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I'fIHONICI.K A\U SRNTIVKg. ® _ • • v i «. i s' r \. * ■ —— THI RSD . y MORWINO, AV Gl K I 22. FOR COVERNQK, CII A R LES D O II« II ERT V , or CLAIIK CIIOTTr. Mitot’s Omen, J Augusta, 6 o’clock, f. m., Aug. 21. 18311. 3 During the early part of the last week, five eases of Fever occurred in the Second Ward of our city, which terminated fatally on the 181 Ii and 19th inst. Some apprehensions having been excited hy this unusual circumstance, I have con suited the medical gentlemen in relation to the character and supposed origin of the disease. The Faculty have reported that the disease alluded to varied in no material features from those frequently exhibited in the ordinary sum mer and autumnal fevers ofnll southernelimutes— that it Was neither infectious nor cmla^inus — that it was confined to narrow limits, and origin ated in some local causes which have since been removed. The general health of our city was never hotter than at the present moment. Hy persevering attention to the cleanliness of their lots I foci assured that our citizens will he ena bled to maintain the reputation of Augusta, as the healthiest city in the Southern Stales. , A. HUMMING, Mayor. Two days later trout England. By the arrival at New Fork, on the 17th. of the packet Ship Sheridan, the editors of the Com mercial Advertiser have received files of English papers, Liverpool to the ISth and London tothe evening, of the 13th both imdusive. By this arrival we are furnished with one day’s later advices in relation to the Liverpool cotton market, which it wilt he seen closed with some degree of firmness. Lux no is, July 12.—The meeting of the hunk directors, yesterday, gave rise to the usual reports • fun increase of the rate of discount, hnl thesu anticipations were not realized. A very seas in side addition to Iho attenuated amount ol bullion now m the country has been made hy the arrival from South America of $1,3011,000; and it is believed that this occurrence induced the hank directors to continue discounting at the present rale. No doubt is entertained that Iho shipment ol bullion from Mexico, so long interrupted by the French blockade, will soon pour into this country large quantiles of the precious metals. nuxcK. A London paper of the I Slit contains the fol lowing curious paragraph. File Court ol Peers continued with closed doors to deliberate upon the sentence of the pris -0 icrs. It was not expected that » verdict would he giv II liefoie Friday evening. Great fears were entertained ol another insurrectionary movement, should the Government persist in executing such 01 the prisoners as may he condemned to death. Among other republican plots recently discovered is one (or the seizure ol some memlier of the roy al family, to he kept as a hostage for Bai lies, and to he put to death in the event of the execution of that intrepid insurgent. This has tilled the royal fam.lv wilu the utmost alarm; none of the prill es daring to move abroad unless surrounded hy a guard. In fuel llarbes is hardly more n prisoner than King Louis Philippe and his fami ly. The ./ n/rnnl ilu Havre gives the annexed ar ticle as having been communicated hy a deputy. “It is in consequence of a series of misunder stood reports that the journals have spoken of the project of the Government to establish a line of Government packets between Bordeaux and the I oiled Stales. The Minister of Public Works himself, has just announced that it was the intention of the Government to establish two hues of steamers, hut in the following manner : —One between Havre and New Vork, the other bet ecu Bordeaux, the Gulf of Mexico, and South America. The Minister denies any other project. Some of the lots in the new city of Austin in Texas, sold at the late sale as high us /too ihuu ffint/ seven hundred dollars each. The average of the wholesales is nut less than /ifhen hundred dollars a lot. The Fredericksburg Arena, says : —The Post master General has sent an agent to England to ascertain the true details and practical working of the uniform and reduced rate of postage lately adopted there, with u view to its introduction here. Wo hope something of the kind may he effected. The tales are too high. A large re duction would, we have no doubt, increase the receipts of the Department. As to u uniform rate —that is hut one charge for any distance, however groat—and payment in advance, we do not feel justified in hazarding an opinion, though tiie operation in England has been according to the latest accounts, favorable. Tim 'Crops,— From every quarter of our Slate, we hear of the crops. A gentleman from Tennessee called on ns lust week and informed I us that in that •State the products of the earth ) were immense; and that wheat was selling at 'A tuy-nt y-fir outs per bushel,— Cut, ("Miss. ) j Arjfu*,itf 16. A. Cotton Crops. —We lenrn from many plant- I ers, thitt the cotton crops will he much shorter j than was anticipated a lew weeks since, in e.in sequence of the luxuriant growth of the weed, and the ell’eets of the worm.— Marion (Ala. ) I Herald, of nth. Bvnks in Sot th Amkrica. — A citizen of the Looted Stales has obtained a charter from the Republic of Eueador, for a hank, the principal branch of which is to he established at Guaya quil. The chief provisions of the charter are given in the Globe as follows.— Butt. Pal. The hank is to he one of discount and depo •ite. The capital, live hundred thousand dollars, to be paid in tin; coin of (be Republic, and to re tnain constantly in the hank. Five Hank may issue bills, payable in specie at sight, to twice the amount of capital. No bill to l>e issued for less than ten dollars under penally of forfeiting the charter. These hills shall not be he| las legal tender in payment of debts. The Govern ncul may receive them in payment of duties, but will not coaipel Us creditors to re ceive them. Fho Bank shall tend in no individual, at one time, more than ten thousand dollars, h shall hold no property, other than the banking house. it shad not lie e'Oieeriu-d, directly or indirect ly. in aiv cum nervisl imnsaetio is, other than the p irehase of hills of exchange, foreign ordo •uesti•, under penally of forfeiting its charter. Th! Bank may demand nine per coni, interest ! j upon its loans, «n<i not more. No officer or di rector of the Bank shall borrow from it more than five thousand dollars at any one lime. The charier shall continue for ten years, revo ; cable at the pleasure of the Government. The Bank shall receive in deposit!, all funds ol the Government, and pay them out free of charge. The (Jneiist. so. it, I TO Till lOTTO V PI.AXTKIIK OP TUP. C. STATUS. 1 I'r enih mill Fellow-Citizens • But very few I days hail elapsed from the appearance of my (irst , | number, when the arrival of the British (jueen r J disclosed a fact of vital importance, not merely to I your body, hut to the nation at large, whose prosperity and happiness are inextricably bound ! I up with yours. This fact is. the project of an association in j England for the purpose of extending the culti vation of cotton in tin' British possessions in the East Indies with three avowed objects—to ren : iler the British independent ol a foreign am) rival nation for the material not only of their principal manufacture, but of the greatest manufacture the world o>'ei wilucmed—to foster and encourage j their mighty empire in the east—and, though last, j certainly not the least, to discountenance the use I of the chief product of slave labor. Borne of their writers are so sanguine as to i suppose that they may be able to supersede the ! use of our cotton altogether. This is a mere ‘■day dream,” never to he realized—at least pro ' bably not for a century —and not worthy to lie lu | ken into consideration at present. Ollier writers—and among them one of our own : citizens—regard the scheme as altogether imprac- I I cable, owing to the deterioration of the crops . ••veil when good seed issown. Without entering | into the discussion how far this idea may be cor j reel, ns to the wide extent of the project, let it j milliee for our present purpose, that should it succeed, even on a small scale, as it must. it cannot fail to materially affect your inteiests and those of your country. In fact, the mere agitation ol the i|iieslioii is injurious. One of the sages of antiquity observed that wise men profited lay the errors and follies of oth ers—hut that fools did not profit by their own. ■Supposing that you wish, in the present instance, to avoid lacing classed in the latter category, I laeg your attention to some fuels analogous to the present slate of things. During llna existence of the East India Com- ' ! pnny’s monopoly, which closed in 181(1, the im- ! pollution of cotton into Great Britain, from the 1 East Indies, was inconsiderable. In 1811, 14,6-16 hags 1812, 2,GOT “ 1813, 1,429 « 1814, 13,048 “ ( 18 If), 22,237 “ < 1810, 30,070 “ I I H 4,7. r i7 “ i In the lust year great preparations were made i for the importation of that species of cotton nn an enlarged scale; and in the year 1817 the im- s ' pollutions not only exceeded the whole ol the n preceding six years, hut did not full very fur si ort t of the importations of the previous sixteen years s —being not less than, In 1817. 117,154 bags. c 1818, 200,004 “ o 304,758 ,l si The importations of American cotton in the p two lust years were, a In 1817, 108 917 hags. 1818, 247,361 “ ll si 405,298 “ E Only about 10 percent, more than those of ci | the Rust Indies. The preparations for extending the trade to ‘a j East India cotton reached this country in due b j season, ami various writers, among whom the most conspicuous was Tench ('oxe, warned the e cotton planters of the approaching danger, and d I urged them to foster and encourage the domestic (' j market, in order to till the chasm that must inev- i ]it ably take place in the British. The Liverpool j iiiiTehanls were equally industrious in caution- s iug our citizens against the impending danger.* s Never were sounder cautions given—and never I were sounder cautions more disregarded. Cas- ii samba's warnings against the dangers from the t i Grecian myrmidons enclosed within the Trojan a j horse, did not full upon deafer eais. s But this was not all. Our insane policy had I i destroyed three-fourths of the nourishing cotton j manufactories which the war had created and 1 j fostered, ll would he tedious and wounding to I: the feelings of every American, zealous for the I honor and prosperity of his country, to detail the t woeful and wide-spread destruction of the flatter- < ing prospects of some of the most estimable ol i i our citizens, caused by that ruinous policy, 1 | shall confine myself to throe cases- —one in Rhode < j Island, one in Pennsylvania, ond one in New ' I York. “Mr. Do Wolf, of Rhode Island, purchased at i a fair open sale, lor $0,400. a luetory that had i 1 cost $76,000, ‘money carefully laid out ! /’ 1 ••The M iiudaeluring Company of Lancaster. | Pennsylvania, went into operation in 1814, with ! I a capital actually paid of $128,000, which was I I expended in erecting buildings and machinery. ' i ami in spinning cotton yarn ami manufacturing | cotton goods, until the year 1818; when, in con j sequence of the markets being glutted with foreign j goods, it was found necessary to close the eon -1 cent. Hoping for better times, they hud borrow j ed $34,000 on the notes of some of the parties j interested, who purchased the entire estai'lish j ment for the amount of those debts. Thus the I whole original capital was sunk. The new Com pany continued tilt’ business for about two years, when they sold out for $4,000, the proprietors be coming responsible lor debts contracted to the amount of $18,009. The loss sustained by the | Companies amount!d to about $150,000.” •■The Stockholders of the Ragle Company of New York expended on their buildings, machine ry, stock, &e.. $llO,OOO, the whole of which | was sunk, as the proceeds of the property, when I the establishment was broken up, were not more i than sufficient to pay their debts.” The insane policy above referred to produced j another serious calamity. The failure ot so | many manufacturing establishments llmui hunt I the United Stales by the tariff of 1816. throw I thousands of the operatives out ol employment. and drove most of them to country labor, thus | converting into rivals of the farmers those who had been their customers. Hence, while the l quantity of edible articles in market was en i (mured, the purchasers were diminished! Flour ; which in 1818, average'll $lO. and in 1819, sB—- j sunk in 1820 to $4.50. In February, 1821. flour was onlv IT.) cents per barrel in 1 dlsburg, ami wheat 37 i cents per bushel. Pork and veal, in the same place, were three cents per pound. Manv of the ruined fanners on the seaboard, ami manv ol the unemployed manuteeturers, mi grated to the western and south-western stales, • “ The mo«t remarkable increase of imports has been in Hast India Cotton, and the stork of this deseiiption is considerably heavier than it was. Hut the consumption of it is increasing very rapid ly. being now very pro sidy not less than 1,000 bales per week more than it was last year.^ \ atei, Brothers &i 0., Uverpoo", July I, ' y >' " “Os I'ennessees we have ales- favorable opin ion. They are more on a level will) good Hcngals ami middling Surats. and are like y to accompany 1 them in any decline. East India I olton, except Sunt- of a quality that is convertible to the -ame * pur; oxe- a- mdmary Howe Is anil I' rle- u-.in us I de ' t-line. as the xerv heavy imports are not likely to - | berheekel t lithe crop of IM7. and peihaps not 1 till that of 1818, is shipped- Surats still leave a g i profit ”-—Yates, Brothers Co., Nov. 10,1818. ■ ana were employed in raising collon. which took, place also to a very considerable extent in V tr glnia and North < arolma. The result was, that the export of thatarticle, which had in 1819 been 1 only 87,957.140 lbs. (producing $2 1,082,U00,) rose in 1820 to 127.800,152 lbs. (producing only $22,300,000.) Hence, let it be observed, en f Human I, for an addition ol nearly 40,000 000 lbs., we received an addition of about j 1,000,000 . Cun it lie possible that this astounding result will not produce full conviction of our transcen : dent impolicy of glutting foreign markets! No thing but the moat incurable blindness can pre ; vent ils decisive operation. Thu* three great causes combined, from 1817 I to 1820, to reduce the price of collon. Ac ord ing to the treasury returns, it sunk from 32 cents I in 1818, to 22 in 1819, ami to 10 in 1820. The ruin, therefore, which bad been inflicted on the manufacturers and fanners by southern policy, fell with equal weight on the planters themselves am) also on the merchants who had strenuously supported the policy. In fact, a five years' war could not have produced more intense distress than almost universally prevailed in this country in 1820. (See Appendix,) In 1815, according to a statement made by a most respectable ami efficient committee appoint ed to investigate the subject, the consumption in this country was 90,0ut) bales ; and had the pro per encouragement hern given to that all-import ant branch of industry, it might in 1819, have extended to 140,000, and thus averted the conse quences of the heavy importations of East India cotton in 1817 and 1818. The subject of extending the domestic market demands a careful examination—but I forbear to press it at present, to avoid a bitter controversy, which it might and probably would excite. I now only urge the two measures suggested in my 1 isl—the diminution of the cultivation, and stor ing surpluses—measures which were strongly recommended liy the stale of the case before the arrival of the British (iucen, but present them selves with tenfold forcefrom the advices received by that vt sscl. The soil ai d < 1 mate of Texas are well ruten latcd for the culture of Cotton; and as soon as the government is thoroughly settled, is it no* to tbs last degree probable that this state will be come a most formidable rival of our soutltern planters 1 The present crisis is a serious one—but ought not to lead to despondency. It ought, on the contrary, to excite to new zeal, ardour and energy, so that if the impending evils cannot be averted, their weight may be mitigated as soon and as fiat as possible. “Ne cede malls, Scd contra audentior ito.” With respect to the plan proposed by the south ern citizens in New-Yoik, it appears to be too complicated—requiring extensive combinations hero and in Europe, which are scarcely, if at all, practicable; and moreover, the period at which it is to ho taken into consideration (October next) is too remote for the existing pressing exigencies. The two measures suggested above may he re solved on and carried into execution with little or no delay ; and it can hardly admit of a doubt Unit, if determined on at once, they would very spoil favorably ailed the foreign markets. I venture to offer a form of association for consideration. Whereas, the production of Cotton in this: and illmr countries so far exceeds the regular con- Himption ns to produce ruinous fluctuations of n ice, which destroy the hopes of the planters mil exporters: And whereas there h every appearance, from he heavy stocks on hand in England, ami the itale of the cotton market on the continent of Europe, that the consumption in the former country has reached its maximum: And whereas there is scarcely a remote hope of a favorable change in this state of affairs ui i less by a reduction of production : And whereas there is reason to believe, if tl ic equilibrium were preserved between supp y ai id demand, that three-fourths of a superahundiu it crop would produce full us much as, perhaps more than, the whole : And whereas the policy here suggested wot ild so essentially promote the interest of every p er soii concerned in the Cotton trade, not only in this country lint in Europe, by producing a slei ul iuess of price, that it may he hoped it w ill mi -et the support and countenance of all concerned; and e'en should some planters, from narrow and selfish views, refuse to eo operate, they earn ,ot materially alfect the beneficial result proposed : And whereas the practice of storing the su perabundance of the grain crops of one year to meet the demands ot subsequent years of scarci ty. prevail: d in Egypt above 35( 0 y ears since, in the days of Joseph and his brethren, and exists at present in some of the wisest slates of Eu rope : And whereas no satisfartory reason can be giv en why we should not follow the same practice with respect to collon. Therefore, Resolved, That it is advisable to provide suit able places for storing a portion of superabund ant crops till demanded by the slate ol the mark et at home and abroad. Resolreii, ’I hut the subscribers pledge the in selves to each other and to their common coun try, that for the next crop they will devote to the culture of Colton only three-souths of the l and and labor they have hitherto employed for the purpose, and devote the residue to various ot her objects of agricultural industry. IMI IG O. Although this essay has extended farther than I proposed to myself, I cannot resist the tempta tion to enforce its arguments by the analogous case of Indigo. This article was formerly one of the principal items of export from South Caro lina, which probably furnished the chiefpnrt of that employed by the British. The culture, more than once attempted in the East Indies had failed ; but the government, with a sound policy, worthy of the highest praise, aided the manufac tureis with loans to the amount of nearly a mil lion sterling, whereby they were enabled to ex tend the export In 1810 to 5,370,034 lbs., value £ 1,942,328, equal to about 9,720,000 dollars.* M. CAREY. Philadelphia, Aug. 8. 1839. P. S. It has been supposed that in referring to burning of superabundant spices by tbc Dutch, I recommended the buring of superabundant cotton! Nothing could be farther from my mind. Til K UIKIIIST. 38. Is not the cotton trade in the most derang ed slate I 29. Poes it not therefore demand the united talents and energy of all who are interested in it. to ascertain whether any remedy can be appli ed to it; and. if so, to devise the best means of application I 30. Is there any national or permenent relief to be found, except by diminishing the cultiva tion, and providing storehouses for the reception of such portions of a superabundant crop, as. if exported, would produce a glut in the lore gn j markets 1 N. B. I waive, as 1 have staled, the question about extending a domestic market, i 31. As such diminution would promote the •“Brest advances were made to the cultivators, to the extent of nearly one million sterling, on the security ol the produce, insomuch that it ultimate ly became one of the most va uaMe articles of ex poitatkm foi India Its superior qua itv rerom ; tended «t to purchasers both at home and abroad, until the sa es (which in 17m> amounted to *243,• . 011 lbs . producing JL61.533) in 1810 advanced £iadu,illv to n >70.0*24 1 s., producing nt the sales ■ x 1.94'.d.’5, t dgulnvn on tie po'.rer a/ui resources of the British Empire. Appendix , ! P • i interest of all the cultivators, would not half a t j dozen leading planter.*, by a strenuous effort, be I able to produce a general co-operation ! 32. E cn if a few of the planters were perverse enough to refuse to unite, could their refusal ma- ! terially affect the salutary result ! 33. Would not lire steadiness of the markets produced by those measures, be beneficial, not j merely to the cotton planters in this country, hut j to the cotton manufacturers in Great Britain, who suffer by the great fluctuations in the price of their raw material! 34. Has any great project ever been started without many real dilficullios, and vastly more fanciful ones! 35. Can any valid reason be given against storing superabundant cotton, that would not equally apply to storing of grain! 36. Is not the plan proposed to be adopted in England, to extend iho cultivation of cotton in India, pregnant with lire most serious conse quences to the cotton planters and the general in terests of this country! 37. May not the rt suits of that plan be fairly anticipated from the consequences of throwing open to British subjects generally, the trade to India, whereby the Bii’ish market was glutted in 1817 and 1818, and prices reduced in England, and in the United states 50 per cent.! 38. Is there not a great analogy between the present state of the cotton trade and that which prevailed in 1817, 18 and 19! 39. Had the cotton planters at that period paid proper attention to the admonitions of their friends on this side of the Atlantic and of the Li verpool merchants, would they not have escaped a large portion of the overwhelming distress in which they and such numbers of their country men were involved 1 40. Does not (be heavy stock of cotton in Great Britain preclude all hope of a favourable change there ! 41. Is notthc measure proposed by the south ern gentlemen, lately assembled at New York, too cumbrous and complicated; requiring, as it does, a combination of planters, merchants, and banks, on this side of the Atlantic, and of agencies on the other side ! 12. Is it sate or prudent to connect the fate of the southwestern hanks witli that of a commodi ty so liable to fluctuation in price as cotton ! 43. Might not the culture of the mulberry, the raising of silk-worms, and various other agricul tural labours, be profitably substituted for a nor tion of the superfluous labour so perniciously, or at least so uselessly, employed in the culture of cotton ! 44. Ought not our soulhern citizens to lake into consideration the consequences to their in terests likely to arise from the rivalship to be dreaded from Texas. APPENDIX. Situation of the United Sates, as staled in a memorial to Congress, circulated extensively through the Union, in 1824 , b fore the enac tion of the Tar ff of that year. To the members of the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States. The memorial oflhe subscribers, inhabitants of the state of Pennsylvania, who beg leave respect fully to submit to your serious consideration the following important facts : This country possesses advantages, natural, moral, and political, never exceeded, perhaps we might say never equalled, in any other nation, ancient or modern. 1. It has a most extensive seacoast, studded with capacious harbours, and every con> cnieiice for the most fertilizing foreign commerce. 2. It is intersected by some of the most mag nificent rivers in the world, affording every pos sible facility for internal trade. 3. Our soil abounds with iron ore and coal, two of the most important of the fossil produc tions of nature. \. Os cotton, the most valuable raw material in the world, next to iron, we produce about one halt of all that is consumed in Europe and Amer ica, and have a capacity to produce enough to supply the whole world. 5. Os lend, copper, and timber, we have a su perabundance. 6. We have the capacity to produce silk, flax, hemp, wool, hides, and skins, to supply our ut most wants. 7. Wc enjoy waterpower to a boundless ex tent. 8. Fertile lands may he purchased here in fee simple, lor less than the tithes paid in many parts of Great Britain and Ireland, or the poor rates paid in the former country. 9. Our population is hardy, enterprising, ener getic, and intelligent. 10. We are wholly free from the burden of tithes ami excises—and almost from taxes. 11. Nine-tenths of our farmers and planters own the lands they cultivate. 12. Wc have almost every variety of soil and climate. 13. Our government is among the most unex pensive in the civilized world, regard being had to our population and resources. 14. We enjoy liberty to an extent that cannot be exceeded. 15. There are none of the galling restraints upon industry or talent here, which prevail in most parts of Europe Every man may practise any where whatever trade, occupation, or profes sion he pleases. 16. Our national debt is less in proportion to our resources and population than that of any other nation in the civilized world—not being nine dollars per head —only two-fifths of the an nual revenue if Great Britain, and only about fuw-fifths of her excise. 17. We have ample space for all the distressed and oppressed of Europe, who are panting for an opportunity to come to this country of freedom. Blest with these and other numerous and ve ry important advantages, we ought to enjoy a de gree of prosperity never exceeded in the world. But it is a melancholy and palpable truth, thalal mosl every branch of industry languishes. 1 From the excess of the productions of farm ing, and the pernicious exclusion from the ports of Europe of our bread stuff's, on which depends the prosperity of so large a portion of our popula tion. probably 6 or 7,009,000, the prices have sunk so low, at a distance from the seaboard, as not to remunerate the farmer for the labor and capital he employs in cultivation. Corn and oats are sold at a 20 cents per bushel in various parts, and Flour at $2 25 per barrel. Nearly all tbe other productions of farming, and those of horticulture, arc sold at equally reduced prices. 2 In like manner, through the superabundance of the production of cotton and tobacco, all the markets of Europe arc glutted with them, and the price reduced so low as to place the planters in tiic same slate ol depression as the farmers. 3 Navigation is at a low ebb. Freights scarce | ly, if at all, remunerate the ship owners. 4. Commerce is in a state of equal depression. ; The e is scarcely a port in Europe to which our flour, cotton, tobacco, tar, turpentine, or staves, ] can he shipped with any prospect of profit, or 1 even escape from loss. 5 Heal estate has fallen almost universally • throughout the whole country on an average at | l«>»t thirty-five per cent within a few years, j j Hundreds of estates, on which one, two, or three I instalments w re paid, have been sold for the i balance, and in many cases have not produced ! i that balance. In some cases, patrimonial estates, | which had descended from father to son for a i century, have been sold to pay the balance due on lands purchased within the last ten years. I 6 Ihe distress and impoverishment of the Western country obliged Congress in 1821 to allow the purchasers of public land, who owed the government $2l 908,099, to relinquish them j if they judged ptoper. * • 7 This relinquishment took ptncc to the amount of 2,132,881 acres, am! to the value of $7,981,940 —above eighteen months’ interest ol 1 the national debt. On $6,257,480 ot the balance ! due, the credit was prolonged to eight years. 8 This calamitous stale of affairs also obliged Congress to reduce the public lands from a credit price of $2 to a cash price of 125 cents, being a reduction of about half a dollar per acre. 9 This reduction, which nothing but the dis tress and impoverishment of the Western coun try could have rendered necessary, impaired the national resources to the amount probably ot about $1511,01)0,000. It further reduced the va lue of all the lands which Congress had previous ly sold, and which had been bona fide paid for, amounting to many millions of acres, to the great injury of hundreds of citizens. 10 The value of property of every kind is subject to more lluclualions in the United States than in almost any other country in the world. 11 Parents i.i our cities, who have sons grow ing up, are straitened to find occupations or pro fessions for them ; for, 12 In a country capable of supporting one hundred times its present population, almost eve ry class is crowded, from the inacurate distribu tion of the labor and industry of society—(hete being too many farmers, too many cotton and to bacco planters, too many manufacturers general ly, (in consequence of the importation of so large a portion of the manufactured articles con sumed in the country,) too many lawyers, too many doctors, too many merchants, too many clerks, &c. &c. 13 Our wealthy citizens find it difficult to em ploy their capital to advantage, except in specu lations in the funds. 14. Our sinking fund, on which so much de pendence was placed for the extinction, of the na tional debt, has been absorbed, and is scarcely ev er noticed at present. 15. During the last six years of profound peace, witli superabundant harvests, and wholly free from any great natural calamity, we have reduced our national debt only $10,000,000, although our expenses have been contracted within the narrow est limits. 10 In consequence of the failure of the reven ue in the years 1821 and 1822, we were obliged to borrow $8,000,000. 17 In government, hank, and canal slock. Eu rope is a creditor of the United States for 30 to s3s,ooo,ooo,exclusive of a large mercantile debt, and exclusive of the real estate sacrificed to pay foreign debts, principally contracted for luxuries, which we did not require, and which were perni cious, or for conveniences and comforts, that we could ourselves have supplied; by which means she drains us of a heavy annual tribute, in the shape of interest. 18 The balance of trade against this country, has drained us of almost the whole of our gold, foreign and domestic. There is scarcely a gold piece in our banks—none in circulation. “ The mercantile embarrassments if the coun try for same years past have been so seriously felt In/ persons of alt ranks in society, ant/ THE MISERIES OF POVERTY HAVE INVAD ED THE FIRE SIDES OF SO MANY OF OUR RESPECTABLE CITIZENS, that it could scarcely be expected that an imstitution whose prosperity is dependent upon the punctu ality of its customers, should he exempt from its portion of the calamities, which have hern so sen sibly felt by the whole community.’’ —Memorial of the Directors of the Philadelphia Bank, to the legislature of Pennsylvania, dated Feb. 20, 1823'. 19. Thousands of our citizens, brought up to manufactures, and who, at that species of employ ment, would afford a maikct to the farmer for raw materials, and add greatly to the national wealth, ' are employed on canals and roads, and at other labouring work. 20. The very valuable woollen manufacture, which, by proper encouragement, might be ren dered the second in the nation in point of impor tance, and which would furnish an inestimable market Jor wool, and thus enable the farmers to convert their unprofitable grain lands to pasturage is greatly prostrated. 21. The depression of manufactures has driven thousands of manufacturers to farming—the de pression of farming has driven great numbers of our farmers to plant tobacco—and the consequent depression of planting has converted numbers of tobacco planters into cotton planters. Thus, for want of a due distribution of labor and industry, the different classes of society are crowding up on and depressing and ruining each other. 22. We exported 1.120,184 bushels of wheat —1,363,103 bushels of corn—26 948 115 shin gles—l9.4sl hhds. of tobacco—4B 910 barrels of tar and pitch—6o9,l29 lbs. of indigo—and 17.- 725.301 feet of staves and heading more in 1790 than in 1823, although our population in the former year wa. only 3,929,306, and last year was about 10,500,000. Rate of Interest is England.—ln the reign of Henry VIII., the rate was fixed by act of Parliament at 10 per cent. In 1553, an act was passed prohibiting the taking of any inte rest whatever, hut it was soon afterwards repealed. In 1626, the rate was reduced to 8 per cent. In 1751, to 6 percent., and in 1714. to 5 per cent. Since that time the Bank of England has been allowed to charge 5 per cent., until within a few years it has been allowed, under certain circum stances, to charge 6 per cent. It will thus be seen that the Bank of England is now charging a higher rate than at any time for the last 125 years. —Baltimore Transcript . Longevity.—A Jamaica paper, in announc ing the death of Letilia Cox, on By brook’s plan tation, states that this woman was considered for many years, the oldest person on the island. She was, according to the journal, a young woman at the period of the great earthquake of 1692, by which Port Royal was destroyed. Now sup posing that she was then only fourteen years of age, she must have been aged upwards of 160 years at the time of her death. ’This statement appears almost incredible. We betieve there are no well authenticated cases of greater longevity than from 120 to 130 years. The same paper adds that about eighteen months ago, a negro woman in the same neigh borhood, died at the age of one hundred and for ty years. Consignees per South Carolina Kail KoatL Hamburg, August 21, 1839. B. W. Force & To.; J & .1. Mcßryde, Haviland. Rislcy & Co.; Stovall, Simmons & Co.; Kerrs & Hope; Baird & Rowland; Cress Turpin; E. & : J. A. Snyder; Marshall & Co.; P. Fleming & Co.; j Hand & Scranton ; Doct. Turpin ; Rees & Beall j VV. E. & J. U. Jackson; Gardelle & Rhind; E. D.’ j Cooke; Jeffers & Boulware ; George Parrott; E i Ada ' ns; J - W - Stokes iJ- F. Benson. MARIA F INTELLUTENciT „ Savannah, August 20. i Arrived yesterday —Brig Edwin, Fitzgerald, Bal timore. Charleston, August 21 , Arrired yesterday —Fr brig Carroll Leon, Amcne Point Petre, (Guad.;) brig Chili, Bonney. Havana’ via Matanzas; brig \ irginia, King, 1 hi'adclpbia. ’ c leared Brig Arabian, We.eh, Rio de Janerio. JENEVOLENT SOCIETY. —Th* Officers of this Society for the ensuing year are as follows A. J. .Miller, Esq. President; Dr L. 0, Ford vice President; Rev. John Wright, Collectors: , I , ieasu ' cl ’ h £ ''- "m, Kennedy, Associate do; M. M. Brown, Secretary. 'i*%* i % V? COMMERCIAL. Latest dates from Liverpool, July 15 Latest dalesfrom Havre, July 9 AUGUSTA MARKET. Cott n. —There is but little doing; in the old, and none of the new that has been brought to market has as yet been sold Holders are determined to await the accounts from Liverpool, now expected by the steamer. Exchange. —Checks at sight not to be had at any premium; 3 days sight, 5 per cent, for country Bank notes, and 2$ per cent, for city bills. Haw kinsville and Ocmulgee Bank notes are bought by the Brokers at 5 per cent, discount; Monroe Rail Road bills 5 a 10 per cent, discount, and Darien Bank bills 25 a 30 percent, discount. Freights, arc now customary from Savannah for heavy goods, and the river is as low as it has been at any time this season. Freights on cotton to Sa vannah are now nominal, as there is none now shipping; the last shipments were made at 78 cen’,3 per bale. Mobile, August 17. Colton. —We have had a little more activity in our cotton market than we reported in our last, as the influence of the foreign advices brought prices wJPITin the limits of some orders, and about *B#P bales were taken at rates ranging from 9A to 13*W ■rents. * Coffee. —Prices firm, stocks large; Havana 12 a 12$; Rio 11 a 11$. Flour is held firm at last week's quotations $S $8 50. ’ Money. —Monetary affairs with us continue with the same unmixed severity, as we have had occa sion to remark heretofore, and we have no hopes of relief until the opening of the approaching busi ness season. Baltimore, August 16. Howard Street Flour. —The operations in flour of this description continue light, and the article has declined a shade, in the early part of the week the store price for both new and old was $6 to $6,- 12$, out since then, sa cs have been made at $5,- 87$, and in one or two instances a shade less than the latter price has been taken. We quote the store rate this morning at $5,875, and the receipt price at al.-0ut55,75. City Mills Flour —Sales of small parrels of new for export, at the beginning of the week, at $6, and holders now ask that price. A cargo of the “Tweed brand,” the quality of which is equal to the host Richmond, was contracted for this week at $6,00 . Sir quehanna Flour —ls held at $5,875. \Corn —Sales of white Corn for shipment on Mon daydast at 73 cents, and since then at 75 cents, in- < eluding parcels this morning. Sales of yellow ear* ly in the week at 81 a 82 cents, and yesterday at 83 rents. Provisions —Sales of prime Western Bacon, as sorted,are making in limited lots at IOJ ta 11 cts. and ol inferior at prices varying according to con dition. We quote prime Western llamsAt 12 to 12$ cents, Shoulders at 9$ to 10 cents; and Mid dlings at 10# cts. doles arc plenty, and are he'd at 6 cents. Os Baltimore cured Bacon there is hut lit tle in market. Hams arc held at 14 to cents. I Small sales of Mess Beef at $16,50; and of Prime at 512,25. Lard is dull. Prime No. lis tirm at 13 cents. Nearly all the old stock of Butter in market both Glades and Western, has been sold within a day or two at 10 to 12$ cents. Liverpool, August 13. We have had a good inquiry for otton to-dav. The sales amount to 4000 hales nearly all Amci'i- f ran. 500 of which are on speculation. I loMcrs have f nrfPmet the demand very freely, and the full prices 'of J esterday have been obtained. A REAL BLESSING TO MOTHERS. DU IV. EC AMS' CELEBRA TED SOOTH IS G SYRUP, for Children Cutting their Teeth. - This / in'tjijl Mile remedy has preserved hundreds of chi - dion, when thought past recovery, from convul sions As soon as the Syrup is rubbed on the gums, the child will recover. The preparation is so innocent, so elticacious and so pleasant, that no child will refuse to let its gums be rubbed with it. \V lieu infants are at the age of four months, though there is no appearance of teeth, one bolt e of the Syrup should be used on the gums, to open the pores. Parents should never be without the Syrup in the nursery where there are young children; fur if a chil i wakes in the night with pain in toe gums, the Syrup immediate y gives ease, by opening the pores rnd healing the gums; thereby preventing convulsions, fevers, Sec. Sold only at Dr. Wm. Evans’ Medical Office, 100 Chatham street, New York, where the Doctor may be consulted on all diseases of children. PROOF POSITIVE OF THE EFFICACY OF Dr. EVANS’ SOO'TttISG SYRUP.—To the Agent of Dr. Evans’ S-olhing Syrup: Dear Sir The great benelit adbrded to my sußering infant by your Soothing Syrup, in a case of protracted and painfu. dentition, must convince every feeling pa rent bow essential an early application of stu b an invaluable medicine is to relieve infant misery and torture. My infant, when teething, experienced acute sufferings, that it was attacked watq .convulsions, and my wife affllfamily supposed thitw death would soon release from till we procured a bottle of your Syrup ; wld h as’ soon as applied to the gums, a wonderful change was produced, and after a few applications the chi.d displayed obvious relief, and by continuing in its use, I am glad to inform you the child has com pletely recovered. and nu recurrence of that awful complaint has since occurred; the teeth are ema nating daily and the child enjoys perfect health, 1 give you my cheerful permission to make thral acknowledgment public, andwill gladly give any information on ibis circumsti nee. WM. JOHNSON. J \pNIC PILLS. —The power of Evans' Camomile. Pills arc such, that the palpitating heart, the trem ulous hand, the dizzy eye, and the fluttering mind, vanish befoie their effects like noxious vapors be fore the benign influence of the morning sun.— They have long been successfully used foAhe cure of intesmittents, together with fevers of the irregu lar nervous kind, accompanied with visceral ob structions. This tonic medicine is for nervous complaints, general debility, indigestion and its consequences, as want of cppelitc, distension of the stomach, arid ity. unpleasant taste in the mouth, rumbling noise in the bowels, nervous symptoms, languor,” when the mind becomes irritable,desponding, thoughtful melancholy, and dejected. Hypochondriacisra, con sumption, dimness of sight, delirium, and all other nervous affections, these pills will produce a safe and permanent cure. Evans ’ Camomile Pills were first introduced into America m 1836. LVANS’ FAMILY APERIENT PILLS are purely vegetable, composed with the strictest pre cision of science and of art; they never produce nausea, and are warranted to cure the following diseases which arise from impurities of the blood, viz:—Apoplexy, Bilious Affections, Coughs, Colds, Ulcerated Sore Throats, Scarlet Fever, Asthma, Cho tcra Liver Complaints, Diseases of the Kidnies and Bladder, Affections peculiar to Females, a d all those diseases of wl atsoeverkind to which human nature is subject, where the stomach is affected. More conclusive proofs of the extraordinary effi cacy o) Dr. Wm. Evans’ celebrated Como mile and Aperient Anf.i-Bil uus Pills, in alleviating afflicted mankind. Mr. Robert Cameron, 101 Bowery.- — / Disease—Chronic Dysentery, or Bloody Flux— r - ymptoms, unusual flatulency in the bowels, se vere griping, frequent inclination to go to tu nusmus, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fre quency of pulse, and a frequent discharge of a pe culiar fetid matter mixed with blood great debility, sense of burning heat, with an intoleiable bearing down ol the parts. Mr. Cameron is enjoying por ted health, and returns his sincere thanks for the extiao.dinary benefits lie has received Sold by ANTONY lx HAIN KS, Bole agents in Augusta, J. M. fk T. M, Tl KN ER, Savannah, P. M. COHEN & Co.. Charleston. SHARP iV ELLS, Milledgeville, C. A. ELLS, Macon, A.W. MARTIN,Forsyth, Wm. B. WELLS, Druggist, Athens, . , MARK A. LANE, Washington. July 23