Newspaper Page Text
SUNDAY MORNING.
TILL DEATH U3 PART.
.'til death ua part. Till death as Join,
So speaks the heart, O voice yet more divine!
When each to each repeats the words of That to the broken heart breathes hope
doom; sublime.
Through blessing and through curse. Through lonely hours.
For better anil for worse. And shattered powers.
We will be one till that dread hour We still are one, despite of change and
shall come. time.
Life with Its myrSfld grasp Death, with his healing hand.
Our yearning soul shall clasp. Hhall once more knit the band.
Ayo. ceaseless love and still expectant Which needs but that one link which
wonder; none may sever,
lb bonds that shall endure. Till, through the Only Good,
Indissolubly sure. Heard, felt and understood.
Till God in death shall part our paths Our life in God shall make us one fc*
asunder. ever.
The Labor Federations
Figures Show Relative
Importance of Each
While there can be no correct com
parison between the American Labor
union and the American Federation of
I-ahor, the printed statements of each
furnish some ideas of their relative
importance in the labor world. The
Income of the Western Labor union,
now the American Labor union, for
the past year was $4,800 for per
capita tax. This tax amounts to ten
cents per member per month, which,
averaged for the year, shows a mem
bership of 4,000. Allowing that the
membership lias increased largely
during tie past few months, it cannot
have over 10,000 members to-day or
It would not have had any a year ago,
according to Its published statement.
The entire yearly income of the West
ern Labor union from all sources was
$12,000. The income of the American
Federation of Labor for a like period
was $131,000, and the amount of per
capita tax paid into that body from
national and international unions is
lint one-third of a cent per member
per month. At the end of last April
1,100,000 members were paying per
caplla tax into the American Federa
tion of Labor, and it is estimated that
WKat Governs Wages
Not Arbitrary Dictum,
But Natiir&l I.aw
Wages are not a matter of individ
ual caprice or arbitrary dictum, but
arc governed by natural law. It is
not within the- power of capita! or of
the government or of organization
arbitrarily to increase wages. Wages
can be permanently influenced only
through the operation of the social
and economic forces which govern
all other economic movements.
For centuries it was believed that
wages were a matter entirely within
tho power of the master's derision.
This wns so thoroughly accepted that,
for hundreds of years in England,
wages were fixed by law. In the four
teenth and flfteenth centuries it was
a penal offense for laborers to ask
for more wages than the statute pro
vided. Under the Tudors the wages
were fixed twice a year by proclama
tion of the magistrates in the differ
ent counties. Despite the power of
authority, which was well-nigh ab
solute. backed by the influence of the
masters, the church and the throne, it
wge found absolutely impossible to
compel wages to obey the authorized
standard. From Edward 111. to Wil
liam IV. tho statute hooks of England
are bestrewn with acts and proclama
tions attempting to regulate wages,
but all in vain.
Tho evidence of tho failure thus to
fix wages accompanied the enactment
An Employer’s Views
Rights of C&pittxl and
Labor from His Standpoint
There is no reason for dissensions
between capital and labor; and if tho
men will recognize that there are two
great forces coming together when
any Industry is started —tho one to
furnish the money and the other to
furnish the work —that both have obli
gations as well as privileges, I think
labor and capital will reach an under
standing that will settle the t questions
of organization of labor unions and all
similar fundamental questions for all
(line.
Perhaps the wage-worker may say.
••But. that will not settle the question
of wages—the mere recognition of the
union.” 1 say it will, if the union will
present to capital strong, upright, hon
est officers of their unions and say,
“Here are our representatives; do
business with them; we have elected
them as our agents, and whatever they
do we. will stand by." then the men
will And that there will lie no refusals
to recognize their unions and no re
fusals to enter into agreements with
them, it is the breaking of agree
ments that employers fear, not the
making of them.
From Various Points
Happening* of Interest
to Organized Le^bor
Some of tho Belgian coal pits, on
resuming operations after the strike,
reduced wages S per cent, and in the
coal districts of the Borin age the col
liers’ wages hav e uow been reduced
12 per cent and more. Some pits also
contemplate a .-eduction in the work
ing hours.
The organization called “Federation
Regional,” composed of employers, em
ployes of the municipalities and sup
ported by the Porto Rican Republic
ans. are opposed to the organization
of the workers at ban Juan. Porto
Rico, under the American Federation
of Labor.
The clothing manufacturers at Syr
acuse, N. Y„ having declined to accede
to the demands of the garment work
ers for an increase of 8 per cent to
at. h ast. 20 per cent more might be
added from the fact that many unions
do not pay their full membership. In
addition there are 370 city central
bodies affiliated with the American
Federation of Labor, and as most of
them have unattached unions it can
he seen that the membership of the
American Federation of Labor 13
much larger than is shown in the
amount of per capita tax paid. Al
though it was generally supposed that
the Western Federation of Miners
was a part of the Western Labor
union, Mr. Kidd says that, from the
information he received while In Den
ver the miners are not affiliated, al
though working in harmony and in
sympathy with the other organiza
tions. President Daniel McDonald of
the American Labor union is said to
he a member in good standing of tho
Iron Molders' union, which is a part
of the American Federation of Labor,
and iloady Kenehan, a member of
the executive board of the American
Labor union, is a member of the
Horaeshoers’s union, also affiliated
with the American Federation of
Labor.
of every new statute upon the sub
ject. The literature of the period,
from the statute of laborers (1350) to
the repeal of the conspiracy act
(1824), is a continuous record of tho
failure to govern wages by authority.
The development of economic thought
and tho substitution of scientific for
authoritative and coercive methods of
dealing with sociological questions,
has given us the key to this failure.
We now know, as tho schoolmen in
tho middle ages and the politicians
of tile eighteenth and a large part of
the nineteenth century did not, that
wages are a social product; that the
price of service, like the price of
every other marketable quantity In
society, is primarily determined by
what it costs to furnish it. This
means that Instead of wages being an
arbitrary quantity to be fixed by tho
master or the magistrate, or by the
ii' re demand and supply of laborers,
they are really governed by the social
standard of living of the wage class.
It is not even an individual matter;
It is beyond the power of the individ
ual laborer to regulate his own wages,
just ns it is beyond the power of the
individual to regulate the price of his
own product.—Prof. George Gunton.
Men who do the most work don’t al-
I ways do it. the best.
There are a few unions in the coun
try that come near to meeting the re
quirement that 1 have mentioned. The
Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers
never has any trouble; the firemen
never have, and they are so strong
that all other unions look toward them
whenever they get into any trouble.
But they are also so strong that they
cannot be stampeded into any rash
action at the instance of others, or of
outsiders, and their employers know
full well that an agreement made with
them—that is. witn their duly author
ized leader —is made to be kept, and
that it /111 be kept by every member
of the union, no matter at what indi
vidual cost.
Whenever the other unions estab
lish for themselves a reputation so
that employers will only have to turn
to the agreement with them to be ab
solutely sure pf what they are going
to do, then, and not till then, will la
bor unions bo the power for all-round
good that they are capable of.—Henry
W. Hoyt, vice-president Allis-Chalmers
company, Chicago.
their subcontractors, made necessary
by the concession of the nine-hour
work day, and 1.500 employes have re
fused to work.
President (Jumpers of the American
Federation of l abor has canceled the
charter of the Kingston (Ont.) Iron
i Workers' Union because the men
would not support the machinists, now
on strike there. Such a step was never
I before necessary in the history of
i unionism in Canada.
-Terms of settlement of the trouble
between the papermakers' unions and
j the manufacturers at Providence, R.
; 1., ltav o been ratified and a peace
; agreement, to run for a year, has been
signed. The pulpmukers receive an
advance of 10 per cent ip wages and
some other concessions.
REGULATING A CLOCK.
Eaiband and Wife by Not Fulling To.
geilior Got It Ja*t litglit.
When Mrs. Matthews' sister return
ed home alter her regular two weeks’
visit to the east, she left the Matthews
a fine clock. Matthews, especially, was
veil pleased with it, as he said there
would no longer do any excuse for
not having supper ready on lime. Mr.
Matthews explained to Mrs. Matthews
just how a clock should be regulated.
‘'lf it goes too fast, lengthen the pen
dulum by screwing the little nut
down; if it goes too alow, screw the
nut up." Matthews was in the habit
of gating up early to do a little work
tetore brejicfast, and the next morn
ing, whan he compared the dock with
his watch the clock was a little slow.
Leing an exact man he shortened the
pendulum a littie ami went about his
work.
At noon Mrs. Matthews realized the
advantage of living in that part of the
city wuere the City hall bell could p,,-
plainly heard. Listening intently she
was prepared to verify the new time
piece. When the bet! struck 12 the
clock showed half a minute past 12
o’clock. Remembering her husband’s
instructions Mrs. Matthews lengthened
the pendulum by unscrewing the nut.
That evening Matthews thought the
dock was a irilie slow; in the morning
lie was sure of it, and again he short
(ned the pendulni.
At noon ihe ring of the Cily hall
I ell was a minute ben in J the dock.
“This is strange,’ thought Mrs.
Matthews, giving the nut a few extra
turns in order to make sure it, was
long enough.
Matthews forgot ail about the dock
that evening, but in the morning it
was slower than ever
“What ai’s the tiling, anyway, ’ mut
tered Matthews; "first thing i know
i’ll have to take a reef in the wire.”
Mrs. Matthews was growing Interest
ed. At noon that day the dock was
two minutes fast.
“This pendulum will he dragging on
the bottom of the dock ur this rate."
she thought, unscrewing the nut until
she thought it would come oft.
Again the dock was slow for Mr.
Matthews, lie organ o doubt the the
ory of shortening the- swing.
"Why, of c ourse " and in the mid
dle of his pcailant sentence no lengui
ened the pendulum to tb !a;i turn of
the nut. That day Mrs. Matthews went
shopping. Her son hud been interest
ed. bowev r, anc. noticing that tin*
dock was slow agam in* shortened the
pendulum as much as he thought noc
c scary and then gave it another turn
or two "foi luck."
At. 5.30 o’clock by Matthews’ watch
next morning the dock showed 5.30
to a hair’s breadth.
At noon the dock showed 12 on the
very stroke of the City hall hell. That
evening Mrs. Matthews was surprised
to sec* a clock maker come in with Mr.
Matthews.
“.Just a little wager, my dear." ex
plained Matthews. "I've bet Mr.
Smith $lO that shortening our clock's
pendulum makes it run slower and—” I
“Oh, John, have you been regulating ;
it, top? i'vo been trying to make it
tun with the City hall bell ”
"And so you’ve lengthened it every
day after Mr. Matthews shortened it?"
And Mrs. Matthews could only nod in
the* affirmative.—Milwaukee Sentinel.
? ain on* N iiiiips for \f>tr Vork^ra,
The great names signed to the I>ec
laration of Independence, promulgated
12b years ago yesteiday. aie of course.
p.rpetnaU-d all throrgh the country.
Mow many George \> asniugtons there
art*, for instance, it would require a mi
me census to discover. Th'-v probably
run in o the hundreds, but in New
Void; there are only six at leas:, only
six are recorded in the directory.
i he lira I Iftts no occupation assigned
to him. The others la order are clerk,
peddler, messenger, barber and pro
prietor of na eating house.
Thomas Jefferson is represented by
two. one of whom is an iron worker,
and tlie ether, a.- far as the directory
goes, a man of l- isure.
Tho Benjamin Franklins are respec
tively, a clerk, a detective, a janitor
and a lawyer.
John Adams ties the Father of His
Country in the number of his name
sakes in New ' t-rK. for ;-e possesses
six. Two of them have no recorded
business, but tho remaining quartet arc
marie up of an auditor, a butcher, a
mason and a packer.
There arc lots of G -nrge Washing
tons. Thomas Jeffcrsons, Benjamin
Franklins and lohn Adamses and mid
dle initials, but the eighteen mention
ed above are the only simon-pure ones.
—New York Mail ami Express.
Ht-atl, Itrnitis ami <J-uitt.
it has long been a popular belief,
especially since the invention ot
phrenology, that the size and shape
of the hea l are intimately related tc
the intellectual capacity. Almost ev
erybody is accustomed to form dog
matic judgments of men based ttpor.
tl is postulate. But the results of sta
tistical investigation make it appeal
very doubtful whether the belief ir
question rests upon a sound founda
tion. The conclusion Is that there ex
ists. in th<> general population, very
insignificant corelntian between abil
ity and either the size or the shape ol
the head. Very brilliant men may
have a slightly larger head than the
average, but the increase is sc small
that no weight can be laid on it in our
judgment ot ability. This is in ac
cord with the results of other at
tempts to apply a scientific test to the
assumptions of phrenology.—The Cos
mopolitan.
1
Seattle's exports to Japan are now
about $5,000,000 per annum, which is
11 times what they were six years
ago.
THB BRUNSWICK DAILY NEWS.
Fault* In Vmdin?.
There are faults in feeding that
should be avoided. The farmer who
overfeeds his animals by allowing
food to remain within their reach at
all times is not economical in his
methods. Animals that are permit
ted to feed on grain or hay at will
are subject to indigestion and a;so
evince no disposition to exercise.
Plenty of food should be allowed, but
only at regular hours, and in quantity
suited to the requirements of each in
dividual.
Ilrinkins tiiMt-lc Co** I owl*.
One poultryman says that he finds
it advantageous to have two sots of
drinking vessels, using one one day
and the other the next By t.iis
meant one soi is sunned and aired in
the off day. He think; ho keeps down
disease germs by this method. With
out. doubt drinking vessels so handled
will be free from slime and other
things that may foster the develop
ment of disease germs. Certainly L
is wiser to err on virtue’s vide than
to invite* disease. We have noticed
that when one; set of d'sbes only is
used for this purpose they sometimes
become very filthy. If disease appears
in the flock they offer a good chance
for its spread.—Farmer’s Review.
No Kicking < ovt.
Many cows are made cross and un
ruly by the men who have the care
of them. Take almost any nervous,
high strung cow anil place her under
ihe car.* of ill tempered, impatient
men, and Lie rosuß is not difficult io
foresee, it will be only a little while
before we have a kicking row. And
one kicking cow in a herd will do more
to destroy the value of the dairy aan
can he estimated. This less will not be
with (he kicking cow herself, but with
all the rest o' the herd; for it cannot
be disputed that the temper of ail will
lie aroused by the actions of the one
which is really unruly- and of her mas
ter. Anything ,hat disturbs the quiet
of the dairy has a direct effect on the
yield of milk, and its worth in dollars
and cents. The kicking cow will kick
more value out: of the miikpail tian
we can feed in from the meal barrel.
But. why have kicking cows? Moat
is the ue of having such times as are
often witnessed in the stable when
ever milking time conn round? I re
member working for one man when i
was a lad who had a cow that was
light footed. Before milking her master
would put a strap about her and haul
her away back toward the side of the
barn. In which position she was ex
pected to stand during the process of
milking, if she became tired and
flounced about there was a scene.
Shouts of anger mingled with heavy
blows and a general stirring up of the
animals all over the barn ensued. It
was a shame.
The incorrigible kicker might as
well go to the butcher mop first as
last. It would be money in the pocket
of her owner, even though she were
the best cow in the barn. Then ;u*r
progeny should also be weeded out. for
it is a tact that kicking cows leave
their mark on their calves. Sometimes
by taking the heifers from such cows
and treating them kindly, as all heif
ers 'should be treated, one may suc
ceed In training them to stand nicely.
Asa rule v, do not have patience
enough with ou- heifers when teach
ing them to be milked. No cross, imp -
tiont man should ever try to break
heifer or teach a .rdf to drink. It is a
waste of temper in the man and a risk
of spoiling the cow. The most nervous
cow may he controlled by uniformly
kind speaking and handling. It pays to
do this- pays in dollars ami cents, and
in the better sense which touches the
higher life of the man.—E. L. Vin
cent in New Y n*k Tribune.
rrt>l>rlnc Wool for Varhot.
V.' ;o! g-owers should take more to
heart the appeals <:(' manufacturers to
pay more attention to Etc preparation
of wool on the farm for market ship
ment. By so doing they would save
waste and expenses which now eat
rapidly into their profits. A good deal
oL the wool received in he markets
ls™in filthy condition, packed without
any idea of what manufacturers re
quire. ami practically In such a way
that a great deal of labor is required
,o resort mid prepare it for sal'-. All
this labor in Lie markets must be de
ducted Horn ihe profits of the grow
ers.
The practice in many places of
marking sheep with pit-: h. paint or
some o.lter sticky su" stance causes a
great amount of loss and prejudice.
When such marks appear on wool,
dealers avoid ii. and if forced to buy
they make deductions for the waste
through clipping, it is impossible to
scour out such marks, and the easiest
way is to clip off the wool and throw
it away. In a big bundle cf fleeces
this loss amounts to considerable. If
it is necessary to mark sheep it is
bettor to use come substance that can
be washed or scoured off on the farm
before the wool is shipped to market.
It may make quite a difference in the
price and profit. In a market that is
well supplied with stock a small thing
may determine the reduction in prices
for any particular lot cf goods. Some
growers prepare their wool so neatly
for market that they average almost
n cent a pound more for it than others,
and yet >hc wool is not actually any
better, in packing wool for shipment
careful grading and separation of
different' kinds should be made.
A!! fleeces should be t : ej with soft
twine, and not with sisal or binding
twine. No more than necessary should
be used, and the knots should he clip
ped off close. A bundle of wool lied
with a dozen unnecessary knots, and
with maay loose ends sticking out,
always gives a bad appearance
the package, and in many cases pre
judice* buyers from the whole lot.
They rightly reason that If the grower
is careless in this regard, he may be
expected to be careless ail through
his work, and there will be a loss Ol
time or waste of material on opening
the package. The reason manufac
turers dislike to have the wool tied
with sisal or binding twine is that
small particles of it adhere to the woo!
and damage it. —S. L. Miner in Ameri
can Cultivator.
FfTnct of Fertilizer*.
Potatoes are grown extensively in
this country, and more experiments
have been made with them than
any other crop, yet the matter of ap
plying manure or fertilizer to the po
tato crop is one on which growers dif
fer materially, it is possibly the case
that many varieties, as weli as the
peculiarities of soils and climates,
may have much to do with the lack of
unanimity among growers, but it is
safe to claim that there is a wide field
open for work in the ti3C of plant foods
for potatoes. The name difficulty pre
sents itself in Europe, where experi
ments ‘have been conducted tor years.
Professor Wright, of the West
of Scot land Agricultural college,
concludes that large crops of potatoes
can be grown either with a heavy (20
tons! dressing per acre of barnyard
manure, or with half that quantity
when supplemented with fertilizers.
The use of fertilizers r.tore will also
give large crops. In this country the
use of barnyard manure In some sec
tions induces disease among the tu
bers and vines. Experiments show
that ihe increase produced by manure
on potatoes 13 entirely in tubers of
large size. th yields of small tubers
while light dressings of manure pro
duce a much greater proportionate
effect, and a larger local ml urn can
be obtained from a limited quanity
over a given area. Fertilizers when
added to large dressings of manure
are not so effective as when added to
small dressing:*. Heavy dressings of
manure*, wi.hoi.t fer,illzors. give peta
tocs of a raiher watery or inferior
quality, light dressings being less in
jurious, while the use of fertilizers
with manure tends to greatly improve
the quality,but potatoes of the best
cooking quality and possessing the
highest, nutritive value can be grown
by the use of fertilizers alone.
Concerning the vise of the several
forms of fertilizers on potatoes it was
demonstrated that the addition ot
potash in any form, when applied with
barnyard manure, increased the dry
matter in starch in the tubers, and
*tlnis improved the quality, it also in
creased materially tho proportionate
yield of large potatoes, which adds
io the market value of the crop. Thu
most profitable quantity of potash to
apply, according to the results of ex
periments, is St pounds per acre, Repre
sented by about 170 pounds of sulphate
of potash, any increase in that amount
being no *0 beneficial *
l! is possible to use more potash and
secure larger yields, but the amount
mentioned will give the most profit
In proportion to expense. When fertili
zers only are used the potash should
be given in the form of sulphate of
potash. In these experiments tae finest
quality of potatoes were grown with
Ihe us** of sulphate of potash. Kainit,
applied in the spring, whether given
with or without barnyard manure,
gave inferior results, both in yield and
quality of the tubers, proving some
what detrimental to the quality. Mu
riate of potash gave good results when
used in fertilizers, but when applied
with barnyard manure it proved even
more effective than sulphate of potash
in increasing the yield, but, did not pro
duce tubers of !ho highest quality. Ni
tr.iif* of soda, applied as a top dressing
ai the rate of 112 pounds per acre, and
put o*i immediately after the first
weeding of the crop, produced no in
jurious effects on the quality of the
potatoes.
In the growing of potatoes the farm
er desires the largest possible yield
and the large majority of them have
succeeded in so combining barnyard
manure and fertilizers as to harvest
enormous i tops, but the < xperiments
mentioned include something more
than yields, the object being to also
observe the effect on .he quality of the
tubers, It is the quality that gives the
piofit. a:; the difference in prices may
hugely bffset he differences in yield's.
Kainit, which is a crude sulphate of,
potash containing a large
common salt. >s
u r.sively in the manure
:.t or;' -r to prevent the loss
of volatile matter, and i increases
ihe value of manure for some crops,
hut when applied iO potatoes it does
rot improve tne quality. Wood ashes,
which are rich in potash when pro
duced from certain hardwoods, would
no doubt prove valuable for potatoes,
but. as ashes also contain lime, the ef
fr<- be to injure the crop, as it is
not known that lime is favor
able to some diseases. anj
for that reason should not be
applied. A fertilizer for potatoes
should not only contain potash, but
also nitrogen and phosphoric acid. In
some ca -es the use of superphosphate
and sulphate of potash has given sat
isfaction, the superphosphate contain
ing sufficient nitrogen if Lie soil is al
so fertile. Farmers should experiment
with small plots in order to test the
advantages of the piant foods for in
creasing the quality of the tubers, as
any experiments made with certain
varieties and on soils that are varia
ble may bo of but little advantage in
sections where the conditions differ
from those of the experiment.—Phila
delphia Record.
SEPTEMBER 14.
POPULARITY OF THE PEANUT.
Known Also in tbe South no the Pindar
and the <i*ber.
An observant state contemporary,
considering the virtues of the “ptn
dar," remarks that “they do say a
South Carolina legislator can eat more
pindars than anybody else.”
It is a fact that the average South
Carolina, legislator is abnormally fond
of ”pindar3,” as our contemporary calls
the fruit scientifically known as the
A.-achis hypogoea, and variously des
ignated in 'he every-day language of
this country. Ever the strictest rules
against eating The legislative hail are
insufficient to abdlis'n the habit in the
house, and, while the sedate senate is
not so openly addicted to it, still we
have known the mo3t punctilious sena
tor to send out* surreptitiously for a
bag of pindars and devour them in that
dignity of manner becoming a senator
of South Carolina. The senators eat
pindars quietly in the senate chamber
and arefully dispose ol the hulls or
t.my slip out into the lobby or cloak
100ms and there enjoy the feast in
peace. But in the house it is quite
different. There the membexs indulge
themselves regardless of conventional
ities, and after an especially trying
(lay the rtoor is covered with the hulls
that have tailed from their careless
lands.
in this article we have followed our
contemporary in designating the Ara
i his hypococa as the pindar, but there
are many other nan.es for tnis popular
fruit. In the south, where the fruit
is best known, pindar is the most com
moil name given it, although it is
spelled either pindar or pinder, while
the form "pimla” is also found as ,w.*il
as “pindal.” In Georgia the common
t ame is "goober” anu in Virginia,
where H. is raised on an extensive
scale, it is usually called tho "ground
nut.'’ In the north tne name by which
the versatile plant and us product are
k'nown is "peanut" or the “ground
pea' and it rejoices in still other des
ignations, such as “eartanut,” "Manila
nut’ and "jurnut."
The peanut has been found to be a
very profitable crop ami many Vir
ginia farmers have made fortunes oul
of it. The market is sure and the ex
pense of planting, cultivation and ha
vfsting is by no means great. The
Ni wherry Observer interviewed a pea
nut. dealer in its town who "has a $240
peanut roaster and lias 11 acres planted
in peanuts on his farm out beyond
Helena." This gentleman expects to
gather "500 bushels of good, sound pea
nuts, leaving the undergrov.n and de
fective on the vines for stock. " Last
year he planted one acre late and got
00 bushels. "Peanut vines yield abund
antly," says this authority. “If each
vine on an acre yields only a pint, the
yield of an acre, is 75 bushels. Often
a vine will yield a quart. Good pin
dars bring from 90 cents to $1.25 a
bushel through the year." So that
there is money in pindars at this rate
wh-n we known that a town the size
of Newberry consumes $1,500 or 2,000
bushels.—Columbia State.
Rtche* from IttlilOlh.
“Chemistry, like a prudent house
wife. economizes every scrap,” says
Dr. Lyon Playfair, rue eminent British
Scientist, in one ot his lectures. But
who realizes the extent to which w hat
were formerly the mere waste and re
fuse of factories are now converted into
valuable products.
A mere sketch of what science, espec
ially chemistry, has done more within
the last 10 years for tne conversion of
rubbish into riches fills a monograph
of 20 pages just sent sent out by the
Census bureau. Tne garbage and re
fuse of cities, whim were burned or
otherwise destroyed until a few years
i;go are now converted into greases
f ; ’id fertilizers of large market value.
J Tom the trainings of cow barns, and
the waste of gas-tar works the essen
tuil ingredient of one of milady's most
popular perfumes is obtained. The
slag of ihe iron furnaces, until recent
ly thrown away, is now con verted by
chemical processes into excellent pav
lt g blocks, artificial porphyry, supe
rior building bricks and cement. Saw
dust is no longer worthless. Chemis
try transfoims it into oeautiful and
t malde wood. Atttic acid, wood
i.aphtha, alcohol and far are also made
t ; om it.
'! he slaughter house furnishes a mul
titude of by-products 61 commercial
value. Medicines for nervous disorders
are reduced from the gray brain mat
ter of animals; albumen from their
l/>od: soap, glue, gelatin', knife han-
vnd buttons lrom their bones;
■buttons, ornaments, chemicals and fer-
FtiUzers from their horns and hoofs,
l-utter substitutes, soaps, stock, glyc
erine and oils from their fats. And
the rise of cottonseed from the rank
of an utterly worthless article to a
com modi tj worth one-fifth of the year
ly value of the cotton crop itself is
< ne of the great romances cf our in
dustrial development.
Sa Fisheries Unexhausted.
It is frequently asserted that the
white fisheries of Scotland are de
clining through overfishing. The re
port of the fishery board for 1901 does
not seem to support this contention.
The returns last year .showed a large
improvement both in quantities *and
values. Larger boats are now em
ployed and the fishing is farther from
shore than it used to be. In regard to
the herring fishery, the board reports
that “in no period in the history of
the industry have the fishermen, par
ticularly those of the east cosat. been
more prosperous than during the last
few years. - The erratic migrations
of the herring shoals are as mysterious
as ever. Last year the Shetland wa
ters were favored, and the catch was
, the biggest on record for any single
1 district.—Baltimore Sun.