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WILLIAM E. JOSES. AUGUSTA, (HO., MO A VE A S G, AIL’GIJST 3, 8 837. [.Seuii«wcckly.]«l'oL 1.-Ao 61
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DAILY, SEMI-WEEKLY A N D WEEKLY,
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. CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL^
‘ A IJGIJSTA.
AVetlne.day Evening; August 2,1
govkuKoiT
GEOKGE R. GILMER.
Wo receive! 5i osl ipsfr oin Baltimore by the
Express Mail this morning, this being the day
upon which we receive the Sunday news by the
Northern Express. To-morrow will most pro.
hably bring us the result of the Maryland election. |
MAD. VINCENT’S BENEFIT
Takes place at the Theatre, this evening. The,
entertainments, as will be seen by the card which ‘
we publish in another column, are varied anil in- i
terresting. Those who have beheld this lady uport
“the light fantastic toe,” will readily admit her
claim to a good house.
[you THE CIIHONICLE AND SENTINEL.]
Scrivcn County, July Bth, 1837.
To' John R. Cottino. Esq.,
State Geologist of Georgia.
Dear Sir 1 Permit mo to hand you the follow
ing. Report and resolutions, which I had the hon
or to lay before the General Assembly of the
state during the session of The report and
resolutions, with the exception of that one pro
viding for the survey of the swamp, were adopted
by a large majority of the House of reprosenta
i*. lives, and an equally respectable majority of the
senate, after some opposition and considerable
debate.
Os course the measures therein recommended,
became by that adoption, the settled and avowed
policy of the state.
A course more liberal or bettor calculated to
advance the interests ot all classes of out citi
zens, without risk to the state, could not have
been divided or pursued, and was the more grat
ifying to the veal friends of internal improve
ment as it presented not only an exception, hut
a strong contrast, to the lavish and impolitic grant
of banking privileges to irresponsible corporations
which characterized the session, and the result
of which is likely to bo destructive' to the curren
cy, and ruinous to the People.
It is probable that the owners of the river swamp
will accept the overtures of tile slate and apply at
the next session of the general assembly for the
aid thus proffered by government in the erection
of a dam or bank to save from inundation thou
sands of invaluable acres ot land, now compara
tively worthless by reason by the almost constant
occurrence of frshets. With this view and
aware the high sense entertained by the state
of your science in geology, and all collateral de
partments of knowledge. I take this opportunity
•to ask, in behalf of the landholders —a candid ex
pression of your opinion as to the utility and prac
ticability ol saving our river swamp lands by em
bankments.
Your science, and your recent and thorough
personal survey of every part of the Savannah
Iliver Swamp will enable you to form and ex
press a just and enlightened opinion upon the
subject proposed, and will entitle that opinion to
all the respect and consideration with which I
have no doubt, it will ho generally received.
You will confer a favour upon those who ask
■ for your opinion to permit them to make the same
public through the Gazelles.
I have the honor to be
very respectfully,
your oo’t servant,
EDWARD J. BLACK.
REPORT OF MR. BLACK OF SCRIVEN.
The joint Committee from the Senate and
House of Representatives appointed to take
into consideration the utility and practicability
of saving flic Svvntnp lands oh iho Savannah
river, by means ofttinbankments or otherwise,
have had the subject under constant consid
eration, and hog leave respectfully to Report.
That, to improve the condition physical
aa well as moral, of the country in which
we live, and to which we are bound by oil the
tiea which consecrate our homes, is a work
to the successful completion ot which Ihe
wige and the good' will anxiously contribute.
National success is certainly the result ot ni
difidual,prosperity, and that system of inter
ha) improvement which will most probably
bventuata in the achievement of Ihe one, will
as fflHePWjtomliice to the consummation of
hi! Othdr. T hat Georgia possesses vast and
>9 yet Unexplored natural resources, is evident
othe rtiosl superficial observer:---the I'acili
iee and advantages of her locution, the vine
y and fertility ol tier soil, the salubrity of her
donate, the extent of her territory, and the
'enios andjxharacier of her people, point to
er ag a State, destined before the lapse of
nother century* to occupy a proud and envia
le position among her emulous confederates.
>t the numerous objects of improvement with
i our limits, the swamp lands which lie along
le western bank of the Savannah river, pro
:nt claiitls Upon the consideration of the'po
tical economist, which may well arrest Ins
tention; and your committee, by the direc
an of the legislature, have earnestly directed
eir enquiries to the utility and practicabili
of saving them from the inundations of the
,er./That part of the swamp which your
mlnittee deem worthy of attention is to be
md between Augusta and the head of ticle
y on the? Savannah river; its average width
Cibout one mile, ami the probable length
m one hundred and thirty to one hundred
I fiftv i.nilos. \ These lands", at present coin
ative by worthless to the planter,& of little
jl to tl.e believed to be inferior
ertility to no Jljart of the habitable globe.—
e soil, which is 1 alluvial, is a rich mould,
ned originally ot'decompnsed vegitablc do
its, bpheved to be altogether mexhausta
and extending dow n to the depth of from
.5 feet.
'o reclaim such lands and reduce them in
luceessful cultivation, yuc'r committee bo
e would in all probability, result in vast
inestimable benefits, not only to that re
iof country, -but to the whole State of
irgia. The people of Augusta and Savan
hwould be among the first to experience
advantages of such an operation; and the
r of these cities, who arc dependant for
lorf upon their daily supplies, would be
iled IbiJfMclirc their provisions at one
price. Corn, which is the
i and ihal&iai item in the supplies of a
ily instead oil commanding, ns it does now
i SO cent* to one dollar, would be a drug
sofS7AWccntß5 ofS7AWccntB per bushel, and rice
l ' ie breed stuffs which
now grown isl this country, would he re-
du ;ed in price in proportion to the increase
of the supply. Your committee do not ex
agerale these probable results, for they are
assured by men who are experienced in ag
ricultural pursuits, that these swamp lands
are capable, with proper cultivation, of produ
cing from fifty to one hundred bushels of corn
per acrc,& othergrain in the same proportion
For even now, under every disadvantage,
and when, from fear of freshets, the farmer
cannot venture to pitcli his crop before the
Ist of May, and sometimes not before the Ist
of July from 30 to GO bushels to the acre are
considered a moderate return. If then they
were saved from innundation, it is evident, and
every farmer knows and will acknowledge,
that the advantages of early preparation and
early planting, would in all probability with
moderate and usual seasons, ensure the sup
posed increase of production.
In addition to those articles of prime and
necessary consumption, the great staple com
modities ot sugarcane and cotton would be
diligently cultivated, and tor the sumo reasons
as above, would yield an additional increase.
Cane will now ripen up ,o ten and fitlecn
joints,and short staple cotton return from 1000
to 1500 weight, in the seed, to the acre on
these lands; and if the fresh Water was Mot
permitted to retard the cultivation, and molest
the growth of those plants, the husbandman
would assuredly gather a much more abund
ant crop. Horses, hogs, cattle, and stock of
all sorts would then be raised at home from
our overflowing barns, and a considerable por
tion of the large amount of money which the
drovers of the West n«w annually draw out
of the State, would be saved to our people,and
retained in the country. Our exports of raw
material would be greatly increased—the far
mer and the merchant would receive from that
increase additional wealth—the price of real
and personal estate in Augusta,Savannah,and
the intermediate country, # would bo enhanced,
and all the beneficial consequences of plenty
and prosperity, in their thousand various ram
ifications, would be felt and acknowledged by
the rich and the poor.
If the waters were at all times confined to
their natural channel,those who are at all con
versant with that stream, ivill at once perceive
that the navigation of the Savannah river
would bo ina short time most materially im
proved. The sand and mud bars which are
at present the chief obstruction to the passage
ol steam and pole boats, would in a little while
to washed away by the direct, confined, and
therefore violent rush of the waters, and the
bed or channel of the river would be conse
quently deepened—good wagon roads would
be made though any part ot the swamp, over
which the best steamboat wood could be sup
plied) at one half its present price, at almost
ahy point on the river; and of course freights,
which are now enormously high, would be
lowered in proportion to the increased facili
ties oflrunsportalion. The miasmatic and
sickly region of the swamp, would ho made
dry and salubrious, and the health of the
neighboring inhabitants consequently improve
ed. Thus all classes of people—the boat-own
er—the merchant —t lie farmer —the citizen,
and every man from the up country who
trades either to Augusta} or Savannah, would
reap almost incalculable advantages from the
successlul completion of such a work. Your
committee, hope and believe they have estab
lished, even from this imperfect view .of the
subject referred to them, the great and abso
lute utility of saving these river swamp lands,
and it only remains fur them to enquire into
the probable practicability of Such a project.
It the final and complain success of the
past affords any criterion by which to judge of
the probable termination of future experiments
ofa similar character,and if well known facts
are permitted to influence the opinion of your
committee—then there can ho very Jilllo
doubt ot the entire practicability of restraining
the waters of tlie Savannah river to their nat
ural channel, by embankments. The dikes
of Holland—the artificial hanks of the river
Po in Italy, and the levees width effectually
confine the Mississippi, one of the most pow
eii'ul rivers in the world, for two hundred miles
above New Orleans, to her original bed, are
indisputable evidence that the Savannah riv
er may be dammed in, and the adjacent
swamp rendered perfectly arable. In addi
tion to these facts, your committee have avail
ed themselves of the views and opinions of
many intelligent farmers and practical men,
all of whom agree with your committee; and
fully concur in the opinions they herewith ex
press.
The only objection to such a project is the
difficult;’ of obtaining the means of operation.
But it is believed that the removal of tiiis diffi
culty is wholly within the power of those who
may interest themselves in the work. Noef
fon in such an undertaking could possibly
avail any thing, unless the individuals direct
ly engaged should promptly adopt u judicious
system of operation and be governed in all
their movements by unanimity, and concert ot
action. In such a case the State of Georgia,
being always well disposed to foster and pto
tect works of Internal Improvement, when
predicted of individual entcrp/ize, would not
in the opinion of your committee, be averse
from lending her name in order to negu
ciate a loan ot money, to forward and
promote the undetaking'. The Slate, of
course, in justice ,to her own interests,
would require to be well secured by pledg
es of personal responsibility, and valua
ble and available property before she would
consent to become liable for a single cent.
But if the Stale was secured beyond the pos
sibility of loss, your committee cannot per
ceive why she should not he ready to aid her
people in the manner proposed, in a work of
sucii probable success and beneficial conse
quences—especially when the loss, if any ac
crues, must and will fall, not upon the State
but, upon those whose persons; and properly
will be liable to the redemptioil of the debt.
In consideration.of all which, your commit
tee respectfully recommend the adoption of
the following resolutions.
Resolved, That it would by a work of great
utility, and that it is practicable, to save the
swamp lands on the Savannah river from in
undation, by means of embankments.
Resolved, That his Excellency the Gover
nor be requested to employ a competent En
gineer, whose duty shall be to proceed immedi
ately to make an accurate & correct survey of
said river bank, and such adjacent parts of
the swamp as he may deem necessary, with a
view to the construction of said embankment
I hat he report fully of the premises to Ihe next
Legislature and that the cost and expense
tbeieof be paid by the Governor out of any
monies in the treasury, not otherwise appro
priated.
Milleiioeville, July 25, 1837.
To Edward J, Black, Esq,
Dear Sir: Improving and fostering the science
of Agriculture form one of the most important
items in the political economy of all civilized na
tions, i’he people of the highest integrity were
chiefly inhabitants of valleys and alluvial plans
the soil, moisture, and warmth of which, “by en
larging the component parts and ameliorating the
fruits of the vegetable kingdom, afforded to man
better nourishment at less labor than could he ob
tained in hilly districts.” The country of Ba
bylon and other places on the Euphrates were
flat, and the soil of a saponaceous clay occasion •
ally overflowed by the river. The inhabited parts
? of Egypt were of the some description. Accord
■ iug to the most authentic history, embankments
were first used by the Babylonians and Egypt
ians, and as nations became civilized, improve
ments in agriculture kept pace with civilization,
and means were contrived to secure the best and
most fertile lands from inundations, both of seas
and rivers. One of the most singular embank
ments in the world is that of the Po in flatly, by
the Romans, many miles in length, which has
continued to be the most ertile part of the pro
vince.
The oldest embankment in England is that rs
Romney Marsh, which together with the hanks
on each side of the river Thames, is said to have
been constructed by the Romans. These protect
several thousand acres of the richest garden ground
in the vicinity (ff the metropolis from occasional
inundations. The commencement of modern
embankments in England took place about'the
noddle of the sfavenleclh century under Crom
well. A few years previous to 1651, 425,000.
acres of fens, morasses, or overflowed muddy
lands were reclaimed in Lincolnshire, Cambridg
shire, Hampshire and Kent, and leased at from
2s 6d to 30s per acre.
Vcrmneyden, a Fleming by birth,and a colonel
of horse guards under Cromwell, was the princi
pal undertaker bf these works. Embankments or
dy kes are now common in all the Hell, alluvial
districts ot Europe, and many parts of this count
try are following the example as the only sure
mode of secureing a sale and profitable revenue to
the Agriculturist. The utility of an embankment
to confine the waters of the Savannah to their ori
ginal channel and to reclaim several thousand
acres of fertile land, cannot for a moment be ques
tioned by any one who has taken hut a superfi
cial view of the swamps bordering the river.
In compliance with my instructions from the
executive department of the Slate, I have just
completed a geological survey of the counties on
the Savannah river from Columbia to Chatham. In
the course of my investigations of these counties,
I have very particularly examined the swamp
land bordering the river. I was directed especi
ally to this part in consequence of reading the
above able report to the General Assembly of
1835, and I am now prepared to second the views
of the framer of that document.
By analysis, of several specimens of soils ob
tained from different places and at various depths,
the swamp is Round to contain the ingredients
' in such proportions as to render it as permanent
and as fertile as the richest lands of Alabama
and Mississippi. It is so cdrlstilutcd by nature
! that it can never be exhaitsted by cultivation,
1 but will increase in fertility by proper manage
ment. Much of the soil approximates it species
of marl, containing carbonate of lime in largo
proportions, an esccntial.irigrcdicnt in every good
soil. It is a deposite from a primitive region of
detomposed primordial rocks, which are known
to afford a strong soil, this is intimately mixed
, with animal and vegetable decomposing substan
. ces.
, My conclusions respecting the fertility of the
1 soils arc net drawn from a superficial survby of
the surface merely, not from the growth of indi
: gchous vegetables, but from correct chemicals
i crialysis, conducted with the greatest care, under
i very favorable circumstance and with genuine
' tests and reagents, from which it appears,that un
: dor proper agricultural skill, no soil can surpass
' it in fertility ami permanency.
. , For the information of those interested I will
■give the result of the following analysis.
Soil from the swamp near Augusla, taken 8
inches from the surface.
Quantity 108 grata* Troy,
Water a Absorption, 11
Silicious sand and gravel, 17
Salubra vegetable andaibmal matter, 3
Insoluble vegetable and animal matter, 2
Oxide of Iron, 3
1 Sulphate of Lime, 1
Carbonate of lam®, 1
Silex, 31
i Aluinine, 32
Loss in Analysis, 1
Grains, 108
From New Savannah, Richmond county, ta
ken three inches from the surface.
Quantity, 108 Grains Troy.
Water of absorption, .8
Fine siliceous sand, 29
Soluble vegetable and animal matter, 27
Insoluble vegetable and animal matter, 7
Carbonate of Lime, 2
Oxide of Iron, 2
Mica,
Silex, 18
Alumine, , 10.
Loss in analysis; 1
108
From the swamp on the river near Brian
Creek, Scrivcn county, taken six inches from the
surface.
Quantity, 100 grains Troy.
Water of absorption, grs. 6* 1
Coarse sand and gravel, 1
, Soluble vegetable and animal matter, 11
Insoluble vegetable and animal matter, 3
Oxide of Iron, 8
Carbonate of Lime, 30
Silex, 29
Alumine, 11
> Loss in analysis, I
100
' From the swamp five miles north of the mouth
of Briar Creek, taken four feet from the surface.
f Quantity HY) grams Troy.
" Water of absorption, 10
i Soluble vegetable and animal matter, 11
• Insoluble vegetable and animal matter, 4
Oxide of iron, 0
Carbonale of Lime, 31
. Silex, 30
Alumine, 8
100
• I have also endeavored to ascertain the average
t number of acres included in the swamps in dif
ferent counties, by taking the measure of the
. length and breadth in various places. 'l’he re
sult, in round numbers, is nearly as follows;
Counties, No, acres.
. Richmond, 10,600
Burke, 16,000
Scrivcn, 21,000
. Effingham, 14,000
61,000
There are -ixty one thousand acres of fertile
■ land, most of which is now enifrely useless, and
i in some places, worse than useless, as it is a fruit
ful source of malaria to which some of our res
pcctable citizens arc deemed every year u
, fall victims, which might he Jsy a spiri
ofcnlerprize Ip exuberant-fields and healthy rest
deuces. On this soil, any article cultivated ir
the Middle and Southern Slates will flourish ir
the greatest luxuriance such as corn,cotton sugar
cane, rice, wheat, rye, barley oats, beans, peas &o
When once it is secured from inundations by
a permanent embankment, the farmer need ap
. prebend no disappointment of an abundant crop
in whatever he may choose to cultivate. Nature
lus so blended the differentlngrcdients of the soil,
imparting to it a sufficient absorbent principle,
that vegetation will not bo impeded by the long
est droughts of oui- summers ; and in general, it
is sufficiently porous to admit a speedy drainage
of superfluous water from rains. > I have proba
bly staled sufficient on this part of the subject of
your letter, at present, I am confident of the great
utility that will accrue to llie counties on the ri
ver and to the community at large by the extern
lion of such an cnlerprizc.
As to the practicability of Ihc project, I believe
there is but one opinion on ihd subject am mg in
telligent citizens of the different counties border
ing the river that a permanent embankment van
be constructed at comparatively tiffing ex
pence. The swamps afford an abundance of cy
press timber Sox piling and other purposes ; and
the bluffs and many other places on Ibe river af
ford an earth, the ingredients of which ate so
comminuted that when dry and exposed to the
air and sun become hard like stone aijd arc not
liable tp disintegrate, or to be washed away' by
transient floods.
By confining the waters will have a tendency
to deepen the channel of the river, by Increasing
their momentum so that in n short lime the fresh
ets will not rise so high as they do at present, and
many of the sand bars and other obslructions will
be removed and boat navigation much facilita
ted. The direction of the embankment should
be free from sharp angles, so as to occasion the
least possible resistance.
You do not, I presume, expect me, at this time,
to treat freely of the principles of embanking as it
would occupy too much time and speak. 1 shall
therefore, only state sufficient to show the practi
cability of the cnlerprizc and the facility with
which materials for the purpose can be obtained,
1 consider the greatest evil and difficulty to be ap
prehended in the construction of the embankment
will he the quicksand on which the waters of the
river and most of the alluvial depute rest. It
will, therefore, require muchlabo and expense to
secure the foundation of the embankment to pre -
vent the waters from washing out the sand and
thus undermining the whole superstructure. I t
is principally owing lathis (/act, and not to the
friction of water against the sides, that the banks
are every ybar falling down and the river forms
new channels, In many parts the sand is from
20 to thirly feet in thickness ; in such places
piles, timber, and perhaps masonry will bo neces
sary.
Particular attention must bo given to the part
of this subject, before embarking in the enterprizo,
otherwise the whole will proven disappointment.
AboveHeirman’s lake there will, I apprehend he
but liltlcMifficully arriving from quicksand! below
this, Ihc difficulties increase, the substratum of
sand, becomes deeper, and the momentum, of wa
ter increases. It is possible, however, to over
come all theie difficulties with proper mechanical
skill, though not without incuiring'grcat expense.
This is an obstacle which the projectors seemed
to have overlooked in their estimation; 'perhaps
not aware of tlio nature of the substratum. As
you have requested my opinion of flic practica
bility of the project, I have thought it my duly lo
state this difficulty, with a confidence however,
that it can and will be overcome.
The small creeks and branches may all be
turned into the back swamp, which is not so good
a soil, and made to disembogue inlo life larger
creeks, cither by forming for themselves a natural
course, or else an artificial canal may rqn along
the margin of the swamp, and thus afford a reser
voir or drain for the superfluous waters of the
swamp and high lands.
Where the foundation is sound and firm, and
the bank can bo made at a proper season, when
the river is low, the materials may be obtained
trom the soil contiguous lo the embankment, and
may either ho constructed with or without bind
ers, according to the force of the current.
In conclusion I see but one objection to the
above, and that, I believe, with proper mechanical
science may be obviated. It is an cnterprize
which demands the attention of political econo
mist® throughout the State; and I sincerely hope
that you will realize your most sanguine cxpec.
tations, as the original projector. If ho who can
make two blat’cs of grass grow where one grew
before, deserves mote honor than he who con
quers armies, surely you, sir, who, in the execu
tion of this cnlerprizc, will cause four stalks of
' corn to glow where none could grow before; arc
entitled lo quadruple honors.
I have the honor to be,
Your obedient servant,
JOHN R, (JOTTING,
State Geologist.
EnwAiin J. Black, Scrivcn County.
From the N. O. Dee July 29.
TEXAS.
Wc are indebted to a friend on board the Bos
ton for the Houston Telegraph of the Ist inst,
from which Wo make the following extracts. —
Fensacola Gazette of the 22d of July.
The following extract of a letter from Colum
bia, furnishes particulars of one of the most au
dacious assassinations we have ever known.
Yesterday, at dinner time, Capt. Joseph Pow
ell was killed by Dr. Humphries in a manner
which called forth tho unequalled abhorrence of
all our community.
Powell was on his way lo dinner with a few
friends, when Humph rid, who had been waiting
fur him to pass, suddenly sprung forward and
with a pistol shot him through the heart. PoWell
fell dead instantly; and Humphries was instantly
seized and lied, afterwards was examined and
fully committed. The first feeling was to hang
him immediately: the belter feeling was para
mount and ho was delivered over to the strong
arm of the law. The excitement was tremen
dous, on the account of the good qualities of
Pqwell who was much liked, and Ihc base, cold
blooded, assassin like manner in which he was
deprived of life. Powell was interred in this eve
ning with military honors, and a large number
of the most respectable inhabitants cf the country
attended.
Scbr Bonita, vltich arrived yesterday, reports
that bn the 18th June, while lying off Brasses de
1 | Santiago Bar, she Was boarded by a whale boat,
• ' having 4 men in,-who reported fherni'chc,; tube
d, Win. Thompson. 2d officer: John Brown, Coop
it- eFs Mato; Joseph Wilson and Gouge Box, sea
lg. mon, belonging to the Br. Inig William, of little
—that vessel was on a whaling voyage and they
had harpooned n whale, which lowed them out
11 of sight of llio twig;—benig unaided to disenvot
a- tho vessel the following night and day, they bore
in up for land, and made the sanio near tho Bar of
i n Matnmoras. They wore taken on board and pro
perly treated, but m a few days news arrived at
Matamoras from Vera Cruz, that a British barque
c - (Little Catharine of London.) had arrived at that
y port, the Ist officer ot width had been murdered,
j. and the commander so badly bruised that he died
_ ir, a few'davs after; —these men were immediate
Iv arrested and confined on shore, from which
e they devised means to make their escape aril in
I, company with the notorious Thompson pro
3, I needed to Texas;—,V. O. Courier, July 29.
;- Mexico. —The Pensacola Gazette of the 221
inst, says, wo gather, from a perusal of the files
of the 'EI Censor do Vera Cruz’ (extending from
1 the 20th to tho 30th of Juno) that a deep feol
• ing of dissatisfaction', if not hostility exists there
,f towards our government. General Filosoln,
t under'whose command and orders Gen. Cdctro
has acted, is censured with con siderable severity
for the friendly disposition - manifested towards
• the Squadron. Tho ground is taken, that an
atonement should ho made by our government
, for tho injuries which Mexico has suffered at
our hands, and no atonement has been oft'orej.-r 1
Our Consul Mr Itorrough, is spoken of in u-rma
■ of great asperity, as an enemy of tho worst kind;
i —The pacific course which Mexico had pursued
. is ascribed to the settled policy of Bustamento,
who looks at present to ono great object, and
I is willing to sacrifice everything, else to its ac
complishment. This objoct is the recovery of
i Texas. It is understood that the whole dispos
, i able means and power of the government lire to
be concentrated as soon as possible, in order lo
| make a descent upon Texas. In prosecuting this
1 object Bustamante knows very well that Iho Re
public must have no embarrassing relations with
other powers, and especially, that it will not an
swer for her to be at war with the United Slates.
Among tho subjects of complaint urged by
'EI Censor’, is the fact that Com. Dallas on corn
ing on shore at Vera Cruz; did not wait on tho
Commandant, but through the U. S. Consul,
invited Gen Castro to visit him, at tho residence
of the Consul. — 111.
From the N. V. Hern hi. July 29.
MONEY MARKET.
Friday, July 28.
The, money market continues in the sun'.o inac
tive slate as ever. Capitalists are holding up be
’ ing desirous of investing their funds in some
great speculations which tlio fluctuations of
the limes may throw up, instead of laying
nut in good solid securities at 7 per cent. —
Specie continues to be very active—almost as
much is now coining into the country as there is
going out. At this port and New Orleans, proj
hably $1, 000,000 have arrived during tho last
month. It comes princpiully from the West In
dies and South Ameica, in payments oftho debt
they owe us, which is, at least, neatly equal lo
what now remians dueto England. During tho
next year there is no reason to believe that the
amount of tho specie now in tho United Stales
will bo diminished ono dollar on account of the
foreign debt. The receipts from foreign counties
in payment of debts—also tho freights—and by
way of emigration, are quite sufficient to meet
the exports necessary for France and England.'!
There is no reason, therefore, on this score, that
tho banks should continue to infuse payments in
spece any longer.
The situation of the London houses connected
with the American trade is yet a curious, object
ol inquiry. The position of the Wiggins, the
Wildes, and the Wilsons, arc known. Bad
enough they are after allowing c.vory thing in
their favor. 'l’he long apprchensidtl; and want
of cdnfidenco entertained tiugpuds-.thoni, have
long since produced all the effects that could be
reasonably expected. Tho Browns, with the as
sistance of the Rank of England have weathered
the storm. This fact will preserve in fact a largo
airiilnt of foreign business connected with Now
York, Baltimore and Philadelphia. The Messrs.
Browns originally sprung from .Baltimore thirty
years ago. They have always conducted a
real not speculative husihess, The very fact of
a house of shell largo means requiring aid speaks
the intensity of the revulsion that has passed over
the commercial world.
The Barings have also weathered tho storm.
From tile old head of the house, now Lord Ash
burn,they received aid to the amount ol £660,000
sterling. It is believed this will enable them lo
meet all and every engagement. At this moment
their agents hero are buying specie, and remit
ting it to their order. Probably one half of the
specie continually going to Europe from this port
is for tbo Browns ami Barings.
The house of Morrison & Crydor will not feel
the effect of tho connection with tlio American
trade, till tho reaction of tbo American Gbina
trade reach Europe. In this liainclt of business
Boston and •Salem will yet receive a blow that
will make many of their merchants slugger like
drunken men, although they arc members of tbo
Temperance Society. The engagements of tho
tea trade will not come into action before tbo
months of October and November. We shall
then reach the bottom of this business. It is not
to be supposed that all is easy in the Bast India
trade, when the whole commercial world beside is
in a stale of convulsion and disorder.
We speak on these points from the rai d. —
Thus it will be seen that every American house
in Europe, Has been or will be assisted to gel
through tho terrible revulsion of 1837, by seeking
aid, but in hand, from other and difloront quartets
, than their own resources. The Barings have
■ been assisted by their relative—the Browns by
the Bank of England—tho Lizard's by Hope &
Co—of Morrison & Ciyder we have yet to hear
from —and the rest have gone lo the devil.
From theN. > , ConimereJUAdv,,luly 29.
Wall-sthket. —Our o'clock.--I' he sales at
tho board this morning wet* generally made at a
reduction upon the closing prices of yesterday.
Specie. —The sales nt the board this morning
were 8000 Mexican dollars at 1.0 per cent premi
um; 6500 half dollars at 8 j ; do 500 fi,ve franc pie
ces at $1,03; 00 tjpajiish doubloons $17,30; 300
Patriot do $10,75. We notice American gold at
8i a—premium; Spanish dollars II a 13 do;
Sovereigns $5,33 a $5,35.
Treasury draffs sold this morning at 3 } pre
mium.
aar J wj wiar-» r.ma i ■
- auTusta n;n E5 Ui kui.vi
Rmsi.d und corrected w mi-weekly t for Hit Chronicle
. 4" Sentinel.
Bat' if mg, Hemp 20 a2d I Raisins, (dull) 150 a 200
Tow 12 a 20 j Rice, 3i a 4i
Rale Hope, 10 a 11 Whitley 45 a 00
Bar n, now j Kuni 48 a6O
1 funis II « 12! Cog. llnmily 150 a 250
Shoiilclnrs 10 a II Holland Gin 125 a 150
r Side** ]1 a 12! j I*. Hmndy 87i a 125
f Rutter, Hohluti 30 u 35 fin gars, hi. Cr. JO a 12J
iS. Carolina 15 u 2 » | Aiiigcovado 8a 10
Candles, ‘Sperfrl Xiu’M ) J’orlo Kiro 0 a 0
f Tallow 10 aIH IScw Orlennd Hall
£ Cheese, 11 alO Huvaru, while 14 als
I Cojjee,£V. Cuba 12 als Ho brown 10 al2
1 Java 14 a 10 00 a 75
/ Common Uio 10 al4 fioap, yellow 7i a*J
j Cotton, On aon Shot, 0a 10
Flour, Canal sl3 alt fi'ras, fly sort 70 a 100
5 IJaltfmore 7« 10 i Jinjiorial 95 a 125
* Cum, 112 i a 125] Gunpowder 90 a 125
? Js'irtf., 10 al4 j Vuu.clu.se t'ur.tnrn,
- i Hides, dr. salted Ufa 12 Yarns 4n 10 /:28 a 40c.
f Jjcad, 81 a 9 O/nahurgs No I 15!
i Moloxses, 38 a45 No. 2 14!
Nails, 7! aH! Mackerel, Nurisll a 13
* Oils. Sperm, 125 a 137 No. 2 $lO all
8 I-indeed 125 a 137 No. 3 87i a 8
r VVlialo 55 aOS i Wines, Malaga 00 a75
y Pork, Mens none TenerifTe 87! a 160
j l*rnno none I Madeira 150 a 300
! Pepper., 9a II ' Claret, per gal., $25
B 9a II i Glminpugnu $lO uls
g ; ■■'; :V- < V REMARKS.
t 1 review of the market for tins ar
e I fiew lost week left it in a very dull ttaiv, and we
i- regret that it is out of oer power to report any im
i- pruvetnnet either is the demand 01 price as buyer;
e have almost altogether withdrawn from the market
>' and sales have only been made in very small pur
1 eels ; I lie quantity now offering is much larger that
1 is usually offered at this season of ti e year, lut tlie
. is not to be wondered at, when a comparison of the
Stock on hand of the Ist August, this year, vvilli iluit
t of tho last year, is made.
, N'toek on hand in Augusta and Hamburg
t Ang. Ist 1837. 26,826 bales
“ “ Aug. Ist 1833 4891
I
Excess this year over last 23,935
i “ IVp now quote 6a 9 per els, extremes of tho mar
1 ket but it may always be calculated that a lanes., ac
tieloNvill always command 1 per can, over flic high
est market pi ice
CaocEiiiKs—Wo havo no change to report—.bu
siness continues dull, in consequence of the low
state of Ihe river, and tho small supply on baud,
holders ot Sail have refused to sell nt 75 els in largo
parcels. With Flour our market continues to be
| well supplied from the interior; the quality of some
of which has been pronounced to be equal to Canal
. Bacon is getting scarce, and the price lias advanced
a little. Domestic Liquors' are also gelling scarce
BxchaNok--Checks mi New York are still held
by'olir Banks at 3 per,[cent prem. fJiiited States
Bank, notes have been freely .bought,.during the
week,in3l per cent prem.,
Fiieiojits to Savannah (sfl.por bale, to Charles
ton, by Kail Rond, 1c per lb; • The steamboats' du
nut eouie U|l higher Ilian Bugg ; s Her,
LafijyeUe ILitl.
TRltllK undersigned respectfully informs ins
SL Iriomlrt anil llio piihlic ffanarnllt', that ha has
Mkoa l.aluyc if* Hall,in Milk dgi*villa, Igrmerly kept
by Grri. I) H. JI/iU:hdl. This houael.i as well cal
milntr-l to romler comlort as any other csiab'ish
ni'Mit in tho city; and every exerlion on my part, Will
bo made Id aocommodaio I hose who may lavor me
with a rail.
Tlio subscriber will give bin personal attention to
bis palrons,aud will have tbo oniiro mana”emoiU ol
ibo lid'iso. IV’iM. U(,)Gl.;Uli.
OCrTlio •Slni’O Office of Ibo People’s Lino is Kepi
at this luuum. Tho stages d;iily Jcaving lor Monl
mgocry mid /Inunsfa.
A/Jllpdgovillo, Aliff. I fr
W Ailfdiiiiy*
Ti™ lonsbip ol this Academy being vara
tod by flic resignation nf the Bov 'I heodorc
Dwight, applications to fill the same will be re
i wived until the first of October next, nt which time
the selionlastie year will ciimmonce. All appli
cants must mine well recommended for moral ns
wall as mental attainments, mid must also possess
a thorough knowlmlge of the Greek and Latin lan
guages. By order of the board
J. W. JONES,Sre'y,
ang 2 180 w2m
Columbia Slici’iir Sales.
WILL bo aubl at Columbia Conn Home on tbo
first Tuesday in September next, between
(bo usual hours ol side, two improved lots in tlio
villngo of VVrighifiborongh, on ibo m rib si lo of
ilrond stroel, joining Henry IP. Ma-wm'nl,nrid oth
ers, boiAg tbo lots whereon A’oberl VVmlonow lives*
levied on as (bo property of said liobrrt VVnde, l»
Hft'isly sundry fi Ins from llio Justice's Court, James
Moore and ulbors, ngaistsnid Wade, Joseph Walker
and John L mberl. Levied tin und relumed to mo
by n constable UIC1IA1M) II JOiVKS, H Sirfl*.
nug 2 180 wid
(!i'A)RGI t'ohmbiacounty:
r|IOLLKH before Janies Burnside, a Justice of
JL the Pen«e for slid county, a buv horse, snip
nose, left eye out.: appraised, by K T Williams and
Walter J Jones ul. ton dollars. Sn iposed to be 20
years old. J AMISS nHR/VSIHL, J 1L
A tru • extract from iheestiuy booh,
nbg 2~lß(Kv3t I)A VII) H \ KRI S'S, (:l,. r k.
Ten l>»(lai‘N Krtviird.
t RAN A WAV from the subscriber
living four miles below Columbia
Court House, on the road leading to
Augusta, a Black Boy,•'by the name
of SOLOMON,Vibdnt 12 or 13yn ars
ofoge. So'/on.on is quite blaek/jpeoks
quick when spoken to, and is rather
small for his age, wore oil a while
home spun roundabout and pantaloons, both tilled
in with wool. He is supposed to bo limbered in
Augusta, dr on tbo Sand Hill, having been recently
seen nt both places,and having a relative belonging
to tbo estdte of John Tot, deceossd. Any person
taking up said boy Solomon, and delivering him to
me or lodging him in Jail so that I get him, shall re
ceive llio above reward as well as the thunks of
COLVARH, Jr.
npri!l9wlm '.-I
"TTao He ward.
1 will give the above reward for (heap-
SB prehension and delivery of my Negro
<HI ARLOTTK, at my residone near
M*M ,uve b» ni Ncriven county, fcdie is
Jk about twenty years old, very dark com
o y&Vyf plected, and dresses fine for a servant.
Slie was (mrcbased some months past
ri&SiAt from Mr. Thomas J. Walton, of Angus
ta, by Thomas W. Oliver; and, as her mother and
acquaintances live in that city, it is very likely sbu
is harbored by some of them
MARTHA OLIVKR.
Feb2B 48
Nolice
M V wife Martha Ann Carpenter, having ceased
. lobe a wife lo me, and apprehensive (but she
is about lo leave my bed ami board without my
permission, I lake this painful method of giving it
publicity lo the world, —and I do hereby forewarn
nil and every person whatever, from trading with
my said wife or giving her credit upon the laitli of
my responsibility—us 1 will not bn liable lor her
contracts, conduct or conversation in any shape or
form wlii.tr ver. lUILKY CAUPKNTMR.
Burk comity, Geo., May 3,1837. [niuyO iQfi
Notice.
Wll.LliuSuld pn thufirtit Friday inFeptmnbur
ncxß 111 1 lie rosidunuu of John Magdi-or, lulu
ofßurko cOHuly, ilocM., a part of thu perishable
prbpany hclrftigirig tu said ducM's rslatr, viz. snmu.
hugs, baron and lard, nx n and cart, beds,bedsteads
and furniture, together with all the bouse hold furni
ture, and a nnniber of other articles too lediuus to
mention. Terms of sale made known on day.
JOHN LODGE, Adm'r.
jtib/25—I73tda Withth6 wijl annexed.
U' PON Ihe application of Win Boyd and Jane
Lawson, Guardian's of the minor heirs of An
drew B Lawson, iloe'd., slating lo ibo court that
Roger M Lawson, one of the administrators on the
estate oftho said Andrew B Lawson, is mismana
ging said estate, and has (ailed to.tender lo this
court un account ol his actings and doings as said
administrator, as required by law. it is,on motion
of counsel,' Ordered that said Roger M Lawson ho
and appear at the next term of this court, to wit;—
on the first Monday in (September next, and then
and there shew cause why his letters of administra
tion shaft not he revoked; and ills further ordered,
that u copy of • Ins rule be published in the Chronicle
At Sentinel, of Augusta, once a week for three weeks,
before said court
A true copy from tho minutes. July 18, 1837.
T if BLOUNT, D o r: o.
July 81 _ 171 w3w
B T l’( >N the application of Ransom I.( «is, who ts
U the security of Elijah Trod way, on his bonds
ns guardian of his son Annnpias DTredvvay, staling
that said Elijah is wasting the estate of said Aimapi
us D, and bus tailed lo account to ibis court as said
guardian for Ins actings and doings, and also pray
ing to lie discharged from any further liability as
said security, ft is, on motioß of counsel, ordered
that said Elijah ho and appear at the nest term of
this Court, on tho first Monday in September' noxt,
and then and there to shew cause why his Ellers ol
guanliuiiHliip shall not bo rcyokod* and tho said
Ransom bn any longer liable on said bond; and .t
ih further ordered, that a eopy of ibis rule be pub
fished in tho Chronicle ami Sentinel, of AOgnsta,
once a week for three weeks, before said court.
A true copy from the minutes. July 18, lodi.
1 T 11 BLOUNT, do c o.
I July 21 172
" Admini*.i-alor’M Sale.
711-1, ho sold at Iho market house in the town
\\ ( ,1 Louisville, Jefferson county,in the usual
hours of sale, on the first Tuesday in November
next by oldertfLllie honorable llio Inferior Court
of said eoiintyTafcHg as « Court if Ordinary, to
the liighthi. kid'll* hundred and ninety acres
more or leWm ot«rnd hickory land, (improved)
1 ah mt three tailqt Wow Louisville, on tho .Vnvan
• nali road, and fknV Winers of Big Creek, adjoining
lands of litdl, Gardner, Uostwiek and others, being
the real esliiio of the late Sclli Eason, deceased, in
Jefforstm county. Sold’ for the benefit of the heirs
■md creditors oi said dec’ll. Terms of sale on flic
day. BRYANT FUI.FOKU, Adm’r.
3 paly 19, 1337 IM v.td
I Sale.
„ \\ 1u - Nsold, by order of the Court tof Ordi
’ r ... nn s r i f,,r ,ll( ’ <’onmy of K.chmond, off the
r- first liwsdny m Septcmbir nett, nt the Market
,n lQU.se m tlio city of Augugra, two unimproved lots
is t,,e norl ' l S, ' J « and «|»|.rr end or Brood street
Known in the plan of Mrs- Clayton’s lots as No. 71
l( an( l ■4l*o,ai the court liQQ.se of Fayette county.*
u oil 11 1 name day, one lot of land, Nor. 100, in the
IMi District,originally Hefiry county. AJ*o,iDtrihn
Maine day, at tlio court bouse ol Henry county, lot
:No 23/, in the 10th clfsfrh I, and
s letli of Henry. Also on the shine day,
the court house of Early county,lot No 369, s6|jf
district.,. lhe above sold for the benefit of the heirs
and creditors of James Primrose, dcceasod, late of
the cuftirty oi Uiclitiioml. Tennsaiih. Titles in-”
• di e pifUb*iQ r 4 b* Marshall, Adm>.
MAIiY HilMftOSE, Adm'z.
- jmu* ' ■ M 4 wtds
«o I tun |;|» «TeTnTsaie*r
of.Columbia Court House, on
v ,?.* ihftfiW TuesdayinSmAeiSiW next,between
the IHinfr hours of sale,
’ A-lot of tadiev andgontlemen’li shoes and boots,’
u a lot o'Qioy'saml men's wool and fur hats, to satisfy
e three It. Ins.; one from CVlrufabia Inferior Court, at
~ the silit ol J D Price .feC6 against James Burnside;
two from Columbia Superior Court, Jamtw Cart
ledge ftVd Joseph I'ederick - ', for officers oft Kb court,
I against (he saffA.
-.At,So—
Tt n pn'lcnt ales, matrass and bedstead, ten Wan-'
kels, kitchen and household furniture, and three,
• trunks, to satisiy a li In from C'ofurnbia Superior
I, Court, Edward M Crawford against. Richard Haws.'
Proiierty pointed out liy plaintiff,
—A'LSO— ,
'■ One hundred acres ol pine land, on the Uchee
0 Crook, joining funds of Morriss’ heirs, Richard W.
Jones and others, to satisfy threp, If fas from a jns
• lices C.mrlot Cplmnbia county, at Hid suits of John
OliVo, John Pa.fisb.and Pace * Bdsh, plaintiffs, va
Sion Elkins, defomliitft. Levied off an J returned to’
mo by a constable.
1 RICHARD II JONES, D .S’h'ff
July 28, 1837 174 wtd
V.reeutor' 1 * Notice,
(*2 IX mouths after date, 1 will make application'
► “ to tho Ilonoriihln the lulcrior Court of Colura
hia county, when sittingt.s a Court ol ordinary or
I.cltcrs disniissury, from the further Administration 1
of tlio Estate ol John Dozier late of said County
Deceased, 1 hereby, require all and singular the
kindred and creditors ofsnid deceased, to file their
objections if any they have, in the office of said
court, wii hin the lime proscribed by Law, to show l
cause why said I diets should not be granted.
JAMES K, DOZIER Exr.
John Dozier, den’d.
nnc 5, 1837 13)
tl (I ill liiis I imloi ’n Na |77
HIM. bo sold on the first Tuesday in Septem-’
her next, before the court lloitso door in
Jneltsonhoro’, between the usual hours of sale, a
Negro Mini by the name of Dick, belonging to the
slide oi Annul* Arnett, deceased; sold agrecab'eto
tin order of the Honorable the Inleri r Court of
Scriveit county, for a division among the heirs of
said estate. AZAIUaII ENNKIS, Adm's,
June 17 jtt w'.tw
liiinnliaii’i Sale.
AGREEABLE loan order of iho Inferior Court
of Columbia county, vvijcn Hilling lor ordinary
purposes, will boaold at thu (Joint llminu door, in
Appling on the tint Tiiiwduy ii ftcpieinbor next, 3
negroes, viz; Mourning, n yumum, and twochilmen,
Tabund Mlonnor, belonging to the estaic of i.ydiu
llugg, minor. Tentin wadi.
JIFJVJAMIN HUGO, Gunrd’n.
July 7,1837 wtds 158
7 Lost, ,
b, OMETIMR during the last Winter I enclosed to
• ’ Stovall, Stimnoos A, Co., of Augusta, the halves
of two one hUiitired dollar hills, hereafter described
in a loiter which was deposited in the Post Office
at Etbcrlon; Geo., which letter never reached its
destination, and the halves of the hills are lost. One
ol caul hills was on the Georgia Hull Road and
Hanking Company, payable at the Blanch in An-!
guslu, No. 6UO, litter A, signed by William Deoring
President, find hearing date at Athens, 7th June,
1836. Tin) ol lief was d’ff the Mechanic’s Bank, let
ter A, dated Nov. loth, IH3J,and signed by Jhon
Phttiizy, Presidi n', Iho number not indicated, by
the hull of the hill In now .ay possession. Any
information by which the lust halves can Ke-dls
bovored, will he thankfully jet-cived by being
lull with me, nr al either of the said Banks, or with.
William E. .lories Esq, nt AugdSta, and the officers
of sltid Hanks, are cautioned against redeeming said
bills (ruin an] other person I linn myself or Messrs.
SluvaP, Simmon* &. Co. Those lost are the first
halves, containing tho “promise to pay,” and the
cashier's naniss. , f ~4
. young l. g. Harris's
Elherton, Ge 6. June Silt; 1837 wßm 16 ,
(Hinnliiiii’a Sajc.
W'ILL bo Hold, boiotb tlio Court llou.se door
in Wnyrotaburu’, Biirko county, on the first
Tuesday in October next, all the lands lying in
Haiti ( 6mUy belonging lu the orphanx of 'i'homaii'
Hell, doi iUHod ; to be sold lor ,lhe .benefit of said*
orphaftg Terms made Khown on the day.
July 4, 1837 . iiUdii AILEN, Guard’n.
July 7 wtd 158
H.rerutor’s Sale.
4 GREEABLE to an order of,tlio Inferior Court'
1 V of linrkc county, when silling lor ordinary
purposes, will ho sold on the first Tuesday in Odin-'
lier ueU, nt Newton, linker county, between the
li iml bonis o! sale, a tract of lurid containing two.
hundred and filly acres, belonging to the estate of
Jonathan l.uwis, dec'd. Terms of sale on the day.’
HENRY LEWIS.EjPr.
july 24 171 WtM
SalC.
O.V the first 'fnesday in October next, at the late
residence of Mnger Watson, late of Richmond
county, doccasod.wnl ho sold the following negroes,
uz: Tom, //onry, Lucy, Silvcy, Julia aha Else, air
likely, anil belonging to the estate ol said deceased.
Side positive, and fur llte benefit of the heirs and'
creditors. Terms on the day of sale.’
E PERRVMA7V, Ex’r,
july 21 IW , w’ldk
mtEAKFAHT HUVSH OiVTHEff. «. H.
TO LET , , •
riMIE Dwelling,togetlierw’hh 1 the Farmfconlain
i. mg AM acres, snimted on the Georgia Rail
• Rood, at the second Dcposilofy, 20 miles from Au
gnsla, is In lot. Apply to
WM G BONNER,
White Oak P 0, Columbia co.. Geo.
july 27 175 wTI
07“ The Ktandaid of Union Will copy tW above 1
4 times, nod send their account to this oifi'ec.
Just iteceivedi
A (kik it AG S Prime Gfcen Cofßo
iLday 20 hhds prime Sugar
20 hbds West India McWssCs
New Orleans Molasses Wl bl 1.4
120 bids Whiskey; 30 hhds do.
10 boxes Isml and Lrimp Sugar
10 t'yrces prime Rich M
Hallimore anil Cabal Flour, Raisons,'
Sperm and ’J'allovU CatVdles,
Co lon Bagging, Halo Rope, Twine,
Salt, Iron, Steel, A'ails, &c. .• e,
Togothcf with a general assortment of Fanny Gro
ceries. For sale low by ~ . ~
■ HARPER t. BRYSON* CO.
july 25 178 2td&2(w
James W. M. Berrien
WLL practice LAW in the oountiesof Burke
Jcllirson, and Washington. Ufficeai Lou-
I |6villo, Geu. _ rjiin. 21 115 3nadsww. .
Notice.
I fkjlllEsubscriber will during the priaenummmer,
El inland to any business entrusted to hVn in the
| Cherokee Circuit, such as examining land, *«)IeCC r .-* A
I jag debts, Ate., provided application be
1 by (lie 201 h July next, lie raters tli Messrs. A J.
it T. W . Miller of Augusta.
[ GEORGE GUNBY.
White Oak P. ()., Columbia co , June 28-151 16t
Administrator’* Notice.
INOlTft moniba afer dale application tVirt he
inude to tlie honorable interior Court ot Burke
county, as a Court of Ordinary, for leave to sml four
hundred acres ol land in said county, belonging Ip
the estate ol Joh&thnu Johns, adjoining lands of Dr.'
U. B. Miller, Azunalt Duke,nod others . .
npril 22 83 JESSE JOHNS, Adm’r.,
1 “GEORGIA, r liy l, ' P 1 hntorablc the Court of
1 Burke county. ) Ordinary otsaid county,
r \\[ II EKE.I' it illaina Sapp, Administrator of
’t V T Richmond Hank raim, dcdM„ Into of SonUi
o Carolina, lias petitioned the Hnnurablio the Court of
* Ordinary lor Idlers dismisaory Irma said adrainii-
I) tnilion: These are therclorc ui file and admonish
i- all and every person intena,u a, toabew cause, any,
g they have, on or before the first Monday iu JaiVusrv
g ivext, why the said letters should not lm graatadpuid
n ibeanid William Sapp forever released trum all lia
rs bility as said administrator.
te. By order of the Court. , ,
T H BLOUNT, dc e b t o,'
1 s,,| ysa (n6m 177