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HFEa .7* vT AT® ? SUN DA T M6RNIXO, SURPRISING RESULTS FOLLOW THE BREEDING OF PLANTS Strange Transformations Wrought in All Branches of Agriculture by Selection and Hy bridization Experiments o! the Minnesota Agricultural Station in the Propagation and Improvement of Field Crops S SUBJECT of large and rapidly growing im portance, of whicl) little is known by people in general, will be promi nently brought before the public by the Inter national Conference on Plant Breeding and Hy bridization. As pointed out by an expert on the subject, all our most familiar flowers, fruits, vegetables and cereals are the results of unconscious plant breeding, sometimes dating so far back that the original types are as in the instances of wheat autwfndiau corn. All systematic work In this line, how ever, has been done in the last fifty years, and the greater part in the last twenty years, while the last five years have been more productive of varia ble results than the whole foregoing period. In a paper by Mr, Barron be emphasizes the fact that the history of gardening as au advanced art did not begin till about 150 years ago. while Linnaeus was building up bis re markable system of plant classification. From that time until recent years the world was ransacked for new plants, until native floras were practically ex hausted. The new plant of to-day is generally recognized as an artificial production, the result of hybridization. A clear understanding of sexuality in plants was first recorded in 1076, and in 1691 Camerarius published results of investigations be had made of the ster ility of a mulberry tree. The first actual, intentional hybrid produced between two distinct species was "Fairchild's sweet-william,” the achievement of Thomas Fairchild, a London nurseryman, who died in 1729. The progress of hybridization was slow for many years afterwards, the effect of the process often being very slight in the first generation, so that first re sults wore frequently disappointing, and early experimenters, who trusted to chance, were apt to become dis couraged. After more scientific and persistent lines of Investigation were adopted, the pioneers were opposed hy popular prejudice, objection being raised to their work on the ground tiiat it was an Impious interference with flip laws of nature. So strong was this prejudice In England that lit mod ern times a noted firm of nurserymen near London concealed the fact that they were manufacturing their novel ties, and placed on the market a large number of artifiicial hybrids, produced in their nurseries, as original species from the Cape of flood Hope improvement hy selection. Wonderful results have been accom plished in plant-breeding hy the process of selection alone. The sugar in sugar beets lias been increased more than 100 l'er cent, in the last century hy means of rigid selection, systematically and scientifically carried out on a large scale by French and German seed growers. In every generation of beets the best roots, with the highest per centage of pure sugar, have been se lected as the parents of anew genera tion. Most valuable results have been obtained in this country by the work of the State and the United States Agricultural Experiment Stations. In a report by Willet M. Hays, of the Min nesota Agricultural Experiment Sta tion. which was published in 1901, he cays: “The ten leading field crops in the United States annually yield near ly $2,000,000,000 worth of plant prod ucts. By means of live stock and by manufacturing processes the value of these is so increased before they are consumed that it is very nearly doubled. Experiments have demon strated that by breeding alone these crops may be so Improved in their in herited tendencies as to yield five per cent- more, even with the cultivation remaining unimproved.” He adds that Ilie Minnesota Station hy six years of selection produced varieties of flax thirty-two inches tall from varieties only twenty-six inches tall, Increasing the length of the fibre more than twen ty per cent. This experiment demon strates the possibilities of breeding flax which will grow as long fibre in 'dry climate as Is produced from the common flax in Belgium, Ireland, and other moist countries where most of the long fibre is now produced. By the process of selection in wheat breed ing at the same station, two new vari eties have been produced and distri buted. which will, it is estimated, re pay the State in a few years for all the money it has expended to date in agricultural experiments. In a paper read by George Lee. gar dener, before a meeting of a gardeners’ association, at Exeter, England, last spring, be said that nothing in scientific agriculture had attracted more atten tion throughout the world in the last ten years than the raising of new breeds of wheat in America and other wheat growing countries. It had been demonstrated that these new wheats would increase the present yield In the regions to which these particular wheats were adapted by four bushels per acre. If that could be accomplished in the United States alone, it would add over 180,000,000 bushels per year, worth at low valuation about $140,- 000,000. Dr. Hopkins, of Illinois, has shown that the quality of Indian corn can bo greatly improved by breeding it for a larger percentage of protein and oil. its most important constituents. Hugo ue Vries, of Holland, has carried com mon red clover through a process of breeding which Ims resulted in increas ing the leaflets from three up to five and even up lo eight in some In stances. Garton Brothers, of England, have hybridized various species of forage grasses, and made species new to science, and their work with oats, wheat, and other crops is equally to markable ■> THE WORK OP LUTHER BURBANK, Wonderful results of hybridization Lave been produced by Luther Bur bank, the horticultural scientist of Santa llosa, Cal., whose name is men tioned wherever plant-breeding is writ ten or spoken of, and who is known as the “Wizard of Horticulture." Born in Lancaster, Mass., in 1849. he was trained as a machinist, and while still a boy developed a valuable improve ment in the machinery of the factory iu which he was employed His bent towards horticulture was so strong, however, that he soon abandoned me chanics for tlie plant and seed busi ness. In this line his first notable success was quickly achieved by the production of the Burbank potato, which was developed, by selection, from only one of twenty-three seeds found in a patch of Early Itose pota toes which Ue had planted. Though doing well where he was, lie became convinced that California would afford him much better opportunities for hor ticultural investigation, and he re moved in 1875 to Santa llosa, where lie has since devoted himself to his re markably successful experiments in plant-breeding. On fifteen acres of land lie breeds fruits and flowers by thousands, continually producing new varieties. By crossing ana recrossing innumerable seedlings, so as to have large numbers to select from, he has introduced n great many new plums, most of which are superior to any of the parent varieties. One of these is the well-known plum which is called by bis own name. He is now breeding a stoneless prune, having already suc ceeded iu eliminating the pit, so that only the kernel of the stone remains. His giant prune, au offspring of the French prune, is nearly three times as large as the parent, and he has in troduced several kinds of blackberry raspberry hybrids, the berries of which are more than twice the size of either of the parent fruits. By crossing the apricot with n plum, Mr. Burbank has produced anew fruit called the plum-eot. The appearance of the fruit and foliage of the plum eot and the flavor of the former are said to combine in a remarkable de gree the characteristics ol' both its parents. By hybridizing the black wal nut and tbe English walnut, Mr. Bur bank has created anew species, with nuts very much larger and more valua ble than those of either parent, and a more rapid-growing tree. Another re markable achievement of his was tlie production of a white blackberry. OTHER PHASES OP DEVELOPMENT. All sorts of surprising things occui iu plant breeding, as it is impossible to foresee the exact results of inter marriages, however scientifically ant systematically planned. Professor By ron D. Halsted, of Rutgers College as the results of experiments in test ing the susceptibility of certain grains to different diseases, incidentally pro dueed ears of corn bearing an even mixture of white, black and rose-col ored grains, these being the hybrid off spring of a white and black breed ot sugar corn. The economic value of plant breeding is Illustrated in many different ways. In agriculture one of the notable ad vantages of hybridization is the fact that tender plan# may be made more resistant to cold by crossing them with hardy species. Highly bred culti vated plants are especially liable to disease, but by selection or hybridiza tion this tendency can often he over come. For instance, tlie cow pea, which is valuable for plowing under as a green crop, to increase the nitro gen In the soil, suddenly developed a disease which threatened it with prac tical extinction. Herbert J. Webber, who is in charge of the plant breeding laboratory of the United States Depart ment of Agriculture, investigated the matter and found a certain group oi cow peas which were not affmed by the disease. With this as a basis, he developed, by the process of selection, a variety which is perfectly healthy. Up to a few years ago, it is said, nc one had ever seen the ripe seeds of the sugar cane—perhaps because no one had looked for them—and propagation was made from cuttings aione, so that there was a comparatively limited range of variations. Now seedlings are being raised, and some of these prove to be so much richer in sugar than others that their cultivation may make all the difference between profit and loss.—New York Post. When Company Come** When a woman is pleasant to every body in the family it is a sign she has company visiting her.—New York Press. THE BRUNSWb NOT AT ALL. “I trust, Miss Catting,” remarked young Borem, as he rose to depart af ter a prolonged stay, "that I have not taken up too much of your valuable time." "Not at all, Mr. Borom," replied the fair damsel; “the time you have taken up has been of no value to me what ever, I assure you.” Then he went forth into the night and wandered homeward, wrapped in a heavy mantle of thought.—Ht-Blts. SPARED HIS BLUSHES.’ “I couldn’t get out of marrying her,” Henpeelt explained. “When she proposed she said: ‘Will you marry me? Have you any objection?’ You see, no matter whether I said ‘yes’ or ‘no’ she had me.” “Why didn't you just keep silent, then?” inquired his friend. "That’s what I did, and she said, ‘Silence gives consent,’ and that end ed me.”—Philadelphia Press. A DISTINCTION. Faying Teller—Sorry to say It, hut there are no funds. Man at Window—Then you mean to say that check is good for nothing? Paying Teller—Oh, no. I wouldnt care to go as far as that. It might be of value to you as a memorial or keepsake; but it Isn’t what—er—you’d call negotiable, you know.—Boston Transcript. LOOKED SUSPICIOUS. “I think,” said the president of the traction company, “that we had better dispense with the services of conduct or No. 113.” “Why, what’s the matter?” asked the superintendent. “Matter?” echoed the president. “Wo haven’t had a single complaint from passengers relating to him for nearly three weeks. He must be miss ing a lot of fares.” —Chicago News. A VALUABLE RECIPE. “I want to see the cook right after dinner.” “You are not going to discharge her, George ?“ "Discharge her? No, indeed. I want to get the recipe from her for this pudding sauce. It ought to mane the best kind of office mucilage.”—Cleve land Plain Dealer. DESPERATION. Mrs. Newlywed (at the tea table) O John! Mama Is coming to spend a whole month with us! Er—have some of my angel rake? Mr. Ditto (recklessly)—Yes; give me a large piece of it, dearest. I don’t care how soon 1 die now!—Bal timore News. B. B. B. SENT FREE. Cere. Blood and Skin IX.en.e,, Cancer.. Itching- Humor,, Bono r.lri., Botoulo Blood Balm (B. B. B.) oures Pimples, scabby, scaly, Itching Ecaema, Uloors, Eating Sores, Scrofula, Blood Poison, Bona Pains, Swellings, Rheuma tism, Canoor. Especially advised for chronic cases that doctors, patent modlofnes and Hot Springs fall to cure or help. Strength ens weak kidneys. Druggists, 41 per large bottle. To prove It cures B. B. B. sent froo by writing Blood Balm Cos., la Miteholi Street, Atlanta, Ga. Describe trouble and free medical advice sent In sealed letter. Medloine sent ot once, pre paid. AU wo ask is that you will spoak a good word for B. B. B. The chap who invents a flying machine doesn’t care about leaving any footprints in the sands of time. Why Syr up. of Ff£s the-beat family laxative It is pure. It is gentle. It is pleasant. It is efficacious. It is not expensive. It is good for children. •It is excellent for ladies. It is convenient for business men. It is perfectly safe under all circumstances. It is used by millions of families the world over. It stands highest, as a laxative, with physicians. If you use it you have the best laxative the world produces. Plantation Chill Cure is Guaranteed ) Mcrchant.soWhY Not PHie soc. ICK DAILY NEWS feheelwKnjjjffl this period of I JP' * \ or their mothers, Wj If \ are earnestly in= jUU \ j vited to write Mrs. Pinkham for advice; all such letters are strictly confidential; she has guided in a motherly way hundreds of young women; and her advice is freely and cheerfully given. School days are danger days for American girls. Often physical collapse follows, and it takes years to recover the lost vitality. Sometimes it is never recovered. Perhaps they are not over-careful about keeping their feet dry: through carelessness in this respect tlie monthly sickness is usually rendered very severe. Then begin ailments which should be removed at once, or they will produce constant suffering. Headache, faintness, slight vertigo, pains m the back and loins, irregularity, loss of sleep and appetite, a tendency to avoid the society of others, are symptoms all indicating that woman’s arch-enemy is at hand. Lydia E. Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound has helped many a young girl over this critical period. With it they have gone through their trials with courage and safety. With its proper use the young girl is safe from the peculiar dangers of school years and prepared for hearty womanhood. A Young Chicago Girl “Studied Too Hard.’' “Dear Mrs. Pinkham: I wish to thank you forthe heln and ben efit I have received through the use of Lydia E. Pinkham’s Vege table Compound and Liver Pills. When I was about seventeen SI suddenly seemed to lose my usual good i and vitality. Father said 1 studied too hard, but the doctor thought different and prescribed tonics, which I took by the quart without relief. Reading one day in the paper of Mrs. Pinkham’s great cures, and finding the symptoms described an swered mine, 1 decided I would gi\c Lydia E. Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound a trial. I did not say a word to the doctor; I bought it myself, and took it according to directions regularly for two months, and I found that I gradually improved, and that all pains left me, and I was my oM self once more. — Lillie E. Sinclair, “Miss Pratt Unable to Attend School.” “Dear Mrs. Pinkham; I fee! it my duty to tell all young women how much Lydia E. Plnkhain's wonderful Vegetable Compound has done for me. I was completely run down, unable to attend school, and did not care for any kind of society, but now I feel like anew person, anil have gained seven pounds of flesh in three months. “ I recommend it to all young women who suffer from female weak ness.”— Miss Alma Pratt, Holly, Mich. Lydia E. Pinklmm’s Vegetable Compound is tlie one sure rem edy to be relied upon at this important period in a young girl’s life. FORFEIT if cannot forthwith produce the original letters and tngnaturrs of abov# loitunoulals, which will prove their absolute genuineness. VvVwV I.ydlu £. IMnklaum Medicine Cos., L.ytin, Mass. HAMLIN'S WIZARD OIL ALL PRUGGISTS S'fel.L’''ff Money Savin’ Catalog "f ’ Shoe ccd (or a Postal Because * Its component parts are all wholesome. It acts gently without unpleasant after-effects. It is wholly free from objectionable substances. It contains the laxative principles of plants. It contains the carminative principles of plants. It contains wholesome aromatic liquids which are agreeable and refreshing to the taste. All are pure. All are delicately blended. All are skillfully and scientifically compounded. Its value is due to our method of manufacture and to the orginality and simplicity of the combination. To get its beneficial effects buy the genuine. Manufactured by (autorKia pa^VRIJP Sarv Fre-ncisco, Cal. Louisville, Ky. New York, N. Y. £Oll SALE BY ALL LEADING DIIUOGISTS. Malsby & Company, 41 B. Forayth Ht., Atlanta, Ga. Engines and Boilers Steam Water Heaters, Steam Pumps ani l'suiberthy Injectors. Manufacturers and Dealers tn SAW MIXiILiS, Corn Mills, Feed Mills, Cotton Gin Machin ery and tint In Separator*. SOLID and INMSRTBD Saws, Saw Teeth and Locks, Knight's Patent l>ogtt, Itlrdsall Saw Mill and Eniriiie Itepuire, Governors, Grate liar* nnd a full ilm* of Mill SunpUee. Price mid quality of goods guaranteed. Catalogue tree by mentioning this paper. U INVESTMENT The Preferred Stock of the W. L Douglas ®co°. e Capital Stock, $2,000,000. 51,000,000 Preferred Stock. $ I ,OCO,OQO Common 6tock. Shares, S8 O O each. Sold at Par. Only Prebrrod Slack offered for s’le. W. L. Douglas retains aU Common Stock. The Preferred Stock or the W. L. Dougin* Shoe Com pany pay* better than .Satme* Hank* or Government llonflu. 1-very dollar of slock offered the public has behind it more than a dollar's S worth of Rcuml hmha. W. I m Douskas continue* to own Mp - ffjft oif-li.ilf of the Mud no*, and Iff'.. —. ta t* remain the active head tui'-r' Die concern. XwW' JSE&- Tina htiKiruA* it not an m developed vrope’t. It la a K / -k ft ./dfMoiistirnted dividend p*y i-J *' r ’ N* l * larpest btuint in the world prodttelnir Men’* ffvWwffSsi fT < ‘.oodyear Welt (Hand Sewed # -7 Prove**) shoe*, ar.d ha* al- V . w“‘ \ wav* leen tniinenvely psofli afllsSatfSflE A aMe. There has n**t S'C.-ti a Jm LvxsSr;.*: //Jpv year In the pant twelve when ydußm V> the biudmss has not earned ■‘Jv 1,1 ac,,, .al eaali Mittrli more ’XvWvfiWi 1 *’ ltu Die it mould mvet*itry fZunv*i\K JPc*v/ AwW/.ll'to pay 7 net cent annual dividend on the preferred mock of i 000.000. The annual hnaincis now la sfi.6oo 000. It i* Increasing very rapidly, and will equal S7.OU)(Xx) for the year limit. Tbe factory is now turning out 7*ou naira of shoes per day, rind an addition lt ihc plant Is Wing built whutlt will increase the capacity to 10.000 pairs per day. The reason 1 am offering the Pteleired Stock forfiAle is to perpetuate the business. If you wish to invent in the best shoe business in the world, which is permanent, and receive 7 per cent on your money, you can purchase one share or more in this great business. Send money l*v easltler'* check or certi fied cluck. made payable to TV. L. Dougin*. If there is no hank in your town, send money by express ©r post office money orders. Prospectus giving full information about ttnr great aud profitable business sent upon application. Address TV. 1- IHM UJ. AS, llrock.lou, Mimi. pkDROPSY hy&tW 10 oats’ bsathebt Fan, Ej , 29 nv. iL’id. Drop.y and its bo va&’X v pUoatloß & j>ociolty lor iwnnar 'WSv*' T y.Mj with tia cost wonderful IT . .1 ar.oo*. Have cared many tuoaa /Jk and casts, **• *■ n - oasors 'Cltt.tSS'- Box B Atlanta, Qa. —_ W. Imr Bounty Lund W arrnnt. Isaona :o sol* If • I dier, of f!. Mpxlean and Mexican rants secured for tbo— sutitUd, Including heir*. 17 j 'Vrtt* for particulars. Veterans The Collins Laml Cos. I! Atlantic Bnlldfuf, 1 ' Washlnfftou, D. Free Test Treatment Mrail f Tf yon have no faith in my method eff \ treatment, send me a sample of your .-J morning urine for auaiyei*. I will TM.Sr jSL then send you by mail inj opinion of roar disease ud oau week's treatment jOk-J A FA£E Of All GOST. Von will then fee oonviuoed that my trentmwnt cure*, i Mni ling case and bottle for urine went OR. si. ff. SHAFER, sMvIOuO Peno Avc., Pittsburg, Pa. 'PISOJSI,CURE FOR I ’ I 1 t/i'. I fa.il I3esi Cough ttyrup. Tastes Good. Use In time. Sob! by druggist*. : CONSUMPTION 500 YOUNG MEN .mi’. f’rai-U,-nl Railway In.!. lurilanaiiolts. Init. A CHECK-MATE. She —Papa says ho things our love affair should be checked. He—Dear, thoughtful old guy! Tell him to make the check for four ug ures, if possible.—Judge. OCTOBER 26 Iql ' bn r" ■