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-" 1 1— WILLIAM E. JONES & Co. AUGUSTA, Gv. TUESDAY MORNING. AUGUST 20. 1839 , r rrT VoL. ni.—N0.,85 TUB CIIKOMi l-R AND SKXTINEL PUBLISHED, DAILY, TUMVIEEKLY, AND WEEKLY, At No. Broad-street. terms: Daily paper, Ten Dollars per annum, in advance. Tri-Weekly paper, at Six Dollars in advance or Seven at the end of the year. Weel.ly layer, Three Dollars in advance,or Four at j the end of year. i'HRONICLE AND SENTINEL. f \ u GVBTA. MONDAY MORNING, AUGUST 19. The Next Congress. The extraordinary results of the recent elec tions, render it altogether probable that the ad ministration will again command a majority in the next House of Representatives. The follow ing is the result in the Slates which have already elected their members. Opposition. Administration. Maine, 2 New Hampshire, •> Vermont, 3 ~ Massachusetts, 10 S Connecticut, 6 New York, 21 lb Pennsylvania, 11 1 ' New Jersey, 1 •' Ohio, M * * Michigan, Illinois, 1- Missouri, 3 Tennessee, 7 ,J Indiana, 1 b Delaware, Virginia, 9 1' North Carolina, 6 7 South Carolina, 2 ‘ Georgia, 9 Alabama, 2 3 Louisiana, 3 Arkansas, 1 102 116 There are eight contested seats, viz: five in New Jersey, one in Pennsylvania, one in Vir ginia, and one in Illinois. We have, in every instance, in the above classification, placed the disputed seats to that party which received the highest number of votes, without reference to the legality of the returns. There are four States yet to be heard from. . which elect twenty-five members, viz : Kentucky ’ thirteen. Rhode Island two, Maryland eight, and Mississippi two. Os these twenty-five members, the opposition had in the Inst Congress twenty one, and the administration four, ihe opposi tion, it is ascertained, have already lost one in Kentucky, Mr. Southgate. North Carolina. The following are the members ot Congress elect from this State:—Messrs. Jesse A. Bynum, Charles Sheperd, M. T. Hawkins. J. J. McKay, William Montgomery, Henry W. Conner, and John Hill, Van Burenites; and Messrs. Lewis Williams, Jas. Graham, Edmund Deberry. Ed ward Stanley, Charles Fisher and Kenneth Rayner, Whigs. Indiana. The following are the names of the members of Congress elected from this State —(viz) Wm. W. Wick, John Carr, J. W. Davis, Tnomas Smith, T. A Howard, and Robert D. Owen, all Van Buren men; and James R.tridcn, VVhig. New Cotton. Five bales of new Cotton were received on Saturday last, from the plantation of Judge liyne, of Burke county, and stored at the warehouse of Messrs. Stovall, Simmons & Co. The quality, we learn, is good—Hi cents was refused for it. Two bales of new Cotton, of good texture and excellent quality—good fair to fine—were receiv ed at Hamburg on Saturday last, from the plan ' tation of D. Prescott, Esq., of Edgefield District’ S, C„ and sold to Mr. John E. McDonald, for 18 J cents per pound. / - A / The Hon. Franklin H. Elmore, a member o) 'Congress from the Richland District, S. C„ has resigned his seat. It is understood that lie is to be appointed President of the State Bank, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Judge y Two Days Later from Europe. The ship Oncco, at Boston, brings Liverpool papers to 13th July. There was a continued decline in the price of cotton uni 1 the 11th, when considerable sales were made, and on the 12th there was an ad vance in price of £to sd. The sales ot the week amount to 21,480, and imports to 30,882 bales. There had been some improvement in the cot ton trade in Manchester, in consequence of favor able news and huge orders from Calcutta. The authorities had withdrawn the military and police from the streets of Birmingham, and the town was comparatively quiet. The crops’aro represented to be extremely good, and never looked better or gave greater pro mise of a plentiful supply. In the House, on the 1 lib. them was a debate on Sir William Molesworth's motion, of which he had previously given notice, viz: “ That it is the opinion of tins House that every considera tion of humanity, justice and policy demands that Parliament should seriously apply itself, without | delay, to legislating for the permanent govern ment of Her Majesty’s provinces of Upper and Lower Canada.’ On the same day it went into committee on the Lower Canada Government Bill, and the several clauses were adopted—the second clause bv a vote of 174 to 150. Lord Stanley voting with the nays, Mr. Atwood’s motion to take up the great Chartists petition was to have precedence in the House of Commons on the 12th. The Paris papers are principally occupied in endeavors to induce the Government to forego the execution of any of the insurgents of the 1 ‘2 th of May, who may he capitally condemned by the Court of Peers. Letters from Bagdad announce the over flow ot the Tigris, which bud laid the whole city nearly under water. It Was stated that already more than one thousand houses had been destroyed. Turret.—Letters from < onstantinople of the 19th ult. represents the recovery of the Sultan as almost hopeless. The heir of the Ottoman j throne is a young man about 19 years of age, brought up in that seclusion so common to Prin ces of the Osntanlis dynasty, of whose notions of government nothing can he known before his assumption of the Imperial and pontilicial au thority—hence the indisposition of Mahmoud is an affair of more than ordinary interest. But the Sultan’s illness has not in the least cooled his ar dor for war. On the contrary he has expressed himself indifferent to the protraction of his life after seeing Mehcmet Alt and his son in chains before him. The recovery of Egypt and Syria would reconcile him to the loss of Greece. Since the last advices from Constantinople, the Sultan has diffused great joy among the inhabi tant’s, by the promulgation of a firman abolishing the government monopoly of bread and the house tax imposed for defraying the expenses of quar antine establishments. His highness has more over commanded, that to all persons who have paid the house-tax, the sums paid by them, shall be returned on application to the imperial treas ury. Liverpool, July 12. Cotton —The market opened with the same limit ed and inanimate demand as marked the close of lest week, and on each day prices gradually gave way in favor of the buyer until yesterday, when a complete panic seized the majority of the holders of American Cotton, and the most irregular sales were made, but generally a Id. per lb. below closing prices of Friday last. At this great de cline the trade bought freely', and showed an equal disposition this morning to go on with their pur chases, but have been in a great measure stopped by the holders suddenly withdrawing a great por tion of the Cotton that had been previously press ing and demanding generally «d a j-d advance in prices. A more limited business has conse quently' been transacted, hut as the advance has been obtained, the market has assumed a move de cided appearance, and something approaching a correct quotation can be given. The ordinary qua lities of Upland and New Orleans are now : fd, and the fair and good j a below the currency of this day week. In Brazil and Surat, the changes have not been so great, and the decline docs not exceed od a Jjd. In Egyptian no change to notice Import of this week 30.&52 hags; sales (including 10U0 American on speculation, and 22(i0 American, 60 Surat, and 360 Bengal for export.) 21,150 of which 1(>0 were Spa Island 21 a 3uj; -I3DI I Upland 6 aS- 3 UK) Alabama and Mobile 5J a 8; BSJ New Orleans a 9. Manchester, July 12. Cotton. —The commercial news from ' alcutta this week is most favorable; sales have been ex tensive at good prices, and large orders have come to hand, principally for printed Calicoes and the lower descriptions of hand loom cloths. The general business has been better than the last week, and when it is considered that Cotton has declined fuhy .0 percent, and that power loom fabrics have maintained their value, things must be pronoueced more healthy. Hand loom calicoes, however, arc easier to buy. Twist in low num bers is a shade lower. The best descriptions of shirtings have become scarce and an order of some extent could not be executed by purchases from lirst houses. < n the whole, a better tone pervades the general business of thedistiiet. It is understood that there are very large orders in town for twist from Russia. On y let the manufactures and spinners continue to work short time a little longer, and we sh ill soon see a living prolit for all e igaged in the trade. •London, July 11. Little business in the English Stock market. — Consols are shade lower, being last mar ed at 92 a i ex. di v. for money, and a | foracconut Three percents Reduced are the same as yesterday, 92 J a j, and the three and a half arc j per cent higher, being last quoted 69 f a j ex. div. Exchequer bills remain at 20 a 245. premium, and Bank Stock 191 £ a 192. (lotion seems at any rate to have stiuck bot tom in the Liverpool market so hard as to cause some rebound, and to have fallen so low as to make the Manchester men eager to buy. ft is one of the best features that trade at Manchester had assumed a much better appearance.—Balti more American. Public Meeting. At a meeting of the citizens of Augusta, at the City Hall, on Saturday, the 17 th of August. 1839, held in pursuance of a resolution of the City Council, His Honor the Mayor was called to the chair, and Andrew .1. Miller, appointed Secretary. The Chairman stated the object of the meeting to be to take into further consideration the me morial of the South Carolina Canal and Kail Road Company, praying to be allowed the pri , vilege of crossing the Savannah river and of es tablishing a depository in the city. Whereupon E<l ward F. Campbell, Esq. offered the following resolutions, which being seconded, /were adopted, to wit: f Resolved, That the importance of the subject which we are called upon to consider, entitles those of our fellow-citizens who arc at present absent, to an opportunity of expressing their opinions. Resolved, That the further consideration of the memorial, of the South Carolina Canal and Kail Road Company, be postponed until Saturday, the second day of November next, and that this meet ing stand adjourned to 12 o’clock, M. of that day. A. GUMMING, Chairman. A. .1. Milieu. Secretary The Mobile papers announce the death of the Hon. Henri Hitchcock, a distinguished citi zenjof that place, and one of the most eminent jurists of Alabama. He died of the yellow fever. The Merchants and Planters’ Journal, says;— “The death of Judge Hitchcock has casta very heavy gloom oicr the city—not only from the particular loss of a citizen filling so wide a space in the community, and so high a station in their esteem, but from the circumstances of his death, which are ominous of disaster. His dis ease was yellow fever of the most unequivocal kind—a fact which it is a public duty (or us to promulgate. There were during a few days pre vious, other suspicious cases—some ol them hardly more questionable, but his is one likely from ills station, habits, long residence, and, care fulness, and the abundance of his means for the best medical preventives and attendance, to spread alarms for the future. Our readers at home and abroad, will see in it just grounds for apprehension, though not enougli to enable litem to pronounce positively that the epidemic has fixed itself upon us, yet sufficient to cull for the use of all proper caution and preparation.” .V Correspondence if the North American. j Nkw Youk, Aug. 13,3 P. M. ' ’ i Considerable sensation has been caused this I ' j morning and a great deal of talk, by the news 1 1 | Irani England via Boston. At the first view of, ! the news, il was considered unfavorable; but up- ' 1 I on mature reflection it has been put down as fa- * s j vorable by' an almost unanimous vote. 1 I The sales of Cotton here to-day have been at I ' ' steady prices, and quite as large as for some days I past. Flour is without change. North Caroli- I s na and Virginia Wheat stlis at $1,35, a 1,38. — s Corn, 87a91 cents. Hills on England continue plenty and money B scarce. Good bills have been sold this morning c j at 8 premium. ■ | Some kinds of stocks are lower considerably, and among them United States Bank, which sold j at ; North American Trust Company fell • ii perch Front the National Intelligencer. Mr. Clay aud Abolition. , We find the annexed very interesting letter in I the Norfolk Herald. It was in reply to one ad dressed to Mr. flay by a committee of the Whigs 1 of Nanscmond county, Va, enclosings resolution , ■ declaring “that the gallant stand of the Southern I I Whig members of the late Congress of the Unit j ed States, and particularly the efforts of Messrs. ; Clay, of the Senate, Stanley, of North Carolina, Prentiss, of Mississippi, and Wise, of Virginia, of tho House of Representatives, to expose and check the fell demon of Abolition, entitle them to the cordial thanks and gratitude of the friends of peace and good order throughout the whole Southern country.” Ashland, May 25, 1839. Gknti.icmkn : I duly received the letter which you did me the iionor to address to me. transmit ting a copy of a resolution adopted at a meeting ot the Whigs of Nanscmond county, recently held. Whilst, I hut too sensibly feel that they have placed an estimate entirely too high and flattering upon my capacity and upon the public services which 1 have lieen able to render, it affords me very great satisfaction to learn that I have been | so fortunate as to obtain their approbation ; and : i 1 request you to communicate to those whom you represent my respectful and grateful acknowl edgements for the sentiments of respect and es teem with an expression of which they have honored me. | At too session of Congress prior to the last, I presented resolutions to the Senate touching the institution of domestic slavery, embracing all the principles applicable to the subject, the mainte nance of which appeared to me necessary to the security of property, the stability of our system of general government, and harmony among the States of the Union. At the last session of Con gress, the ultra Abolitionists had presented them selves under a new and alarming aspect. Instead of restricting their exertions to moral persuasion, addressed to the consciences of slaveholders, keeping aloof from parties and politics, as they originally professed to be their intention, they had openly proclaimed their purpose to enter the political arena, and, denouncing all who did not adopt iheii dogmas and agree with them, to force their principles and their men by the aid of the ! ballot box. Il required but little foresight to 1 discern the frightful consequences which would | result from this change of their position, if they 1 should succeed. The Union would be first con -1 vulsed throughout, and finally broken into frag | merits. I thought, therefore, at the lasi session, that the time was suitable to warn the country of the designs and efforts; and hence the speech which has commended itself to the approbation of the Whigs of Nanscmond. That speech is hut an expansion of the argument embodied in the resolutions of the previous session. And I shall he most happy it it should contribute any thing towards arresting the mad career of these . misguided men, and towards preserving the Un , ion. which is the surest guaranty of all the high , privileges which we enjoy. , In the Constitution of that Union there is not r a solitary provision, fairly interpreted and fairly . administered, which authorizes any interference of Congress with domestic slavery as il. exists in the United States. There is not one, relating to the subject, which docs not recognise and treat slaves as lawful property, or look to the safety l and security of that property. The clause which fixes the representation in the popular branch of Congress establishes a ratio founded upon the I acknowledged existence of slave States, slaves are assumed to he lawful property. On tho occasion , of the imposition of a direct tax to prosecute the late war with Great Britain, slaves were taxed by Congress as .flares, and their proprietors paid the ? lax accordingly. The provision which secures - the surrender of fugitive slaves to their owners of I course admits that they are legitimate property, and was intended to preserve peace and harmony among the States. I have seen, with inexpressi - hie surprise and deep regret, that it has been con tended not only that this conservative stipula j lion may be evaded, but that it is even meritori ous to violate it. Meritorious to violate an ex ’ press injunction of that Constitution which many of us are solemnly sworn, and all are hound faith i fully to support! If any citizens of the United States, who object to a particular part of the Constitution, may elude and disregard it, other t citizens, dissatisfied with other parts, have an r equal right to violate them; and universal nulli fication of the sacred instrument would be the necessary consequence. ; I agree with you, gentlemen, in most of what 1 you say in regerd to the present condition of our 3 public affairs. In contemplating it there is much to depress, hut, I rejoice to say, much also to an imate and encourage the genuine patriot, and to • stimulate his most energetic exertion. New and alarming principles, dangerous practices, great | abuses, and extensive corruption, have been in troduced into the general administration during the few last years. I have witnessed their pro -2 gress with profound regret and deep mortification. . | But sentiments of despair are never to he indul t j god as to the fortunes or fate of the republic. An | enlightened and virtuous people require only to • j he convinced of the evil to apply an efficacious j remedy ; and this conviction is forcing itself up , on them, in spite of all the efforts which have , been made and are making to deceive and betray t them. ! I thank yon, gentlemen, cordially, for the , | friendly and flattering manner in which you have . I executed the commission assigned to you by the i I Whigs of Nanscmond. and request you to he as- i i i sured of the sentiments of esteem and regard | witli which I am, faithfully, i 1 °ur friend and obedient servant, „ , H. CLAY. ■ Messrs. John C. Chump, Thus. H. P. Goon- i . win, and John C. Cohoon, &c. &e. From the Charleston Mercury. English Post Uifice Reform. In this great, question, the revolution of opinion and ot the system, has been wrought by a simple , 1 arithmetical demonstration, i 1 l,e British Post Office System resembles a I " —"V • I c ' o3e corporation, consisting of an Executive, tlih. Post Master (ieneral, who, with his subordinates manages and controls the department. The mails arc carried by contract, at a rate of postage horn two pence to one shilling two pence per single sheet. Ihe uniform practice of years had made the system apart of the ■''late, arid removed en tirely from popular cognizance and control. Of ficial opposition had heretofore defeated all efforts to reduce the exorbitant ami oppressive rates; the system went on, and produced for the last twen ty-live years a gross revenue of above twenty-two hundred thousand pound sterling, or between ele ven and twelve millions of dollars, of which in come. one million and a half of pounds were nett revenue. In 1837, Rowland Hill, a private gentleman of London, took up the subject and proposed, in a pamphlet, to remodel the system, abolishing the existing rate of postage, and the practice of charg ing double and treble postage, dee, according to the number of enclosures, together w ith the com plex arrangement for Post .Master’s accounts, and to substitute a imitdrm rate ol postage, without regard to distance, of one penny for each half ounce, collected in advance, Phe result was in time a full conviction on the part of the public, of the correctness of his views, and the practicability of so great a benefit. Mr. llill first fixed attention by the startling fact, that notwithstanding the advances of popu lation, wealth, commerce, education and their concomitants, the revenue of the Post Office, had been nearly stationary for above twenty years. As a reduction of taxes was probable in 1837, it was important to select that subject oftaxalion in which reduction would give most reliefto the people, with the least loss of revenue to the Gov ernment. Os course the Impost would he select ed which had been most defective in keeping pace with the advancing wealth and numbers of the nation, and this was demonstrative of postage. From tables it was made apparent that for twen ty years the revenue of the. Post Office had slight ly diminished, whereas if it had kept pace with the population, there must have liecn tin increase ol 507,700 pounds per annum—u falling off, therefore, of hall a million a year, without taking into account the increase of trade, wealth and ed ucation. Phe loss was more evid cut on comparison of the postage tax with that from the less onerous stage coach duties—subject to the same influen ces, the revenue of the latter progressively increa sing and of the former diminishing from year to year. If the demand for conveyance of letters hud kept pace with that for conveyance of persons and parcels, it was demonstrated that there must./ in effect have been a loss In the Post Office reverie uc ol two millions ol pour ids a year. This was farther proved by the expen enee of France where with lower rates of postage the revenue had in creased in five years from 2- 1,000,000 to 37,000,- 000 (nines, or filly four per cent. According? to this, and the superior advance ol England in pop ulation and commerce, the E nglisli receiptsought to have increased by 75 percent, instead of di minishing or remaining stationary. If laid with a view to revenue solely, tin adore, regardless of public convenience, the tax i ideated its object by being too high. The nett revenue of the Post, Office being more than double the cost i if management, and one third of the mail consi sting of franks and newspapers paying no postage, it followed, the tax on transmission of letters in Great Bri tain was more than three, h limited per cent on the actual cost of transinisi lion. Mr. Hill shows that any obstacle to the free transmission of letters and other papers injures other branches of revenue- -hut that is not a con sideration ol a t ather’s wi right compared to the hindrance of the intellect ual, moral; and reli gious progress of the peopl-And to this view ot the subject ho adds the important considera tion, that, if tire law inter posed not, capitalists Would undertake the tram (mission of letters, on ordinary commercial princi pies, and he interested in using all proper economy, skill and attention ; hut the Post Office being 1 y law a monopoly, its conductors have not the ordinary stimulants to enterprise and good inanag emenl—and however badly conducted it may he , the people must sub mit. The Legislature is t’nercfore responsible for all the mischief of its man agement. He next considered the extent of reduction of postage practicable withoi it injuring the revenue. He calculates the average cost of com eying un der the varying circumstances of distances, <fec. and adds the amount of (July necessary to pro duce the revenue require d. He first ascertains the present actual cost, part of which is on account of franked letters and newspapers. The number of taxed letters per annum, is 88,600,000 Os franked letters, 7,400,000 Os newspapers, 30,000,000 Total, 126,000,000 The total annual expense is £096,569, which embraces all the bounties of the priviledged great in this business,"with $200,000 insuper.innuna tion allowances yearly, and royal pensions to dukes, &c., and the enormous cost of twenty eight percent, for expenses of collection, the ac tual cost of carrying a letter, under all these ex penses, being a out one and one-third pence each. He then deducts, the unnecessary expenses, and estimates those indispensable for carrying the mail and concluding tire business-of the depart ment, and, taking the existing salaries as they were, found that the whole cost of transit was £144,209 —being twenty-eight hundredths of a penny for each letter, frank, or paper. The cost of receipt and delivery, including the regal allow ances of tire General Post Office, salaries to offi cers end subordinates, rate of collection, and £30,248 of pensions, amounted to £282,308, being fifty-six hundredths of a penny for each letter or paper—making, conjointly, eighty-four hundredth of a penny for all expenses of each ar ticle transmitted. Deducting the heavy .articles of newspapers and franked letters, would leave an average expense on taxed letters of only nine hundredths of a penny. These calculations were verified by another and infallible test. He ascertained the cost of carrying the mail the four hundred miles, between London and Edinburg, including the mails of all j •he intermediate places,to be five pounds per day | the average nett weight of mail so carried to besix l hundred weight. The cost was, therefore, for a j newspaper weighing an ounce and a half, about 1 cne-uixlk of it penny for a quarter of an ounce, | the weight of a single letter, one thirty-sixth of 1 u penny. As 400 miles exceeded much the av- } erage of distances, he deduced from the forego ing results the first grand principle of his scheme, | viz: ‘•lf the charge of postage he made proportion- | ate to the whole expenses of receipt, transit and ; delivery, and collection of the postage of a letter, \ it rnu-t he made .uniformly the same from every i post town to every other post town in the king- 1 dom, unless it can be shown how we can collect so small a sum as the thirty-sixth part of a | penny.” —.—- s. 3s it would take a letter of nine times the single letter's weight to cost one farthing. “luxation apart, the lux ought to he precisely j the same for every packet ol moderate weight, without reference to the number of enclosures." I he next ana was to simplify the complex ma chinery of the Department, resulting, as he be lieved, not from the necessary business ol the de partment but from •ts tax gathering purpose. The expenses on the receipt anil delivery of let ters were found to consist almost wholly of sala- j ries to Post Other seriants and officers, viz; su- i perintendents, including postmasters and keepers I ot receiving houses, and clerks, messengers, and j letter carriers. By simplifying operations, the \ first class he proved could do much more husi- i ness. Ihe duties ol clerks, which he details, are ; analogous entirely with those of the clerks in the : I idled Slates. That ot the curriers is to deliver letters and receive postage. The very complex : and hurried duties of the clerks in charging. &e„ I letters ol various postage, and the tedious process J ot receiving by the camera, he proposes to slm- ! plify and cut oil by his third great principle. “ J hat the postage besides being of low and uni form rate, and regulated by weight—should in all ! eases be payable in advance. His plan was the combination of these princi ples—the public would hi' willing to pay a low rate in advance—the uniformity of the rale sim plifies the accounts —and the paying in advance, i leaves nothing farther to be done respecting a let- j ler in tlie office, except to deliver it promptly anil I safely. He then showed that under suit) arrangement j the actual establishment could transact five times j the present amount of business, and allowing lor increase of mileage—he showed that while the business of the actual establishment cost £426,- , 517. —a fourfold amount of business would not cost more than £651,248; being a cost of a I farthing and three tenths Ibr a single letter. He proposed therefore that the rale of postage should be fixed at one penny per half ounce, re gardless of distance—ami heavier packets to any convenient limit should be charged at the same rate. To collect in advance—he proposed the issue of stamped covers from the Post Office—for all requisite packages; to he sold at a price including the postage—each having the weight it was enti tled to carry legibly printed on the stamp—and to go through tlie mails as a frank. Sheets of letter paper w nuld he stamped in the part used for the address. Newspaper wrappers and covers of cheap paper also to be stamped. Postmasters to be required to keep these for sale—and a discount 'allowed to me.ko it their interest, and that of .sta tions to sell them. The low price would riot tempt forgery. The stamp of the receiving house to he struck on each frank to prevent its use a second lime. 1. The Pont Office would thus ho relieved from collecting the revenue. 2- The receipt of letters would he prompt and easy without the trouble of receiving money, making change, charging, &c. 3. Exceptions to the usual rate would he of little inconvenience—tor the weight allowed am! the destination whether for local or general dis tribution would be expressed on the stamp. It would transfer the receipt of Postage to the Stump Office, but there it would he in large sums a number of stamps being bought at once, ands , consequently the number of payments would he reduced by a thousand to one. With machinery the cost of stamping would lie a mere tride. The objections in the case of ignorant poisons unaccustomed to write, are then met by several proposals. On taking the lettes from the box each is to he stamped with the date and addiess of the receiv ing house, with a telltale stump—which on a well known plan counts the number of letters impressed. Each letter when stamped to he thrown into a box marked with the initials of the Post Town to which it is addressed. These a'e the leading features—besides which Mr. Hill gave the minute details and various modifications of his (dan —and met and answered candidly anil sa tisfactorily the objections to it, such as the diffi culties in the secondary distribution of letters.— As to Foreign Letters he proposed that all leav- , ing the kingdom should he charged double the English postage —and all coming i to the coun try should he delivered free. 4he postage claim ed by the foreign government to he paid by the foreign resident. This arrangement would be practically the same in result. The English resident would pay bis share at. oncei nsteadofiii two payments—and there would be no necessity of negotiating with foreign governments in the matter. Parliamentary inquiry sustained Mr. Hill’s cal culation of the amount of letters annually pass ing through ;he Post Office. Iry an aggregate still higher than his. Also, as to the anticipated increase of letters, from adopting his plan. It was found that the illicit transit of letters exceeded that of the Post Office. Mr. Hill’s pamphlet circulated rapidly and pro- I duced a powerful impression on tlie popular mind. The attention of Parliament was culled and gi .en to the subject. A committee was ap pointed, and after thorougly investigating, re ported in favor of the plan, complimenting Mr. llill warmly, but proposing under the circum stances a modified adoption of the scheme, viz: that the rates on all inland general post letters should be reduced to a uniform charge of two pence per half ounces, with an increase of a penny for each additional half ounce. They also pro posed the partial adoption of his mode of collect in postage in advance by means of stamped cov- j ers, with some other similar modifications of the | existing system. The plan thus far triumphed in spite of the | furious opposition and incorrect testimony of the j Post office officials, whose misrepresentation or ignorance, or both together, earned them the je marked but silent contempt of parliament—undl on the 7th of July last, the Chancellor of the Exehcqucr formally recommended to Parliament the adoption of the plan in its original simplicity —merely requiring a pledge from that body to cover any deficiency in the revenue which might result at first from so great a change. The min istry adopted and recommended the proposed [jenny postage in tlie most liberal spirit, and to their honor, to give the plan every advantage, rc ! commended the abolition of the privilege of par ! liamentary and official franking. In tins abstract, we have endeavored to bring within our limits by condensing so much of the I already condensed account given in the Demo- j cratic. Review, ns might afford our readers an ' understanding of the lending features of this very i important and highly interesting reform. For 1 more full information we recommend them to the Review, which promises at an early period, | I to inquire into the applicability of the system to j I the United States. ',We I, Bob, how much did your pig weigh?’— I “Oh don t know, it did'nt weigh as much as 1 ex -1 peeled—l always thought it wouldn't." tram Ihc Southern li,inner. Retail of Intoxicating Drinks. Tn the People >,f Oo,i j; a .- The following issue lias been mud, up and pro.- wtitetl, lei low-eit Irens, tor your decision; Huh the Lcgisiaiutc of the State, the right, >'!ul in it their duty to pass a law to suppress) tip pl'.rsg houses'? Holding ns tire undersigned do, the affirmative Ol both ol those propositions, we have submitted the question lor your determination. Tire next enquiry is, how is public, opinion with inspect to this matter, to be tested I In other words, should we fail to obtain a majority of the people to sign our memorials. Is it just to infer that we are In the minority ! W e think not, for many reasons. I wo only need he assigned, to satisfy you of the correctness of our conclusion. In st phee— these petitions cun not be presented to every per* son—nor perhaps even to a moily of our 'entire population; and secondly, many who lake sides wiih us, are unwilling to j ut their names to k paper. As we wish nothing hut lair plav, then, we shall insist (hat the opposition get up counter memorials, as they are doing in some of the Counties, and let the result be ascertained by the plurality ot signatures. So far as we. have any control over this movement, we pledge ourselves to ask no action of the Assembly, unless our numbers exceed greatly the. numbers of the oppo sition. Ihe plan hero proposed is-not new, but claims universal precedent loi its authority. The t vile here proposed is that which is acted upon by till’ British Parliament, tire Congress ot tile Urri ted States, the Legislatures of the respective States, and every other deliberate body so tar os we know. JOS]AH FLOURNOY. •los. HENRY LUMPKIN. Athens, Aug. nth, 1839, N. H. The newspapers of the State ore res pectfully solicited us a personal favor, to publish the foregoing card. Consignees per South ('n loliim Kail Road. llambuku, August 17, 1839. K. D. Cooke; T. Dawson; Rankin, Hoggs Ai C 0... T. Richards; Stovall, Simmons « Co.; Rees St lie all- Antony St Haines; Bones A Carmichael; Havilaud, Risley Sc Co.; J. F. Henson; George Parrott; J. \V. Stokes; A. Sibley; P. Fleming; Hand S; Scranton; Kcrnagban & Wray. COMMERCIAL. Latest dales from Liverpool, lull/ 13 J.alesl dates from Havre July 9 Charleston, August 17. Cotton. —With tb." exception of a few bags Up lands taken occasionally to supply Northern manu factures, nothing has, or can he done: -all are wait ing In expei Ution for better prospects, destined perhaps to speedy disappointment. Hire. —As will be peieeived, the operations in Rice since out last, have been very light although prices are fully sustained. Prime qualities meet with little or no demand most of it being in stole. The sales amount to 471 tierces, and were ellec ted principally for the West Indian and Northern markets, lx! at 11-16: 33,4 1-b; 7S, 271, 4jjj and SO, 4y per ewt. I■'lour. —loo hols Howard street brought ; to S-, 50 bids new Baltimore at go bbis. Canal at 7y. A feli bills Richmond country at j7 to 1 and a lot of “Haxall” at per bid. Grain Three cargoes Corn arrived this week, amounting to 85(10 bushels and were disposed of at 911 to H-0c per bushel; 3000 busl els Oats brought 43c. In- Peas there is nothing doing Hay. —loo bales so d at $l, and several smal lots at Ho ets. per ewt. Groceries i lie operations in Groceries were on quite a limited scale, the demand being cormncd to domestic wants. Prices are, however, kept up in view of favorable anticipations: 4,0 birds. Muscova do Sugac sold at 7y to -Sc , about 00 hit Is. do. at 8 to 9y, and a few scattering lots prime at 10jc. per lb. Codec has born.retailed at 9to ULc. per lb Bacon. —3oo Haltilnoi Mams brought at auction 10 to 10 l-2c per lb. We quote Hams at 16 to 17 cts.; SkiesB4 to 94; Shoulders 10 to per lb. Lard— Is ia little request, worth 13 cents. Salt. —Bso sacks Liverpool brought $1 75c. a. sack. exchange. —(in England and France nominal. /Sight Exchanges on the North 14 per cent.-Aakcs Hills on New York, Boston, Baltimore, and niond 30 days par; 60 do. 4 dis. 90, 14 do.; Phila delphia, do. on New l.rleans and Mobile 14 per cent.; on Camden and Columbia, S. C. par. Freight.— To Liveipool dull at to 7-lOd per lb. for Cotton. To Havre, f cent per lb. To New York, 00 centj per bag for Cotton, luce, 50 ets. per tierce. statement of cotton. S. Island. Upland./ on hand Ist Get. 1838, 924 2219 Received this week, 00 412 Previously, 11037 200190 11961 202521 Exported this week, 61 1654 Previously, 10384 197119 On shipboard not cleared, 00 314 10448 199057 Stock on hand 1513 3734 Savannah, August 16. Cotton. —Arrived since the Dili inst. 327 bales Upland, and cleared at the same time 1657 bales Upland and 44 hales Sea Island, viz: to Liverpool 11«2 bales Upland and 44 bales Sea island; New York 96 bales; Baltimore 79; leaving a stock on hand including all on shipboard not cleared on the Kith inst. of 1469 bales Upland and 11 1 bales Sea Island 1 otton. The market is perfectly “in ca rn” and we hear of no sales this week, prices nominal and but Rule oflering. Tire new crop is beginning to appear. In Sr :i Island nothing doing. Rice. —There is but a limited demand, and smal! sales are made from 4j a 44. Stock light. Flour. —The market continues dull. Sales of 150 bbis Howard street at a 74. Corn— Two cargo about «500 bushels arrived this week were disposed of at 95 cents. 3000 bush els oats at 53 cents. * Groceries —ln Coffee, Sugar and Molasses a moderate retail business doing at former prices. Hay —Sales of 400 bundles on tire wharf at 95 "x cents. Bacon —Sales at 10,000 lbs Baltimore assorted at 124 ccuts. Spirits —ln domestic liquors we have no change to notice either nr price or demand. New- Orleans, August 10 Cotton. — Received three 3d inst. 422 bales rooking the total receipts to date 574,383 bales Exported this week to Liverpool, 2080 do. Havre 1,180 do. W est indies 265, Coastwise 40 do. in ah’ 3,565 bales, making a reduction in Mock of i 36° bales, and leaving a ha ance on hanj.ine tiding ah on ship-board not cleared, of 14.573 hales 6 • ' As for our own market it Iras Urtor wff’ost a complete blank since t ie receipt 01 the accounts bv the Great Western, and seems little likely to afford ns any important transactions to repoit until the season opens with the new crop, some holders arc shipping, rn prelerencp to vie ding to the mate rial reduction demanded By b .yers. The total sales of the last ten days amount to 69 bales, 6 bales o' which were of the new crop, received from Kol' ncy, Miss —said to have classed good fair—whi. n were sold ;.t 1.) ets per lb.-a mere fancy purchase and, of course, allowing no criterion of the vain, of Cottons in the market. There have aso been two ba.es of the now crop received from Red it;,,! which are not yet sold. wive