twen ty-sixth, the Commodore attacked the whole squadron, and after an action ol two hours,drove the enemy's ships down the river. The British Government, hostilities in Europe having ceased, sent out reinforcement* to their fleet in America. Mir Alexander Cochrane arri ved with thirty sail, and several thousand men, under Major General Ross. This power entered the Chesapeake, and a plan of attack was formed against \\ ashington, Alexandria and Baltimore, the Secretary of Stale having been honorably in finned by the Admiral, that his orders were to la waste di the accessible t >wns on the oast, li two di i si mi ih ■ 11-et app.M .coed the cipit.d by I e P id 11 •• hi id P i uxent. t-orn 11 al ne Harney, obedient to orders, blew up the flotilla in the Patuxent, and, with hi.- met’, joined General Winder. General Roes landed ) J ' J six thousand men at the head of frigate na'lga | j tion. lie wan met by General Winder, and his | force of five thousand men, at Dladensburgh. 1 The action commenced at noun. In the main I road by winch the Hritish advanced,wasCommo- I dorc Harney's battery. Alter never d vain al j tempi* wcie made to |i iss Inin, the main colnom I win t i own n idi o e . His was llr.m flanked. In all other points, tins Drilish gamed, and Commodore Harney. with a slight force, stood alone. The Commodore was wounded in the thigh, and had but a single round of cartridge left; Gen era! K issliad nearly the rontrol ol the field, I bun situated, the Commodore reluctantly retreated, and soon fell, exhausted I>y the loss ol 'lord. Talo n prisoner, lie was borne to the enemy s bos i pilal.kindly treated, and on his recovery, released on bis pal role. General H ,-s marched to the capital, and bur ne I the jin In- buildings, an act which was imtne dia'elv condemned by the Driiisii Government. The division of the enemy’s (hot which went ! nji the Potomac, consisted of eight sail, nod was commanded by Cajitain Gordon, It was directed to attack Alexandria. The town surrendered, and stipulated that the houses should neither he entered nui di-alloyed. Captain Gordon, afterwards, with a fleet of prizes taken from Alexandria, sailed to join the, rest of the Mijuadron in the Che ajieake, receiving some damage Irion the batteries near the mouth ol the river as he descended, and united in the ess formidable actions against Dallimore. The fallowing verses, as an illustration, were written tx Icmpuri', on I eholding the plate, by the author of •■Julietta Gordini,” What a change has old Time, in Ids course here created, Patuxent 1 sweet liver, sinre when a mere hoy, faraway fiem my home, with sweet Pleasure co uialeil. On thy hunks we discovered the fountains of Joy- I remember the day when the cannon’s loud rattle, Shook the hounds of thy bed like the thunder’s dread roar, And the smoke that arose from the scene of the battle, Spread above thee in clouds, and enshrouded thy shore. At a distance I stood and beheld with deep wonder, Through the far-lengthened line, as each light ning-flash broke, While the scene was confused by the echoing thun der. The dead and the dying that fell in tl e smoke. Oh,how jieucefu) ami quiet is now till around thee, Thy hanks are disturbed by no din that destroys, for twinned Commerce and W isdorn have happily found I lice, And their zeal for mankind now thy service em ploys. Thou art spanned by triumphant and useful high arches, Which unite thy rich banks, as a clasp, firm and strong, And Knterprise there with a magic o’erniarehcs, While her votaries follow and fear not to throng. What a change lias old Time, in his course here created, Patuxent ! sweet river, since when a mere hoy, far away from my home, \< ith sweet Pleasureeo mated, On thy hanks we discovered the fountains of Joy. A bridge two hundred and twenty-four foot long, constructed on a single ureli resting upon solid slime abutments at eaeli extremity, has been thrown across the Schoharie Kill creek at the village of I’ralsvillc, Green County, New Vork. It is believed to be the largest bridge made in the form of a single arch in this country. Irtllll Vie A’. | ii/Ti i 001017 rail AtU>rrttf*or, Mneken/.ie’s Defence, We should like te see a full report of Mr Patriot Mackenzie’s apeech, on bis trial at Canan daigua. The papers Dial reported llio trial all spoke of it as very irregular and sometimes inco herent, Iml not wanting in ability, Mackenzie, with all his faults, is a man of talent, hut chiefly rental liable for Ins untiring industry atm perse verance, win tiler in a good cause or a bad one. lie comjdains bitterly of ti is imprisonment, and we cun easily imagine Unit, to a man of bis ener getic character and hahils, the inactivity of a prison must be cruelly irksome. We can even feel some degree of “sympathy” for him—hateful as that word has become—remembering that he is old, pool, and suffering under grievous disaji jiomlmeiils. lint his misfortunes arc all of his own procuring; ami although we may pity him in his fallen estate, we cannot wish that he had escaped the laws which he had so grossly violated. The Dulfalii Commercial gives an outline of his defence, one portion of which disjdavs no little ingenuity at the expense of certain “demo cratic organs” in this rejmhhc, standing high in favor with the party and the Government. He might have added the name of one greater than any of them; hut perhaps lie had forgotten the existence id (ion. Jaekson, The following is an extract from the sketch in the Uullulo jmpor. -lie also alluded to the law under which lie was indicted—and expressed his opinion that it had become a dead letter by noil user —in suji porl of lliis singular position, alluding to the laxity with which the laws had been adminis ter! d. especially in the case of Texas; to revo lutionize which, he said, companies of men had been raised in the United States, and boldly nmrehed through the country, armed and eijuip jied. and no one so much as to ask, Why do ye so f This, he contend'd, was sufficient to mis lead a poor foreigner like him, who had been but twenty-four hours in tin- county at the time the alleged otlcnccs wore committed tor which he was now arraigned. He also alleged that men, 'learned in the law,' at liull’alo and elsewheie. were more active than he was— and how could it be expected, when learned lawyers and mayors of cities thus conducted, that he should iiave ever dreamed that then- was a muatv law upon the statute hook to bring him before a court of justice, and pul him in danger of a State prison j and a feion’s tare, tor doing lor his countrymen I what our forefathers had done for ns ! “He also quoted largely from the Democratic Review—a publication which he termed -a Gov ernment work,’and which he said was praised in the Globe, another Government paper, and en i dorsed by the Albany Argus, another Govern j inent jiaper, and which the counsel tor the United I Smi-s and all his political friends regarded as \ orthodox in all matters of Government policy— | and by Mr. Kitehie. 'another Government editor ! at Richmond'—the editor of which said Review, hi short, had lately been sent olf to some foreign place as a higli Government agent—to show that I he (Mackenzie) had pursued a highly patriotic course, and had done nothing more than Hancock, j and Adams, and Franklin. Ate., had done for [ the United States, in their memorable struggle for inde|N'ndenee; which said language of said Gov- I eminent paper, tints generally endorsed by Gov- I eminent editor upon Government editor, he eon ' c.’ived a sort of semi-official endorsement of his conduct. “lie also read from the New Hampshire Pa | Iriot. a paper of the same polities as the gentleman bringing this jirosceulion, and ‘an official paper of Mr. Van Horen’s, and edited by a Mr. Hill, wlm in believed was a Van Boren Senator of the I m:ed Stales, a very -lio i ; article, up ■•roving of iv, ylliiug lie (the de'i n 1 .at | had d- tie. ; was . hard, he sa d. when ah these papers spoke as thev did. that he should be prosecuted. He could not j understand it ! And it was he said, under these J y 1 circumstance, ‘vary bad taste in the Warned counsel of the Government to bring an indict' ’ incut against the like of him!’ 11c also brought In the New Era, ‘another paper belonging to ■ ihe Government of the country,’ to support him in the course lie had taken.” Fatai. Ui.m orrm.—On Saturday afternoon | last, an individual 1-y the name of Greene 11. i Musslewhile was shot in the street, opposite to I Mr. Muson’s Hotel, by Mr. John Ragsdale, ( and died in a lew minutes afterwards. Mr. : Ragsd.de immediately delivered himself up to the I Justices of the Inferior Court who alter bearing ! testimony in the ease, hound him over to appear j at Court in a bond of one thousand dollars, and two securities for the like amount. As the Court is now in session, we forbear commenting upon j the causes which led to this termination ol a per se.nil difficulty between the parties concerned, both of whom have been for several years resi dents of our City. A Coroner’s Inquest was held ( * over the body of the deceased, on .Sunday morn ing, which returned a verdict in effect "that the deceased was killed by Ihe discharge ol a double barrelled gun, by John h. Ragsdale in self-de fence.”—Mil/et/gnille Journal ij l/if Hi///. r From the New York Slur. Rons, June 1, 1839. This letter is written on a venture. A (riend leaves lids afternoon for Paris, and I am curious to see whether (entrusting it to Ids care, to put into the post for England) it will he in time for despatch by the steamboat from Liverpool, so that a letter wiitlen in the capital of the Caesars on the first ol June, may be in New \ ork by that day inonlli, after running from Rome to Paris, from Paris to Dover, from Dover to London, from London to Liverpool, and thence across the At iiutlic. Could you have believed this possible, 1 six years ago. If my letters have been unfrequent, it is from want of a mode of communication with you, and ’ an apprehension that tin r contents are not worth the dignity ol print—You ate pleased to think i otherwise, so I have only to write. In my letters from Naples, I omitted to men tion the lion of the place—Mount Vesuvius. I shall briefly allude to it. West of Naples, the hills contain four or five extinct volcanoes, as you may see on examining them. Chore may have been two or three others, but their forms are not sufficiently determinate. Each ol the extinct ones bus a crater (or deep round cavity in its centre) just like that of Vesuvius after an eruption ; one of these is well known as li c Sollafara. Part of its sides and Ihe w hole bottom of its crater, is covered with a yellow deposit, of which one third is sulphur. At so shallow a depth as a foot be neath the surface, the soli is so hot that the hand cannot hear it (1 tried it, and was glad to draw away my hand,) and at several parts vapors arise hotter than ‘2l*2 degrees, the temperature of boil ing water. You throw a heavy stone up into the a r and when it falls on the ground, it gives a hollow sound like that which it would make if thrown upon a floor resting on arches:—the opin ion, true to some extent no doubt, is that you stand on a shell of coherent matter, covering a void space at the bottom oi which is a gulf of fire. Long before any record in history, two large cur rents of trarhytie lava had issued from the Solta fara. In the neighborhood of these currents the sulphurous exhalations and the highest tempera ture are found. The crater, which is 300 feet deep about half a mile wide, has a growth of tall weeds covering it at the north side, which shews that there the soil has no unnatural heat. The Sollafara is twelve miles from the crater of Mount Vesuvius. A lone spot, which the guide pointed out to me, the hot fumes issue forth with great violence, (that is from the Sollafara,) and a large tunnel of east metal or earthenware has been placed over it, like a chimney, through Which Ihi* viipmir »'«ln thp >iir. instead of being scattered about. The guide added, that whenever Vesuvius is in a state of eruption— twelve miles off. you must remember—this cur rent of vapour ceases, and does not rc-nppear uu- II the eruption is over. That this is the fact, I have no reason to doubt, (although 1 never saw it mentioned by any writer,) and it was confirmed to m 1 by several men of science at Naples. It is said that for the distance of twelve miles, there is a direct and constant communication, under ground, between Vesuvius and the Sollafara. I leave the fuel as a nut which some of your gcol ogis s may crai k—if they can. Among the Neapolitan curiosities, I saw the three columns of the Serapcum, at Pozzuli, which are chiefly remarkable as forming one fact, —that a temple built by the Romans on terra Anna,had sunk down with the soil ou which it stood—and the waves covering its floor to the depth of many yards and washing the shafts ot its columns, near ly at half their height—and that, after remaining lor centuries in this position, another movement (volcanic!) of the soil lifted them up twenty-three feet, to the position they now occupy. Lyell, the English geologist, thinks these two movements must have been slow and gradual, ns otherwise, out of 30 or 40 columns, there would not have been even one standing now. Enough of Naples. Why need I describe Ve suvius 1 Read Cooper or Lady Blessington. Cardinal Eesch, Napoleon’s uncle died in this city on the 13th of last month. He was Arch bishop of Lyons, and a man of more taste than talent. His remains are interred, by this time, i at Corveto. by the side of his sister, Madame Mere. '1 o Ajaccio, where he was horn, he has left a large sum to build and endow a school and a church. To Lyons he has also given a liberal bequest. His will occupies 18 pages. His exe cutor is his major dome, who has been 36 years I in (hatcapacity. His so’c heir is Joseph Buona- I parte, known now as the Count do Survilliers j To his family he has left handsome legacies. l’,.r of his pictures, which a c expected to yield j £lO,OOO a year (but this I very much doubt, [ large as his collection was) are to be sold and ; support Ins nephews, and such of their children jas bear the name of Buonaparte, He has left a i siuill box. worth some five Napoleons, to the Pope. Five days later (May 18) his niece, the Ex- Qttccn of Naples, died at Florence, in the arms oi her brother Jerome, Count de Montfort (Ex- Kmg ol Westphalia) and her daughter, the Countess di Ra-poni. She died ol earn er in the stomach, the same complaint that killed her fath er and' Napoleon. The Court of Tuscany treated 1 her with all possible kindness during her illness, and Louis Philippe sent to her the able physician who had attended his own daughter, the late Princess Mary Last y ear, the French Chambers voted her an annuity ol 100.1)00 francs, as com i pensalon lor her claims, and 1 presume they will j continue it to her family. In the Gazette de Rumn of to-day I see an , extract trom a Maiscilles paper, staling that May has been an unfortunate month for the Bomi pa** family—for that Napoleon died Mnv 5 18tn ; Pauline Borghese May 10. 18*25; Ca’nli , nal Feseh, May 13. 1831); and now, Caroline Bonaparte. May. I 839. If my memory does not • pi v me false, Pauline did not die on May 10,1 i t on Jnno 9. 1 8125. The last of Napoleon’s si-(c „ is now removed. M.s four brothers smvivc; Joseph, Ex-King of Spain; Louis. Ex-King of Holland ; Laeien. Prince of Canino; and Jc rome. Bx-Kingof Westphalia. Caroline Bonaparte, ex-queen of Naples, was Napoleon’s youngest sister—born in March, I i B*2, so she was in her 68th year. She was clever, and well i formed, a* well as handsome ■ In point ol talent she ranks next to Napoleon and Lucien. Fe brother the Emperor I .veil i and tea ed her- for h-* knew how soaring was her ambition. •'■'he married Murat in IBnp. He ; became Gand Duke of Berg in 1806. and King 0 f ■(.Naples in 1800. His wife was lew*) spect*d in her royal capacity—to this day her 1 n.une in held in veneration at Naples. As a wife and mother hot character stood high. Am bition was Iter fault, hut she had sound judg !no nt. Had Murat followed her advice he might j have been on the throne until this hour. 1 alley- j | rand said 01 her, •■.''he has Cromwell a head on the shoulders of a pretty woman. It is said that, when only Grand Duchess ol Berg, she com- 1 plained to Napoleon that she was obliged to say j ‘ Vour Majesty” to her brother Joseph’s wite. — ‘ One would think,” said he, “that I had wrong- : ed you out ol the kingdoms of the late King, our i father!” r Kite went by the name of the Countess dt La- I o.m—an anagram ol Napoli, The Duke of Devonshire—onre the leader ol | j fashion in London—is among the late arrivals | here lleisnow generally understood to have j turned ISain’ . His mother died here,some years | ago, a com r to the Romish faith. 1 should nut j wonder if that would he his own end. He lelt London inclined to ho an Evangelical. Here he | Ijs a daily worshipper in St. Deters. IDs expen- | diturc is vt ry small, for his own habits are not of | the Sybarite kind, and he has a very small suite. • As yet, though he has a great acquaintance, he has gone little into company. He is under fifty, is si* feel high, has light hair, long and inexpres sive face, and does dress so unbecomingly a shabby blue coat, bright yellow waistcoat, white trowsers, no shirt collar, and a black neck cloth, carelessly tied. You may enquire my impression of Rome. I shall give it very frankly— keeping hack for an other letter an account of the journey from Na ples. It is dirty, to a degree. It is as dull as a country town in mid-winter. It has scarcely a straight street, and they have the additional draw hack of being nearly as narrow us the streets o! Genoa, and they are execrably lighted. I have not seen, either in Naples or Rome, one hand some shop, case, or restaurant. There is one good street in Rome. That is the Torso, the principal one and the only one which is at all straight. It has Irotloira, which are rare in Rome, hut they are so narrow that two can scarcely walk abreast on them, and to add to their inutility, the porticoes of churches and projecting houses intrude upon them. The Tor so is a mile long and about 50 feet wide. Like the rest of Rome, it consists of houses from 3 to 5 stories high, built of stone, anil plastered over. Here and there are sprinkled huge old buildings (palazzi) whit h, in their bulky height, and an tique gnndeur, are striking contrasts to the mean, :■ ight tenements beside them. r l hey are (to lire a sporting word) a get between the palace, the prison and the fortress. Some of them arc now used as colleges, some as hotels, some let to tor eign consuls or ambassadors, as the families who own them have nought left hut these old dwell ings. In such as are inhabited by the owner, you sometimes use the lower story for shops, si metimes kept as stables, sometimes used for co ch houses, a rid sometimes for servants rooms. A p cturcgallery occupies the second story (that over the ground floor) and consists of a suite i f rooms oprning into i nch other, with marble i d - itmns and painted ceilings. Over this, in third s oty, lives the owner, who allows artirls and stranrrers to visit his gallery on paying a fiw paoli to the servants, which he divided with them. Altogether, there are some 300 of these palaces in Rome, hut only 50 or 60 arc of a first rale kind. I have been over the whole of Rome. lam sure I have not missed a single street. 1 have seen one new house in process of erection. In deed, it is believed that the population is decreas ing. In 1836, the whole population of Rome, (in cluding 700 Jews,) was nearly 160,000. This I find in Melchion’s Guide Method que de Home. a volume of nearly 1000 pages matter in French and Italian. In this population arc 37 bishops. 1468 priests, 2028 monks, 1384 nuns, 608 in houses of education. This gives u tojul of 561 o religious. This isthedl’uial return, hut well informed people smile and tell me there arc 10,- 100 priests and religions at least. In the city ore 34.805 families. So, according to the offi cial account there is a priest to every ten families, or (ns is generally believed) one In every Jive ! The number of priests one meets in the streets is immense. You don’t meet them singly, or in twos, hut in hunches of a dozen. The monks are equally numerous. In Rome arc 54 parish es; to each is a priest and his assistant. The pi i ’st has £6O a year, and if he he a monk (which he often i ) the money goes to his mon astery. The assistant has about J2OO a year. The monks whom you fall in with in the street are usually capuchins. They are not well-fed ; at least, they look like people who mortify the llesh. Indeed, a fat monkin Rome is rather rare—l nein a i-luul one for they do not appear unnaturally thin. Such dirty-looking fellows: the crown ol the head shaved, and covered hv a cap about the shape and size of a saucer. The face not shaved and seldom washed. The lems bare and the neck also. ’Flu* dress is a coarse brown cloth ol undyed wool reaching from the f boulders to the ancles. Round the ncek hangs a wooden crucifix. Round the waist confining the cloak, is a hit of rope byway of girdle. They have their faces bronzed by exposure to the air ands n. Old Weller said that width and wis dom always went together, with the monks one would think that holiness and dirtiness went to gether, By the lower orders they are much Lkrd more so, lam told, than the regular priests are. The priests are a superior class. Usually well looking always well dressed, clean and neat in persons—quiet and easy in demeanor. Their costume is a black cassock reaching from the neck to the heels, and buttoned down in front, a Wack or white cravat, (usually w hite) a cocked hat,! lack stockings, and handsome buckles on the shoes. They attend the cases, you see them at all public spectacles, you meet them at private pat tits, and, (even on Sunday evenings) they are at the theatres. They have the temptation of idleness, too, for they have very little to do. The 1 mats are he actual mid sos Rome. In all othee.', civil as wellecrleviaalical, they are placed. I my form the t ourt of the Pontiff. What arc i callul hom «> Princes are few, and most of them | are poor. Flic clergy are the sole depositories of j dignities, powers and honors. In effect, thcre tore. priestly orders confer the reality of nobility. hrir dress is aflecled, as an honor, by doctors of laws, anil other civil functionaries. It is the court dress—the dress of the gentleman. There | lore, tile black cassock and cocked hat do not in ! var ably indicate the priest. I must wind up this lette-. It may move >’ 1 ur n !er «*> think of my sending it to Paris ihv private hand. But the fact is, the Roman and I Neapolitan post offices have such a had nan e, as I I h'lUr-openers. that mine might I* opened, and i in t, at ease, tt would never be forwarded, as it ' ! 10,1 a,,,s roll •. turns on the priests. Tolerat on is pushed very far m Rome, but they don’t tolerate I let eel,ms on the clergy. And now. farewell.! write. Iha ' eaSafe °PP° r,uni ‘y again, I shall | Consignees per South Carolina RaU Road. H amduro, July 17, 1839. Mo m&Coste cr, S. Kneel ml , Son; T. N cs . I dt; M. & Co.; J. C. Wdlard; M. R. Smith; Rath bone ,v Bake ; 1. Dawson; 1. V oise; C. J, Cooke ;•■ 8- utebmson; J. W. Haughtom W. Allen- k'er mi.lnn \ Wray; 11. W. Su livan ,J. F. Benson- A,J rs n -N Adams; Jdle:s .% Poulware | .. USNT DENTIST r orernttitgrooms, second doo. f.o n Broad' tree, ' M m“3-° PPOSUCthe office I $ commercial. : Latest Jules from Liverpool, June 14 1 Latest Jutes front Havre .June IU Mobile, July 13. Cotton —Wc reported in our last 7,173 Pales as I the stock on hand. including all on shipboard not ' cleared; since then we have received 44/, bales, I (in lading 19 by wagons) and shipped to N. York, 1 4h7 and to Baltimore 07, making in a 14/4 leaving a stock on hand including all on shipboaid not I cleared of 7,1 16 bales, against 3,324 bales the same i time last season. The deficiency in our receipts I from the corresponding period last year amounts lu ! 65,802 hales. ' .... Since the receipt of accounts by the Liverpool, j there have been a Jew small sales, and a had cent 1 has been obtained over the previous limited trans • actions. 3 here are slid between 4 and 5,01 0 hales i in the hands of factois, either awaiting orders, or i held fora further advance. We quote actual sale-: ] (iuod fair to good, 15); fair, 14 a 14) ; middling, i 13) a 13?. ' BALTIMORE, July 12. | Coffee. —A sale of 2053 bugs Rio has taken place, at auction, at prjpes ranging from lb? to 13 cents. | We note sales by private contract of LaGuayra at 11? a 12? for ordinary to good —prime is held at 12) cents. . Hour. —Howard street—There is very Utt.e do ing iu this article. Some holders askfo 87), and others arc willing to sell at $6 76 . The wagon and Hail Road price continue# at $5 02). 4 lie ic ceipts during the week have been lair. City .Mils. —We hear of no transactions —the last sales at $6 having so nearly swept the market as to leave perhaps not IUO barrels in mrlle.i hands —all told. . , Susquehanna. —The current price is $u 87). An occasional lot of fresh ground, ol extra quality, has been taken at $6. Corn. —in the early pail of the week white was sold as in quality at 78 a 81 cents, ai d yellow at SO aBl cents. Since then the market lias fallen oil a little, and we quote white for shipment to-day at 70 a 77. Yellow readily commands 80 cents. Provisions , —Several large lots ot prime \V cstern assorted liacon were sold at 11) cents, and parcels not so good a' II cents. A lot Western Shoulders was sold at 10 cents-aud a lot of 20,000 lbs. Haiti more cured Sides at 12 cents. The market is now very quiet. Wc quote Prime Western assorted bacon at 11) cents, and inferior at prices varying according to condition. Prime V\ cstern Hams at 12) al3 Holders of Lard oiler to sell No. 1 Western at 12 cents, and No. 2at 11 cents, which is a decline. Sugars. —Some sales of Poito Rico, good to prime, have been made at $8 60 a $9, We quote the range of inferior to p;irae at $7 25 a $9. Hold ers are mm, and there is a bettei feeling on the pait of buyers At auction on Tuesday 200 bags ( üba were sold at $7 a $7 to, and 6 bags white do. $8 35. Also, 12 hhds. Muscovado at $7 10. Whiskey. —The market has been very dull du ring the week, and at the beginning of it holders submitted to a small decline in prices. Limited sales of hhds. have been made at 37 cents, in the early part of the week, there were limi cd sales of barrels from stores at 39 < cuts, and since at a 39 cents. The wagon price of bids, throughout the week has been 33 cents, with a downward tenden cy to-day. New York, July 13. Coffee. —The market continues as before noticed, exceedingly inactive, with sales confined exclusive ly to pan els for home use The transactions com prise about 500 bags Brazil at 10) a 11), (92 do. 10?, cash;) 6 a 001 do. Laguira. 12 a 12?. princi p ally at the latter rate ; a few bags Cut a, 11 ? ets., rl 4 tnos ; and 2 a 300 do. St. Lorn in go, 9? a 10 cents, cash and lime. Cotton. —The partial revival of demand noticed in our last has since continued, chiefly for exporta tion, the transactions in all descriptions having amounted to upward of 2000 hales, without any further variation in pi ices. The sales comprise 800 bales Upland at 11? a 14) j 500 do. Mobile, l g a 10; 500 do. N. Or cans,(l2 a1I) a 1(1; and 20(1 do. Florida, 12 a 14jj cents ; forming a total lor the week of about 39011 bales. Flour —We have still to notice the continuance of excessive dullness in the market fur nearly ev ery description, tiie demand, with the exception of occasional orders for exportation, being yet confin ed lo parcels as necessary to supply the wants of immediate home use. There has also occurred in prices of Wes ern a farther reduction of fully 12) cents per barrel; which has not, however, ex tened to Southern desi riptiuns, of which the sales were confined chiefly to Georgetown at $6,12) a $6,37) the previously quoted rates; of Western Canal, sales of fair to good common bands were made at $6 a $6,12); and of Ohio, via Erie canal good brands at 55,37). A sale of 500 bbls Richmond Country was also made at $6,12). Spirits —'The market for foreign of every de scription continues as before noticed, the sales ex tending meicly to parcels as required by the trade to supply immediate wants without material varia tion in prices of any kind. Domestic Spirits, also including Whiskey, remain about as previously re ported. Sugar —We have no variation or importance to notice, the demand being yet limited, though with out change in prices for any description; tl e sales include about 3000 hhds Porto Rico at 6? a 8); 150 do St Croix, 9 a9?; 25 do Martinique, at a.iout6); 2 a 300 boxes Brown Havana, 8? a 8?, with some piinie at 9; and 300 do V\ bite, 11? a 12) cents, on the usual credit. t .A 1A KI rv E 1N TE LLI (. El\ Cl:. , Savannah, Juld 16. Cleared. —Ship Milledgeville, Porter, N. York ; schooner September, Loane, liosion . schr. (State Rights, Atwood, New York. I Charleston, July! 7. (leaved Ship John Gumming, Thayer, (Iver pool; brig Chili, Bunney, Havana. ,J (D" BENEVOLENT SOCIETY—The VfoTr meeting ol tins Society will be held in the .v'lho dist Sunday School Room on Friday evening Ixt j«ly IS C. F. STURGIS, Scorn" Members arc particularly requested to be Jiic tual, as business of importance connected witWhe approaching anniversary will be transacted. ■ 03“ NOTICE. —The Rail Road Passenger 7V«I between Charleston and Hamburg, will leave V follows: ■ UPWARD. ■ Not to leave Charleston before 700a. h. I “ Summerville, “ - -8 30 K “ Georges’, - “ - U) 00 A “ Branchville, “ . 11 00 “ Midway, - “ - ]|3o m. V “ Blackviile, - “ -100 p. m. ■ “ Aiken, - - “ . 300 Arrive at Hamburg not before - 400 li DOWNWARD. V Not to leave Hamburg before 600 am I “ Aiken, -“ - - 730 ’ 1 u Blackviile, “ - * 930 I “ Midway, “ . . ]0 30 I Branchville, “ - - II 00 I “ “ Georges’, “ --1200 m. I Summerville,“ - - 2 OOp M 1 Arrive at Charleston not before 300 I Distance 136miies. Fare Through—slo 00 ' Speed not over 20 miles an hour. To remain 20 i minutes each, for breakfast and dinner a™ nut itafion ° m ‘ nUteS for wood water at any i To stop for passengers, wbm a white tine is i hoisted, at cither of the above stations- and alhf-t 4.ne.t1., Woodstock, inahinet’s 41 mife T ()' I la&SWs’'*" Passengers up will breakfast at Woodstock -null incnt.Uackvi.le; dram, will hreakfi™ Ai k In , and dine at Summerville. mav 2H n JQ B ™U v °LLNT SOCIETY, for the toenfft f Hie Sirt, lour of Augusta and its vicinity. j as f°r aie N ": h ~ m - A- McLane, Jr. U. Pike, Mrs. Smith, (ass Marshall. f Division Ao. 2.—p r . }j Harris, Mfr. Wm. Tutt, Mrs. 1 rembly, Mrs. Co'e. ( On sioti JSo. 3.—Mr. .1. i’nshin,\Mr. M. Wilcox, .'Ii 1 - herryhill, Mrs. A >!>’ini'ic*. ) A".'°ml evol the committeestmay obtain furds ; > ca l'»'gon the I resident, V W. Vi ■Ho t, Esq.) at Ins oflice,l unmiing’s Plaza. 1 ’’ nc C. F STURtTJES, Secretary. f 4 ! i W C Zj" Michael respectfully informs his friends that, (luring the continuance of moonlight evenings, the Hampton Course House will he kept open until 9 o’clock ts July lb tfj-THE AMERICAN SILK GROWER AND FARMER’S MANUAL —A monthly publication designed to ex tend and encourage the growth of Silk throughout the United States. Edited by Ward I Cheney and Brothers, Burlington, N. J.,and pub lished in Philadelphia, at the low price of One Dollar a year. QCr Subscriptions received at this office. aj GREAT ARRIVAL?' Fifteen Bushels, or 270,000 boxes of PETERS’ PILLS. The subscribers have made arrangements with Dr. Peters, of .New York, to be supplied by the quantity with his Pills. All dealers can now be supplied at factory prices. Os all the Pills we have any knowledge 01, these are the most valua ble In no Instance have they failed to accomplish 4 every thing they promised, and thousands who for-*. 1 years have been lingering with some chronic orob stinate disease, now add their testimony in behalf ✓ . of this valuable medicine. One great quality of his Vegetable Pills is, that they have the alternative principle combined with their cathartic, or operative qualities, so that they not only cleanse the stomach and bowels by purg ing, but they regulate the liver,change the morbid secretions, strengthen the digestive organs, purify the blood, invigorate! he circulation,and give tone and energy to the net vous system. They have no rival in curing and preventing Bilious Fevers, Fever and Ague, Dyspepsia, Liver Complaints, Sick Head-ache, Jaundice, Asthma Dropsy, Rheumatism, Enlargement of the Spleen Piles, Cholic, Female Obstructions, Heart-burn’ Furred Tongue, Nausea, Distension of the .Stomach and Bowels, Incipient Diarrhoea, Flatulence, Hab itual Costiveness, Toss of Appetite, Blotched or Sallow Complexion, and in all cases .if Torpor of the Bowels, where a Cathartic or an Aperient is ' needed. They are exceedingly mild in their oper- ' ation, producing neither nausea, griping nor debility. Dr. Peters has sold morethan live millions of boxes of these celebrated Pills, in the U. States, the Cana das, Texas, Mexico and the West Indies, since Jan. 1335. All persons who have used the Genuine Peters Vegetable Pills, recommend them in terms of the most unqualihed praise, which is proof pos itive of their extraordinary and beneficial effects, these justly celebrated Pills are for sale by THOMAS BARRETT & Co., and HAVILAND, RISLEY & Co., Agents. .pine (i 2in EVANS’ FAMILY VEGETABLE APERIENT ANTI-BILIOUS PILLS. Being composed of ingredients which exert a I specific action upon the heart, give an impulse or strength to the arteral system ; the blood is qukk ened and equalized in its circulation through ail the vessels, whether of the skin, the parts situated internally, or the extremities; and as all the se cretions of the body are drawn from the blood there is a consequent increase of every secretion, and a quickened action of the absorbent and exha lant or discharging vesse s; any morbid action which may have taken place is lemoved, all ob structions are overcome, the blood is purified, and the body resumes a healthful stale. The circula tion, that important function, was not known to the great Cclsus, Galen, or Hippocrates; therefore, their deficiency of knowledge led them to extinct the vital fluid as a curvative means; but upon tte principles of the circulation of the blood, the prac tice of bleeding is proved to be fallacious. It has been left to the directors of this society to biing forward Dr, Wm. Evans’Medicines,found- I * ’ ed upon the important knowledge imparted to the * | world by the discovery of the circulation of the blood. Evan’s Family Vegetable Aperient Anti-Uilioi s Pills, are sold in boxes of Twenty-live cents each. THESE MEDICINES after much anxious toil and resean h. having been brought by the Directors to their present state of perfection, supersede the use of tiie innumerable other medicines; aic so well adapted to the frame, that the use of them, by p.eserving the vital strength in a pure and healthy stale, and consequently maintaining the body in the due performances of its functions, cause it to last many yeais longer than it otherwise would ; and the mind to become so composed and tranquil that old age when it ar rives, will appear a blessing and n t (as to many who have neg.ected their constitutions, or had them injured hy medicines administered by igno rance )asource of misery and abhorrence. “Even from the body’s purity, the mind Receives a secret sympathetic aid.” A pamphlet with general directions for taking the Pills, always given in at the store of the agent. DR. WILLIAM EVANS’ SOOTHING SYRUP, FOB CHILDREN TEETHING. To Mothers and .nurses.— The passage of the Teeth through the gums produces troublesome and dangerous symptoms. It is known by mothers that there is great irritation in the mouth and gums during this process. The gums swell, the secre tion and saliva is increased, the child is seized with frequent and sudden fits of crying, watchings, starting in the sleep,and spasms of peculiar parts; the child shrieks with extreme violence, and thrusts its fingers into its mouth. If these pre cursory symptoms are not speedily alleviated, spasmodic convulsions universally supervene, and some cause the dissolution of the infant. Mothers who have their litiic babes alilicted with these distressing symptoms should apply DR. WM. EVANS’ CELEBRATED SOOTHING SYRUP, which has preserved hundreds of infants when thought past recovery, from being suddenly at tacked with the fa:al malady,convulsions. Sold by ANTON t & HAINES, > Sole agents in Augusta, J. M.& T. M. TURNER,Savannah, P. M. COHEN & Co. Charleston, SHARP (V. ELLS, Millcdgeville, C. A. ELLS, Macon, A.W. MARTIN,Forsyth, BENJAMIN P. POORE, Athens, MARK A. LANE, Washington. June 7 Academy of Richmond county.—Ac bordmg to a resolution of the Board of Trus tees, on the Clli July, 1339 the election of an Eng i lish Teacher in this institution, for the ensuing year, is postponed until the second Saturday in Yugust next. By order of the President, •henry Hubert, inly J 6 trwtd Clerk and Steward. UPONT’S POWDER.—The subscribers will keep constantly on hand a supply ol this l Powder, and now oiler for sale 1 500 kegs F F F I 30 i kegs F F F Rifle Powder ■ 20 kegs “ Eagle,” in canisters I GARDELLE & KIIIND, ■ july 2 trwlm corner Mclntosh and Bay st N‘* ‘ oTICE. —The subscribers have ibis d-iy en tered into co-partnership ilflder the firm of ■I GARDELLE $ RHINO, for the transaction of a ■ General Commission Business in this pla< c. ■ A. GARDELLE, ■ JAMES RHINE. ■ Augusta, Ca., July I, 1839. twin __ IK subscribers offer for sale, HI 40 t ags print* IDo Coffee 30 bagsjFuba do 60|hfias Windward Island Molasses id bhls New Orleans do |. . 25 bhls Phelps’ Gin 10 casks Rice 50 bhls Canal Flour , ' V 10 hlids St. Croix Sugar l GARDELLE & RHINE, > julv2 trwlm corner Mclntosh and Bays TO ItM KAITTiUI), fllllßEE LARGE PAINTINGS, representing ypj I Landscapes, i.i fine gi ded frames, much tf* <CJJyI p oved hy the overs of (lie line arts. Fifteen chancer, at Five Dollars each. Tickets to be had at Mr. Read's Lottery ollice, Broad street, where the Paintings arc exhibited, IH and where the Ralile will take p ace. When all the Tickets are disposed of. due notice will he given in the city gazettes when the Raffle will take place. Ref fences of the above Paintings to Dr Wray. Dr. Antony, am) Ir. Dugas, who have >,. t . ! cut sp ( boons in Drawing an I Painrin ; I same artist, T. j’. LaVitut. who c tunics to t ire Likenesses, either in large or in miiiiatu.e, an I al ters his services as a Teacher of Drawing ani Painting. trw3l July k ■ / Ifcl