The Brunswick news. (Brunswick, Ga.) 1901-1903, October 19, 1902, Image 9

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SUNDAY MORNING. feg / 7 ItPHH. When X ray lust good-night tiave said, AMien lights are low, ami I’m in heJ, Then, oh. dear nr© ! 1 always see Bears. I bang my clothes with nicest care, As i ve teen told, upon a chair. They always thru, When low lights burn, To bears. If, then. I move to face the door And rug lies rumpled on the floor, 'Vhy, I would know, Should ihut rug grow A bear? " ben Bruno growls, though no one's near, When sleeping puss awakes in fear, Tis plain to me 1 hey also see Those bears. When I’m a man. how shnll I fight •A hear that disappears with ligui? While pondering deep X fall asleep To hears. An Iron Mari. A story-writer, who wrote for boys 13 or 20 years ago. built up many thrill ing tales about a mechanical contriv ance in the form of a man. Such a machine—" Hercules, the Iron Man” — was actually on exhibition last sum mer at a Cleveland park.and The lead er tells of one of the walks he tools. Hercules is eight feet high; arul, when the oi! fire inside him is lighted and steam is generated, he walks about, pushing a sort of iron-wheeled cart. He wears a tall hat and a hideous grin, and puffs exhaust steam through his nostrils. i.ate one night some of the camp ers at the park lighted the lire in Hercules after the resort was closed and the owner of ihe figure had gone away. The valve had been left open when the fire was put out; and. when steam was generated again, the man began to walk about the park. No one knew how to step him, and he walked all over the park, through the shallow lake, over the tents of the campers and t’ur side-show tents. Sleepers in his path had to be awakened to get them out of the way, for it was impossible to control the steam man's movements. Inequalities in the ground, trees, and other ob structions turned him aside but did not stop him. He terrorized the park for an hour, but, like many a human being, came to grief at rlie bar. He marched up to it and knocked it over. Hercules fell with the bar, and alight ed on his head on ilie other side. He stood there on his head, kicking Ids feet in the air, until his steam went down. A White lioliin. A few days ago Little Boy came running into the house, calling ex citedly; “Grandmamma, come quick! It looks like a ehtekie, but it are a bird! It flies.” Now Little Boy has very sharp eyes, and these same eyes are always finding out something new and wonderful about the birds and squirrels living in tlie pines that Cluster about our home. So, when grandmamma heard him calling, she put down her sewing im mediately, and went outdoors with him. “It's on the tennis-court, catchin' worms,” said Little Boy, hurrying her along. "There, see?” Sure enough! Running back and forth on the lawn was what looked, ai a distance, like a tiny white bantam hen. Little Boy laid a finger on his lips, and carefully, quietly crept nearer to the strange little creature. Grand mamma did the same. Now they could see that the bird had a black cap and a red breast like* a robin, but the rest of its plumage was white, it had a robin's way, tak ing short, quick runs over the lawn, stopping now and then to capture an earth-worm. Catching sigh' of grand mamma and Little Boy, it flew to a nearby tree, uttering a robin's sharp note of alarm. "it must boa robbin,” said grand mamma. And so it was, —a robin freak. Since then we have watched it every day. Poor little freak. He has rather a l ard time, for his robin relatives are not at all kind lo him. They drive him away whenever he comes any whera near them, and seem to think he has no right to the worms on the iawn. At first Little Boy wanted to inter fere with these unfair quarrels, but papa told him that it would do more harm than good; for it would frighten the white robin as much as the others. But we are all for the little outcast, and we admire his pluckines and dig nity. He never picks a quarrel, but. when attacked, he makes a spirited tight, for his rights. He is never dis heartened unless outnumbered. Then he flies off with despairing cries, to a tree-top, leaving his greedy relatives in triumphant possession of the worm field. We hope that some day he will eon mier and perhaps persuade the other robins to take him into their commu nity.—Christian Register. The Mory of Bob. Bob was a very uncommon yellow dog. The Irish woman who presented him to his mistress said, “That dog’s a perfect gintieman. that's what he is"; and Bob’s subsequent behavior j fully justified this estimate of his char- Kter. He was always the most ch.v - "r ous of dogs, a pattern to bis own ; kind and to his betters. Although he ! was an Immense animal, and never hesitated to attack man or beast, even if twice his size, all small and helpless things seemed to know instinctively that he would protect them. A ca; which always was known as “Bob's Friend thereafter, strayed cm the place when she was but a timid little kitten. She walked right up to where the big dog iay. He bent over and licked her face, and kitty purred, and proceeded to lie down across his big paws and go to sleep. From his puppyhood days Bob con stituted himself the champion of wo men and children. A workman on the place of whom he was l'ond, in assisting some visitors from a car riage, held the baby in his arms while the mother was getting out. The child cried, and Bob sprang at his friend with a growl and had him by the leg. not letting go until the mother took the child and restored peace. Bob's mistress lived in a lonely little cottage near a wood, and to protect her the dog lay on a mat inside the bedroom door. No matter how much barking might be going ou in the neighborhood, however late his mis tress slept. Bob invariably waited ~n his mistress rose and let him out of doors before barking his say. Some times, when the barking became fran tic and Bob could with difficulty re strain himself, he would shut his nuufh tight and "woof” under lA breath. With all his virtues Bob had one disreputable trick. He loved to run into pasture lets and annoy the grax j ing cattle. i One day. when his mistress started for the village. Bob stopped at a neigh ; bor's and invited an old dog to ac- I company him. Bob enticed poor old I Jack into every pasture lot. and taught | him how to jump up and bark at the j poor beasts. Jack was an apt. pupil, i and in spite of the efforts of Bob’s i mistress, the two dogs soon had ter | rorized cattle flying about in all di ; sections. j Bob’s mistress was overtaken on the ! road by a friend with a horse and [ buggy, and Bob rushed up to pay his ; respects to both horse and driver, i whom he knew. Poor old Jack did not know them, however, and, having been warmed up to the sport of annoying eaitle, he repeatedly jumped for the j horse's head. Each time Bob jumped up b tween Jack and the horse and | bowled ills dog friend over, plainly in j forming him that a horse which be- I longed to a friend of his mistress was not to be molested. He kept looking back at his mistress in the most shamefaced, hangdog j manner, as if apologizing for lbs 1 friend’s -conduct. Bub always drew a sharp line be tween his friends and his foes.—Sa3 • Francisco Chronicle. Five Black I’eta. Does any child about six and a halit years old want to hear of five black i pets, which a little boy I know about six and a old has? Any j one who does can read this, but I , think no one can guess what they are | or where he keeps them. I told you j they were black; now, where do you suppose he found them, and how do you think he brought them home? I This much I will tell you—he found j them when he was walking with his i father and mother. No, indeed, they are not wild beasts, lor he caught them in the grass and brought; them home in a sugar plum box! The little | boy thinks they are very contented, for they often make a pleasant, cheer* 1 fal sound, when, he says, they are "ex* tremely happy.” Once lie asked me if 1 knew how ; they mad * this pleasant sound, and ■ then told me he had watched them ; rub their wings together and that i made their song. So you see they have wings and yet are so small that five of them live happily in a sugar plum box, are black, arid make a pleasant noise by rubbing their wings together. Do you know what they are? Of course, they must have some f thing lo cat and drink, and of course, if you care about the m at all. you ; would like to know what they cat and I what they drink. It is not bread and j butter, nor meat and potatoes which j they eat, neither is it milk that they ; drink, but each morning while the grass is wet with dew the little boy I gathers a handful of it and then his pets have both victuals and drink, for they cat the grass ami drink the dew. He thinks that they ought to have i something else, however, and one day | he carried from the dinner table a piece of nice sweet potatoe for them. ; Almofi as soon as it was put in the j box one of them climbed on it and be- I gan to eat, and they seemed to like it very much. The idea of climbing on a piece of sweet potato! Another day he gave them some Bartlett pears, and that also was good for them. They are about an inch long, and jump out of the box if the lid is left off; but holes have been made in it, so they; get air with the iid on. and they really' seem very comfortable. Do you want to know what they are? They are five pretty little biack crickets. Which would you rather have, a box filled with sugar plums or crickets? —Wash- ington Star. Venice Cliecr* L’p. Venice is recovering its gravity. The bands, which had ceased playing in the square of St. Mark’s since tire fall of the Campanile, have resumed their performances, and externally, at least, the cLv again wears its accustomed animation. Oayety too, once more pre vails in the cafes, and in every direc i tion the stream of the city’s life flows on as if no disaster had happened, though the fallen Campanile still lies near to the popular heart. —London Globe. THE BRUNSWICK DAILY NEWS. A Trainin'* Homy* for Woman. Fp at Cape Breton a Mrs Horsfall has established what t;ne calls a Cana dian home and scno.rl for English gen tlewomen. The school offers a thor ough training in English and French as a preparation, but iis distinctive business is the teaching of dressmak ing, needlework, every kind of house v-oik. including looking and fine laun dry work, dairy work, poultry keeping, lice tending and gar*!- aiag. Lat'-r a co-operative farm and home carried nr entirely by women is to be opened, ’the idea is chat in England women have :io opportunity to learn those arts which may mike then, independent in the I’iter atmosphere of this country, and the Canadian woman l reposes to teach her countrywomen hew to do some thing to earn their living on their ur inal here. —New York Commercial-Ad vertiser. A Petticoat Kink. Though not new the silk petticoat with a sher irmi! flounce is being tti.il is.fd in anew way. It. came in as merely a pretty novelty, but with -.he avei increasing elaboration it has found its true place. Take one in pin u taffeta, for in stance. It has a plaiting around the foot. Over this is a very deep flounce of white mull much adorned with line tucks and dainty laces. This may be worn with many dresses, but it is at its very lest with a white organdie over a delicate pink slip. Then when the dress is held up the petticoat is, to say the least, “in the picture.” It’s this thought (hat makes any get up worth the wearing. Those who think such painstaking beneath them really waste most of the money they put into dress. If one simply* desires to be decent and clean, why buy frivols at all? Tim I's©# of Cold frpnm. No matter how much tan the modern alhletio girl acquiies during the months that, she practically lives out of doors, siie appears at the first, of the winter’s dances with her complex ion like a tinted rose petal. This goes to show Hurt, however, re gardless of appearances, she may seem, she devotes time and patience to the preservation of her complexion. Too much cannot be said against the cus tom of washing the face after a long day on the water or a spin over the country. Pure cold cream should be applied first and allowed to remain live or ten minutes, thus giving It. time to absorb ' cleanse the pores. This is then carefully wiped off with 1 a soft cloth, and the face ousted light ly with a good powder. The face should not bo washed be ; fore going out Into the air or sunshine; it is much better to rub in a trifle o* cold cream and then give It a dash of powder.—Nev- York Journal. On© Way lo Sittin I’in Money, A young woman of my acquaintance makes her pin money marking linen. She writes a. fine hand and her dainty chirography on pretty gift handker chief gives to them an additional value. She does the work to suit her own convenience, not being at tile “beck and call” of an employer. The nicety of her work is well under;:.ood, and so it comes about that much of the household linen, napkins, towels, handkerchiefs, bridal outfits in that little city bear the print of her deli cate touch. For weeks before the hol idays she is kept busy marking the hundreds of articles to be given away. For weeks after, her nimble fingers are no less busily employed marking the hundreds that, have been received. In tiie fall the wardrobes of the young girls going off to college and seminary must be marki I. and so this young woman with the deft fingers reaps another harvest. Shi- stiffens the cor ner of each handkerchief crosswise a space just large enough to take in the name—with cold .starch and presses with a very hot iron, thus making the fabric like paper to write upon.—Good Housekeeping. Ouoen Ali'T-intlra. Queen Alexandra has a deep rooted tasie for art, and discerns tho great, part that art is called upon to play in modern society. She not only encour ages artists, but also explains to them how much she relies on their talent, and their help in hours of depression, how much she is awake to every new manifestation of thought and labor. Her hands are as skilful as her smile to adorn a home and make every one who crosses the threshold of her Lon don palace or summer abode feel at ease. Music is one of her great de lights. She insists upon hearing all the celebrated pianists and singers who swarm in London during the sea son, and afterward, when she speaks of ;.ho pleasure she has derived from their skill and inspiration, one can see to what an extent her attention is awakened and her faculties keenly bent on comparing the various dilet tanti and virtuosi, and bestowing upon them such criticism and praise as best suit them. But poetry „ie queen may be said to prefer to every thing else, and poets are to her a source of perpetual study. Their sen sibilities and imaginative impulses strike her whenever she is able to give some of her time to reading and reciting aloud, which she does' in clear harmonious tones, provided she be quite by herself—Contemporary Re view. A* to Color#. Fashion sometimes imposes what, is false to true principles of art in its combinations of colors and it3 disre gard of graceful lines. The average woman will be "in the fashion," even if she knows that it does not suit her style. ‘"Style” is such a potent influ ence that when it is secured, some af front lo a fundamental principle of taste is mitigated. Getting accustomed to some unbeautiful fashion will soften the aversion to it until one almost gets to like it. Thus what was regarded with rapture in one period as a stun ning mode of costume, excites the Piirthfuluess of a later one by its fan tasticality. But good taste about dress never gets to the point of being insen sible. or resigned, to the exhibition of lad taste : u it. Write is a very beautiful color for gowns, and quite safe. It is nearly al ways becoming, and, as a rule, very charming. There aro numerous shades of white, ami the quality of it in dif ferent fabrics affords many effectively contrasting nuances, while the trim ming may soften it with distinction. A toilette in white may he the perfec tion of elegant simplicity, exquisite refinement, and aristocratic charac ter. It is possible to impart to its daintiness a sumptuous brilliancy by the garniture till it is appropriate for the most impressive function in point of richness and splendor. For a cer tain coloring and type, scarcely any thing sets oft better the grace and beaut} of the wearer.—Harper’s Ba zar. On College Thinking?. Curtent opinion lias it that the col lege girl spends much time in think ing—in deciding what stand she shall take upon various abstract anu abs truse questions, when the time comes for her to go out into the world. X < undid confession, and estimate from an upper class student in one of the large colleges for women gives a fair statement of the real state of things. “There are two declensions of Ihe theme college woman —that of the ac tual living girl and that of the exalted being who exists, somewhat vaguely defined, in the imagination of the out side world. One of the most common delusions produced by the existence in popular conception of this ideal col lege girl is the fallacy that thinking constitutes one of her everyday hab its. People imagine that, the college girl exercise:: Iter brain as a man does his horses; that siie gives each partic ular faculty of her mind (speaking unsciontiflb ally), a daily constitution al. “The college woman herself knows that this is not true. She realizes that she differs widely from the ideal of herself held by the world at large, and particularly is she conscious that her brain processes arc by no means of the superior order generally ima gined. The college girl—speaking with all deference to her power of ac quiring knowledge- loos not know how to think. Learning, laying up a store of facts, is not thinking. “Perhaps it is the very multiplicity of her interests that crowds out of her life the power of original thought. Jn the hurry of college work, the ceaseless round of recitations, lectures and laboratory hours, who can stop to think? A girl may have perfect com mand of her subject in so far aH it re lates to Lie material that sity gains from outside sources, but of wedding j these scattered facts into a unified ; whole through the power of her per- I somrl thought she knows VI it lo or ! nothing. Site broadens her mental | life, but does she deepen it? A cross I section of the mind of some old Puri- I tan disputant would be an extremely : interesting study for the average col lege girl. Sin- does not know how to think, even when at, rare intervals she finds the time. Into the realm of orig inal thinking she gazes as into some fair but forbidden land of promise, and how, in the continual whirl of her college life, shall she learn the way thither? Thinking is a fine art —it requires time and concentration, but the obtaining of thin power is worth all a girl’s college course, and the lack of it is it loss she can never retrieve. —New York Tribune MW Under sleeves continue to flourish. Every costume has some sort of a sash. Breast pockets distinguish many outing suits. Heavily shirred dresses are not for stout women. Plaid bands cut bias are effective on plain materials. Broad chantiily applique in cream adorn? a lovely pink applique. Lace-edged fichus are a’very pretty touch. Chantilly is a good choice. Buttons v/ith loops catch Van Dykes together over a contrasting under fab ric. Hats of heavy laee arc stunning fin ishes to laee dresses or rigs trimmed with laee. A flat collar and narrow turnback cuffs of black broadcloth are effective on outing jackets of cream-colored sijjfge. Silver tissue is the best possible background for beautiful lace, with a layer of tulle between, often edged witn shaded cmrfon. The tassel is much in evidence ami dangles from scarf, sash, belt arid coat. The tassels made of trie same materials as the dress of taffeta, or foulard, or chiffon, have lately yielded place to those of passementerie and silken fringe. poigJimLD HINTS < loan in" I ©llento Lnc. Here is a recipe for cleansing deli cate laces which an old lace-maker who'has woven many a gossamer web for the great connoisseur and lover of laces, Madame Modjeska, gave to her pupil and patron: Spread the lace out on paper, cover with calcined mag nesia. place another paper over it. and put it away between the leaves of a book for two or thre days. Then all that it needs is a skillful little shake to scatter the powder, and us delicate threads are as fresh and clean as when first woven. This being a lace season, "he who runs may read.” Good Housekeeping. . A l*rncticnl Suggestion. A suggestion to prevent the slipping of rugs on polished floors is worth passing on, as this is often a source not only of annoyance, but of positive danger by causing falls. A man who sells rugs at one of the large shops in New York says that if a rug is thor oughly wet on the wrong side and put face downward until dry, it will not clip. The explanation is that the wet ting moistens usefully the slightly gummy substance with which the wrong side of the rug is dressed, and which, becoming dry, causes it to slip. Obviously this suggestion is only of value in ease of rugs that have a wrong side.—Harper’s Bazar. Up-to- Datn Hulls and Boddin”;. The selection of beds and the detail of their equipment, says The Deline ator. is one of the most important items of modern house furnishing. Tho provision for comfort in sleeping rooms would perhaps receive more at tention if one realized that fully one third of a life-time is spent there. In the course of three score years fully twenty, even with only moderate sleep ing, are passed in bed. White iron bedsteads are so generally used now that, they may be found even in the tenement districts, where their neat, durable and simple construction means even more than in the homes of more pretension and wealth. While the adornment of the bed is of moment, the foundations of comfort depend on the choice of mattresses and springs. Here the quality should be of the best that can be afforded. A first expense in good materials is likely to be the last. Too Mill'll I*'iimil ure. “Have nothing in your house that you do not know to be useful and be lieve to be beautiful." was one of the sane precepts of William Morris. Have you applied it to your own house? If not; begin with Ihe sitting room and carefully consider each article. How few things here are really useful? We need enough comfortable chairs, and each one should be a thing of beauty—not necessarily expensive, but i well made, of good proportion, and with no sham carving. Each should ; be a self-respecting object, proud to j show itself: not the beribboned, be tidied, nondescript article which some- j times takes its place. Many a room suffers from a super abundance of tables which invite all kinds of ornamental nothings to come and repose on their tops. Indeed, it often requires skilful navigation to sail about this archipelago of furniture in such a manner as to avoid catas ; rophe. What have you on the mantelpiece? Are the things there from choice or iiabit? it is better to have nothing than nothing beautiful. —New York News. jTWK KS€/P£S ° * ° ° Tea Frappe—Pul one te.-.cooon of tea into one quart of milk and boil up once; stand aside for five minutes and strain; sweeten to taste; when cold P it in the freezer; do not freeze quite to a mush; serve v/ith whipped cream. Spaghetti with Tomatoes- But in a saucepan one pint of white broth am! i one (tint of tomato sauce; let these simmer for ten minutes; add to this two cupfuls of cooked spaghetti cut in inch pieces; cook for live minim servo very hot. Frozen Peach Pudding—Chop six j peaches very fine; beat one pint or i cream stiff; then add one cup of sifted ! powdered sugar, then the chopped I peaches; mix carefully and thoroughly • and turn into a melon mould; pack in no and salt., and let stand lor four hours. Potato Salad-—One pint of cold boil ed dried potatoes, or potatoes cut in Inin slices; season with sail and pep per; sprinkle over the top a coat of cold boiled boots; cut in cubes the yo!L ; of one hard boiled egg rubbed through a strainer; add one tablespoon of chopped parsley; pour over a French dressing. Cold Huckleberry Pudding - Cu* slices of bread one-third of an inch f thick, and enough to fill the dish or bowl it is to he served in; bit,ter the msecs of bread: steam enough hi; JUe berries to fill the howl; put a layer of ' bread in the dish, then pour over some ! huckleberries, then another layer of ; bread and berries; have tho top layer berries, and pour the remaining juice | over all; make the berries quite sweat, ) and serve with sweetened whipped ! cream. SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.' , President Jordan of Stanford univer- Kity. who has been -xnloring the South, mas for several months to get speci mens of fish from the coral reefs, re ports that hi the bay of Apia, Samoa, 132 distinct varieties of fish have been found, many of them previously un known to scientists. Professor Birksland is at the head of e expedition trout Copenhagen for Neva Zetnbla. Ke has six companions and tlie object of the expedition is to study tae phenomena connected with auroral displays. The party will win ter at Matolshkin Shar, in a house built some years ago by the Russian government and occupied in recent summers by a Russian painter. A lightship burning gas from a stor age tank night and day for months without attention has proved a great success. Before the gas reaches the burner it passes through a device which rings a bell automatically throe time a minute. Even when it is rr.hn, ships in ft fog are warned. The< lonely iigbtsmp men may all come ■re before long. The German navy has been experi menting with a process invented by Herr I tuelsberg, a Russian chemist,for treating wood in such a manner as to make it fireproof. The "salting” pro cess, as it is called, proved capable of v. Upstanding a fierce blaze from pe troleum-soaked fagots for an hour be foie taking fire. The official report pronounces it the most superior fire ■ toting system yet discovered. M. Lannelongt.e has just communi entedto the Paris Academy of Sciences a long history of appendicitis. lie shows that it is by no means anew oi:ease. The medical records of Ihe last century in France contain many instances. Egypt in the time of tho Pharaohs was not exempt,for lie shows that the mummy of a young woman of the eleventh dynasty (some 3000 years ago) exhibits every indication that the death was due to a peritonitis having its origin in a diseased appendix. This mummy has beer put (o anew use It was in Sir Thomas Browne’s time that. Mizraim cured wounds and Pharaoh was sold for balsams. The announcement made that Earn est Ruhmer, of Berlin had succeeded in carrying ori a telephonic conversation transmitted by means of a beam pro jected by a scan blight, calls attention to the fact that the facility of a light beam for this purpose was first discov ered in this country by Prof. Alexander Graham Beil. The apparatus construct ed by Mr. Bell proved conclusively that Bound could he carried along a ray of light, hut the experiments were abandoned, as the thing seemed to have little If any practical value. It may be said on behalf of the German, however, that lie has sttcceded in send ing articulated sounds over distances of two miles, which is a step further than anv of the former experiments Lave succeeded in reaching. THE OX-HORN INDUSTRY, How a Trail© Wliicli I! ha Beached Bare© Hiopnrtions Originated. A familiar sight in the business quarter of this city is the Russian horn-peddler. The man himself is pic turesque, having the strong features, dark skin, long heard, and ill-fitting clothes which mark the Slovak, while liis wares arc always noticeable for their oddity. Sometimes it is the hat rack consisting of two ox-horns beau tifully polished and fitted together at the butts upon a small wooden board ready for hanging in a hailway. At another time it is a small three-legged stool, of which each leg is a great horn. Again, it is a gun rack, where the hooks are horns, yellow, white, gray, brown and black. If you desire it he will supply you with easy chairs, arm-chairs and rockers, of which the entire frames are made of horns. Of similar construction are easels, music racks, picture frames, wall trophies and baby cribs. The industry was started about 15 years ago by some poor Russian Jews near the kosher slaughter-house. Be fore that lime tlie horns were sold with the hoofs lo the glue-makers and button manufacturers. They brought but a few cenls a pound, and the glue buyers had r.o trouble in getting all the raw material they needed. The manufacturers first prepared the horns by boiling and using alka lies. Afterwards they found they could secure better results by treatment with cold alkaline solutions followed by antiseptics. After the horns have been cleaned, they are scraped and polished until they gleam like bur nished metal. A few are varnished, but the practice is not recommended by the trade. —New York Evening Post. Ksirli©#! - IlumHii Being;. Recent speculation regarding the or igin of the human race has led to more careful study of some of the earliest known remains, including the so called “man of spy,” the Neanderthal skeleton and the creature- —human or semi-human—some of whose bones were discovered several years ago in Java. The German anatomists, who have given much attention to the sub ject, are confident, says Success, that the first mentioned skeletons must be ascribed to a distinct species of man which tiiey have named Homo Neau derthaliensis. The Javanese skele ton, which its discoverer calls pithe canthropus (monkey-man), is lower down in the evolutionary scale, and the direct ancestor of both, who may be regarded as the earliest man, must have lived, they think, as far back as the Pliocene period of geological tin*. OCTOBER 1*