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CHIIONICL!-; AND SENTINEI,.
A I « U 8 T A .
SATURDAY MORNING, AUGUST 3.
FOR GOVERNOR,
CII A it LE S I) ot:<;IIE U T V ,
of CLAItK rorxn.
xj" The N orthern Mail failed bcyaml Charles
on yesterday evening.
(£j~ Tin: proceedings of the Mechanics’ -Society
have been on hand a day or two—they will ap
pear on Monday.
By reference to our advertising columns, it
will be seen that Mr. Forbes has again become
the lessee ol the Augusta Theatre. We under
stand that he intends bringing out the very but
company he can engage.
We find in the Globe, the following returns
of the election in Mr. Stanley'* District ill North
Carolina.
Stanley (W.) Hall (V. B.)
Pitt, 636 671
Edgecombe, I lilt 13110
745 1961
745
Hall’s majority, 1216
Two years ago, Hall's majority in the same
counties was 886. Manley was then elected by
about 700 majority. The election has no doubt
been a close one. We shall probably hear the
result to-day.
Nothing yet from the Halifax District, repre
sented for some years by Col. Bynum. (V. B.)
We extract the following from the foreign
news received by the British Qucon, in relation
to Texas.
Horsr. of Common's—July it.
'I kxas.—Mr. O'Connell wished to put a ijues
tion, which he had given notice, relative to cer
tain persons who had seized a portion of the
Mexican territory, calling themselves the state of
Texas. Were any negotiations pending between
this Government and those persons for tho pur
pose of recognizing the independence of that state?
Lord Palmerston staled that an application had
heen made to the < iovernment in the early part
of last year, by persons from Texas, for the pur
pose of knowing whether the (iovernment were
preparing to aeknowledge the independence of
Texas. The answer given to (hut application
was, that the general principle of the Government
was to acknowledge every stale that was dr facto
independent, hut under the eiremiislimees ai pre
sent existing with respect to Texas, they were
not prepared to adopt that course with respect to
it. As it was known that our Minister at Mexi
co hud successfully negociated between Franco
and Mexico, instructions bad been sent out to ef
fect a similar arrangement between Mexico ami
Texas.
Mr. ()’( onnell asked it the communications
had relation to the slave trade.
Lord Palmers! nt said, the communications
wore of u general natme.and did not include any
detail of that kind
The Hon. John Quincy Adams has written a
letter, in which he expresses the opinion that the
“filicen gallon law is injudicious, imprudent’
and should he repealed.
The Hank of England and the Colton
Trade.
The following paragraph from the London
Times of July 2d, is not without interest. Tho
Times has of late exhibited an extraordinary de
gree of hostility towards the interests and insti
tutions ol this country, goaded on, It is possible
as much by Tory prejudice as any other motive,
it will he observed tlnit in the paragraph, it is
distinctly staled that the recent restrictive mea
sures of the Hank of England, were aimed chiefly
at the Cotton Market.
“The ell'ect of the late restrictive measures at
the Bank ut England, up to the present lime, is
observable chiefly in the fall of cotton, at which
commodity mid the speculation in it, they were
principally aimed; and to that extent a general
good is obtained, though at the cost of much in
dividual loss and sullcring. Many innocent par
ties were led into them by the facilities in money
created by tho Bank in December Inst, and for
them some sympathy is due; hut every one will re
joice to see the Xmericaii combination broken
up and ruined, which was engaged in them in di
rect hostility to our manufacturing system. The
prospect at present is, from the great decline In
(ho value ot ibis article, that the looms et the north
will soon be at work again, and the best substi
tute created for a continued exportation of gold,
in a supply of cotton fabrics at moderate prices to
the whole world. A ready the exportation ol'gold
has considerably I, - iied. compared with whal It
was several weeks preceding. In the quotations
of the exchange- also, as they are brought from
the (bmtiiienl, illc is some elfeet perceptible
both by a rise nr the rule ot exchange and a re*
dueliou in the premium on gold, both of which
tend ol course to the s.imo end. There is still,
however, a deficiency m bills in this market, while
on the t outi k.'iit lolls on England and especially
at long dates ai ■ abundant; altogether there are
indications of some progrt s towards a more heal
thy and tranquil state ot the money market."
War among Iho (herokees.
By the Boonville Emigrant of the I Ith imit.
we h ivo the following unpleasant intelligence
trout the l lerokee nation; and hem the allusion
to the heel contract. we picsume it may he relied
upon. We suppose the information comes through
the contractor.— St. l.ait'.s lirpub!<cnu.
“\\ e are informed by i gentleman directly
Irom Arkansas, that a war is now raging among
the Cherokevs.
“It appears that liillicnkies and dissenlions
originating in an unwillingness on the part of
Ross and others to submit to the terms of the
treaty by which they ceded to the United Matos
the territory form, rly occupied by them, had ie
solve.l tiie nation into two parties, styled the Ross
party and toe Ridge pin. each contending for
the asoen lency. Tho followers of Bushvhead,
as lie is called, may, wo presume, he said to con
stitute a thii i ' irtj This latterindividu d, how
ever. has hitherto acted rather in the character of
pacificator, and I.a • mp! \cd hansel- c...i .’y in
< florin to elect a i .'conciliation.
• tin June : oth their National Council assem
bled tar the purp ic ot legislation. The rejection
ot a law proposed by a member -f the Ridge par
ty. so highly ofl a 1 1 them that they withdrew
from the eounc ; an ! subsequently the Rosa
party i\ .-dved to d ■ tr, y alt the ehietiains belong
lug to the Ui ■ ' -rly. appointing for the execu
tion o. this purp--I . a committee ot forty individ
uals to each of said chiefs. They succeeded m
accomplishing then bloody de-ign, in evi.y in
stance but one. One si■< ;le chi- f (his name for-
I gotten) happened not to be at home, lie rallied 1
i the Kidge (tarty, and on the 28th marched upon
I the Boss party ; h hatlic ensued which resulted j
in a loss on both sides, variously estimated at |
from forty to seventy lives. Ross was among
the slain. Now that Ridge ami Rosa are both
dead, it is Imped and believed by many that
Bushyhead, by bis great popularity with bis Irilte,
will yet succeed "in clfecting a reconciliation be
tween the parlies. The Cherokee* refuse to re
ecive the beef which the contracting agent was
furnishing them; and have threatened to take
his life, unless he pays them the money.’’
For the Chronicle If Sentinel,
Tlse Cotton Circular.
The Cotton Circular recently sent out from
New York, and signed by a number of distin
guished statesmen and intelligent merchants of
the South and Southwest, has caused great excite
| mcnl and well it should, us it is a subject of first
importance to that portion of country alluded to
but there should he surprise that it has its ene
mies, and in our own country, for it conflicts
with the interest of many, whose interests are not
immediately identified with the. South, and whose
interest it will he to keep down prices of this
staple, for it must he recollected, that wo have
already manufactured at homo a heavy amount
of cotton which is increasing rapidly. The in
terest in these manufactures is much blended and
extended through the Northern States, and the
ame reasons that caused them to advocate the
taritr, will also induce them to oppose any meas
ure inteded to augment the price of cotton, and
to join in will) the Spinners of England in writ
ing down tlie project of a Convention, “agi
t ilion,” &c„ as they term it. Nor can we blame
them, if they think our measures operate against
them.
The people ol the South and Southwest, have
intelligence enough to see what is for their own
interest without looking abroad for counsel, and
they should, and it is believed have energy ami
perseverance sufficient to carry nut what they
may determine to do.
Now what is oil this clamor about I It is hr.
muse the southern people find their has been a
combination of the Hank of England and Spin
ners of that country, to put down the price of cot
ton, anil that they have succeeded too, under
most extraordinary circumstances; that the plant
ers and others, interested in the growth of cotton,
propose to meet and consult and adopt measures
to counteract if possible this ruinous course of the
combination in England,
Nor cun there he any thing improper in this !
It there is we have not discernment to sec it, ll’
we limit take care of our own interest, can we ex
pect tilers to do so for us. It is seen, that notwith
standing the crop of last year is dot) to 400,000
hales short of that of the previous year, the price
is reduced loan alarming degree. Under similar
eirenstanees, in previous years, the market would
hove advanced. How is this accounted for I— ,
I3y the arrangement of the Spinners and Hank- i
ers of England themselves, who now cxultingly 1
say, that you have no longer the capital of the (
United Stales Bank, to aid yon, and we will now i
have your cotton at our own prices; or their re- 1
marks are to this effect. Therefore hv the ad
i
v.inee ill the rate of interest of the Bank of Eng- j
land, and the curtailing the accommodations of 1
those dealing in cotton, seconded by the Spin" ’
nors themselves who work short lime, prefering j
I I pay the laborers for a portion of time lost, and |
buying other cottons in preference to ours. — f
This experiment has succeeded too well, and J
seeing their power, which can he at any period t
concentrated with case, as the manufactures ho- i
ing pretty much all located together and the pin-
prielors arc wealthy, and at the same lime, some '
of them are directors in the Bank of England.— |
Mow easy then for Inis powerful interest to coni
hine at a period w hen the great bulk of our cotton
is pul on that market, and reduce the ju ice. And
shall we attempt no counteracting influence at
home, so as to enable our planters to hold their
cotton, and sell it as the manufacturers may need
it, at such prices as supply and consumption
would warrant. The writer is no U. 8. Hank
man, hut he is constrained to acknowledge the
great benefit derived from its agency. It will he
reeolleted that in 1887. in consequence of loss of
confidence hi cotton dealers, the local Hanks re
fused loaning them money, and cotton was re
duced to I) a 'i \ cents, universally in the city of
Augusta, (as an instance, which will serve to
exemplify the situation of other places also,) for
indeed there were scarcely any sales, ami we arc
informed by a Planter's Fueler, that for two
months of the spring of ISB7, and with a stock
of 0000 hales cotton on hand, he did not sell a
hale, hut so soon ns the funds of the I . 8, Bank
w ere used i:i the purchase, the market advanced
immediately to 10 r ents. The planters at once
had a market for their cotton, and it was sold:
i they relieved the merchants, saved from bauU
ruytey the local Banks, were enabled to collect
their debts and the whole southern country thcro
-1 try saved from threatened ruin. Now this Bank
has withdraw n her funds and its salutary cheik
on the combined powers of England, and contrary
■ to all reason, experience and the judgment of
; < ur shrewdest and most prudent merchants, the
| price is reduced, mid under circumstances too,
most extraordinary, us before stated, and not only
as it will p’ol ably cause the growing crop to selj
millions lower than it otherwise would. It is
therefore clearly seen that it is necessary capital
should he tired or same combined effort should
be mule by the planters, merchants, and others
throughout the vas; and extended country of the
South and Southwest, whose interests are so
nearly all ed. It can scracely he done in any
other way than by Conventions, for we are not
situated as they are in England, who see and
converse w th each other almost daily.
Shall we then tamely submit, folding our
hands, and do as some of our advisers would say
we should be -.till kept quiet, don’t • agitate"—
v in are 100 poor to complain, as in thed.nso.
t' e (anil’-. The mad; t will find its level—don’
move whilst your antagonist has the advantage
vour are now down and be pcrlectly submissive,
whilst the flee mg operation is "in ; on—if you
move you may be hurt. Don’t mind these ag.tu
tors. these statesmen and merchants who pre.
* lend to he so wise, ami (cel bo mudt for jour in
terest. Beware of them and their projects. To
■ bn serious, shall we submit to nil the combined
interest of others against us, and move nut a fin
ger, if so, wc must bear the cortempt of our
masters, and be their hewers of wood and draw
ers of water in all future time as we would de
serve. But this cannot be, our people can see
I their interest, and they will pursue d. And that
j man who will devise measures that will bring
' about the desired objects of the Convention, wil*
desire to have his name enrolled high among
the sayes and patriots of his country. M.
Professor Colt rug’s Letter —ton eluded.
The sixth district comprises some very fertile
and valuable land, hut the level tracts are not
j very extensive ; the surface, in general, is undu
lating. Tour creeks have their sources in this
I district, viz: Hog, Semocheechobi, Spring and
i Pachilta. They are bordered by ndges of small
elevation, having u fertile ferrugimus soil, and
resting on beds of marie and shdi-limestone—
I the billionth are a deep peculiar rich deposite—
the; soil is from 15 to 30 inches in depth, in qua
lity ; there is hut very little difference between
the upper and under side, the while being com
posed of vegetable and animal matter, intimately
mingled with sand, claj, lime, oxice of iron, and
probably some other ingredient wil he detected
on analysis, on which its peculiar fertilizing pro
perty depends. I am not prepared at present to
stale precisely the ingredients or the different
proportions. The subsoil is ferruginous sand and
clay, and the substratum, shell, marl, and lime
stone.
In this district there arc craters of elevation
similar to those in Decatur and Early; they rro
found in various parts, particularly in the r*d
ferruginous lurid. The siliceous shell rock, is of
n dark red color, in some part* glazed, and the
cast of the shells vetrilicd, indicating that thoy
have hern subjected to an high degree of tempe
rature, ul some former period.
The land in and around <'uthhert, is not of tie
first quality, though most of it is fertile at pre
sent. It is a thin course soil, in general, com
posed of course sand, pebbles, gravel, and “prim
pies.” for the distance of three miles west and
northwest from Cuthbert, the soil is thin and
course, and except a few spots, may be termed an,
inferior soil.
I he noil at Farmhill, three miles west from
Cuthbert, owned by Ur. J. G. Gilbert, is both
grey, siliseuous, and red, ferruginous; it varies
in quality, some of it is a deep vegetable depo
sin’, completely mingled with line sand, clay,
lime, and oxide ol iron ; as well as 1 can ascer
tain by the aid of a microscope, it approaches
very near a proper .soil. There is some rich al
luvium on the plantation, although the soils of
this plantation are various, and the surface irre
gular, it is, on the whole, a valuable tract, mid
not liable either to denudation, or to ho exhaust
ed by cultivation; it is well watered, abounding
in springs and rivulets.
‘The land increases in fertility as wo proceed
north ot this into the ninth district; two and
half a miles northwest of Cuthbert is an excel
lent tract ol land, part of it is owned by Col.
Allen Moye. The soil is alternately ferruginous
and siliceous, between which, there is a narrow
strip which partakes of the quality and compo
sition ol both. This alternating formation ex
tends northeast diagonally through the district,
into Stewart; it varies in quality and fertility in.
different places in the tract, owing to accidental
circumstances ; hut the mineral component parts
throughout, are similar. Punipkiniown, in the
ninth, is on this formation. The tract extends
more than live miles in length in this county,
and taken on an average, it is as good land, as
easily tilled, and as productive, ns can he found
l, f the same extent oil’from the Chattahoochee—
more cotton can he raised In the hand , though
perhaps not so much to the acre, as on the river.
I do not say that it is bi ller than any other in,
the county, for I believe there are similar tracts
in the fifth, sixth, eighth and tenth districts,
though there is no other part of the county that
has for any extent that peculiar ullernaliun of
soils; neither do I recollect ever to have seen it
in any county below this. The soils abound in
lime, and the planter who has a field comprising
the three, can successfully vary his crop, and
adapt it to its peculiar soil. Thus corn, cotton,,
beans, peas, rye, oats, wheat, buckwheat, barley
&c., may be successfully raised on the same
plantation. The ferruginous part has a soil from
two to three feet in thickness. This 1 was par
ticular to ascertain on the plantation of Col,
Moye and Dr. Sharp—the siliceous is not so
deep now, nor so permanent, but it is equally as
finile at present. For component parts, as
well as 1 could ascertain without analysis, and
for fertility, this tract taken as a whole will com
pare very well with the Spring creek lands in
Early, and those of the Pachilta and Ohickasaw
hatchce, in this county. The longest rye and
corn that I have seen growing this season, that
was not manured, I found on this soil, in Col.
Moye’s plantation. This tract, including Pump
kin low ii, is considered by the citizens generally,
to he as good as any hack of the Chattahoochee.
There are many excellent plantations in the
tract, and not more than one half is yet cleared.
Phe second alluvium is first rale land, but most
ol it is in a stale ol nnlute. For my own part,
however, as tar as 1 have been able to examine
and compare the soils in different districts, 1 am
persuaded that much ot the table land in the fifth
ami tenth, and is as equally as fertile, has as deep
a soil, and is as permanent; and the alluvium on
the Pachilta ami ( hickasawhatchee, will he as
productive when properly cultivated. The qua
lity ol these last need on y be known to b e taken
I up and successfully improved.
| Plie .Southeast part of the county, comprising
i the fourth and part ol the tilth districts, are verv
little cultivated, and the quality of the soil un
| known to most of the citizens. I have made a
j geological reconnoisance through them, and am
| convinced that some of the best land in the coun
| ly will he found here, and large and very produc
tive plantations may he formed.
There is a k'ml of table land commencing in
j the middle ot the fifth and extending into the
tenth district, seven miles. It is comparatively
level, hut has u very gradual descent of about 7
| degrees to the southeast. Some ol this may prove
i 100 >7 J) and /h rsfp in a dry season, but, in gen
; oral, it has a soil deposite of nutritive matter, is
] composed ot sand, clay, lime, and oxide of iron,
j finely comminuted, and intimately mingled, and
may he ranked with second best lands in the
county. It any thing, there is toogrentapropor
i lion ol oxide of iron It is a well known princi
j pin in agriculture, that soils to produce tlieir
! gre nest effect in vegetation must be duty pro
portioned ; if any one of the ingredients exceeds
this proportion, it rather deteriorates than increa
ses the tenilily; thus, if a soil contains too large
a p oporlion ot lime, it becomes in a degreesler
i.'f the lime has an indirect effect; so in regard
to the oxide ot iron, a small proportion is highly
advantageous, hut it a soil contain more than
' iyhi per cent, it will he less productive. Hence,
the importance of correct chemical analysis. Xo
i man, let his experience he ever so great, can as
certain the precise quality or capacity of new
I land, in any other way; much loss, and disap
pointment to the settler might In- prevented, if
be won! i previously to purchasing, select average
specimens, and have them analized by a compe
tent analyst.
1 he plantation of (fin. Graves, in the corner
, of the fourth, fifth, tenth and eleventh districts,
jis a part of the above table land.—The soil isfer
’ j ruginous and pulverulent; it very much resembles
• | the sod in the vicinity of the great mound on
the Cooloomoochee creek, in Eany county, al-1
though the substratum is different, yet there is a |
proportion of lime in the soil. The substratum
j of this part of the table land is a fine ferruginous ;
1 sand and clay, nearly twenty feet deep, in some j
' places resting on a very fine white silicious sand. |
j This is followed by a thin stratum of very tine
I variegated clay, resembling in texture, fullers
I earth : this last on marly clay. The soil is pe
i culiar. I must defer a full description until I j
1 haveanaiized itat Millcdgevillc. When wet, it i
I is of a dark reddish brown color, but when dry, j
jit is the color of brown snuff. It is not liable to 1
j hake in any part of this table land, and it with- |
I stands very well the effects of a continued drought.
I There is another flat table land between tbe
great and little Ichewaynochcway creeks. It is
divided into silicious and ferruginous, but the soil
though much of it may be fertile, at first, is thin,
and will soon be exhausted, for there is but little
if any lime.
The swamp on the Ichewaynochcway, is the
j largest I have found in any county south of this, j
llt is almost impenetrable. The Indian name is j
| highly appropriate, meaning, "hiding place for
j deer.” The deposite is deep, consisting of vege- ,
table and animal decomposed matter, with coarse I
and fine sand, and resting on plastic clay. The
possibility or policy of clearing and cultivating |
this immense swamp, is doubted, as the stream is
a very sugglish one, and liable every season to in
undate the whole. In addition to this evil, the
alluvial deposite is not of the first quality; there is |
too much vegetable matter in proportion to the
mineral. I consider the existence of this swamp
as detrimental to the health of the vicinity. Its
sunken boggy condition, in addition to the stag
nancy of tlie water in the creek, running as it does
through the whole width of the county, affording
in the summer and autumnal months a fruitful
i source of malaria, will have a tendency to retard
the settlement of this part of tile county. This is
the only apparent unhealthy region that I have
found in the county.
The eleventh and fourth districts, on the line
of Lee county, contain some tracts of excellent
land, but, taken as a whole, the surface is more
broken, is coarser and more encumbered with
pebbles, than tbe fifth and tenth. Horae of th 2
soil lias a full proportion of lime, but is destitute
of clay, others have their due proportion of lime
and clay, hut are deficient in sand; and others
have too great a proportion of the oxide of iron.
It is difficult to find a proper, much more a per
fect soil, in the eleventh district. Yet there may
lie found very good tracts of land, but they are not
naturally so fertile as those in the adjoining dis
tricts. The swamp lands, allhough containing
a deep deposite, are not of the first quality; the
soil is inclined to be sour, as is shown by acid
plants growing luxuriantly on their borders.
Lime or marl applied to the land in sufficient
proportion, would remedy the evil. Could this
be done effectually, the swamps of the eleventh
and fourth districts might be made as productive
as any lands in Georgia. The lime would accel
erate the decomposition of the vegetable matter,
and convert it into a deep black mass called
mould.
What is called “pine land,” in the fourth and
eleventh districts, is comparatively level ; it is
not, however, equal to some other pine level land
in the county, but it contains lime. 'There is a
tract of very good second alluvium on the lower
part of the fourth district, next to Baker; the soil
may lie called ferrn argi/lucioue, containing more
clay and iron than sand, though not liable to bake.
It has a substratum of ferruginous sand and clay,
some of which is very fine, There are shell lime
stone and marl in various places in the district;
these lands may he rendered highly fertile under
skilful management.
It is worthy of remark, that there is not a dis
trict in Randolph that does not contain, in differ
ent parts of it, inexhaustible beds of mineral
manure, and these contiguous to lands, to which
they are peculiarly appropriate. The fourth and
eleventh districts, taken ns a whole, arc not the
first rale lands, though they may be pronounced
good, compared with some other, yet they con
tain beds of argillaceous and calcarious marl in
various parts, and might be easily applied.
1 shall proceed to give a short account of the
eighth district, which will complete an abstract
lot my survey of the soils of Randolph. This
! district is principally situated between the Chnt
l tahoochee river and and Pctavvla crook. The
j creek contains some excellent, first and second
i alluvium, situated both in the seventh, eighth,
! and ninth districts. It is however, irregular,
! and differs in quality. There is some land on
this creek, than which there cannot be better
I found in the county, but the fertile tracts are
j narrow, except in a few places. The good land,
in general, has a substratum of blue argillaceous
shell marl of an excellent quality. It is m suffi
cient quantity for all the purposes of manure to
the adjacent pine lands. I will mention one or
two plantations which may serve as examples of
the fertility of different alluvial land on the Pc
tawla and its waters. The plantation of Jonas
Daniel), Esq., is third allvium, and is very pro
ductive land ; the soil, on an average, is 18 indi
es deep. It is ferruginous, having a compact
sub-soil of ferruginous sand and day. It is also
j micaceous, is well mixed with sand, clay, lime,
j oxide ol iron and mica. The mica acts mechani
j cully, keeping the soil light and porous.
The plantation of the Rev. Peter Eldridgc, is
j composed of first, second and third alluvium—in
j the Bth district. The second alluvium is nearly
similar in qualify to that of the same class on the
Chattahoochee ; it is a deposite of vegetable and
animal matter, with sand, day and lime finely
comminuted. The first alluvium is about two
and an half foot thick.
Most ot the alluvial soils on the creek and
branches, contain more lime and day in their
composition than those on the river of the same
description, and have a better substratum. They
arc micaceous.
The soils in the Bth district alternate—there
1 is first, a ridge of land separating the upland
from the alluvium ; second, a strip of ferruginous
| soil, which is sometimes highly fertile anil pul-
I verulent, but it is otten coarse sand and gravel;
third, a grey siliceous soil, very thin, but produc
; live for a few years—it is what is termed a thirsty
soil, it has a growth of oak and hickory, but not
j large. Tbe surface is undulating, the bottoms
; contain an highly productive soil.
There is a locality of very fine iron ore, of the
variety called fibrous brawn haemal He. on lands
■ of John N. Martin, and Mr. J. Pitman ; it will
yield from 20 to 30 per cent, of pure iron.
About two miles east from the river, is an ex
tensive fiat table land, soil, siliceous sand and a
; small proportion of clay— it might be essentially
1 benefitted by marling with argillaceous blue marl;
1 an r. urnknee is found in the vicinity ; or green
I sand may be applied, which is found in large
| quantities near the place. This spot affords very
1 eligible s tuations for dwellings. I have no doubt
| of its healthfulness, as it is remote from any local
1 cause of disease, and water may be obtained pure,
■ between the strata of limestone and ferruginous
I sand and clay. A Northern farmer might, if he
i was disposed, make this tract one of the richest
in the country, but it never can be of much value
jby the Georgia system of agriculture. There are
resources in the vicinity that might be applied to
the fertilizing of this tract, which would cause it
to produce an hundred fold more than any other
table land now produces in the county. ’ This,
any experienced agriculturist from Virginia or
Acw-Jersey, will insure. It is the identical kind
i of land on which the experiment should be made
The river alluvium above the Petawla, is in gen
eral of the same composition as that below the
creek. It is uneven, spotted and irregular,
| some parts are above a mile in width; they are
j mostly exceedingly fertile, taken on an average
I The widest are owned by Josiah Flournoy, Wra.
\ \ >
Hardin and J. G. Gilbert, Esquires. Tnu Isret
is the most regular in its composition, but the
constituents of all are similar. The third alluvi
um back of the above plantations, though the na
tural growth is pine, is a tract of most excellent
land, similar to that on the south side of Sand
1 creek, and is well worthy attention—the soil can
not be exhausted by proper cultivation.
i On the eastern edge of the second alluvium,
I in the plantation of Dr. Gilbert, is an immense
deposilc of what is technically called green sand ,
similar in composition to that at Fort Gaines, hut
1 of a different color, being bluish green ; it is very
| pulverulent and may may be reduced almost to
an impalpable powder between the fingers. No
1 preparation is necessary, but it may he applied
j directly to the soil by spreading it bruail-cast ,
previously to ploughing in the spring or fall. It
| is a valuable deposite, is easily obtained, being a
few feet from the surface and in sufficient quanti-
I tv. Several hundred tons may he obtained at
i liikyilace. It is considered the most valuable
application yet discovered to resuscitate exhaust- '
cd or woruout lands. It is held in high cstima
| lion by the practical agriculturists of New-Jerscy
j and Virginia. I have no doubt that when its
value shall be fully understood, it will become,
! from this locality, an article of export. There is
j none of consequence found in the counties on
j Savannah river and there arc none which would
| he more essentially honefilled by a free use of it.
In this place the order of position i; the same as
j at Fort Gaines, it is found immediately below a
stratum of shell rock, which forms the substra
tum of the ferruginous sand and clay, which to
gether with the shell rock is about seven feet in
| thickness; the green sand is twelve feet thick.
I have thus, gentlemen, endeavored to answer
the first part of your inquiry, by giving you an
abstract of my survey of the soils of the different
districts; by a comparison of the different dis
i tricts, I unhesitatingly pronounce it an excellent
county of land—it has the least quantity of poor
land in it, of any county I have yet explored in
i Georgia. Part of the surface is undulating, some
, of the hills will he subject to denudation after
being cultivated for a few years, when the roots,
&c., shall ho destroyed, which serves to retain the
! sod, but this evil will not be general—a peculiar
soil and very fertile, is found on some of theemi
; nences, and is not to be moved by torrents,
i The land on an average, will bear a good cora
, parison with the newest and best lands in Han
. cock, Baldwin, Putnan and Morgan, with this
advantage over those counties, that the surface is
not so liable to wash, and has inexaustible beds
. of calcareous manures in every part of the coun
: 'y
■ With respect to the salubrity of the county,
' if we except some low swamps, such as the Iche
waynoeheway, &c., there are no places of stag
nant water that I could find; it is elevated, as
i will appear from the list of places in each district,
the height of which I was particular to ascertain,
i I find by hygrometrical observations, that in gen
eral it has a remarkable dry atmosphere, except
, directly on the river and creeks, the fog seldom if
ever rises to the eminences. The water is as
pure as can be found in any part of the up-coun
try that I have examined, and much purer than
is generally found in Gwinnett.
With respect to your other query, “Have you
found mosquitoes tioublosome V’ I answer, that
I presume they are on the river and in some
places on the creeks, in some seasons, hut I shall
hardly he credited, I fear, when I positively de
clare, that I have been on foot in some of the
thickest swamps, and most sunken stagnant wa
ter places in the county, until nightfall and I do
not recollect to have heard, seen, or fell a sin
gle mosquitoe. There are black gnats in abund
ance, hut no mosquitoes, to my" knowledge.—
This may he owing to the peculiarity of the sea
son, however. I cannot learn from the citizens
in different districts that they are ever troubled
with them.
'Pile county is remarkably well watered with
springs, creeks and branches. The temperature
of the atmosphere is not uncomfortable; the
nights arc cool and the heat of the days is miti
gated by gentle western breezes. From May 18
to June 18, the mean tcnqieralurc was 80°
Farenheit. There are few counties, of the same
dimensions, which include more fertile land, and
that would more amply reward the first settler, if
ho possess industry and enterprize; but without,
these, Randolph, I can assure him, will be no
place for him. The oaks must how to the axe,
the soil yield to the plough and mattock ; and
this must be cflccted by temperance, by economy
and persevering industry, if the planter would
thrive in this county.
As far as I am able to judge, from the short
and pleasant acquaintance I have formed, and
from inquiries made of respectable individuals,
the citizens, as a county, are industrious and mo
ral—there are very few of those idle, dissipated,
drunken, worthless characters who are of no use
to themselves, their country, or their God, to he
found in any part of Randolph county ; and
these few are fast disappearing before intelli
gence, virtue and enterprize, which is annually
increasing from the old counties of Georgia.—
Some of the most intelligent citizens of those
counties have already settled here as a perma
nency, diffusing the influence of moral worth
and intellectual strength through the county.
I he following is the elevation of some places
in different districts of the county, above tide
water:
< 'uthbert, 468,6
Cottingville, 489,2
Calhounville, 302,4
Soberton, 334.2
Ichowaynochevvay, 365,8
Pumpkintown, 417,6
Indian Spring, 452,4
Cottingville, in the seventh district, is the
highest land m the county, it is 147,2 higher
than I' ort Gaines; 325,7 feet above low-water
mark in the river; 244,2 feet higher than Au
gusta; 424,2 feet higher than Savannah.
Cuthbert is in North Latitude 31 degrees 44
min.—Longitude West from Greenwich 84 deg.
57 min.
Cottingville is in North Latitude 31 deg. 41
min.—Longitude West from Greenwich 85 dc^.
4 min.
I here are in the county twenty Churches of
different denominations, viz: Baptists 12; Meth
odist 6; Presbyterian 2; total 20.
With sentiments of esteem,
I am, gentlemen,
Your obedient servant,
JOHN RUGGLES COTTING,
Slate Geologist of Georgia.
Hurra for Tixnuil I—We find the fol
lowing advertisement in the Nashville Banner of
; June 10th.
Wanted Immediately— A smart, intelligent
• \an Buren man that ran converse fluently, to
talk politics with me. To such an one, every ac
j commotlation which a pleasant Summer retreat
I can ariord, will be given#
I lam induced to make this publication from
I the entire one-sidedness of my neighbors and my
| great fondness for political controversy. I can’t
j get an argument. None need apply unless he
comes up to the foregoing requis tes.
„ J. J. HOOPER.
V eto Springs, June 1.
t onsiguees per South Carolina IJail lToad.
_ Hamburg, August 3, 1839.
Stovall,Simmons & Co.; Keese & Oeall, Baird
| & Rowland; F. Lamback; Hopkins, Jennings &
Ua Clark, Rackett 4c Co.; J. Rabe; Rankin. Boggs
1 9°- ; ;■' allory ;T. 11. Plant; Ratbbonc &
Balicr; B W. force 4c Co.; C. Batty; Antony &
Haines; E. D. Cooke; W. Fuller; T. J. Parmelce ;
j Gardeile 4c Hhmd ;L. Dwelle; R. V. Goetchus ; 8.
j Halo ; H. L. Jeffers; George Parrott; H. W Sulli
van; J. 1. Benson ; F. M. Robertson ; Moore & Da
j vi t; D’Antignac & Hi!!.
■v \ \ X
Commercial.
Latest dales from Liverpool, duty 10
Latest dates from Havre July 3
Philadelphia. July 27.
American Cotton and Woollen Goods—Cotton
fabrics have been in moderate request at steady
rates. Satinets are a fraction lower in price, blit
other woollen manufactures are unchanged.
Coffee. —The demand continues fair. Sales of
about 1890 bags Maracaybo. on terms not made
public; 13 a 1400 do. Uio, at 11$ a 11$, and 1 a
20.) do. St. Jugo, at 9| a 11 cents per lb, both on
time.
C' lton. —The demand has improved, and prices
are nearly steady. The sales reach 373 bales,
mostly Uplands, at 14$ cents, and Louisiana and
Mississippi at 13 a 1C cents. The advices per
Great Western have had but little effect in this
market.
J Fish. —Sales of Mackerel at $7 a 7 37$ for new
/No. 3. Chesapeake Herring at $3 87j, about 200
kits Soused Salmon, at $1 87$ each, the demand
for mackerel is limited.
Flour. —Prices have slightly declined, and the
demand continues limited. The current price for
old stock Penna. sound flour is $5 23; Western
S 3 12$ a 5 25; occasionally lots are sold for $3 as
they run. Fresh ground sells at $5 50, and supe
rior brands $5 7C per bbl., supplies very small. j
Corn has declined—sales of Pennsylvania round ‘
at 81 a S 2 ; Southern Yellow 80 a S 3, and inferior
79 cents.
Molasses. —Sales of ISO hhds, Trinidad, at 34 a
35 cents, for middling to good quality ; over 150 do
St. dago 325, and 35 a 40 do. New Orleans, mostly
sour, at about 30 cents per gallon, on time.
Bacon.— Small sales at 10$ a 12$ cts. for l/ams;
9$ a 10$ for Sides ; 130 hhds. prime sold at 10$ a,
10 rents ; and 7 a 9 cents for Shoulders.
Spirits. —Brandy is steady. Gin is without
charge. N. K. Hum sells at 38 a39 cents in hhds
and bbls. Sales of Whiskey at 35$ a3O c nts m
libls, and in hhds at 34 a 345, occasionally 33$ cts.
Sugars. —Sales of 150 hhds New Orleans at 7$
cents; 100 do St dago,7 aks; 60 do Porto Rico,
8$ cents; 850 a 900 boxes Trinidad, part for an
other market, at 8$ a 8$ cents for brown, and 11 a
11 $ for white ; 150 do St dago aid Matanzas, at 8$
aBJ cents. Small sales of White Brazil at 10 cts
per lb, all on time.
MARINE INTELLIGENCE.
Savannah, August 1.
Arrived yesterday.— Brig Eleanor, .Tones, Balti
more ; brig William Taylor, Hoey, New York.
Charleston, August 2.
Arrived yesterday— Ship Medora, Turner, Phila
delphia.
At Quarantine —Brig Howell,Smith, Matanzas;
Brig ( atharine, Rose, Havana; Brig Arabian,
Welch, Matanzas.
Cleared —Sp brig Matilda, Zaarus, Havana.
CT ADJOURNED MEETING.— At a meeting
hnl on tlie 27th ult., for the purpose of forming a
Association, having for its object the improvement
of its members in Public Speaking, and writing Es
says on Literary and Scientific subjects, a Commit
tee was appointed to draft a Constitution and Bye
laws for the government of the Association, which
Committee will make their Report toau Adjourned
Meeting, to be held at the Presbyterian Lecture
Room, THIS EVENING, (Saturday,) August 3d,
at 8 o’clock.
(FT Persons desirous of becoming members of
such an Association, are respectfully invited to at
tend. ] t aug 3 ,
Cj" AUGUSTA THEATRE.—The subscriber
having again become the lessee of the Augusta
Theatre, has the honor most respectfully to inform
the ladies and gentlemen of Augusta, that he will
commence his dramatic season early in October
next. It is his intention to present a company,
possessing the highest order of histronic talent.
The management of the theatre, will devolve per
sonally upon the lessee, and every exertion will be
made to merit a continuance of the patronage,
which was so liberally bestowed during his former
management. WILLIAM C. FORBES.
au gJ dOt&trwlm
(fjt’ RESIDENT DENTIST.. —Dr. Munkoe’s
operating rooms, second door from Broad trect, on
Mclntosh-st, opposite the Constitutionalist office
march 13
CJ” NOTICE. —The Rail Road Passenger Train,
between Charleston and Hamburg, will leave as
follows:
UPWARD.
Not to leave Charleston before 7 00 a m.
“ “ Summerville, “ - -8 30
“ “ Georges’, - “ - 10 00
“ “ Branchville, “ - 11 00
“ “ Midway, - “ - ]l 30 m.
‘ “ Blackville, - “ -100 p. m.
“ “ Aiken, - - “ - 300
Arrive at Hamburg not before - 400
DOWNWARD.
Not to leave Hamburg before 6 00 a. m.
“ “ Aiken, - “ - - 730
“ Rlackville, “ - • 9 30** s % w
“ “ Midway, “ - . ](j 30
“ “ Branchville, “ - - II 00
“ “ Georges’, “ - - 12 00 m.
“ “ Summerville,“ - - 2 OOp. m.
Arrive at Charleston not before 300 fe
Distance —136 miles. Fare Through —$10 00.
Speed not over 20 miles an hour. To remain 20
minutes each, for breakfast and dinner, and not
longer than 5 minutes for wood and water at anv
station.
To stop for passengers, when a white flag is
hoisted, at either of the above stations; and also at
Sineaths, Woodstock, Inabinct’s, 41 mile T. 0.,
Rives’, Grahams, Wiileston, Windsor, Johnsons,
ami Marsh’s T. O.
Passengers up will breakfast at Woodstock and
dine at Blackville; down, will breakfast at. Aiken
and dine at Summerville. may 21
GREAT ARRIVAL!
Fifteen Bushels, or 270,000 boxes of
PETERS’ PILLS.
The subscribers have made arrangements with
Dr. Peters, of New York, to be supplied by the
quantity with his Pills. All deairs can now
be supplied at factory prices. Os alnhe pills
have any knowledge of, these are the most valua
ble. In uo instance have they failed to accomplish
every tiling they promised, and thousands who for
years have been lingering with some chronic or ob
stinate disease, new add their testimony in behalf
of this valuable medicine.
One great quality of his Vegetable Pills is, that
they have the alternative principle combined with
their cathartic, or operative qualities, so that they
not only cleanse the stomach and bowels by purg
ing, but they regulate the liver,change the mortud
secretions, strengthen the digestive organs, purify
the blood, invigorate! be circulation, and give tone
and energy to the nei vous system.
They have no rival in curing and preventing
Bilious Fevers, Fever and Ague, Dyspepsia, Liver
Complaints, Sick Head-ache, Jaundice, Asthma,
Dropsy, Rheumatism, Enlargement of the Spleen,
Piles, Cholic, Female Obstructions, Heart-burn, /
Furred Tongue, Nausea, Distension of the Stomach ' W
and Bowels, Incipient Diarrhoea, Flatulence, Hab
itual Costiveness, Loss of Appetite, Blotched or
I Sallow Complexion, and in all cases iif Torpor of
i the Bowels, where a Cathartic or an Aperient is
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Dr. Peters has sold more than live millions of boxes
of these celebrated Pills, in the U, States, the Cana
das, Texas, Mexico and the West Indies, since
Jan. 1835. All persons who have used the Genuine
Peters Vegetable Pills , recommend them in terms
I of the most unqualified praise, which is proof pos
itive ol their extraordinary and benelieial effects,
these justly celebrated Pills are for sale by
THOMAS BARRETT 4c Co., and
HAMLAND, RISLEY & Co.. Agents
june 6 2a